Poria cocos extract and extraction process thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a poria cocos extract and a preparation process thereof. According to the invention, ethanol and N-methyl pyrrolidone are used as extraction solvents to prepare the poria cocos extract, and the extract is rich in poria cocos triterpenes and polysaccharides. Experimental results show that the obtained extract has a remarkable treatment effect on gall-stone model mice, the number of cholesterol crystals in gallbladders of the mice can be remarkably reduced, the content of cholesterol in the gallbladders can be reduced, and the content of phospholipid and bile acid in the gallbladders can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine, and particularly relates to a Poria cocos extract and an extraction process and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, also known as Futu, Fuling, Songshu, etc., is the dried sclerotium of the fungus Poria cocos of the Polyporaceae family. my country is rich in resources, and it is mainly produced in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and other provinces. Among them, the Poria cocos produced in Jiuzihe, Luotian, Hubei is of excellent quality. Poria cocos is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. It is flat in nature, sweet and light in taste, and has the effects of diuresis, invigorating the spleen and stomach, and calming the mind. It is clinically used for urinary problems, edema, spleen and stomach qi deficiency, poor appetite, loose stools, fatigue, restlessness, palpitations, insomnia and other symptoms. Its main chemical components are polysaccharides, triterpenes, fatty acids, sterols, etc. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Poria cocos has pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging.

[0003] With the development of modern disciplines, especially the rapid development of natural drug chemistry, the extraction and separation technology of natural chemical components has matured. Extraction and separation technology has played a huge role in the study of the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine, and has laid a solid material foundation for revealing the efficacy and mechanism of Chinese medicinal materials. At present, there are a large number of literature reports on the chemical composition and bioactive substances of Poria cocos sclerotia at home and abroad. Studies have shown that the main chemical components of Poria cocos sclerotia are polysaccharides and triterpenoids, in addition to sterols, fatty acids, volatile oils and trace elements. Among them, triterpenoids and Poria cocos polysaccharides are the main effective substances of Poria cocos sclerotia medicinal materials such as Poria cocos peel, Poria cocos, and Poria cocos, and are also the main research objects of current scientific research.

[0004] Studies have reported that the alkali-soluble polysaccharides in Poria cocos, Poria cocos and Poria cocos peel range from 73.50% to 82.62%, 63.31% to 75.40% and 28.50% to 47.70%, respectively. That is, in Poria cocos medicinal materials, the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides is Poria cocos > Poria cocos > Poria cocos peel, while the water solubility of the three kinds of medicinal pieces is very low and does not show regularity. In addition, the same author's paper also reported that the total triterpenoid content in Poria cocos medicinal materials is Poria cocos peel > Poria cocos > Poria cocos, which are 3.7654% to 6.1231%, 0.3491% to 0.5887% and 0.2111% to 0.5467%, respectively. Poria polysaccharide is one of the components with high content and main efficacy in Poria sclerotium medicinal materials. After enzymatic hydrolysis, Poria polysaccharide mainly contains glucose (Glc) and mannose (Man), and a small amount of monosaccharides such as galacturonic acid (GalA), rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), and a small amount of gluconic acid (GlcA). The separation and purification methods of Poria polysaccharide include membrane separation, precipitation, chromatography and crystallization. Wen Simeng reported that the relative molecular mass of enzymatic hydrolyzed Poria polysaccharide is 1.5-8.5kDa.

[0005] Triterpenoids are important substances that enable Poria cocos sclerotium to exert its medicinal effects. According to the differences in the structures of triterpenoids, we usually divide the triterpenoids in Poria cocos into lanostane-8-ene type, lanostane-7,9(11)-diene type, 3,4-seco-lanostane-8-ene type, 3,4-seco-lanostane-7,9(11)-diene type, etc.

[0006] CN 114146019 B discloses a tuckahoe polysaccharide extract and its application in anti-ultraviolet. The tuckahoe polysaccharide extract has excellent anti-ultraviolet properties, so that it can be used in the field of anti-ultraviolet, such as sunscreen products. At the same time, the tuckahoe polysaccharide extract also has moisturizing, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition effects, that is, the tuckahoe polysaccharide extract has both moisturizing and whitening effects, and is expected to be used in whitening and moisturizing cosmetics. Furthermore, the extraction method of the tuckahoe polysaccharide extract is simple and the extraction cycle is short; and the yield of the obtained tuckahoe polysaccharide extract is high.

[0007] CN 102399299B discloses a method for preparing a poria acid polysaccharide extract, which comprises the following steps: taking poria, adding 4-8 times the weight of 60-80 v / v% ethanol to soak for 3-12 hours, refluxing extraction for 1-3 times, each time for 1-2 hours, filtering to obtain a filter residue; refluxing extraction of the filter residue with 4-10 times the weight of water for 1-3 times, each time for 1-3 hours, filtering to obtain a filter residue; adding 30-70 times the weight of 0.1-0.5M NaOH to extract for 0.5-2 hours, filtering, neutralizing the filtrate with HCl, then washing with water to remove salt, obtaining a precipitate; and then spray drying the precipitate to obtain a poria acid polysaccharide extract. The method is simple, and the solvents used can be recycled repeatedly, which reduces the production cost and saves energy. The content of poria acid polysaccharide in the obtained extract is 1.9-50.0wt% in terms of glucose. The extract has obvious immune regulation and anti-tumor functions.

[0008] CN 102204936 B discloses a method for preparing a total triterpene extract from Poria cocos, comprising the following steps: (1) weighing a piece of Poria cocos, adding 60% to 80v / v% ethanol of 4 to 8 times the amount of the medicinal material, soaking for 3 to 12 hours, refluxing and extracting for 1 to 3 times, each time for 1 to 2 hours, and combining the ethanol refluxing extract; (2) filtering the ethanol refluxing extract to obtain a filtrate; (3) concentrating the filtrate to a relative density of 1.01 to 1.10 by flash evaporation, and recovering the ethanol; (4) spray drying the obtained concentrated solution to obtain a total triterpene extract product of Poria cocos. Collect the dried extract, seal it, weigh it, and store it in a dry place. The method is simple, the solvent used can be recycled repeatedly, the production cost is reduced, and energy is saved. The content of total triterpene in the extract obtained by the method is 31 to 58wt% in terms of pachymic acid. The extract has obvious anti-tumor and immune regulation functions.

[0009] CN 108125993 B discloses a Poria cocos extract, wherein the content of Poria cocos triterpenes in the Poria cocos extract is 40% to 90%, and the extract is prepared by the following method: crushing the Poria cocos, adding an appropriate amount of ethanol solution, extracting under heating conditions, filtering to obtain a filtrate, combining the filtrate, concentrating, adding a small amount of water, extracting with ethyl acetate for multiple times, drying under reduced pressure, dissolving with methanol, filtering, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying to obtain a solid Poria cocos extract. The Poria cocos extract prepared by the invention is derived from traditional Chinese medicine, and in vitro experiments show that the extract has anti-tumor activity and can reverse the multidrug resistance of MCF / ADR.

[0010] CN 109793763 B relates to a Poria cocos extract for reducing subcutaneous fat. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the effective ingredients in Poria cocos are easily soluble in alcohol, and through two low-temperature extractions, the Poria cocos is crushed into powder, soaked in 40°C warm water overnight, filtered, the filtered material is placed in a 70% alcohol solution and extracted at 70°C for 2 hours, filtered again, the filtered material is collected, concentrated by rotary evaporation, and vacuum dried to obtain a light brown dry extract. The Poria cocos extract finally obtained is made into an ointment and applied on the body surface to reduce subcutaneous fat for targeted weight loss, achieving the special effect of reducing weight wherever it is applied, and is non-irritating, non-allergenic, and has no toxic side effects, and is safe and effective.

[0011] CN 102133242 B, a Poria cocos extract is obtained by ethanol extraction and then purification by macroporous adsorption resin, which is enriched with more effective parts. A rat memory disorder model test shows that the Poria cocos extract can improve the learning and memory ability of the model rats, reduce the number of errors of the model rats, and prolong the incubation period.

[0012] It can be seen from the contents of the prior art that the specific components of Poria cocos extract vary depending on the extraction process, which leads to the fact that the Poria cocos extracts obtained by different extraction processes may have different effects. Summary of the invention

[0013] The present invention patent application has studied the extraction process of Poria cocos in depth. The present application first discloses a Poria cocos extract, and the extraction process of the extract is as follows:

[0014] Take Poria cocos diced, use ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone as a mixed solvent, reflux extraction, reduce pressure to recover the solvent to a certain volume, add ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone for dilution. Pass through HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin to remove impurities. Collect the eluate, recover the solvent, and dry under reduced pressure to obtain the Poria cocos extract of the present invention.

[0015] Characterized in that, the volume ratio of ethanol to N-methylpyrrolidone in the ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent is 1:0.1-10, preferably 1:2-10.

[0016] The step of removing impurities by adsorption with the macroporous adsorption resin is as follows:

[0017] HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin, adsorption flow rate 1BV / h, resin column diameter-to-height ratio of 1:9, sample loading amount of 0.4 g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials), water washing 5 times the resin volume, impurity removal flow rate of 3BV / h, ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone (volume ratio 1:1) elution 5 times the resin volume, elution flow rate of 3BV / h, collecting the eluate, recovering the solvent, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the Poria cocos extract of the present invention.

[0018] The extraction process of the Poria cocos is as follows:

[0019] Take 1kg of Poria cocos diced, 6L of ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent (volume ratio 1:1) reflux extraction twice, each extraction for 1 hour, reduce pressure to recover the solvent to a certain volume, so that the solution concentration is 0.3g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials), add ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent (volume ratio 1:1) to dilute, so that the solution concentration is 0.1g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials). Through HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin, the adsorption flow rate is 1BV / h, the resin column diameter height ratio is 1:9, the sample amount is 0.4g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials), wash with water 5 times the resin volume, remove impurities at a flow rate of 3BV / h, ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone (volume ratio 1:1) elution 5 times the resin volume, the elution flow rate is 3BV / h, collect the eluate, recover the solvent, and reduce pressure to dry to obtain the Poria cocos extract of the present invention.

[0020] The content of total triterpenes of Poria cocos in the obtained Poria cocos extract is 33.5%-81.4%.

[0021] The content of total Poria cocos polysaccharide in the obtained Poria cocos extract is 13.0%-63.1%.

[0022] The present application further discloses the use of the Poria extract for preparing a drug for treating gallstones.

[0023] The drug plays a role in treating gallstones by reducing the cholesterol content in bile and increasing the phospholipid and bile acid content.

[0024] For further application, the Poria extract described in the present application needs to be added with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to be prepared into tablets, capsules, granules or other oral solid forms.

[0025] The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, fillers, disintegrants, glidants, lubricants, and coating agents.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention uses ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone as a mixed solvent to prepare a Poria cocos extract, which contains Poria cocos triterpenes and polysaccharides. The obtained extract has a significant therapeutic effect on gallstone model mice, and can significantly reduce the number of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder of mice. It reduces the cholesterol content in the gallbladder and effectively increases the phospholipid and bile acid content in the gallbladder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0029] Example 1 Preparation of Poria cocos extract

[0030] Take 1kg of Poria cocos diced, 6L of ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone (volume ratio 1:1) reflux extraction twice, each extraction for 1 hour, reduce pressure to recover the solvent to a certain volume, so that the solution concentration is 0.3g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials), add ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone (volume ratio 1:1) to dilute, so that the solution concentration is 0.1g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials). Through HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin, the adsorption flow rate is 1BV / h, the resin column diameter height ratio is 1:9, the sample amount is 0.4g / mL (based on the amount of raw medicinal materials), wash with water 5 times the resin volume, remove impurities at a flow rate of 3BV / h, elute 5 times the resin volume with ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone (volume ratio 1:1), the elution flow rate is 3BV / h, collect the eluate, recover the solvent, and dry under reduced pressure to obtain the Poria cocos extract of the present invention.

[0031] Example 2 Determination of total triterpenoid content of Poria cocos in extract (implemented with reference to CN 102133242 B):

[0032] Preparation of reference solution: Weigh an appropriate amount of Pachycolic acid reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to dissolve it by ultrasonication and dilute it to the scale, shake it well, and use it as the reference solution;

[0033] Preparation of sample solution: Weigh an appropriate amount of Poria cocos extract, accurately weigh it, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to dissolve it by ultrasonic and dilute it to the scale, shake it well, and use it as the sample solution;

[0034] Determination method: Using the vanillin-perchloric acid visible spectrophotometry, accurately aspirate a certain amount of pachymic acid reference solution and sample solution, place them in a cillin bottle, place them in a boiling water bath to evaporate the solvent, add 0.2 mL of 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution and 0.8 mL of perchloric acid, mix well, heat in a 60°C water bath for 2 minutes, take out, quickly cool with cold water, add 5 mL of glacial acetic acid, let it stand for 30 minutes, measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 555 nm, and calculate the total triterpene content in the extract using the external standard two-point method.

[0035] Example 3 Determination of the content of pachymaran in the extract (implemented according to CN 114146019 B)

[0036] The linear regression equation was obtained by taking the absorbance value of glucose mass concentration at 490 nm as the dependent variable and glucose mass concentration as the independent variable.

[0037] Take an appropriate amount of Poria cocos extract, add 0.5 mL of 5 wt% phenol solution, mix thoroughly, and then quickly add 2.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; then put the test tube into a boiling water bath and heat for 15 minutes, then take it out and cool it to room temperature. Adjust the wavelength of the spectrophotometer to 490 nm, measure the absorbance, and convert the content of Poria cocos polysaccharide in the Poria cocos polysaccharide extract solution according to the glucose standard curve.

[0038] Example 4 The ratio of the extraction and elution solvents used in the extraction process of Example 1 was changed to prepare samples 1-5 respectively, and the total triterpene content and the tuckahoe polysaccharide content were detected according to the methods of Example 2 and Example 3, as follows:

[0039] Table 1 Total triterpene content and tuckahoe polysaccharide content of samples 1-5 in Example 1 and Example 4

[0040] sample Volume ratio of ethanol to N-methylpyrrolidone Total triterpenoid content Poria polysaccharide content Example 4 Sample 1 1:0.1 81.4％ 13.0％ Example 4 Sample 2 1:0.5 71.2％ 27.2％ Example 1 1:1 63.3％ 31.1％ Example 4 Sample 3 1:2 53.6％ 41.1％ Example 4 Sample 4 1:5 40.2％ 55.7％ Example 4 Sample 5 1:10 33.5％ 63.1％ .

[0041] Example 5 Effect of Poria cocos extract on cholesterol crystallization in bile of mice with gallstones (implemented with reference to CN 117100774B)

[0042] 5.1 Experimental Animals:

[0043] Healthy 8-week-old SPF C57BL / 6 male mice weighing (18±2) g were kept in an SPF laboratory environment with a humidity of 60%±10%, an air temperature of (25±2)℃, good indoor air circulation, and sanitary disinfection conditions that met the standards.

[0044] 5.2 Experimental methods:

[0045] The above-mentioned healthy SPF male mice were first adaptively fed for one week and randomly divided into two groups: a control group of 10 mice and a model group. After one week of adaptive feeding, the control group was fed with normal feed; the model group was fed with lithogenic feed (containing 15% fat, 1.5% cholesterol, 0.5% bile acid, and the remaining components were regular feed) to establish a C57BL / 6 mouse gallstone model for eight weeks. After eight weeks, 10 mice in the model group were killed, the gallbladder was dissected and the bile was collected in a glass test tube, the color was observed, and part of the bile specimen was taken and placed on a glass slide for smear. It was observed under a polarized light microscope, and a large number of cholesterol crystal particles were found to fill the field of view, indicating that the model was successfully established.

[0046] 5.3 Animal grouping and drug administration

[0047] The 80 mice in the model group were regrouped and randomly divided into 8 groups, each with 10 mice, namely the gallstone model group, the positive control group and the test group. The gallstone model group was fed with normal feed; the positive control group was fed with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the basis of normal feed, and was given by gavage at 60 mg / kg; the test group was fed with Poria extract (100 mg / kg / day) prepared by Example 1 and Example 4 Samples 1-5 on the basis of normal feed. The mice were fed according to the above treatment for 2 weeks. The control group was fed with normal feed all the time.

[0048] 5.4 Test sample collection

[0049] Collecting bile: After 2 weeks of feeding, all mice in the control group, gallstone model group and experimental group were starved overnight. After anesthetizing the mice with ether, they were fixed on the dissecting table, and the abdominal fur was shaved with a shaver, and then disinfected with alcohol cotton balls. The skin, subcutaneous fascia and peritoneum were cut along the midline of the abdomen to fully expose the gallbladder. The color, size and gallstone formation of the gallbladder were observed with the naked eye. The gallbladder was carefully peeled off from the gallbladder bed with tweezers, the gallbladder duct was clamped and the gallbladder was removed into a PCR tube. The gallbladder was cut open with ophthalmic scissors, and the overflowed bile was collected in a PCR tube. The collected bile was stored at 20°C and marked for testing.

[0050] 5.5 Effect of Poria cocos extract on gallbladder stone formation in mice

[0051] Take 1 drop of gallbladder bile from each mouse and make a smear. The method of making the smear is as follows: place a drop of bile on one end of the slide, place a push piece with a smooth edge in front of the bile drop, and slowly move it back to the bile to contact the bile liquid, so that the bile liquid is evenly dispersed at the contact point between the push piece and the slide. Then keep the angle between the push piece and the slide at 30°~40°, push the push piece steadily and evenly to the other end, and a thin bile film will be left on the slide. After the bile smear is pushed, shake it quickly in the air to let it dry naturally to prevent deformation of the gallbladder cells. After the bile film is dry, write the number on one side of the bile film with a pencil, and observe the cholesterol crystallization in the mouse bile under a polarized light microscope.

[0052] Combining naked eye observation and microscopic observation, a 6-level judgment standard was used to determine the stone formation in the mouse gallbladder.

[0053] The specific criteria for level 6 are as follows:

[0054] Grade 0: The gallbladder is filled with clear bile and contains no cholesterol crystals;

[0055] Level 1: 1 to 10 crystals exist;

[0056] Level 2: 11 to 20 crystals are present;

[0057] Level 3: 21 to 50 crystals are present;

[0058] Level 4: more than half of the crystals;

[0059] Level 5: Round stones can be seen in the gallbladder with the naked eye.

[0060] The final cholesterol crystallization status of each group of mice is shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 Number of mice with different cholesterol crystallinity distributions (unit: mice)

[0062] Group Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Control group 10 0 0 0 0 0 Gallstone model group 0 0 0 0 2 8 Positive control group 1 9 0 0 0 0 Example 4 Sample 1 1 5 4 0 0 0 Example 4 Sample 2 2 5 3 0 0 0 Example 1 Sample 3 6 1 0 0 0 Example 4 Sample 3 3 7 0 0 0 0 Example 4 Sample 4 3 7 0 0 0 0 Example 4 Sample 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 .

[0063] As shown in Table 2, the cholesterol crystallization degree of the experimental group mice is much lower than that of the gallstone model group mice. The cholesterol crystallization degree of the gallstone model group mice reaches 8 levels of 5, and 2 levels of 4. The cholesterol crystallization degree of the experimental group mice is at level 2 and below, and compared with the positive control group (UDCA), the sample 1 and sample 2 of Example 4 described in this application and the sample group of Example 1 all contain level 2 mice, but decrease with the increase of N-methylpyrrolidone content in the extraction solvent. The sample groups 3-5 of Example 4 described in this application do not contain level 2 mice, and the level 0 mice increase with the increase of N-methylpyrrolidone content in the extraction solvent. It is proved that the Poria extract obtained by Example 1 and Example 4 samples 1-5 described in this application has a certain therapeutic effect on mouse gallstones.

[0064] Example 6 Effect of the Poria extract described in the present application on the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acid in mouse bile Bile samples stored at 20° C. were taken out, crushed, thawed, and used for the determination of cholesterol, phospholipids and total bile acid.

[0065] Cholesterol determination: An enzymatic total cholesterol determination kit (purchased from Shanghai Ke Ai Bo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used according to its instructions, and bile cholesterol was determined using a 3000 series semi-automatic biochemical analyzer.

[0066] Phospholipid determination: an enzyme colorimetric phospholipid determination kit (purchased from Shanghai Ke Ai Bo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used according to the instructions, and bile phospholipids were determined using a 3000 series semi-automatic biochemical analyzer.

[0067] Total bile acid determination: A total bile acid determination kit (purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used according to the instructions, and the total bile acid in bile was determined using a 3000 series semi-automatic biochemical analyzer.

[0068] The results of the above three measurements are shown in Table 3.

[0069] Table 3 Comparison of lipid components in mouse gallbladder bile

[0070] Group Cholesterol (mmol / L) Phospholipids (mmol / L) Bile acid (mmol / L) Control group 9.55±0.35 31.2±0.55 159.19±1.71 Gallstone model group 25.15±0.41 27.11±0.6 116.54±2.03 Positive control group 12.16±0.27 30.38±0.33 151.87±1.35 Example 4 Sample 1 23.94±0.43 28.76±0.63 130.63±0.44 Example 4 Sample 2 20.49±0.47 29.05±0.58 137.44±2.12 Example 1 Sample 15.08±0.59 29.42±0.31 141.98±1.81 Example 4 Sample 3 12.05±0.38 30.29±0.56 151.98±1.03 Example 4 Sample 4 11.71±0.53 30.34±0.59 152.7±0.73 Example 4 Sample 5 10.61±0.39 30.51±0.44 155.06±0.7 .

[0071] As shown in Table 3, compared with the gallstone model group, the cholesterol content of the gallbladder bile of the experimental group mice taking the Poria extract Example 1 and Example 4 Samples 1-5 described in this application for 2 weeks was reduced, and phospholipids and bile acids increased. The Poria extract of Example 4 Samples 3-5 described in this application is better than the positive control group (UDCA) for cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids. It shows that the Poria extract described in this application can effectively reduce the cholesterol content in the gallbladder bile of mice, increase the phospholipids and bile acid content in the bile, and help treat gallstones, especially Example 4 Samples 3-5, which are better than UDCA.

[0072] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Poria cocos extract, characterized in that The extraction process is as follows: Take Poria cocos diced, use ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent, reflux extraction, reduce pressure to recover the solvent to a certain volume, add ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent to dilute, pass through macroporous adsorption resin to remove impurities, collect the eluate, recover the solvent, and dry under reduced pressure to obtain Poria cocos extract.

2. The extract according to claim 1, characterized in that The volume ratio of ethanol to N-methylpyrrolidone in the mixed solvent is 1:0.1-1:10, preferably 1:2-1:

10.

3. The extract according to claim 1, characterized in that The steps of adsorbing and removing impurities by macroporous adsorption resin are as follows: using HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin, the adsorption flow rate is 1BV / h, the resin column diameter-to-height ratio is 1:9, the sample amount is 0.4g / mL based on the amount of raw medicinal materials, washing with water 5 times the resin volume, the impurity removal flow rate is 3BV / h, ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone, the volume ratio is 1:1, eluting 5 times the resin volume, the elution flow rate is 3BV / h, collecting the eluate, recovering the solvent, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the Poria cocos extract.

4. The extract according to claim 3, characterized in that The extraction process is as follows: Take 1kg of Poria cocos diced, use ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent, volume ratio of 1:1, 6L reflux extraction twice, each extraction for 1 hour, reduce pressure to recover the solvent to a certain volume, based on the amount of raw medicinal materials, make the solution concentration 0.3g / mL, add ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent, volume ratio of 1:1 for dilution, based on the amount of raw medicinal materials, make the solution concentration 0.1g / mL; pass through HPD-826 macroporous adsorption resin, adsorption flow rate 1BV / h, resin column diameter height ratio of 1:9, sample amount based on the amount of raw medicinal materials is 0.4g / mL, wash 5 times the volume of resin with water, impurity removal flow rate of 3BV / h, ethanol-N-methylpyrrolidone mixed solvent, volume ratio of 1:1, elution 5 times the volume of resin, elution flow rate is 3BV / h, collect the eluate, recover the solvent, and dry under reduced pressure to obtain Poria cocos extract.

5. The extract according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The content of total triterpenes of Poria cocos in the Poria cocos extract is 33.5%-81.4%.

6. The extract according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The total content of Poria cocos polysaccharide in the Poria cocos extract is 13.0%-63.1%.

7. Use of the extract as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for preparing a medicament for treating gallstones.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The drug plays a role in treating gallstones by reducing the cholesterol content in bile and increasing the phospholipid and bile acid content.

9. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The Poria cocos extract is further added with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to prepare tablets, capsules, granules or other oral solid forms.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include fillers, disintegrants, glidants, lubricants, and coating agents.