Method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali soil. A method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: ploughing a shallow layer to loosen soil, spreading a soil conditioner on the surface of the soil, deeply ploughing and uniformly mixing; straw or crop stubbles are laid, and salt in the surface soil is dissolved and infiltrated into the deep soil through natural rainfall in summer; applying an acid-rich organic fertilizer and straw biochar, and performing deep ploughing and uniform mixing; sowing alkali-resistant mung bean varieties and performing field management. The soil conditioner is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, the water retention and ventilation functions of the alginic acid-based polymer, the microbial habitat environment of the biochar and the structure strengthening and pH adjusting effects of the gypsum or the limestone can be integrated, mineral substances in the gypsum and the limestone can be slowly released into the soil, the pH value is adjusted, and the saline-alkali soil is improved. Meanwhile, the soil structure and nutrient supply of the mung beans are improved through combined action with the alginic acid-based polymer and the biochar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and in particular to a method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali soil. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with excessive soluble salt in the soil, which causes changes in its physical, chemical and biological properties, thus affecting plant growth. Specifically, when the salt concentration in the soil exceeds a certain limit, it will inhibit the plant's absorption of water and nutrients, thereby affecting the normal growth of crops and even causing their death.

[0003] The binding force between soil particles in saline-alkali land is weak, and it is easy to form a compacted layer. The soil has poor water retention and aeration, which affects water penetration and root expansion. The nutrient effectiveness in saline-alkali land is low, which is not conducive to the reproduction of soil microorganisms and is difficult to meet the needs of crop growth. Traditional improvement methods often rely on the use of large amounts of chemical reagents or irrigation water, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of water resources. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land.

[0005] A method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: (1) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 15-20 cm to loosen the soil, spread the soil conditioner evenly on the soil surface, and deep tillage to 20-30 cm; (2) Washing and draining salt: Lay 5-10 cm thick straw or crop residues on the ground as a cover, and use natural rainfall in summer to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil; (3) Fertilizer modification: Apply acid-rich organic fertilizer and straw biochar together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix deeply to 20-30 cm; (4) Planting mung beans: Choose alkali-resistant mung bean varieties, disinfect and coat the seeds before sowing; sow in rows or holes, with row spacing of 30-40 cm and plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and control the depth to 3-5 cm; thin out and transplant seedlings in time after emergence, and keep 1-2 healthy seedlings in each hole; Water the plants at the right time and in the right amount according to soil moisture and weather conditions; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to the growth stage of mung beans and soil nutrient conditions; and carry out pest and disease control; Wherein, the preparation method of the soil conditioner is: ① Add gypsum or limestone powder into the sodium alginate solution and stir evenly to form a mixed slurry; ② Take the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles and spray the mixed slurry evenly on the surface of the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to ensure that each particle is fully covered; ③ Soaking the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry in a calcium chloride solution for 10-20 minutes to obtain a composite material; ④ Take out the cured composite material, wash it with distilled water, and dry the washed composite material at 40-60° C. until it is completely dry for use, thereby obtaining a soil conditioner.

[0006] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to gypsum or limestone is 1:0.5-1.

[0007] Furthermore, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 20-50 g / L, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 10-30 g / L.

[0008] Furthermore, the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles are prepared by crushing the seaweed raw materials, controlling the particle size to 1-3 mm, performing slow pyrolysis at 400-600° C., and introducing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria microbial agents.

[0009] Furthermore, the covering material is selected from at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, rice husk or leguminous plant residues.

[0010] Furthermore, the straw biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing straw at 300-700°C under anaerobic conditions.

[0011] Furthermore, the acid-rich organic fertilizer is an acidic organic fertilizer rich in organic acids, and the organic acids include citric acid and / or malic acid.

[0012] Furthermore, in the step (4) of planting mung beans, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is calcium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0013] Furthermore, in the step (4) of planting mung beans, foliar fertilizer is sprayed during the flowering and pod-setting stages of the mung beans to supplement trace elements.

[0014] Furthermore, the mung bean variety is one of tender green 7, Jilu 8 and Zhonglu 5.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention uses a soil conditioner to improve saline-alkali land, which can combine the water retention and ventilation functions of alginate-based polymers, the microbial habitat of biochar, and the structural strengthening and pH regulating effects of gypsum or limestone. The minerals in gypsum and limestone can be slowly released into the soil to adjust the pH value, and at the same time work together with alginate-based polymers and biochar to improve soil structure and mung bean nutrient supply.

[0016] 2. The present invention prepares a soil conditioner by causing a cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form a solid gel layer that is wrapped around the surface of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles. The biochar itself has a high porosity, and the gel layer further enhances its structural stability, increases the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and fixes gypsum or limestone inside or on the surface of the biochar particles to ensure that the conditioner can be evenly distributed when mixed in the soil. The gel layer can serve as a slow-release carrier for nutrients and improvement components, so that the effective ingredients in the gypsum or limestone are slowly released, the action time is prolonged, and the utilization rate is improved.

[0017] 3. The present invention utilizes the water-retaining and aeration properties of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar to keep the soil moist and promote root and microbial activity. Biochar provides an ideal habitat for microorganisms, promotes organic matter decomposition and nutrient circulation, and gypsum or limestone enhances soil structure, prevents compaction, improves aeration and water permeability, and stabilizes pH over a long period of time. The minerals and nutrients in the improver are gradually released through a slow-release system. Gypsum or limestone is combined with biochar to quickly reduce salt and maintain the improvement effect for a long time, forming a complete nutrient supply system to support the needs of crops at all growth stages and further improve soil fertility and health.

[0018] 4. The present invention uses acid-rich organic fertilizers to improve soil pH, promote the dissolution of insoluble minerals in the soil, and improve nutrient effectiveness. It uses straw biochar to provide a rich carbon source, promote soil microbial activity, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, form humus, further improve soil structure and nutrient circulation, improve soil health, and increase mung bean yield and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of the method for growing mung beans in saline-alkali soil adopted in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: (1) Preparation of soil conditioner: Add gypsum or limestone powder to 20-50 g / L sodium alginate solution and stir evenly to form a mixed slurry; According to the mass ratio of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to gypsum or limestone of 1:0.5-1, the mixed slurry is evenly sprayed on the surface of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to ensure that each particle is fully covered; The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry are placed in a 10-30 g / L calcium chloride solution and soaked for 10-20 minutes to form a solid gel layer wrapped around the surface of the biochar particles and fix gypsum or limestone inside or on the surface thereof to obtain a composite material; The cured composite material is taken out, washed with distilled water to remove excess calcium chloride and other impurities, and the washed composite material is dried at 40-60° C. until it is completely dry for standby use, thereby obtaining a soil conditioner; (2) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 15-20 cm to loosen the soil, spread the soil conditioner (700 kg / ha) evenly on the soil surface, and till deeply to 20-30 cm to mix; (3) Washing and draining salt: Lay 5-10 cm thick straw or crop residues on the ground as mulch. The mulch should be at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, rice husk or leguminous plant residues. Use natural rainfall in summer to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil. (4) Fertilizer modification: Apply acid-rich organic fertilizer (300 kg / ha) and straw biochar (200 kg / ha) together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix thoroughly to a depth of 20-30 cm. Acid-rich organic fertilizer is an acidic organic fertilizer rich in organic acids, including citric acid and / or malic acid. (5) Planting mung beans: Choose an alkali-resistant mung bean variety, one of the following: Tender Green No. 7, Ji Green No. 8, and Zhong Green No. 5. Disinfect and coat the seeds before sowing. Sow in rows or holes, with row spacing of 30-40 cm and plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and the depth of the hole should be 3-5 cm. Thin out and transplant seedlings in time after emergence, leaving 1-2 healthy seedlings in each hole. Water the plants at the right time and in the right amount according to soil moisture and weather conditions; spray fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and pod-setting stages of mung beans to supplement trace elements; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (86 kg / ha of urea, 180 kg / ha of calcium phosphate, 90 kg / ha of potassium sulfate); and carry out disease and pest control.

[0022] The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles are produced by crushing the seaweed raw materials to control the particle size to 1-3 mm, slowly pyrolyzing them at 400-600℃, and introducing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria microbial agents; straw biochar is produced by pyrolyzing straw at 300-700℃ under anaerobic conditions.

[0023] Example 1: In a coastal area, the soil sodium content is high, the pH value is alkaline, the conductivity is high, the vegetation is sparse, and the method for planting mung beans in high-sodium saline-alkali land includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of soil conditioner: Add gypsum powder to 20 g / L sodium alginate solution and stir to form a mixed slurry; according to the mass ratio of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to gypsum of 1:0.5, spray the mixed slurry evenly on the surface of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles; The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry were placed in a 10 g / L calcium chloride solution and soaked for 10 minutes, the cured composite material was taken out, washed with distilled water, and dried at 40°C until completely dry for later use; (2) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 15 cm to loosen the soil; spread the prepared soil conditioner evenly on the soil surface and till deeply to 20 cm to mix; (3) Washing and draining salt: Lay 5 cm thick wheat straw on the surface as a cover; use summer natural rainfall to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil; (4) Fertilizer modification: Apply acidic organic fertilizer rich in citric acid and straw biochar together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix deeply to 20 cm; (5) Planting mung beans: Select the tender green 7 mung bean variety and sterilize and coat the seeds before sowing; For row sowing, the row spacing is controlled at 30 cm, the plant spacing is controlled at 15 cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the depth is controlled at 3 cm; after the seedlings emerge, the seedlings are thinned and transplanted in time, and one healthy seedling is retained in each hole; Water in a timely and appropriate manner according to soil moisture; spray fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and pod-setting stages of mung beans to supplement trace elements; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and carry out disease and pest control.

[0024] Example 2: A mixed saline-alkali soil planting method for mung beans in an inland saline-alkali soil, where the soil contains high sodium and chloride, has a neutral to alkaline pH value, and has high electrical conductivity, comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of soil conditioner: Add limestone powder to 40 g / L sodium alginate solution and stir to form a mixed slurry; according to the mass ratio of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to limestone of 1:1, spray the mixed slurry evenly on the surface of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles; The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry were placed in a 20 g / L calcium chloride solution and soaked for 15 minutes, the cured composite material was taken out, washed with distilled water, and dried at 50°C until completely dry for later use; (2) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 20 cm to loosen the soil; spread the prepared soil conditioner evenly on the soil surface and till deeply to 30 cm to mix; (3) Washing and draining salt: Lay 8 cm thick corn stalks on the ground as a cover; use summer natural rainfall to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil; (4) Fertilizer modification: Apply acidic organic fertilizer rich in malic acid and straw biochar together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix deeply to 30 cm; (5) Planting mung beans: Select the mung bean variety Jilu No. 8 and sterilize and coat the seeds before sowing; Sow in holes, with row spacing controlled at 40 cm, plant spacing controlled at 20 cm, 3 seeds sown in each hole, and the depth controlled at 5 cm; after the seedlings emerge, thin out and transplant the seedlings in time, and keep 2 healthy seedlings in each hole; Water in a timely and appropriate manner according to soil moisture; spray fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and pod-setting stages of mung beans to supplement trace elements; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and carry out disease and pest control.

[0025] Example 3: A method for growing mung beans in a coastal saline-alkali land with a low soil pH (acidic) and moderate conductivity, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of soil conditioner: Add limestone powder to 50 g / L sodium alginate solution and stir to form a mixed slurry; according to the mass ratio of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to limestone of 1:0.8, spray the mixed slurry evenly on the surface of bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles; The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry were soaked in a 30 g / L calcium chloride solution for 20 minutes, and the cured composite material was taken out, washed with distilled water, and dried at 60°C until completely dry for use; (2) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 18 cm to loosen the soil; spread the prepared soil conditioner evenly on the soil surface and till deeply to 25 cm to mix; (3) Washing and draining salt: Lay rice husks 10 cm thick on the ground as a covering; use natural rainfall in summer to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil; (4) Fertilizer modification: Apply decomposed farmyard manure and straw biochar together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix them to a depth of 25 cm; (5) Planting mung beans: Select the tender green 7 mung bean variety and sterilize and coat the seeds before sowing; For row sowing, the row spacing is controlled at 35 cm, the plant spacing is controlled at 18 cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the depth is controlled at 4 cm; after the seedlings emerge, the seedlings are thinned and transplanted in time, and one healthy seedling is retained in each hole; Water in a timely and appropriate manner according to soil moisture; spray fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and pod-setting stages of mung beans to supplement trace elements; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and carry out disease and pest control.

[0026] The saline-alkali land mung bean planting method of Examples 1-3 was tested for the saline-alkali land improvement effect, including changes in soil conductivity, mung bean yield, and soil pH value; 1. Soil conductivity change test: 5 sampling points were evenly distributed in the experimental plot of each embodiment. Soil samples of two depth layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) were collected from each sampling point before soil improvement, during flowering, and at harvest. The collected soil samples were placed in sealed bags and the sampling time and location were clearly marked. The soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve, mixed in a ratio of 1:2.5 (soil: water), and the conductivity of the supernatant was measured using a standard conductivity meter after standing for 30 minutes.

[0027] 2. Mung bean yield test: Five small areas of 1 square meter were randomly selected as sample plots in the experimental plot of each embodiment, and the planting and management were carried out according to the requirements of the embodiment. The total mung bean yield in the sample plot was counted when the mung beans were harvested at maturity, and the weight was accurately weighed and recorded using an electronic scale to calculate the average yield (kg / ha) of each sample plot.

[0028] 3. Soil pH change test: Similarly, 5 sampling points were evenly distributed in the experimental plot of each embodiment. Soil samples of two depth layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) were collected from each sampling point before soil improvement, during flowering, and at harvest. The collected soil samples were placed in sealed bags and the sampling time and location were clearly marked. The soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve, mixed in a ratio of 1:2.5 (soil: water), and the pH value of the supernatant was measured using a standard pH meter after standing for 30 minutes.

[0029] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-3 performed well in reducing soil conductivity in saline-alkali land, increasing mung bean yield and adjusting pH value, which proves that the comprehensive improvement effect of the saline-alkali land mung bean planting method of the present invention is significant.

[0030] Table 1 Comparison of soil conductivity changes, mung bean yields and soil pH changes in different examples

[0031] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Soil improvement: Perform shallow tillage to a depth of 15-20 cm to loosen the soil, spread the soil conditioner evenly on the soil surface, and deep tillage to 20-30 cm; (2) Washing and draining salt: Lay 5-10 cm thick straw or crop residues on the ground as a cover, and use natural rainfall in summer to dissolve the salt in the surface soil and infiltrate it into the deep soil; (3) Fertilizer modification: Apply acid-rich organic fertilizer and straw biochar together as base fertilizer, and plough and mix deeply to 20-30 cm; (4) Planting mung beans: Choose alkali-resistant mung bean varieties, disinfect and coat the seeds before sowing; sow in rows or holes, with row spacing of 30-40 cm and plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and control the depth to 3-5 cm; thin out and transplant seedlings in time after emergence, and keep 1-2 healthy seedlings in each hole; Water the plants at the right time and in the right amount according to soil moisture and weather conditions; apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to the growth stage of mung beans and soil nutrient conditions; and carry out pest and disease control; Wherein, the preparation method of the soil conditioner is: ① Add gypsum or limestone powder into the sodium alginate solution and stir evenly to form a mixed slurry; ② Take the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles and spray the mixed slurry evenly on the surface of the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to ensure that each particle is fully covered; ③ Soaking the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles sprayed with the slurry in a calcium chloride solution for 10-20 minutes to obtain a composite material; ④ Take out the cured composite material, wash it with distilled water, and dry the washed composite material at 40-60° C. until it is completely dry for use, thereby obtaining a soil conditioner.

2. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles to gypsum or limestone is 1:0.5-1.

3. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 20-50 g / L, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 10-30 g / L.

4. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacteria-rich seaweed-based biochar particles are prepared by crushing seaweed raw materials to control the particle size to 1-3 mm, performing slow pyrolysis at 400-600° C., and introducing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria microbial agents.

5. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering material is selected from at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, rice husk or leguminous plant residues.

6. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing straw at a high temperature of 300-700° C. under anaerobic conditions.

7. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid-rich organic fertilizer is an acidic organic fertilizer rich in organic acids, and the organic acids include citric acid and / or malic acid.

8. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4) of planting mung beans, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is calcium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

9. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4) of planting mung beans, fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves during the flowering and pod-setting stages of the mung beans to supplement trace elements.

10. The method for planting mung beans in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mung bean variety is one of tender green No. 7, Jilu No. 8 and Zhonglu No. 5.

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