Ecological restoration method for hydraulic engineering construction

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction. According to the method, a polluted area with serious river water pollution in hydraulic engineering construction serves as a restoration area, and restoration of the polluted area comprises three aspects of river channel treatment, floodplain treatment and terrace treatment. When desilting treatment is carried out in river channel treatment, the extracted sludge is filtered through a mesh screen; on one hand, garbage which is difficult to degrade can be removed through filtering; and on the other hand, the filtered sludge is flatly laid on the trimmed floodplain and can be used as waste materials for planting plants, so that the effective utilization of the waste materials is realized. Meanwhile, during terrace treatment, herbs, arbors and shrubs are used for being matched with plant laying measures, a comprehensive vegetation system is established, and the diversity of river ecological landscapes is achieved. According to the invention, a zoning treatment form is adopted; the self-purification capacity of the river channel can be effectively improved, the pollution problem of the river channel is solved, and ecological restoration is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy ecological restoration, and in particular relates to an ecological restoration method used in the construction of water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] Water conservancy projects refer to projects built by humans to regulate and utilize the natural hydrological environment and realize the comprehensive utilization of water resources. In the course of human history, water conservancy projects have always been an important means for humans to resist disasters and floods, solve drinking water problems, and ensure food security. At the same time, water conservancy projects have also played a huge role in promoting human economic and social development.

[0003] The research and development of water conservancy projects can bring more and better benefits to mankind. The construction of water conservancy projects not only plays a vital role in flood control and power generation, but also brings great benefits to mankind in irrigation and water transportation. However, with the rapid development of society, the construction of various water conservancy projects and human activities have an impact on the natural hydrological cycle of the earth, the safety of the water environment, and the health of the ecosystem. In the current process of urbanization, the construction of water conservancy projects has become more frequent, which inevitably aggravates the environmental pollution of rivers, soil, etc. For example, excessive reclamation, construction waste, domestic waste, and low vegetation coverage have led to serious problems such as river pollution and soil erosion. Moreover, as the sewage discharged from life increases, more and more garbage and silt are deposited at the bottom of the river; while polluting the environment, it will also raise the river, causing adverse effects on the water conservancy and water potential of the river.

[0004] Therefore, under the current premise of promoting the construction of ecological civilization, it is crucial to achieve harmonious development between man and nature and carry out ecological restoration during the construction of water conservancy projects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction. The present invention takes the seriously polluted river water pollution areas in water conservancy project construction as restoration areas, and the polluted areas include water pollution areas caused by the accumulation of construction waste and domestic waste, eutrophication areas of water bodies, and silt deposition areas caused by garbage and sewage.

[0006] The present invention aims at the restoration of polluted areas, including three aspects: river channel treatment, floodplain treatment and terrace treatment; in the form of zoning management, all-round restoration of river channel ecology is achieved.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the steps taken by the present invention are as follows:

[0008] (1) River treatment:

[0009] S1: First, the pollutants on the surface of the river in the polluted area are salvaged; the pollutants include domestic garbage and aquatic plants and algae formed by eutrophication;

[0010] S2: Then, the bottom of the river channel is desilted; the silt at the bottom of the river channel is extracted, and the depth of the silt extraction is controlled to be 40-50 cm; the extracted silt is filtered through a mesh screen to remove large particles of stones and garbage; and the filtered silt is then collected;

[0011] S3: After the sludge is cleaned, add composite microbial agents to the bottom of the river. The composite microbial agents can further reduce harmful pollutants in the water and improve water quality;

[0012] The composite microbial agent comprises: a microbial agent and a carrier; wherein the microbial agent is composed of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria; wherein the weight ratio of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is: 2.5-3:1-3:0.5-1:2-4:1-1.5:0.5-2; the carrier comprises activated carbon and a porous microbial carrier;

[0013] (2) Floodplain treatment:

[0014] S1: First, pollutants are cleaned from the floodplain around the river in the polluted area, and then the floodplain is repaired; the repair includes stone cleaning and land leveling; the pollutants include domestic garbage;

[0015] S2: spreading the filtered sludge collected in step (1) on the repaired floodplain, and planting Alternanthera serrata on the floodplain;

[0016] (3) Terrace treatment: Planting herbs, trees and shrubs between terraces to establish a comprehensive vegetation system that not only stabilizes the soil but also improves the river landscape and achieves the goal of ecological restoration.

[0017] Preferably, the pore size of the mesh in S2 of step (1) is 1-2 cm.

[0018] Preferably, the concentration of the microbial agent in step (1) S3 is not less than 10 7 cfu / g;

[0019] Preferably, the dosage of the composite microbial agent in S3 of step (1) is 55-65 ppm.

[0020] Preferably, the planting method in S2 of step (2) is cutting; the row spacing and spacing of the Alternanthera are both 50 cm.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), the spacing between the trees is 5 to 10 m, the spacing between the shrubs is 120 to 150 cm, and the spacing between the herbs is 50 to 100 cm.

[0022] Preferably, the herbs in step (3) include reed, cattail and alternator.

[0023] Preferably, the trees in step (3) include metasequoia, poplar and yew.

[0024] Preferably, the shrubs in step (3) include Pittosporum tobira, Rosa rugosa and Osmanthus fragrans.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The present invention aims at the restoration of polluted areas during the construction of water conservancy projects, including three aspects: river channel treatment, river floodplain treatment and terrace treatment, and realizes ecological restoration in the form of zoning management;

[0027] When desilting the river, the extracted sludge is filtered through a mesh screen with a pore size of 1-2 cm; it can separate the plastic bottles, glass bottles, garbage bags and other non-degradable garbage in the sludge. The filtered sludge is spread on the repaired floodplain and can be used as waste for plant planting, realizing the effective utilization of waste.

[0028] Moreover, now Alternanthera is planted in river floodplains. It not only has strong adaptability to the environment and is easy to survive, but also has high application value. It can be used as a medicinal material itself and also has the function of improving the soil.

[0029] Finally, when treating the terraces, we used a combination of herbs, trees and shrubs to establish a comprehensive vegetation system. The growth and spread of vegetation roots strengthened the slope soil and achieved the diversity of the river's ecological landscape. This not only achieved the purpose of soil consolidation and ecological restoration, but also improved the river landscape and enhanced the overall ecological benefits.

[0030] In summary, through the restoration of the present invention, the self-purification ability of the river can be effectively improved and the pollution problem of the river can be solved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the present invention description will also be obvious to those skilled in the art. The reagents and microorganisms used in this example are all commercially available;

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] Select the river channel polluted during the construction of water conservancy projects for ecological restoration. The specific steps are as follows:

[0037] (1) River treatment:

[0038] S1: First, the pollutants on the surface of the river in the polluted area are salvaged; the pollutants include domestic garbage and algae formed on the surface of the river due to eutrophication;

[0039] S2: Then, the bottom of the river channel is desilted; the silt at the bottom of the river channel is extracted, and the depth of the silt extraction is controlled to be 40 or 50 cm; the extracted silt is filtered through a mesh screen, and the aperture of the mesh screen is 2 cm; large particles of stones and garbage are filtered out; and the filtered silt is then collected;

[0040] S3: After the sludge is cleaned, add composite microbial agents to the bottom of the river. The composite microbial agents can further reduce harmful pollutants in the water and improve water quality;

[0041] The composite microbial agent comprises: a microbial agent and a carrier; wherein the microbial agent is composed of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria; wherein the weight ratio of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is: 2.5:2:1:2:1.5:2;

[0042] The concentration of the microbial agents was 1×10 8 cfu / g; the carrier is a porous microbial carrier;

[0043] The dosage of the composite microbial agent is 60ppm.

[0044] (2) Floodplain treatment:

[0045] S1: First, clean up the pollutants and remove domestic garbage from the floodplains around the polluted river channels; then, repair the floodplains, remove rocks, and level the land;

[0046] S2: Then, the sludge collected and filtered in step (1) is spread on the repaired floodplain, and Alternanthera is planted on the floodplain by cuttings; wherein the row spacing and spacing of Alternanthera are both 50 cm.

[0047] (3) Terrace treatment: Plant herbs, trees and shrubs on the terraces; the herbaceous plant is still Alternanthera, with a spacing of 50 cm; the tree is Metasequoia, with a spacing of 5 m; the shrub is Pittosporum tobira, with a spacing of 150 cm; a comprehensive vegetation system is established by combining herbs, trees and shrubs to strengthen the slope soil through the growth and spread of vegetation roots, thus achieving the diversity of the river ecological landscape; it can not only achieve the purpose of soil consolidation and ecological restoration, but also improve the river landscape and enhance the comprehensive ecological benefits.

[0048] Comparative Example 1:

[0049] River water in the polluted area before ecological restoration.

[0050] Repair inspection:

[0051] After 2 and 4 months of the water ecological restoration method of Example 1, the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved oxygen (COD) of the water quality were measured, and the chromaticity and appearance transparency of the water were observed, and the water before treatment was used as the control group; the results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1 Water body inspection results:

[0053]

[0054] It can be seen from the above results that after treatment with the method of the present invention, the appearance and color of the water body have been significantly improved which can be seen by the naked eye, and the dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents have been effectively reduced; the self-purification capacity of the river channel has been effectively improved, the water quality of the river channel has been improved, and the pollution problem of the river channel has been solved.

[0055] Note: The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; therefore, although this specification has described the present invention in detail with reference to the above embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents; and all technical solutions and improvements thereof that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) River treatment: S1: First, the pollutants on the surface of the river in the polluted area are salvaged; the pollutants include domestic garbage and aquatic plants and algae formed by eutrophication; S2: Then, the bottom of the river channel is desilted; the silt at the bottom of the river channel is extracted, and the depth of the silt extraction is controlled to be 40-50 cm; the extracted silt is filtered through a mesh screen to remove large particles of stones and garbage; and the filtered silt is then collected; S3: After the sludge is cleaned, add composite microbial agents to the bottom of the river. The composite microbial agents can further reduce harmful pollutants in the water and improve water quality; The composite microbial agent comprises: a microbial agent and a carrier; wherein the microbial agent is composed of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria; wherein the weight ratio of actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is: 2.5-3:1-3:0.5-1:2-4:1-1.5:0.5-2; the carrier comprises activated carbon and a porous microbial carrier; (2) Floodplain treatment: S1: First, pollutants are cleaned from the floodplain around the river in the polluted area, and then the floodplain is repaired; the repair includes stone cleaning and land leveling; the pollutants include domestic garbage; S2: spreading the filtered sludge collected in step (1) on the repaired floodplain, and planting Alternanthera serrata on the floodplain; (3) Terrace treatment: Planting herbs, trees and shrubs between terraces to establish a comprehensive vegetation system that not only stabilizes the soil but also improves the river landscape and achieves the goal of ecological restoration.

2. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore size of the mesh in S2 of step (1) is 1-2 cm.

3. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the microbial agent in step (1) S3 is not less than 10 7 cfu / g.

4. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of the composite microbial agent in S3 of step (1) is 55-65 ppm.

5. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method in S2 of step (2) is cutting; the row spacing and spacing of the Alternanthera are both 50 cm.

6. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the spacing between the trees is 5 to 10 meters, the spacing between the shrubs is 120 to 150 cm, and the spacing between the herbs is 50 to 100 cm.

7. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that The herbs described in step (3) include reed, cattail and alternator.

8. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trees in step (3) include metasequoia, poplar and yew.

9. The ecological restoration method for water conservancy project construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shrubs described in step (3) include Pittosporum tobira, rose and costusroot.

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