Graded tunneling system and method for treating boulder-containing complex geological conditions

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel shield tunneling, in particular to a graded tunneling system and method for processing boulder-containing complex geological conditions, and the graded tunneling system comprises a shield main body tunneling assembly, a real-time tunneling signal acquisition assembly, a boulder signal self-sending detection assembly and a self-adaptive tunneling assembly, the shield main body tunneling assembly comprises a shield main body, a cutter head and a tunneling control chamber, the self-adaptive tunneling assembly comprises a stress adaptation unit, a first-stage cutter, a second-stage cutter and a blasting component, pressure signals in tunneling are collected in real time and uploaded to the tunneling control chamber, and returned knocking fluctuation signals are received and uploaded to the tunneling control chamber; the tunneling control room adjusts the tunneling state in real time by processing and analyzing the received signals, and adaptively adjusts the tunneling strategy according to boulders under different conditions; the under-pressure bin opening frequency is reduced, and the danger of constructors is reduced; the cutter abrasion is reduced, the tunneling efficiency is improved, and the defects of boulder measures in traditional construction are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel shield, and in particular to a hierarchical excavation system and method for processing complex geological conditions containing boulders. Background Art

[0002] As a major construction method for urban subway tunnel construction, shield construction technology faces more and more challenges from complex geological conditions. In coastal areas, the main problem is that the local boulders in the excavation section are difficult to remove. How to effectively solve this problem has become the focus of attention in the engineering community. Boulders will have certain impacts on shield construction, such as ① boulders are generally strong and have a destructive effect on the shield cutterhead and cutter; ② shield construction in the boulder area is prone to uneven force, and the shield posture is difficult to control; ③ boulders near the periphery of the excavation line will squeeze the shield, causing the shield to deviate from the axis direction; ④ The location and size of the boulders are uncertain, and there are many ways to deal with them. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the cost, construction period, and effect, and propose a reasonable plan.

[0003] Traditional construction measures to deal with boulders mainly include the following aspects: ① Drilling holes on the ground to remove the boulders, using rotary drilling rigs, full-rotation drilling rigs and other equipment to directly drill the boulders from the ground; ② Drilling and crushing; ③ Directly taking underground blasting measures.

[0004] However, in the actual construction process, traditional methods have not completely solved the excavation problem under complex geological conditions with boulders. For example, method ① has a slow construction period and high cost, and is only suitable for a small number of small boulders. It is not advisable for areas with a large number of boulders. Method ② is easy to cause drill rod breakage in dealing with boulders, and the treatment of boulders is uneven and incomplete, so it is rarely used in construction. Method ③ directly adopts blasting treatment, which delays the construction period, and the amount of explosives is difficult to control. Insufficient explosives cannot achieve the expected effect, and excessive explosives will damage nearby buildings. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graded excavation system and method for dealing with complex geological conditions containing boulders, adaptively adjust the excavation strategy according to boulders in different situations, reduce tool wear, reduce the frequency of opening and changing tools, increase the daily excavation volume, and solve the problem of insufficient measures for dealing with boulders in traditional construction.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders, comprising a shield main body tunneling assembly, wherein the shield main body tunneling assembly comprises a shield main body, a cutterhead and a tunneling control room, wherein the cutterhead is fixedly connected to the shield main body, the tunneling control room is located inside the shield main body, and further comprises a real-time tunneling signal acquisition assembly, a self-transmitting boulder detection signal assembly and an adaptive tunneling assembly;

[0007] The adaptive tunneling component includes a stress adaptation unit, a primary cutter, a secondary cutter and a blasting component. The stress adaptation unit is fixedly connected to the cutter disc, the primary cutter is connected to the stress adaptation unit and is located on the side of the stress adaptation unit away from the cutter disc, the secondary cutter is fixedly connected to the cutter disc and is located on the side of the cutter disc close to the primary cutter, the blasting component is connected to the shield body, the real-time signal acquisition component is connected to the shield body, and the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is connected to the shield body.

[0008] Wherein, the blasting component comprises a telescopic drill rod and explosives, wherein the telescopic drill rod is fixedly connected to the shield body and is located inside the shield body; the explosives are located at the tail of the telescopic drill rod.

[0009] Among them, the real-time excavation signal acquisition component includes a pressure sensor and a signal acquisition chamber, and the pressure sensors are fixed at the bottom of the first-level cutter and the second-level cutter respectively; the signal acquisition chamber is located inside the shield body and is respectively connected to the pressure sensor and the excavation control room.

[0010] Among them, the self-transmitting rock detection signal component includes a power storage unit, a knocking shell, a knocking head and a knocking plate, the knocking shell is fixedly connected to the shield body and is located inside the shield body; one side of the power storage unit is fixedly connected to the knocking shell, and the other side is connected to the knocking head, and the power storage unit is located inside the knocking shell; the knocking plate is fixedly connected to the knocking shell and is located inside the knocking shell.

[0011] Among them, the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component also includes a receiving plate and a knocking signal receiver. The receiving plate is fixedly connected to the shield body and is located inside the shield body; the knocking signal receiver is located inside the receiving plate.

[0012] A hierarchical excavation method for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders comprises the following steps:

[0013] When the shield machine is excavating, the excavation control room controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detects the position, shape and size of the boulder by knocking the wave signal. The excavation control room controls the excavation state of the shield machine according to the detection result;

[0014] During the excavation process, the pressure sensor collects pressure data and transmits the pressure data to the signal acquisition room. The signal acquisition room analyzes and processes the data and transmits the processing results to the excavation control room. The excavation control room adjusts the excavation status of the shield machine in real time according to the processing results.

[0015] The tunneling control room controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detects the position, shape and size of the boulder by knocking the wave signal. The steps also include:

[0016] The power storage unit is released, so that the striking head impacts the striking plate in the striking shell, generating a striking wave signal;

[0017] The knock wave signal propagates forward. When the knock wave signal encounters a boulder, part of the knock wave signal propagates in the reverse direction of the shield body after reflection. The receiving plate contains a knock signal receiver inside, which receives the knock wave signal propagating in the reverse direction and uploads it to the tunneling control room.

[0018] The excavation control room determines the position, shape and size of the boulder by receiving the knocking wave signal.

[0019] Wherein, the tunneling control room adjusts the tunneling state of the shield machine in real time according to the processing result, and the step further includes:

[0020] The primary cutter cuts the soil. When encountering a boulder, the stress adaptation unit senses excessive pressure and drives the primary cutter to retract backward until the secondary cutter starts cutting the boulder. The secondary cutter is mainly used to cut the rock.

[0021] When encountering a very hard boulder, the working efficiency of the secondary cutter decreases. At this time, the telescopic drill rod drills a hole at a designated position of the boulder, and sends the tail explosive into the boulder to blast the boulder.

[0022] The present invention discloses a hierarchical tunneling system and method for processing complex geological conditions containing boulders. The shield main body is the main structure of the shield machine. The cutterhead is fixed on the shield main body, and its main functions include: excavation function, stabilization function, stirring function, tool fixing, tool switching and adjustment, etc. The real-time tunneling signal acquisition component acquires the pressure signal in tunneling in real time, and then uploads it to the tunneling control room. The self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is used to send a knocking wave signal and receive the returned knocking wave signal, and then upload it to the tunneling control room. The tunneling control room adjusts the tunneling state in real time by processing and analyzing the received signal, controls the operation of the primary cutter, the secondary cutter and the blasting component, wherein the primary cutter is used to cut soil, the secondary cutter is mainly used to cut rock, and the blasting component blasts the boulders. Thus, the tunneling strategy is adaptively adjusted for boulders in different situations; the number of pressure openings is reduced, and the danger to construction personnel is reduced; the tool wear is reduced, the tunneling efficiency is improved, and the shortcomings of traditional construction measures for dealing with boulders are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the primary excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the secondary excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-stage excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a front view of the shield machine excavation face according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a step diagram of a method for handling graded excavation under complex geological conditions containing boulders according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a step diagram of the tunneling control room of the second embodiment of the present invention controlling the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detecting the position, shape and size of the boulder by knocking the wave signal.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a step diagram of the tunneling control room of the second embodiment of the present invention adjusting the tunneling state of the shield machine in real time according to the processing results.

[0032] In the figure: 101-shield body, 102-cutterhead, 103-tunneling control room, 104-stress adaptation unit, 105-first-level cutter, 106-second-level cutter, 107-telescopic drill rod, 108-explosive, 109-pressure sensor, 110-signal acquisition room, 111-power storage unit, 112-knocking shell, 113-knocking head, 114-knocking plate, 115-receiving plate, 116-knocking signal receiver, 117-signal transmission cable, 118-knocking fluctuation signal, 119-boulder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] The first embodiment of the present application is:

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 5 ,in, Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the primary excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the secondary excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-stage excavation state of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 It is a front view of the tunneling face of the shield machine of the first embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders: it includes a tunneling assembly of a shield main body 101, a real-time tunneling signal acquisition assembly, a self-transmitting boulder detection signal assembly and an adaptive tunneling assembly, the tunneling assembly of the shield main body 101 includes a shield main body 101, a cutter head 102 and a tunneling control room 103, the adaptive tunneling assembly includes a stress adaptation unit 104, a primary cutter 105, a secondary cutter 106 and a blasting component, the blasting component includes a telescopic drill rod 107 and explosives 108, the real-time tunneling signal acquisition assembly includes a pressure sensor 109 and a signal acquisition room 110, and the self-transmitting boulder detection signal assembly includes a power storage unit 111, a knocking shell 112, a knocking head 113, a knocking plate 114, a receiving plate 115 and a knocking signal receiver 116.

[0036] According to this specific embodiment, the tunneling assembly of the shield body 101 includes a shield body 101, a cutterhead 102 and a tunneling control room 103. The cutterhead 102 is fixedly connected to the shield body 101, and the tunneling control room 103 is located inside the shield body 101. The shield body 101 is the main structure of the shield machine, and the remaining components are mainly inside the shield body 101. The cutterhead 102 is one of the key components of the shield machine, and its main functions include: excavation function, stabilization function, stirring function, tool fixing, tool switching and adjustment, etc. The cutterhead 102 is fixed on the shield body 101, and the tunneling control room 103 is connected to the signal transmission cable 117. The tunneling control room 103 adjusts the tunneling status in real time by processing and analyzing the tunneling signal transmitted by the signal transmission cable 117.

[0037] Among them, the stress adaptation unit 104 is fixedly connected to the cutter disc 102, the primary cutter 105 is connected to the stress adaptation unit 104 and is located on the side of the stress adaptation unit 104 away from the cutter disc 102, the secondary cutter 106 is fixedly connected to the cutter disc 102 and is located on the side of the cutter disc 102 close to the primary cutter 105, the blasting component is connected to the shield body 101, the real-time signal acquisition component is connected to the shield body 101, and the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is connected to the shield body 101. The stress adaptation unit 104 is fixed on the cutter head 102, and is mainly used to sense the stress of the primary cutter 105 when cutting soil and boulders 119, and can adaptively adjust its own length to change the relative position of the primary cutter 105 and the secondary cutter 106. The primary cutter 105 is fixed on the stress adaptation unit 104, and is mainly used to cut soil. When encountering boulders 119, due to the high strength of boulders 119, the stress adaptation unit 104 will shrink after sensing excessive pressure, driving the primary cutter 105 to shrink backward until the secondary cutter 106 starts to cut the boulders 119. The secondary cutter 106 is fixed on the cutter head 102, and is mainly used to cut rock. When the primary cutter 105 is compressed, its position is flush with the secondary cutter 106 or behind the secondary cutter 106. At this time, the secondary cutter 106 begins to bear force and cuts the boulders 119.

[0038] Secondly, the telescopic drill rod 107 is fixedly connected to the shield body 101 and is located inside the shield body 101; the explosive 108 is located at the tail of the telescopic drill rod 107. The explosive 108 is fixed at the tail of the telescopic drill rod 107, and its function is to break, split, and disintegrate the boulder 119 through the energy generated by the explosion of the explosive 108. When encountering very hard boulders 119, the working efficiency of the secondary cutter 106 decreases and the tool wears seriously. At this time, the explosive 108 is needed to assist the secondary cutter 106 to complete the excavation work. In addition, it is necessary to strictly control the maximum amount of detonation according to factors such as the size, location, strength and surrounding environment of the boulder 119 to ensure the safety of blasting construction. The telescopic drill rod 107 is fixed in the shield body 101. The tail of the telescopic drill rod 107 contains the explosive 108. Its main function is that when the working efficiency of the secondary cutter 106 decreases or the tool is severely worn, the telescopic drill rod 107 drills a hole at a designated position of the boulder 119 and delivers the explosive 108 at its tail into the boulder 119 to blast the boulder 119.

[0039] At the same time, the pressure sensor 109 is fixed to the bottom of the primary cutter 105 and the secondary cutter 106 respectively; the signal collection room 110 is located inside the shield body 101, and is connected to the pressure sensor 109 and the excavation control room 103 respectively. The pressure sensor 109 is fixed to the bottom of the primary cutter 105 and the secondary cutter 106. When the primary cutter 105 and the secondary cutter 106 are excavating, the pressure sensor 109 senses the pressure of the cutter in real time and transmits it to the signal collection room 110 through the signal transmission cable 117. The signal transmission cable 117 establishes a connection between the pressure sensor 109 and the signal collection room 110, a connection between the signal collection room 110 and the tunneling control room 103, and a connection between the tunneling control room 103 and the telescopic drill rod 107; the signal collection room 110 is inside the shield body 101, and mainly collects the signal transmitted from the pressure sensor 109 through the signal transmission cable 117, and transmits it to the tunneling control room 103 after analysis.

[0040] In addition, the striking shell 112 is fixedly connected to the shield body 101 and is located inside the shield body 101; one side of the power storage unit 111 is fixedly connected to the striking shell 112, and the other side is connected to the striking head 113, and the power storage unit 111 is located inside the striking shell 112; the striking plate 114 is fixedly connected to the striking shell 112 and is located inside the striking shell 112. The power storage unit 111 is fixed inside the striking shell 112, one side is connected to the striking shell 112, and the other side is connected to the striking head 113. The function of the power storage unit 111 is to provide the striking head 113 with energy to impact the striking plate 114. The knocking shell 112 is fixed inside the shield body 101. The knocking shell 112 includes the power storage unit 111, the knocking head 113 and the knocking plate 114. The knocking shell 112 integrates the self-transmitting signal system for detecting the boulder 119 inside, which plays a role in protecting the knocking system. The knocking head 113 is connected to the power storage unit 111 on the left side and has no connection on the right side. Its function is to convert the elastic potential energy stored in the power storage unit 111 into energy, and impact the knocking plate 114, and send out a knocking wave signal 118, which is used to detect the position, shape and size of the boulder 119. The right side of the knocking plate 114 is fixed inside the knocking shell 112, and the left side is in an empty state, which is used to receive the impact of the knocking head 113 and generate a knocking wave signal 118.

[0041] Finally, the receiving plate 115 is fixedly connected to the shield body 101 and is located inside the shield body 101; the knocking signal receiver 116 is located inside the receiving plate 115. The receiving plate 115 is fixed inside the shield body 101, and contains the knocking signal receiver 116 inside, which is mainly used to fix the knocking signal receiver 116. The knocking signal receiver 116 is fixed inside the receiving plate 115, and is mainly used to receive the knocking wave signal 118. Specifically, when the knocking head 113 hits the knocking plate 114 to generate the knocking wave signal 118, the knocking wave signal 118 propagates forward. When the knocking wave signal 118 encounters the boulder 119, part of the knocking wave signal 118 is reflected and propagated in the reverse direction of the shield body 101. The main function of the receiving plate 115 is to receive the knocking wave signal 118 propagating in the reverse direction. The signal is then uploaded to the excavation control room 103 , which determines the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 based on the received signal.

[0042] A hierarchical excavation system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders is used in this embodiment. When the shield machine is excavating, the excavation control room 103 inside the shield main body 101 controls the excavation state, and the excavation control room 103 controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component through the signal transmission cable 117. The left side of the knocking head 113 in the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is connected to the power storage unit 111, and the elastic potential energy of the power storage unit 111 is released and converted into kinetic energy, and the knocking head 113 is used to impact the knocking plate 114 in the knocking shell 112. The left side of the knocking plate 114 is in an empty state, which is used to receive the impact of the knocking head 113 and generate a knocking wave signal 118. When the striking head 113 hits the striking plate 114 to generate a striking wave signal 118, the striking wave signal 118 propagates forward. When the striking wave signal 118 encounters a boulder 119, part of the striking wave signal 118 is reflected and propagates in the reverse direction of the shield body 101. The receiving plate 115 contains the striking signal receiver 116, which is mainly used to receive the striking wave signal 118 propagating in the reverse direction. The knocking wave signal 118 is uploaded to the tunneling control room 103, and the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 are detected by the knocking wave signal 118. Then the tunneling control room 103 controls the tunneling state according to the detection result. Among them, there are three levels of tunneling states in the tunneling process of the shield machine. The first level tunneling state is mainly the cutting of soil by the first level cutter 105, the second level tunneling state is mainly the cutting of the boulder 119 by the second level cutter 106, and the third level tunneling state is mainly drilling holes at the designated positions of the boulder 119 by the telescopic drill rod 107, and blasting the boulder 119 by the explosive 108. When the shield machine is in the process of tunneling, the pressure collected by the pressure sensor 109 at each level is transmitted to the signal collection room 110 through the signal transmission cable 117, and after analysis and processing, it is transmitted to the tunneling control room 103 through the signal transmission cable 117, and the tunneling control room 103 adjusts the tunneling state in real time through the signal transmission cable 117. Among them, the primary cutter 105 is used to cut soil. When encountering a boulder 119, the stress adaptation unit 104 will shrink after sensing excessive pressure, driving the primary cutter 105 to shrink backward until the secondary cutter 106 starts to cut the boulder 119. The secondary cutter 106 is fixed on the cutter disc 102 and is mainly used to cut rock. When encountering a very hard boulder 119, the working efficiency of the secondary cutter 106 decreases and the tool wear is serious. At this time, the explosive 108 is needed to assist the secondary cutter 106 to complete the excavation work. The telescopic drill rod 107 drills a hole at the designated position of the boulder 119, and sends the explosive 108 at its tail into the boulder 119 to blast the boulder 119.Adaptively adjust the excavation strategy for isolated rocks 119 in different situations; reduce the number of openings under pressure, reduce the danger to construction workers; reduce tool wear, improve excavation efficiency, and solve the shortcomings of existing construction.

[0043] The second embodiment of the present application is:

[0044] Based on the first embodiment, please refer to Figures 6 to 8 ,in, Figure 6 It is a step diagram of a method for handling graded excavation under complex geological conditions containing boulders according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a step diagram of the tunneling control room 103 of the second embodiment of the present invention controlling the self-sending boulder detection signal component to start up and detecting the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 by the knocking wave signal 118. Figure 8 The step diagram of the tunneling control room 103 of the second embodiment of the present invention adjusting the tunneling state of the shield machine in real time according to the processing results. The hierarchical tunneling method for processing complex geological conditions containing boulders in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0045] S201: When the shield machine is excavating, the excavation control room 103 controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detects the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 by knocking the wave signal 118. The excavation control room 103 controls the excavation state of the shield machine according to the detection result;

[0046] S2011: releasing the power storage unit 111, so that the striking head 113 strikes the striking plate 114 in the striking shell 112, generating a striking wave signal 118;

[0047] S2012: The knocking wave signal 118 propagates forward. When the knocking wave signal 118 encounters a boulder 119, part of the knocking wave signal 118 propagates in the reverse direction of the shield body 101 after being reflected. The receiving plate 115 contains a knocking signal receiver 116, which receives the knocking wave signal 118 propagating in the reverse direction and uploads it to the excavation control room 103.

[0048] S2013: The excavation control room 103 determines the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 by receiving the knocking wave signal 118.

[0049] Specifically, when the shield machine is excavating, the excavation control room 103 inside the shield main body 101 controls the excavation state, and the excavation control room 103 controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component through the signal transmission cable 117. The left side of the knocking head 113 in the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is connected to the power storage unit 111, and the elastic potential energy of the power storage unit 111 is released and converted into kinetic energy, and the knocking head 113 is used to impact the knocking plate 114 in the knocking shell 112. The left side of the knocking plate 114 is in an empty state, which is used to receive the impact of the knocking head 113 and generate a knocking wave signal 118. When the striking head 113 hits the striking plate 114 to generate a striking wave signal 118, the striking wave signal 118 propagates forward. When the striking wave signal 118 encounters a boulder 119, part of the striking wave signal 118 is reflected and propagates in the reverse direction of the shield body 101. The receiving plate 115 contains the striking signal receiver 116, which is mainly used to receive the striking wave signal 118 propagating in the reverse direction. The knocking wave signal 118 is uploaded to the excavation control room 103, and the position, shape and size of the boulder 119 are detected by the knocking wave signal 118. Then the excavation control room 103 controls the excavation state according to the detection result. Among them, the shield machine excavation process is divided into three levels of excavation states. The first level excavation state is mainly the first-level cutting tool 105 cutting the soil, the second-level excavation state is mainly the second-level cutting tool 106 cutting the boulder 119, and the third level excavation state is mainly to drill a hole at the designated position of the boulder 119 by the telescopic drill rod 107, and use the explosive 108 to blast the boulder 119.

[0050] S202: During the excavation process, the pressure sensor 109 collects pressure data and transmits the pressure data to the signal acquisition room 110. The signal acquisition room 110 analyzes and processes the data and transmits the processing results to the excavation control room 103. The excavation control room 103 adjusts the excavation status of the shield machine in real time according to the processing results.

[0051] S2021: The primary cutter 105 cuts the soil. When encountering a boulder 119, the stress adaptation unit 104 senses excessive pressure and drives the primary cutter 105 to retract backward until the secondary cutter 106 starts cutting the boulder 119. The secondary cutting is mainly used to cut the rock mass.

[0052] S2022: When encountering a very hard boulder 119 , the working efficiency of the secondary cutter 106 decreases. At this time, the telescopic drill rod 107 drills a hole at a designated position of the boulder 119 , and delivers its tail explosive 108 into the boulder 119 to blast the boulder 119 .

[0053] Specifically, when the shield machine is in the process of excavation, the pressure collected by the pressure sensor 109 at each level is transmitted to the signal collection room 110 through the signal transmission cable 117, and after analysis and processing, it is transmitted to the excavation control room 103 through the signal transmission cable 117. The excavation control room 103 then adjusts the excavation state in real time through the signal transmission cable 117. Among them, the primary cutter 105 is used to cut the soil. When encountering a boulder 119, the stress adaptation unit 104 will shrink after sensing excessive pressure, driving the primary cutter 105 to shrink backward until the secondary cutter 106 starts to cut the boulder 119. The secondary cutter 106 is fixed on the cutter disc 102 and is mainly used to cut rock. When encountering a very hard boulder 119, the working efficiency of the secondary cutter 106 decreases and the tool wears seriously. At this time, the explosive 108 is needed to assist the secondary cutter 106 to complete the excavation work. The telescopic drill rod 107 drills a hole at a designated position of the boulder 119 , and delivers the explosive 108 at its tail into the boulder 119 to blast the boulder 119 .

[0054] Adaptively adjust the excavation strategy for isolated rocks 119 in different situations; reduce the number of openings under pressure, reduce the danger to construction workers; reduce tool wear, improve excavation efficiency, and solve the shortcomings of existing construction.

[0055] What is disclosed above is only one or more preferred embodiments of the present application, and cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application are still within the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders, comprising a shield main body tunneling assembly, wherein the shield main body tunneling assembly comprises a shield main body, a cutterhead and a tunneling control room, wherein the cutterhead is fixedly connected to the shield main body, and the tunneling control room is located inside the shield main body, and is characterized in that: It also includes a real-time excavation signal acquisition component, a self-transmitting rock detection signal component, and an adaptive excavation component; The adaptive tunneling component includes a stress adaptation unit, a primary cutter, a secondary cutter and a blasting component. The stress adaptation unit is fixedly connected to the cutter disc, the primary cutter is connected to the stress adaptation unit and is located on the side of the stress adaptation unit away from the cutter disc, the secondary cutter is fixedly connected to the cutter disc and is located on the side of the cutter disc close to the primary cutter, the blasting component is connected to the shield body, the real-time signal acquisition component is connected to the shield body, and the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component is connected to the shield body.

2. The hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting component comprises a telescopic drill rod and explosives. The telescopic drill rod is fixedly connected to the shield main body and is located inside the shield main body; the explosives are located at the tail of the telescopic drill rod.

3. The hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time excavation signal acquisition component includes a pressure sensor and a signal acquisition chamber. The pressure sensors are fixed to the bottom of the primary cutter and the secondary cutter respectively. The signal acquisition chamber is located inside the shield body and is connected to the pressure sensor and the excavation control chamber respectively.

4. The hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-transmitting rock detection signal component includes a power storage unit, a knocking shell, a knocking head and a knocking plate. The knocking shell is fixedly connected to the shield body and is located inside the shield body; one side of the power storage unit is fixedly connected to the knocking shell, and the other side is connected to the knocking head, and the power storage unit is located inside the knocking shell; the knocking plate is fixedly connected to the knocking shell and is located inside the knocking shell.

5. The hierarchical tunneling system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The self-transmitting boulder detection signal component also includes a receiving plate and a knocking signal receiver. The receiving plate is fixedly connected to the shield body and is located inside the shield body; the knocking signal receiver is located inside the receiving plate.

6. A method for handling graded excavation under complex geological conditions containing boulders, applicable to the graded excavation system for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the shield machine is excavating, the excavation control room controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detects the position, shape and size of the boulder by knocking the wave signal. The excavation control room controls the excavation state of the shield machine according to the detection result; During the excavation process, the pressure sensor collects pressure data and transmits the pressure data to the signal acquisition room. The signal acquisition room analyzes and processes the data and transmits the processing results to the excavation control room. The excavation control room adjusts the excavation status of the shield machine in real time according to the processing results.

7. The hierarchical excavation method for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunneling control room controls the self-transmitting boulder detection signal component to start, and detects the position, shape and size of the boulder by knocking the wave signal. The steps also include: The power storage unit is released, so that the striking head impacts the striking plate in the striking shell, generating a striking wave signal; The knock wave signal propagates forward. When the knock wave signal encounters a boulder, part of the knock wave signal propagates in the reverse direction of the shield body after reflection. The receiving plate contains a knock signal receiver inside, which receives the knock wave signal propagating in the reverse direction and uploads it to the tunneling control room. The excavation control room determines the position, shape and size of the boulder by receiving the knocking wave signal.

8. The hierarchical excavation method for handling complex geological conditions containing boulders according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunneling control room adjusts the tunneling state of the shield machine in real time according to the processing result, and the step further includes: The primary cutter cuts the soil. When encountering a boulder, the stress adaptation unit senses excessive pressure and drives the primary cutter to retract backward until the secondary cutter starts cutting the boulder. The secondary cutter is mainly used to cut the rock. When encountering a very hard boulder, the working efficiency of the secondary cutter decreases. At this time, the telescopic drill rod drills a hole at a designated position of the boulder, and sends the tail explosive into the boulder to blast the boulder.

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