Functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of coreius guichenoti and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of coreius guichenoti and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feeds, the functional feed formula comprises the following components by weight: 84% of a protein feed, 8.2% of an energy feed, 1.8% of a phagostimulant, 1.5% of a mineral premix, 1.5% of a vitamin premix, 1.6% of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% of choline chloride and 0.2% of ascorbic acid. According to the functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of coreius guichenoti and the preparation method of the functional feed formula, nutritional requirements of ovarian development of coreius guichenoti under artificial propagation can be met, gonad development of coreius guichenoti can be effectively improved, and the situation that coreius guichenoti cannot lay eggs and hatch smoothly due to reduction of habitats and spawning sites can be relieved; a series of problems that the number of natural resources of coreius guichenoti is reduced can be solved, and the method has high popularization and application value for promoting large-scale artificial breeding of coreius guichenoti.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed, in particular to a functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of roundmouth copper fish and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The round-mouthed copper fish, commonly known as water-dense fish or round-mouthed fish, is a unique fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. As an important aquatic biological resource, the round-mouthed copper fish has a wide range of application value in research fields such as genetics, evolutionary biology and ecology. In recent years, with the continuous development of breeding technology, the breeding scale of round-mouthed copper fish has gradually expanded, and the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly feed has also increased. Realizing large-scale artificial breeding of round-mouthed copper fish and artificially increasing and releasing them has become one of the inevitable choices for protecting and restoring its population resources.

[0003] At present, the number of round-mouthed copper fish natural resources is declining due to the reduction of habitats and spawning grounds, and the lack of nutrition during the development of the gonads of female fish, which makes it impossible to lay eggs and hatch them smoothly. The nutritional status of broodstock has a great impact on the amount of eggs laid by female fish and the quality of eggs, which in turn affects the fertilization rate and hatching rate. Nutritional fortification of broodstock can help improve their reproductive performance. High-quality round-mouthed copper fish feed is a prerequisite for successful artificial breeding. A higher level of feed protein is conducive to the synthesis of vitellogenin and promotes the development of fish gonads. The nutrients in conventional high-protein compound feeds are usually designed to meet the growth needs of fish, but it is difficult to fully meet the needs of normal gonadal development.

[0004] Therefore, while feeding a high-protein content compound feed, other nutrients are added in a targeted manner or supplemented with natural bait to meet the gonadal development of the round-mouthed copper fish. Therefore, we propose a functional feed for the ovarian development of the round-mouthed copper fish to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and a preparation method thereof, by adjusting the round-mouthed copper fish breeding feed and optimizing the feed formula to compensate for the difficulty of gonadal development in round-mouthed copper fish artificial breeding, and by nutritionally strengthening the round-mouthed copper fish, the reproductive performance is improved. The research and development of the feed formula provides strong technical support for the large-scale artificial breeding of round-mouthed copper fish and the preparation of broodstock feed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish, comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

[0007] Protein feed 84%, energy feed 8.2%, attractant 1.8%, mineral premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 1.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 1.6%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, choline chloride 0.2%, ascorbic acid 0.2%.

[0008] Furthermore, the protein feed includes casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour; the weight percentages of the casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour in the functional feed are respectively 15% casein, 22.5% squid meal, 23.5% domestic fish meal, 9% fermented soybean meal and 14% wheat flour.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy feed comprises fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin, and the weight percentages of the fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin in the functional feed are respectively 0.6% of fish oil, 0.6% of soybean oil and 7% of soybean lecithin.

[0010] Furthermore, the attractant includes glycine and betaine, and the attractant is prepared by using glycine: betaine=1:3.

[0011] Furthermore, the mineral premix includes CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O; the weight of CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O per kilogram of functional feed are 2mgCuSO4, 50mgZnSO4, 6mgMnSO4, 40mgFeSO4, 1.6mgCa(IO3)2, 0.2mgNa2SeO3, 0.2mgCoCl2·5H2O and 80mgMgSO4·H2O respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the vitamin premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol, the vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol in each kilogram of functional feed are 500000.0IU vitamin A, 3100000.0IU vitamin D, 2mg vitamin E, 1.0mg vitamin K, 20mg vitamin B1, 33mg vitamin B2, 0.27mg vitamin B 12 , 20mg vitamin B6, 80mg calcium pantothenate, 90mg niacinamide, 7mg folic acid and 180mg inositol.

[0013] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Take casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, attractant, mineral premix, vitamin premix, microcrystalline cellulose, 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride and ascorbic acid, and sieve casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour through a 30-mesh sieve respectively;

[0015] S2. Weigh casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, vitamin premix, mineral premix, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin according to the proportion of raw materials in functional feed formula;

[0016] S3, preliminarily mixing the weighed vitamin premix, mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin to obtain a preliminary mixture;

[0017] S4, putting the weighed casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour into a blender and stirring and mixing them evenly, after stirring evenly, putting the preliminary mixture in S3 into the blender and stirring them evenly;

[0018] S5. Weigh fish oil and soybean oil according to the ratio of the functional feed formula raw materials, mix them well and put them into a blender to mix well;

[0019] S6, adding water, the weight of which is 1%-3% of the weight of the prepared feed, and adding steam at the same time, so that the temperature of the feed mixture reaches 60°C-80°C, and continuing to stir evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0020] S7, take a pelletizer, use the pelletizer to make the mixture in S6 into pelletized feed pellets, after the pelletizing is completed, the temperature of 60°C-80°C should be maintained for 15-20 minutes;

[0021] S8. Dehydrating and cooling with cold air to make the moisture content of the pellets 10%-12%. After the pellet temperature drops to room temperature, a functional feed suitable for the ovary development of round-mouth copper fish is prepared.

[0022] Furthermore, the serum-containing culture medium in C1 is prepared by adding 90 mL of DMEM / F12 culture medium, 10 mL of serum, 0.25 g of NaHCO 3 and 0.1 mL of antibiotics to every 100 mL of culture medium, which is also filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and stored at 4° C.

[0023] Furthermore, the particle size of the feed particles in S7 is 1-3 mm, and the length of the feed particles in S7 is 2-5 mm.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and the preparation method thereof. Due to the use of relatively high-content squid meal and domestic fish meal, the feed protein source of the invention is high-quality, the nutrients and protein substances in the feed are significantly increased, and the nutritional composition is more reasonable; by adding moderate content of wheat flour and casein, the feed can be made sticky but not too hard, and the water-resistant time is long, and the loss of nutrients is reduced; by using fermented soybean meal, macromolecules such as crude fiber and crude protein in the feed raw materials can be decomposed or converted, various anti-nutritional factors and other harmful substances in the feed raw materials can be reduced, the intestinal burden of round-mouthed copper fish can be reduced, and the digestion and absorption of feed by round-mouthed copper fish can be improved; the feed formula of the invention is scientific and reasonable, the nutrients and protein substances are significantly increased, the nutritional composition is more reasonable, the ovarian development of the raised round-mouthed copper fish is good, and the spawning reproduction rate can be effectively promoted.

[0026] 2. The functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and the preparation method thereof. The soybean lecithin of the present invention can provide energy and nutrients, improve feed properties, and promote lipid metabolism. The soybean lecithin does not contain cholesterol, and the nutrients provided are more conducive to the absorption and utilization of aquatic animal larvae, and reduce the dissolution loss of water-soluble trace elements such as vitamins and minerals; the soybean lecithin of the present invention has a strong aroma, can improve the palatability of the feed, can increase the appetite and food intake of round-mouthed copper fish, and induce round-mouthed copper fish to eat; it plays an important role in the development of reproductive organs such as ovaries, and further promotes the gonadal development of round-mouthed copper fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a control experiment diagram of the effect of phospholipid feed on the ovarian development of round-mouth copper fish, according to a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouth copper fish and a preparation method thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] See also Figure 1A functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish in this embodiment includes the following components in percentage by weight:

[0031] Protein feed 84%, energy feed 8.2%, attractant 1.8%, mineral premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 1.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 1.6%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, choline chloride 0.2%, ascorbic acid 0.2%.

[0032] Specifically, the protein feed includes casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour; the weight percentages of casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour in the functional feed are respectively 15% casein, 22.5% squid meal, 23.5% domestic fish meal, 9% fermented soybean meal and 14% wheat flour.

[0033] Specifically, the energy feed comprises fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin, and the weight percentages of fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin in the functional feed are respectively 0.6% of fish oil, 0.6% of soybean oil and 7% of soybean lecithin.

[0034] Specifically, the attractant includes glycine and betaine, and the attractant is prepared by using glycine: betaine=1:3.

[0035] Specifically, the mineral premix includes CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O; the weight of CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O per kilogram of functional feed are 2mgCuSO4, 50mgZnSO4, 6mgMnSO4, 40mgFeSO4, 1.6mgCa(IO3)2, 0.2mgNa2SeO3, 0.2mgCoCl2·5H2O and 80mgMgSO4·H2O respectively.

[0036] Specifically, the vitamin premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol in each kilogram of functional feed are 500000.0IU vitamin A, 3100000.0IU vitamin D, 2mg vitamin E, 1.0mg vitamin K, 20mg vitamin B1, 33mg vitamin B2, 0.27mg vitamin B 12, 20mg vitamin B6, 80mg calcium pantothenate, 90mg niacinamide, 7mg folic acid and 180mg inositol.

[0037] Embodiment 2:

[0038] See also Figure 1 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish comprises the following preparation steps:

[0039] S1. Take casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, attractant, mineral premix, vitamin premix, microcrystalline cellulose, 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride and ascorbic acid, and sieve casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour through a 30-mesh sieve respectively;

[0040] S2. Weigh casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, vitamin premix, mineral premix, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin according to the proportion of raw materials in functional feed formula;

[0041] S3, preliminarily mixing the weighed vitamin premix, mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin to obtain a preliminary mixture;

[0042] S4, putting the weighed casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour into a blender and stirring and mixing them evenly, after stirring evenly, putting the preliminary mixture in S3 into the blender and stirring them evenly;

[0043] S5. Weigh fish oil and soybean oil according to the ratio of the functional feed formula raw materials, mix them well and put them into a blender to mix well;

[0044] S6, adding water, the weight of which is 1%-3% of the weight of the prepared feed, and adding steam at the same time, so that the temperature of the feed mixture reaches 60°C-80°C, and continuing to stir evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0045] S7, take a pelletizer, use the pelletizer to make the mixture in S6 into pelletized feed pellets, after the pelletizing is completed, the temperature of 60°C-80°C should be maintained for 15-20 minutes;

[0046] S8. Dehydrating and cooling with cold air to make the moisture content of the pellets 10%-12%. After the pellet temperature drops to room temperature, a functional feed suitable for the ovary development of round-mouth copper fish is prepared.

[0047] It should be noted that the particle size of the feed particles is 1-3 mm, and the length of the feed particles is 2-5 mm.

[0048] It should be noted that the effects of phospholipid feed on the reproductive performance of round-mouthed copper fish are shown in Table 1:

[0049] Table 1: Effects of phospholipid diet on reproductive performance of roundmouth copper fish

[0050]

[0051] Gonad index = gonad mass (g) / fish body mass (g) × 100%; egg carrying capacity = number of eggs per unit mass of ovary (eggs / g) × ovary mass (g); relative egg carrying capacity: number of eggs per unit body weight [number of eggs / kg (g)].

[0052] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] The functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and the preparation method thereof have high-quality feed protein sources, significantly increased nutrient substances and protein substances in the feed, and more reasonable nutritional composition due to the use of relatively high-content squid meal and domestic fish meal; by adding moderate-content wheat flour and casein, the feed can be made sticky but not too hard, with a long water-resistant time, and reduced nutrient loss; by using fermented soybean meal, macromolecules such as crude fiber and crude protein in the feed raw materials can be decomposed or converted, various anti-nutritional factors and other harmful substances in the feed raw materials can be reduced, the intestinal burden of the round-mouthed copper fish can be reduced, and the digestion and absorption of the feed by the round-mouthed copper fish can be improved; the feed formula of the invention is scientific and reasonable, the nutrient substances and protein substances are significantly increased, the nutritional composition is more reasonable, the ovarian development of the raised round-mouthed copper fish is good, and the spawning and reproduction rate can be effectively promoted.

[0054] The functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish and the preparation method thereof. The soybean lecithin of the invention can provide energy and nutrients, improve feed properties, and promote lipid metabolism; the soybean lecithin does not contain cholesterol, and the provided nutrients are more conducive to the absorption and utilization of aquatic animal larvae, and the dissolution loss of water-soluble trace elements such as vitamins and minerals is reduced; the soybean lecithin of the invention has a strong aroma, can improve the palatability of the feed, can increase the appetite and food intake of the round-mouthed copper fish, and induce the round-mouthed copper fish to eat; the soybean lecithin of the invention plays an important role in the development of reproductive organs such as ovaries, and further promotes the gonadal development of the round-mouthed copper fish.

[0055] The specific embodiments provided in the present invention are for clearer explanation. The relevant technical personnel may make reasonable modifications to the corresponding steps in the specific operation process according to the experimental conditions. The materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish, characterized in that: The composition includes the following weight percentages: Protein feed 84%, energy feed 8.2%, attractant 1.8%, mineral premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 1.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 1.6%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, choline chloride 0.2%, ascorbic acid 0.2%.

2. A functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protein feed comprises casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour; the weight percentages of the casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour in the functional feed are respectively 15% of casein, 22.5% of squid meal, 23.5% of domestic fish meal, 9% of fermented soybean meal and 14% of wheat flour.

3. A functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy feed comprises fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin, and the weight percentages of the fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin in the functional feed are respectively 0.6% of fish oil, 0.6% of soybean oil and 7% of soybean lecithin.

4. A functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attractant comprises glycine and betaine, and the attractant is prepared by using glycine:betaine=1:

3.

5. A functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral premix comprises CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O; the weight of CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, Ca(IO3)2, Na2SeO3, CoCl2·5H2O and MgSO4·H2O in each kilogram of functional feed are 2mgCuSO4, 50mgZnSO4, 6mgMnSO4, 40mgFeSO4, 1.6mgCa(IO3)2, 0.2mgNa2SeO3, 0.2mgCoCl2·5H2O and 80mgMgSO4·H2O respectively.

6. A functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol, the vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, folic acid and inositol in each kilogram of functional feed are 500000.0IU vitamin A, 3100000.0IU vitamin D, 2mg vitamin E, 1.0mg vitamin K, 20mg vitamin B1, 33mg vitamin B2, 0.27mg vitamin B 12 , 20mg vitamin B6, 80mg calcium pantothenate, 90mg niacinamide, 7mg folic acid and 180mg inositol.

7. A method for preparing a functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish, using the functional feed formula for improving the ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1. Take casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, attractant, mineral premix, vitamin premix, microcrystalline cellulose, 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride and ascorbic acid, and sieve casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour through a 30-mesh sieve respectively; S2. Weigh casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal, wheat flour, vitamin premix, mineral premix, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin according to the proportion of raw materials in functional feed formula; S3, preliminarily mixing the weighed vitamin premix, mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, attractant, microcrystalline cellulose, ascorbic acid and soybean lecithin to obtain a preliminary mixture; S4, putting the weighed casein, squid meal, domestic fish meal, fermented soybean meal and wheat flour into a blender and stirring and mixing them evenly, after stirring evenly, putting the preliminary mixture in S3 into the blender and stirring them evenly; S5. Weigh fish oil and soybean oil according to the ratio of the functional feed formula raw materials, mix them well and put them into a blender to mix well; S6, adding water, the weight of which is 1%-3% of the weight of the prepared feed, and adding steam at the same time, so that the temperature of the feed mixture reaches 60°C-80°C, and continuing to stir evenly to obtain a mixture; S7, take a pelletizer, use the pelletizer to make the mixture in S6 into pelletized feed pellets, after the pelletizing is completed, the temperature of 60°C-80°C should be maintained for 15-20 minutes; S8. Dehydrating and cooling with cold air to make the moisture content of the pellets 10%-12%. After the pellet temperature drops to room temperature, a functional feed suitable for the ovary development of round-mouth copper fish is prepared.

8. The method for preparing a functional feed formula for improving ovarian development of round-mouthed copper fish according to claim 7, characterized in that: The particle size of the feed particles in S7 is 1-3 mm, and the length of the feed particles in S7 is 2-5 mm.

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