Selenium-rich tea planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tea garden fertilization, and discloses a selenium-rich tea planting method which comprises the following steps: step 1, soil improvement: selenium-containing soil site selection is carried out; 2, preparing a fertilizer: preparing a compound selenium-rich fertilizer with high selenium content; step 3, application of selenium-rich fertilizer: applying the selenium-rich fertilizer according to a set selenium-rich fertilizer application ratio range in combination with the growth cycle of the tea trees; step 4, reasonable irrigation: adopting a spray irrigation mode, adding a selenium-rich solution with a set proportion into irrigation water, and monitoring soil humidity by using an online monitoring instrument at the same time; according to the tea planting method, the measures of selenium-rich soil selection, selenium-rich fertilizer application, selenium source fertilizer preparation and use, selenium-rich solution irrigation and scientific pruning are taken, the selenium content in the tea can be effectively increased, the selenium content in the tea can be effectively increased, the yield of the tea can be increased, and the yield of the tea can be increased. The problem of low selenium content of tea leaves is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tea garden fertilization, in particular to a method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves. Background Art

[0002] Selenium-enriched tea has attracted more and more attention from consumers due to its unique nutritional value and health benefits. Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body. Selenium deficiency in the human body can cause dysfunction of certain important organs and lead to many serious diseases. Selenium cannot be synthesized in the human body, so to meet the human body's demand for selenium, it is necessary to supplement selenium every day. The tea we drink in our lives contains many ingredients, mainly caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, choline, xanthine, flavonoids and glycoside compounds, tea tannins, catechins, terpenes, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, aromatic oil compounds, carbohydrates, multiple vitamins, proteins and amino acids. Amino acids include cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid, arginine, etc. Tea also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, fluorine, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, copper, germanium, magnesium and other minerals, which are of great benefit to the human body. With the improvement of people's living standards, the enhancement of health awareness and the rise of tea culture, people's demand for the quantity and quality of tea is gradually increasing and improving. Selenium-enriched tea on the market is very popular because of its good health care function. Therefore, how to increase the selenium content of tea has become an urgent problem to be solved. The current method is to apply fermented organic selenium fertilizer during the tea tree fertilization process to allow the tea tree to absorb selenium. The selenium content of tea leaves with one bud and one leaf picked after fertilization is 0.350μg / g, and the selenium content of tea leaves with one bud and two leaves is 0.424μg / g.

[0003] The present invention ferments selenium fertilizer and domestic fertilizer together, which firstly activates the activity of selenium, and secondly a large amount of domestic fertilizer wraps the selenium element, thereby protecting the selenium element from direct contact with the soil, thereby ensuring a high soluble selenium content, which is beneficial to the absorption by the root system of the tea tree. The planted tea leaves contain a certain amount of selenium, are easily absorbed by the human body, and are healthy to drink.

[0004] However, simply applying selenium fertilizer through fertilization does not necessarily guarantee that tea leaves can absorb and convert selenium. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for growing selenium-enriched tea leaves, which has the advantage of high selenium content in tea leaves and solves the problem of low selenium content in tea leaves.

[0006] (II) Technical solution To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for growing selenium-enriched tea leaves, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Soil improvement: Select a site with selenium-containing soil; Step 2, preparation of fertilizer: preparing a composite selenium-rich fertilizer with high selenium content; Step 3: Use of selenium-rich fertilizer: Apply the selenium-rich fertilizer according to the set fertilizer ratio range and in combination with the growth cycle of the tea tree; Step 4: Reasonable irrigation: Use sprinkler irrigation to add a set proportion of selenium-rich solution to the irrigation water, and use online monitoring instruments to monitor soil moisture; Step 5. Scientific pruning: Carry out scientific pruning regularly and strengthen disease and pest control.

[0007] Preferably, the conditions for selecting the site for selenium-containing soil in step 1 are: selecting soil rich in selenium for tea tree planting, the selenium content of the soil is measured to be greater than 0.20 mg / kg, and the soil pH is measured to be between 5-6.5.

[0008] Preferably, the application of selenium-rich fertilizer in step 1: in the early stage of planting, the tea planting soil is renovated by 50-65 cm, exposed to the sun for 10-15 days, fertilizer rich in organic matter is buried at a soil depth of 40-50 cm, and compost is decomposed, and Chinese milk vetch and alfalfa are planted at a lateral distance of 1.5-2 meters from the tea trees as green manure.

[0009] Preferably, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 20-22 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 10-13 parts of sodium selenate; 9-11 parts of sodium selenite; 14-16 parts of urea; 12-15 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.27-0.31 parts of borax; 0.5-1.1 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.15-0.21 parts of manganese fertilizer; and 14-18 parts of amino acid fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation process of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: adding sodium selenite and sodium selenate in formula weight parts to the organic fertilizer fermentation liquid, fermenting together with the organic fertilizer, the fermentation temperature is 38-42°C, the fermentation time is 10-15 days, after the fermentation is completed, adding urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer in formula weight parts, mixing evenly, to obtain the selenium source fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the use of selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: in the germination stage, the application amount is 150-200 kg per mu; in the sprouting stage, the application amount is 12-15 kg per mu; in the seedling stage, the application amount is 12-15 kg per mu; in the adult stage, the application amount is 20-25 kg per mu.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation process of the selenium-rich solution in step 4 is: 15-20 parts of humic acid and 4-7 parts of sodium selenite are evenly mixed to obtain the selenium-rich solution.

[0013] Preferably, in step 4, the ratio of irrigation water to selenium-rich solution is 20:1.

[0014] Preferably, when the soil moisture in step 4 reaches 60% to 75%, watering is stopped.

[0015] Preferably, the scientific pruning in step 5 is as follows: pruning is performed after the tea tree enters a dormant period to clean up the withered and diseased branches on the tea tree. The pruning height is determined according to the type, age and growth of the tea tree. Light pruning is performed by raising the original cut by 3-5 cm; deep pruning is performed by cutting off the thin and weak branches 10-15 cm above the crown.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for growing selenium-rich tea leaves, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention selects soil rich in selenium for tea tree planting, requiring the selenium content of the soil to be greater than 0.20 mg / kg and the soil pH value to be between 5-6.5, so that the selenium content of the tea leaves reaches 0.25, indicating that the appropriate selenium content and pH value are conducive to the retention of selenium content in the tea leaves.

[0017] 2. The present invention can effectively increase the selenium content in tea leaves by selecting soil rich in selenium, applying selenium-rich fertilizers, preparing and using selenium source fertilizers, irrigating with selenium-rich solutions, and taking scientific pruning measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a step diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , a method for growing selenium-enriched tea, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Soil improvement: Select a site with selenium-containing soil; Step 2, preparation of fertilizer: preparing a composite selenium-rich fertilizer with high selenium content; Step 3: Use of selenium-rich fertilizer: Apply selenium-rich fertilizer according to the set fertilizer ratio range and combine it with the growth cycle of tea trees to increase the selenium content in the soil; Step 4: Reasonable irrigation: Use sprinkler irrigation to add a set proportion of selenium-rich solution to the irrigation water to promote the absorption of selenium by the tea tree roots. At the same time, use online monitoring instruments to monitor soil moisture to avoid the impact of too much or too little water on the root absorption of selenium; Step 5. Scientific pruning: Carry out scientific pruning regularly to promote ventilation, light transmission and growth of tea trees, improve the quality of tea, strengthen disease and pest control, ensure the healthy growth of tea trees, and reduce competition and consumption of nutrients.

[0021] Specifically, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 20-22 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 10-13 parts of sodium selenate; 9-11 parts of sodium selenite; 14-16 parts of urea; 12-15 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.27-0.31 parts of borax; 0.5-1.1 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.15-0.21 parts of manganese fertilizer; 14-18 parts of amino acid fertilizer. Example 1

[0022] Specifically, the conditions for selecting a site for selenium-containing soil in step one are: selecting soil rich in selenium (such as soil near a selenium mining area) for tea tree planting, the selenium content of the soil is measured to be greater than 0.20 mg / kg, and the soil pH is measured to be between 5-6.5. Example 2

[0023] Specifically, the application of selenium-rich fertilizer in step one: in the early stage of planting, renovate the tea planting soil by 50-65 cm. After exposure to the sun for 10-15 days, fill the soil with fertilizer rich in organic matter (well-rotted compost: fully decomposed animal manure and plant residues) at a depth of 40-50 cm. Plant asparagus and alfalfa at a horizontal distance of 1.5-2 meters from the tea trees as green manure to improve soil fertility and microbial activity. Example 3

[0024] Specifically, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 20 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 12 parts of sodium selenate; 10 parts of sodium selenite; 15 parts of urea; 12 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 9 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.29 parts of borax; 0.9 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.19 parts of manganese fertilizer; and 15 parts of amino acid fertilizer. Example 4

[0025] Specifically, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 22 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 10 parts of sodium selenate; 11 parts of sodium selenite; 16 parts of urea; 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 11 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.31 parts of borax; 1.1 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.15 parts of manganese fertilizer; and 18 parts of amino acid fertilizer. Example 5

[0026] Specifically, the preparation process of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: add sodium selenite and sodium selenate in formula weight parts to the organic fertilizer fermentation liquid, ferment together with the organic fertilizer, the fermentation temperature is 38-42°C, the fermentation time is 10-15 days, after the fermentation is completed, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer in formula weight parts, mix well, and obtain selenium source fertilizer. Example 6

[0027] Specifically, the use of selenium-source fertilizer in step 2 is: 180 kg per mu in the budding stage; 15 kg per mu in the sprouting stage; 14 kg per mu in the seedling stage; and 25 kg per mu in the adult stage. By applying an appropriate amount of selenium-rich fertilizer at each growth node, it can be green fertilized, thereby reducing chemical residues to ensure the safety and health of the tea. Example 7

[0028] Specifically, the preparation process of the selenium-rich solution in step 4 is: 20 parts of humic acid and 7 parts of sodium selenite are mixed evenly to obtain a selenium-rich solution. Example 8

[0029] Specifically, in step 4, the ratio of irrigation water to selenium-enriched solution is 20:1. Example 9

[0030] Specifically, when the soil moisture reaches 65% in step 4, stop watering. Example 10

[0031] Specifically, scientific pruning in step five: pruning is carried out after the tea tree enters dormancy, and withered and diseased branches on the tea tree are cleaned up. The pruning height is determined according to the type, age and growth of the tea tree. Light pruning is to raise the original cut 4 cm above the original cut; deep pruning is to cut off the thin branches 14 cm above the crown.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 Specifically, choose fertile selenium-free soil and measure the soil pH between 5-6.5.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 Specifically, the application of selenium-rich fertilizer in step one: in the early stage of planting, the tea planting soil is renovated by 50-65 cm, and the tea trees are planted after being exposed to the sun for 10-15 days.

[0034] Comparative Example 3 Specifically, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 20 parts of ordinary fermentation broth; 12 parts of sodium selenate; 2 parts of sodium selenite; 15 parts of urea; 12 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 9 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.29 parts of borax; 0.9 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.19 parts of manganese fertilizer; 15 parts of amino acid fertilizer (the 20 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation broth in Example 1 are replaced with 20 parts of ordinary fermentation broth, and the 10 parts of sodium selenite are reduced to 2 parts).

[0035] Comparative Example 4 Specifically, the raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 22 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 10 parts of sodium selenate; 11 parts of sodium selenite; 6 parts of urea; 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 11 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.31 parts of borax; 1.1 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.15 parts of manganese fertilizer; 24 parts of amino acid fertilizer (reduce urea in Example 2 to 6 parts and increase amino acid fertilizer to 24 parts).

[0036] Comparative Example 5 Specifically, the preparation process of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: add sodium selenite and sodium selenate in formula weight parts to the organic fertilizer fermentation liquid, and then add urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer in formula weight parts, mix well, and obtain selenium source fertilizer.

[0037] Comparative Example 6 Specifically, the use of selenium source fertilizer in step 2: in the budding stage, the application amount is 200 kg per mu; in the adult stage, the application amount is 45 kg per mu.

[0038] Comparative Example 7 Specifically, the preparation process of the selenium-rich solution in step 4 is: 11 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of sodium selenite are mixed evenly to obtain a selenium-rich solution.

[0039] Comparative Example 8 Specifically, in step 4, the ratio of irrigation water to selenium-rich solution is 10:1.

[0040] Comparative Example 9 Specifically, when the soil moisture reaches 45% in step 4, stop watering.

[0041] Comparative Example 10 Specifically, scientific pruning in step 5: pruning is carried out after the tea tree enters the dormant period, and the withered and diseased branches on the tea tree are cleared. The pruning height is determined according to the type, age and growth of the tea tree. Light pruning is to raise the original cut by 1 cm and cut flat; deep pruning is to cut off the thin and weak branches 5 cm above the crown; The schemes formulated in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were put into use, and the selenium content of the tea leaves finally grown was compared, and the data are shown in Table 1: ; ; From Table 1 we can see that: In Example 1, selenium-rich soil is selected for tea planting. The selenium content of the soil is required to be greater than 0.20 mg / kg, and the soil pH value is between 5-6.5. Finally, compared with the selenium-free soil in Comparative Example 1, the selenium content of the tea is lower than that in Example 1. Therefore, it is indicated that the selenium-containing soil and its pH value have an impact on the effectiveness of selenium, and the appropriate selenium content and pH value are conducive to the retention of selenium content in tea.

[0042] In Example 2, the method of applying selenium-rich fertilizer includes renovating the soil and exposing it to the sun before planting, then filling fertilizer rich in organic matter at a soil depth of 40-50 cm, and planting Chinese milk vetch and alfalfa as green manure to improve soil fertility and microbial activity, while Comparative Example 2 only renovated the soil, resulting in the cultivated tea having a lower selenium content than that of Example 2. Therefore, the method of Example 2 helps to improve soil structure and increase the organic matter content in the soil, thereby increasing the biological effectiveness of selenium and increasing the selenium content in tea.

[0043] Examples 3 and 4 describe the specific formula and preparation process of selenium source fertilizers, which involve the mixed use of multiple chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. The ingredients contained in these formulas, such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, etc., are all common nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, while sodium selenite and sodium selenate provide selenium. Comparative Examples 3-4 have reduced the formula ingredients relative to Example 3-4, resulting in a lower selenium content in the cultivated tea leaves than in Example 3-4. Therefore, the formula fertilizer of Example 3-4 can provide a source of selenium in the tea leaves.

[0044] In Example 5, the preparation process of the selenium source fertilizer includes fermenting sodium selenite and sodium selenate together with an organic fertilizer fermentation liquid at a fermentation temperature of 38-42°C for 10-15 days, while the fertilizer of Comparative Example 5 is not fermented but directly mixed, resulting in a lower selenium content in the tea leaves than in Example 5. Therefore, the fermentation process of Example 5 helps to improve the bioavailability of selenium in the fertilizer.

[0045] Example 6 illustrates the amount of selenium source fertilizer applied at different growth stages, while in Comparative Example 6, although the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in the budding and adult stages was increased, no fertilizer was applied in the budding and seedling stages, resulting in chemical residues, and the selenium content of the tea leaves finally cultivated was lower than that in Example 6. Therefore, the scheme of Example 6 helps to ensure that tea trees can obtain appropriate selenium nutrition at each growth stage, thereby promoting healthy growth and reducing chemical residues.

[0046] Examples 7, 8 and 9 describe the preparation and irrigation methods of selenium-rich solutions, wherein the preparation process of the selenium-rich solution is: 20 parts of humic acid and 7 parts of sodium selenite are mixed evenly to obtain a selenium-rich solution, the ratio of irrigation water to the selenium-rich solution is 20:1, and watering is stopped when the soil moisture reaches 65%. In comparative examples 1, 8 and 9, the preparation process of the selenium-rich solution is: 11 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of sodium selenite are mixed evenly, the ratio of irrigation water to the selenium-rich solution is 10:1, and watering is stopped when the soil moisture reaches 45%. The final results show that the selenium content of tea in Examples 7-9 is higher than that in Comparative Examples 7-9, indicating that the method of the embodiment helps to keep the soil moderately moist and retain the effective ingredients of selenium, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of selenium.

[0047] The scientific pruning method mentioned in Example 10 is to prune the tea trees after they enter a dormant period to clean up withered and diseased branches to promote the healthy growth of the tea trees, and there is a set pruning range. In Comparative Example 10, the degree of pruning is reduced, resulting in the final cultivated tea leaves having a lower selenium content than that in Example 10. Therefore, appropriate pruning also affects the tea trees' absorption of selenium.

[0048] The above analysis shows that the selenium content of tea leaves in the examples is generally higher than that in the corresponding comparative examples, which indicates that the selenium content in tea leaves can be effectively increased by selecting soil rich in selenium, applying selenium-rich fertilizers, preparing and using selenium source fertilizers, irrigating with selenium-rich solutions, and scientific pruning.

[0049] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for planting selenium-enriched tea, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Soil improvement: Select a site with selenium-containing soil; Step 2, preparation of fertilizer: preparing a composite selenium-rich fertilizer with high selenium content; Step 3: Use of selenium-rich fertilizer: Apply the selenium-rich fertilizer according to the set fertilizer ratio range and in combination with the growth cycle of the tea tree; Step 4: Reasonable irrigation: Use sprinkler irrigation to add a set proportion of selenium-rich solution to the irrigation water, and use online monitoring instruments to monitor soil moisture; Step 5. Scientific pruning: Carry out scientific pruning regularly and strengthen disease and pest control.

2. A method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions for selecting the site for selenium-containing soil in step 1 are: selecting soil rich in selenium for tea tree planting, the selenium content of the soil is measured to be greater than 0.20 mg / kg, and the soil pH is measured to be between 5-6.

5.

3. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: Application of selenium-rich fertilizer in step 1: In the early stage of planting, the tea planting soil is renovated by 50-65 cm, exposed to the sun for 10-15 days, and fertilizer rich in organic matter is buried at a soil depth of 40-50 cm to make compost, and Chinese milk vetch and alfalfa are planted at a horizontal distance of 1.5-2 meters from the tea trees as green manure.

4. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 and their weight parts are: 20-22 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation liquid; 10-13 parts of sodium selenate; 9-11 parts of sodium selenite; 14-16 parts of urea; 12-15 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate; 0.27-0.31 parts of borax; 0.5-1.1 parts of zinc fertilizer; 0.15-0.21 parts of manganese fertilizer; and 14-18 parts of amino acid fertilizer.

5. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: adding sodium selenite and sodium selenate in formula weight parts to the organic fertilizer fermentation liquid, fermenting together with the organic fertilizer, the fermentation temperature is 38-42° C., and the fermentation time is 10-15 days. After the fermentation is completed, adding urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer in formula weight parts, mixing evenly, to obtain the selenium source fertilizer.

6. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The use of selenium source fertilizer in step 2 is: in the budding stage, the application amount is 150-200 kg per mu; in the sprouting stage, the application amount is 12-15 kg per mu; in the seedling stage, the application amount is 12-15 kg per mu; in the adult stage, the application amount is 20-25 kg per mu.

7. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the selenium-rich solution in step 4 is: 15-20 parts of humic acid and 4-7 parts of sodium selenite are evenly mixed to obtain the selenium-rich solution.

8. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the ratio of irrigation water to selenium-rich solution is 20:

1.

9. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil moisture reaches 60% to 75% in step 4, watering is stopped.

10. The method for planting selenium-enriched tea leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scientific pruning in step 5 is as follows: pruning is carried out after the tea tree enters dormancy, and withered and diseased branches on the tea tree are cleared away. The pruning height is determined according to the type, age and growth conditions of the tea tree. Light pruning is to raise the original cut by 3-5 cm and cut horizontally; deep pruning is to cut away the thin branches 10-15 cm above the crown.

Images