Method for recovering global paleostructural configuration by moving fault block data body

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and discloses a method for recovering global paleo-structural configuration by moving fault block data bodies, comprising: dividing the hanging wall fault block data body into a plurality of unit bodies along the direction perpendicular to the section; moving any unit body of the hanging wall fault block data body to the boundary of the section along the reverse direction of the sliding direction according to a step size; calculating the seismic feature similarity of the adjacent unit bodies on both sides of the section each time the unit body is moved, and selecting the position with the highest seismic feature similarity as the optimal position for moving the unit body; repeating the moving of the unit body until all the unit bodies of the hanging wall fault block data body are moved; and repeating the above steps until the fault block data body group in the multi-fault activity period is moved, so that the global paleo-structural configuration is obtained. The method can offset the changes caused by the rotational movement of the fault, and improve the accuracy and precision of the recovered paleo-structural configuration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. More particularly, the present application relates to a method for restoring global paleo-structural configuration by moving fault block data volume. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seismic data interpretation refers to determining the configuration and spatial position of geological structure according to seismic data, and inferring the lithology, thickness and interlayer contact relationship of strata.

[0003] The purpose of establishing a sequence stratigraphic framework is to form isochronous stratigraphic interfaces and determine the age correspondence of strata at different positions. The thickness of a stratum is determined by measuring the interval between the top and bottom surfaces. When a stratum has a fault, the fault plane separates two fault blocks and causes them to slide relative to each other. The fault plane can be flat and smooth, rough, or undulating. The top surfaces of the strata on both sides of the fault plane are misaligned with each other, and so are the bottom surfaces. The identification of the thickness of strata near the fault is disturbed by the fault plane, resulting in a large error and inaccurate understanding of the paleo-structural configuration.

[0004] The prior art uses seismic data to restore two-dimensional paleo-structure through two-dimensional balanced section technology, but cannot accurately restore three-dimensional paleo-structure.

[0005] In the prior art, only the hanging wall or foot wall of a fault can be moved on a two-dimensional seismic section to analyze the two-dimensional paleo-structural configuration. Therefore, this method can only solve the paleo-structural analysis of normal faults or reverse faults, but cannot restore the paleo-structure of strike-slip faults.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a scheme for rapid analysis of three-dimensional seismic data volume, which restores the three-dimensional paleo-structure of strata before the development of faults by moving fault block data volume, and restores the three-dimensional paleo-structural configuration of various faults before deformation, including normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve at least one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present application provides a method for restoring global paleo-structural configuration by moving fault block data volume, comprising: a first step of obtaining a three-dimensional seismic data volume and stratum horizon data and fault data; a second step of dividing the three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the stratum horizon data and the fault data to obtain a plurality of fault block data volume groups of faulting periods and their seismic reflection reference layers; a third step of selecting the fault block data volume group of the latest faulting period; a fourth step of selecting the most marginal fault plane on the fault block data volume group of the latest faulting period, determining the sliding direction of the hanging wall fault block data volume relative to the foot wall fault block data volume along the fault plane according to the similarity of seismic characteristics, and dividing the hanging wall fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes in a direction perpendicular to the fault plane; and a fifth step of sequentially calculating the coordinates of the center seismic data point O of each unit volumei moving each unit body to the boundary of the section in the direction opposite to the sliding direction by a step each time, calculating the seismic feature similarity between the unit body and the corresponding area on the other side of the section each time, and selecting the position where the center seismic data point of the unit body is located when the seismic feature similarity is the highest as the optimal coordinate position A of the moving i determining the moving vector of each unit body referencing the moving vector of all seismic data points on the unit body performing coordinate transformation until the moving of all unit bodies of the hanging wall fault block data body is completed; in the sixth step, performing smoothing processing, interpolation processing, stretching processing and compression processing on the seismic data on both sides of the section; in the seventh step, repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the moving of the hanging wall fault block data body of all sections of the fault block data body group in the latest fault activity period is completed, obtaining a new three-dimensional seismic data body, performing time-depth conversion, and flattening the seismic reflection reference layer to obtain the paleostructural configuration of the fault block data body group in the latest fault activity period before the fault activity; in the eighth step, repeating the third step to the seventh step to obtain the global paleostructural configuration before all fault activity periods.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the seismic feature similarity includes at least one of the similarity of the seismic wave event strike, the seismic wave velocity, the amplitude of the seismic reflection wave, the frequency of the seismic reflection wave, and the phase of the seismic reflection wave.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, the seismic feature similarity is obtained by image structural similarity.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, dividing the hanging wall fault block data body into a plurality of unit bodies in the direction perpendicular to the section includes dividing according to the similarity of the contour lines on a plurality of vertical sections.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the contour lines of the hanging wall fault block data body on a plurality of vertical sections are obtained; and the hanging wall fault block data body is divided into a plurality of unit bodies so that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit body is less than 10%.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present application, the deviation of the contour lines is calculated by at least one of the following methods: mean square error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hash algorithm.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present application, the unit bodies are equal in thickness.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present application, the hanging wall fault block data body is uniformly divided into a plurality of unit bodies according to a preset fixed width. Preferably, the fixed width is the distance between the survey lines.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the step length is set according to the interval between the top interface of the upper plate fault block data volume and the lower plate fault block data volume.

[0016] By dividing the fault block data volume into a plurality of isotropic unit volumes and moving the unit volumes in the reverse direction of the sliding direction, the real thickness, strike trend and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratum structure can be restored in the whole.

[0017] In the present application, the fault block data volume is moved in the reverse direction of the sliding direction, which is widely applicable to the restoration of paleostructure space of various faults including normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults.

[0018] In the present application, by dividing the upper plate fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes and moving the unit volumes in the reverse direction, the authenticity of the restored paleostructure can be improved.

[0019] In the present application, by analyzing the similarity of the seismic characteristics of the adjacent unit volumes on both sides of the fault surface, the authenticity and accuracy of the restored paleostructure can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present application will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic exploration system is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a method for moving fault block data volume to restore the overall paleostructure is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a fault is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of dividing the upper plate fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of moving the unit volumes in the reverse direction of the sliding direction is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] With reference to the drawings and the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present application.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" used in the specification and claims of the present application indicate the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0028] It should also be understood that the terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and claims of the present application, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification and claims of the present application means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations thereof, and includes these combinations.

[0029] As used in the specification and claims of the present application, the term "if" can be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detecting" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a described condition or event] is detected" can be interpreted to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [the described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [the described condition or event]" depending on the context.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Seismic exploration is a method of geophysical exploration that uses artificially excited seismic waves to locate mineral deposits and obtain engineering geological information. The basic principle is that an artificial seismic source is used to generate seismic waves, and when the seismic waves propagate in the rock, if they encounter the boundary surface of the rock layer, reflected waves or refracted waves are generated, and when the reflected waves or refracted waves return to the ground, recording instruments such as geophones are used to receive them, forming seismic data. Through analysis, processing and comprehensive interpretation of the seismic data, the buried depth and shape of the rock layer section where the seismic wave reflection or refraction occurs are determined, and accurate imaging of the underground geological structure is realized.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic exploration system is shown.

[0033] AsFigure 1 As shown in the figure, in the system 100, a plurality of geophones 110 for detecting seismic waves are arranged on the surface 101 of the exploration target area, forming a geophone array covering the target area in a plane. The geophones 110 are connected to a seismic information processing device through wired or wireless connection. A plurality of seismic sources 120 are also provided. The seismic information processing device can perform preliminary processing on seismic data. The working process of the three-dimensional seismic exploration system is as follows: artificial excitation of the seismic sources 120 at multiple positions generates seismic waves, which are reflected from the boundary of the stratum 102 and received by the geophone array to form seismic information collected in a plane and changing with time. The seismic information received by the geophone array represents some measure of seismic wave energy as a function of time, such as displacement, velocity, wave impedance, pressure, etc. These information can be grouped in different ways, such as traces, gathers, etc., and then processed or format-converted according to the corresponding relationship between time and space to form a three-dimensional data volume in the form of a three-dimensional array, which can also be said to be formed by spatially stacking interface points. Interpretation of the three-dimensional data volume can observe the morphology of the geological interface from different directions, and study the changes of geological bodies in three-dimensional space through cross-sectional, longitudinal sectional and horizontal slice.

[0034] As shown in the figure, Figure 1 In the stratum model, the stratum 102 contains a fault. As shown in the figure, Figure 1 A normal fault 103 and a reverse fault 104 are shown schematically. Fault refers to the phenomenon of relative displacement of strata along a fracture surface, which is a product of tectonic activity. Fault plays a very important role in the migration, accumulation or destruction of oil and gas, and has a very close relationship with the formation, distribution and enrichment of oil and gas reservoirs. Fault is composed of two important elements, namely, the relative motion of the upthrown block and the downthrown block, the relative motion of the stratum, the fault surface, or the upthrown block data volume and the downthrown block data volume, and the fault surface. According to the manifestation of relative motion of the fault, the fault can be divided into four categories: normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault and bedding fault.

[0035] Figure 2 The figure shows the steps of the method for restoring the global paleo-tectonic morphology of the moved block data volume.

[0036] As shown in the figure, Figure 2As shown, the method 200 for restoring the global paleo-structural configuration by moving the fault block data volume comprises: a first step S201 of obtaining a three-dimensional seismic data volume and stratum horizon data and fault data; a second step S202 of dividing the three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the stratum horizon data and the fault data to obtain a group of fault block data volumes in multiple faulting periods and seismic reflection reference layers thereof; a third step S203 of selecting a fault block data volume group in the latest faulting period; a fourth step S204 of selecting an edge fault surface on the fault block data volume group in the latest faulting period, determining a sliding direction of an upper-plate fault block data volume relative to a lower-plate fault block data volume along the fault surface according to seismic feature similarity, and dividing the upper-plate fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes in a direction perpendicular to the fault surface; a fifth step S205 of sequentially calculating a central seismic data point coordinate position O of each unit volume i moving each unit volume to the boundary of the fault surface in a direction opposite to the sliding direction according to a step length, respectively calculating seismic feature similarity of the unit volume and a corresponding region on the other side of the fault surface each time the unit volume is moved, and selecting a position where the central seismic data point of the unit volume is located when the seismic feature similarity is the highest as an optimal coordinate position A of the movement i determining a movement vector of each unit volume referencing the movement vector of all seismic data points on the unit volume performing coordinate transformation until the movement of all unit volumes of the upper-plate fault block data volume is completed; a sixth step S206 of performing smoothing processing, interpolation processing, stretching processing and compression processing on seismic data on both sides of the fault surface; a seventh step S207 of repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the movement of the upper-plate fault block data volume of all fault surfaces of the fault block data volume group in the latest faulting period is completed, obtaining a new three-dimensional seismic data volume, performing time-depth conversion, and flattening the seismic reflection reference layer to obtain a paleo-structural configuration of the fault block data volume group in the latest faulting period before faulting; and an eighth step S208 of repeating the third step to the seventh step to obtain a global paleo-structural configuration before all faulting periods

[0037] In the first step S201, the three-dimensional seismic data volume is obtained by a three-dimensional seismic exploration system in Figure 1 .

[0038] The stratum horizon data is a geometric configuration and mutual combination relationship of depositional sequence units in a basin, and is established by orderly incorporating contemporaneous strata into a time-stratigraphic framework of a relevant age for isochronous stratigraphic correlation.

[0039] The fault data is data containing information of positions and occurrences of faults. With the stratum horizon data and the fault data, information of positions of fault surfaces, occurrences of faults, and boundaries of faults can be directly read in the three-dimensional seismic data volume.

[0040] In the second step S202, the seismic data volume includes multiple faulting periods, each of which corresponds to a seismic reflection reference layer, and the restoration of the paleostructure is to perform layer flattening along the seismic reflection reference layer to obtain the paleostructure of the faulting period. Each faulting period fault block data volume set contains a fault surface and the fault blocks on both sides of the fault surface, which affect the restoration of the paleostructure.

[0041] In the third step S203, as the start of the loop step of processing the fault block data volume sets on both sides of each fault surface, the latest faulting period is selected each time, so as not to affect the restoration of the fault block data volume of the next period.

[0042] In the fourth step S204, in the fault block data volume set of each faulting period, when there are multiple fault surfaces, the edge surface is selected each time, so as to restore the fault block data volume on both sides of each fault surface in turn. In the present application, the moving direction of the fault block data volume is determined as the opposite direction of the sliding direction of the faulting. The sliding direction of the fault block data volume can be determined according to the seismic feature similarity between the fault block data volumes on both sides of the fault surface. When the fault surface is in a tilted state, the fault block data volume above the fault surface is the hanging wall, and the fault block data volume below the fault surface is the footwall. When the fault surface is in a vertical state, one side is optionally the hanging wall and the other side is the footwall.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present application, the seismic feature similarity includes at least one of the similarities of the seismic wave event trend, the seismic wave velocity, the seismic reflection wave amplitude, the seismic reflection wave frequency, and the seismic reflection wave phase. The seismic feature similarity is obtained by image structure similarity.

[0044] For example, the SSIM function is used,

[0045] wherein x and y represent the image features of the sections of the hanging wall fault block data volume and the footwall fault block data volume above the fault surface position respectively. x μ y is the average value of y, is the variance of x, is the variance of y, xy is the covariance of x and y. C1 and C2 are constants used to maintain stability. The value range of the structure similarity is -1 to 1. When the two images are exactly the same, the value of the SSIM is equal to 1.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present application, in determining the sliding direction, the occurrence of the scratch on the fault plane can also be obtained. The observation of the scratch lineation on the fault plane is a simple method to determine the sliding direction. Most of the scratches develop on the fault plane, and the occurrence of the scratch can reveal the sliding direction. Generally, the occurrence of the scratch can be controlled by four parameters: the fault plane tendency, the fault plane dip, the side-dip angle of the scratch lineation on the fault plane, and the total displacement of the fault sliding. In determining the occurrence of the fault plane, the possible changes of the fault occurrence along the strike and along the tendency should be fully considered. For example, if the fault plane is relatively flat and the fault line is well exposed, the occurrence of the fault plane can be determined according to the "V" shape rule of the fault line. The occurrence of the hidden fault is mainly determined by the geometric mapping method according to the drilling data. The geophysical data can also help determine the occurrence of the fault plane. The associated and derived small structures of the fault can also help determine the occurrence of the fault.

[0047] In the fourth step S204, if the fault block data body is moved as a whole, the restored paleo-structural pattern can be inaccurate. For example, due to the difference in the development conditions of the strata, the same strata still have different thicknesses and irregular interfaces. When the fault is restored, if the whole sliding method is used, it can lead to the situation that part of the interface is aligned and the remaining part is still deviated. Based on this, in the present application, the fault block data body is divided into a plurality of smaller unit bodies, and the division direction is substantially perpendicular to the fault plane.

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a fault is shown.

[0049] As shown in Figure 3 , in the fault 300, between the hanging wall fault block data body 302 and the footwall fault block data body 301, the fault plane 303 generally has a certain degree of non-planar folding and undulation.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the hanging wall fault block data body divided into a plurality of unit bodies is shown.

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of reverse moving unit bodies is shown.

[0052] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the unit body 3021 is formed by dividing the hanging wall fault block data body 302 along the vertical profile. The unit body 3021 itself has similar extension trends of the top and bottom interfaces and physical and chemical properties of each part. The vertical profile for dividing the hanging wall fault block data body 302 and the fault plane maintain a non-zero angle. Preferably, it is substantially perpendicular to the fault plane.

[0053] In the fifth step S205, any unit volume of the upper plate fault block data volume is moved to the boundary of the section in the opposite direction of the sliding direction according to a step size, and the seismic feature similarity of the two sides of the section corresponding to the unit volume is calculated respectively each time the unit volume is moved, and the position with the highest seismic feature similarity is selected as the optimal position of the unit volume. wherein i is a positive integer, representing the number of the unit volume. The moving vector includes both size and direction.

[0054] For example, the unit volume 3021 is moved in the opposite direction of the sliding direction 304, and the blocks are recovered one by one, and the step size can be set according to the distance between the top interface of the upper plate fault block data volume and the lower plate fault block data volume. The smaller the step size, the more accurate the calculation result, but the larger the calculation amount. The larger the step size, the rougher the calculation result, but the faster the calculation speed. The step size can be adjusted according to the size of the calculation amount and the accuracy requirement of the calculation result. In the moving process, the seismic feature similarity between the unit volume and the adjacent region of the lower plate fault block data volume is calculated at each moving step size, and the size of the region can be determined according to the unit volume. Until the unit volume 3021 is moved to the boundary of the section, a plurality of similarity results are obtained, and the optimal position is selected by comparing the plurality of similarity results, and then the moving vector of the center point is applied to each seismic data point of the unit volume, and the unit volume 3021 is moved to the optimal position. Then, the next unit volume is selected for similar moving, and the moving of the upper plate fault block data volume is completed.

[0055] In the sixth step S206, after the moving of the fault block data volumes on both sides of a section is completed, there is a high probability that the top end has a jagged and uneven surface, and existing technical means such as smoothing, interpolation, stretching and compression can be used for processing to make the top surface smooth.

[0056] In the seventh step S207, the above operation is repeatedly performed until the fault block data volume group of the latest faulting period is moved. The flattening operation is performed corresponding to the seismic reflection reference layer, and the paleo-structural pattern before the faulting period is obtained.

[0057] In the eighth step S208, the fault block data volume group of the latest faulting period is repeatedly selected until the fault block data volume groups of multiple faulting periods are moved and flattened along the seismic reflection reference layer.

[0058] In the present application, the fault block data volume is divided into a plurality of unit volumes, and the unit volumes are moved and recovered, which can offset the change of the original horizon caused by the rotational movement of the fault, and can display the true thickness, trend and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratum structure as a whole.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present application, dividing the upper disc fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along the direction perpendicular to the section includes dividing according to the similarity of the contour lines on the plurality of vertical sections. Specifically, the contour lines of the upper disc fault block data volume on the plurality of vertical sections are obtained; and the upper disc fault block data volume is divided into a plurality of unit volumes, so that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit volume is less than 10%. The deviation of the contour lines is calculated by at least one of the following methods: mean squared error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hash algorithm.

[0060] In order to ensure the consistency of the parts inside the divided unit volume, especially the thickness of the layer, the consistency of the contour lines on the vertical sections is used as a criterion in the embodiment of the present application. For example, a plurality of vertical sections at the position of the upper disc fault block data volume are obtained, the vertical sections are parallel to each other and maintain a spacing, the contour lines of each upper disc fault block data volume on each vertical section are extracted, and thus a plurality of contour lines are obtained. The contour lines with similar positions and high contour similarity are clustered, so that the contour lines can be divided into a plurality of groups, and each group corresponds to a unit volume. In the above process, when other conditions are the same, the higher the sampling density of the vertical section, the higher the consistency of the unit volume inside the divided unit volume. When other conditions are the same, the higher the similarity of the contour lines, the higher the consistency of the unit volume inside the divided unit volume.

[0061] The deviation between the contour lines in each unit volume is less than 10% or less than 5%. The deviation between the contour lines can be realized by using existing algorithms such as Euclidean distance, dynamic time warping (DTW), cosine similarity, Pearson correlation coefficient, Manhattan distance, dynamic kernel correlation (DKC), and mean absolute error (MAE), which will not be described herein.

[0062] Preferably, the mean squared error method and the structural similarity index method are used to calculate the deviation of the contour lines, and then the mean value is obtained.

[0063] The mean squared error (MSE) is used to calculate the difference between the pixels of two pictures, sum the squares of the differences, and finally divide the number of pixels to obtain the MSE. The smaller the MSE value, the more similar the pictures.

[0064] Structural Similarity Index (SSIM): Scores images by comparing their brightness, contrast, and structure. SSIM values range from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating that the two images are identical.

[0065] Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR): Calculates the difference between the pixels of two images and takes the sum of the squares of these differences and then takes the logarithm. The higher the PSNR value, the more similar the images are.

[0066] Histogram Comparison: Compares the color histograms of two images to determine their similarity.

[0067] Perceptual Hash (PHash): Converts images into binary strings using a hash algorithm, then compares the Hamming distance between the strings to determine the similarity of the images.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present application, the unit bodies are equal in thickness.

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present application, the faults include normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults. The embodiment can simultaneously realize the displacement operation in three-dimensional directions and is suitable for the restoration of various faults.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present application, the hanging-wall fault-block data body can also be divided into multiple unit bodies along the vertical direction according to a preset fixed width. This simple division method can be used when the required accuracy of stratum structure solving is low, for example, in the case of qualitative analysis of stratum structure. When the fixed width is used, the operation amount of the division process is small, and the dependence on computing power can be reduced.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present application, the fixed width is the distance between the survey lines. Using the distance between the survey lines as the basis for dividing the unit bodies can make the accuracy of seismic data acquisition the same as the accuracy of division of the hanging-wall fault-block data body.

[0072] In the present application, by dividing the fault block data volume into a plurality of isotropic unit volumes, and moving the unit volumes to restore the stratum structure, the true thickness, strike trend and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratum structure can be restored in the whole. By calculating the correlation of the seismic characteristics according to the step length, the best position of the moved unit volume can be determined, so as to accurately restore the paleostructure. By moving the unit volume in the opposite direction of the sliding direction, the lower plate fault block data volume and the upper plate fault block data volume can be aligned in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction at the same time, so as to restore the paleostructure.

[0073] While the present application has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description is to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the present application is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications, changes, and alternatives can become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. It is understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present application described herein can be employed in practicing the present application. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the present application and that methods equivalent to those claims recited herein are within the scope and spirit of the present application. Therefore, the specific embodiments are to be subsumed into the generic description of the disclosed application.

Claims

1. A method for restoring global paleotectonic morphology by moving fragmented data volumes, characterized in that, include: The first step is to acquire 3D seismic data volumes, stratigraphic horizon data, and fault data. The second step involves segmenting the three-dimensional seismic data volume based on stratigraphic and fault data to obtain a multi-fault active period block data volume group and its seismic reflection reference layer. The third step is to select the fault block data set from the latest fault activity period; The fourth step involves selecting the outermost section on the latest fault activity period block data body group, determining the sliding direction of the hanging wall block data body relative to the footwall block data body along the section based on the similarity of seismic characteristics, and dividing the hanging wall block data body into multiple unit bodies along the direction perpendicular to the section. The fifth step is to calculate the coordinates O of the center seismic data point for each unit cell in sequence. i Each unit cell is moved to the boundary of the cross section in the opposite direction of the sliding direction according to a step size. During each movement, the seismic feature similarity between the unit cell and the corresponding area on the other side of the cross section is calculated. The location of the center seismic data point of the unit cell with the highest seismic feature similarity is selected as the optimal coordinate position A for the relocation. i Determine the transfer vector of each unit. All seismic data points on the unit cell are referenced to the shift vector. Perform coordinate transformations until all units of the upper disk block data volume have been moved. The sixth step is to perform smoothing, interpolation, stretching, and compression processing on the seismic data on both sides of the cross-section. The seventh step is to repeat steps four through six until the upper block data bodies of all sections of the latest fault activity period fault block data body group have been moved, resulting in a new three-dimensional seismic data body. After time-depth conversion, the seismic reflection reference layer is flattened to obtain the paleotectonic morphology of the latest fault activity period fault block data body group before the latest fault activity period. The eighth step is to repeat steps three through seven to obtain the global paleotectonic morphology before all periods of fault activity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The similarity of earthquake features includes at least one of the following: similarity of seismic wave phase axis orientation, seismic wave velocity, amplitude of seismic reflected wave, frequency of seismic reflected wave, and phase of seismic reflected wave.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The earthquake feature similarity is obtained through image structure similarity.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the fourth step, dividing the upper plate fragment data body into multiple unit bodies along a direction perpendicular to the cross-section includes: Classification is based on the degree of similarity of the contour lines on multiple vertical sections.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, include: Obtain the outline of the upper plate fragment data body on multiple vertical cross-sections; The upper plate fragment data body is divided into multiple unit bodies, such that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit body is less than 10%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deviation of the contour line is calculated using at least one of the following methods: Mean squared error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hashing algorithm.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The unit cells are of equal thickness.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper plate fragment data body is evenly divided into multiple unit bodies according to a preset fixed width.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fixed width is the distance between the survey lines.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the fifth step, the step size is set according to the distance between the top interfaces of the upper plate fragment data body and the lower plate fragment data body.

Images