A regulation method and application for promoting flower bud formation and enhancing flower quality in citrus

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit industry, and specifically discloses a regulation method and application for promoting and strengthening the flower formation of citrus. The regulation method is to spray flower-promoting regulator A during the ripening stage of autumn shoots of citrus; spray flower-promoting regulator B from 1 week before the appearance of flower buds in the following year to the flower bud stage of citrus. The components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulator A are: S-abscisic acid 15-50 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 25-100 μg / ml, chlorophyllin iron 0.05-1 μg / ml, and the balance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant; the components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulator B are: S-abscisic acid 1-35 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 10-70 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.1-2 μg / ml, and the balance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant. The present invention can regulate the balance of flower-forming hormones in axillary buds of the tree body, effectively increase the flower formation amount of citrus in the following year, improve the quality of flower buds and the flowering uniformity, reduce the proportion of deformed flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit retention, increase the citrus yield and improve the quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fruit industry, and particularly relates to a regulation method and application for promoting and strengthening the flowers of citrus. Background Art

[0002] The improvement of citrus yield has been restricted by the phenomena of "alternate bearing" and flower and fruit drop, and the quality of fruit setting is directly affected by the quality of citrus flower bud differentiation.

[0003] The flower bud differentiation of citrus is an extremely complex process, which is divided into two stages: (1) Physiological differentiation stage. In the late stage of the maturity of autumn shoots of citrus trees, the tree body enters the critical period of flower bud physiological differentiation. This period is the transition period for the growth point of the tree body to change from the physiological state of leaf buds to flower buds, and it is also the key period for determining the number of flowers of the tree body; (2) Morphological differentiation stage, which refers to the process from the initial stage of flower bud differentiation to the gradual formation of flower organs. This period includes sepal differentiation stage, petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage, and pistil differentiation stage, and it is the formation period of the development quality of flower buds.

[0004] In recent years, due to abnormal climate change, low-temperature freezing damage has seriously affected the physiological differentiation of citrus flower buds, and the phenomena of less flower quantity and low yield often occur; and when the citrus tree body enters the sprouting stage of spring buds - the budding stage (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), low temperature or continuous rainy weather is likely to occur, which seriously affects the morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds, resulting in poor flowering quality, a large number of deformed flowers and deformed fruits, and heavy losses for fruit farmers.

[0005] Currently, in agriculture, physical and chemical control methods are mostly used to promote citrus flower bud differentiation and increase the number of flowers in the following year. However, the disadvantages of each treatment method are obvious. Physical methods mainly include branch pulling, branch bending, girdling, root pruning, etc. Although these methods can promote citrus flower bud differentiation, they also have defects such as large workload, high labor consumption, and high technical requirements. If the operation is improper, it is extremely easy to cause damage or even death to the tree body; Chemical control methods mainly control the shoots by spraying plant growth retardants such as high-concentration paclobutrazol and uniconazole, reduce the nutrient consumption of the tree body, promote the transfer of nutrients to reproductive growth, and then regulate the flower bud differentiation of the tree body. In actual production, the application of growth control agents is extremely easy to cause premature senility of the tree body, and the proportion of deformed flowers and deformed fruits increases significantly, which is not conducive to the improvement of citrus yield and quality.

[0006] For example: the invention application with publication number CN115299441A discloses a preparation for controlling vigor and promoting flowering, its preparation method and application, wherein the preparation comprises: 1200-1400 mg / L of uniconazole, 25-30 mg / L of S-inducible, 350-450 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.005-0.015 mg / L of brassinolide and 3500-4500 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The preparation for controlling vigor and promoting flowering is sprayed three times, with the first spraying being performed when 95% of the new shoots of the fruit trees stop growing. The time interval between the first and second sprayings is 15 days, and the time interval between the second and third sprayings is 80-100 days. By spraying the above-mentioned control and promotion of flowering agents, the growth of trees can be effectively controlled and the amount of flowers can be increased. However, there are still some defects such as large amount of control agent used and frequent application (the spraying solution contains about 1.2%-1.4% of clofentonazole), which easily causes soil residue, large amount of flowers and difficulty in ensuring flowering quality.

[0007] Therefore, a regulatory method for promoting and strengthening flowering in citrus is developed to regulate the balance of endogenous flowering hormones in the tree at the two key growth nodes of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds, improve alternate bearing, increase the number and quality of flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit preservation, and provide technical support for further improving the yield level of citrus production, which has positive promotion significance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the existing technology that promotes flowering of citrus mainly through shoot control (such as CN115299441A), the large amount of control agents used is easy to cause soil residue, affect the environment, and there are defects and shortcomings such as poor flower bud quality and a high proportion of deformed flowers. A new control method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus is provided. The key technical means of this control method is: during the two key growth periods of citrus flower bud differentiation, the flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B are used to regulate the balance of flowering hormones during the physiological differentiation period and the morphological differentiation period, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting the increase of flower quantity and improving flower quality.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0010] First, the present invention discloses a regulation method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus.

[0011] A method for regulating and promoting flowering and strengthening of citrus flowers, which uses different growth regulator combinations for targeted regulation in the autumn shoot maturity stage (physiological differentiation stage) and from one week before bud appearance to the bud stage (morphological differentiation stage) of the following year based on the flowering mechanism of citrus flower bud differentiation stage, endogenous hormone levels, and growth stress factors in various stages of citrus growth and development.

[0012] Furthermore, the regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower buds in citrus includes applying flower bud promotion regulator A during the ripening stage of autumn shoots in citrus (physiological differentiation period), and applying flower bud promotion regulator B from 1 week before the appearance of flower buds in the following year to the flower bud stage (morphological differentiation period).

[0013] Furthermore, for the flower bud promotion regulator A, its components and spraying concentration are S-abscisic acid 15 - 50 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 25 - 100 μg / ml, chlorophyllin-iron 0.05 - 1 μg / ml, and the balance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

[0014] Preferably, for the flower bud promotion regulator A, its components and spraying concentration are S-abscisic acid 25 - 40 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 50 - 75 μg / ml, chlorophyllin-iron 0.1 - 0.5 μg / ml, and the balance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

[0015] The dosage forms that the flower bud promotion regulator A can be formulated into include but are not limited to soluble powders, emulsion in water, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules.

[0016] As a plant growth balance factor, S-abscisic acid is a natural product contained in all green plants. It has the function of balancing endogenous plant hormones and the metabolism of related growth active substances. S-abscisic acid and the flower inhibition hormone gibberellic acid are in an antagonistic relationship. During the physiological differentiation period of citrus flower buds, it can induce an increase in the ratio of endogenous S-abscisic acid / gibberellic acid, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. At the same time, S-abscisic acid is also the "first messenger" that activates the expression of stress-resistant genes in plants, and can effectively activate the stress-resistant immune system in plants, enhancing the comprehensive resistance of plants (drought resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, disease and pest resistance, salt tolerance, etc.).

[0017] As a plant growth retardant, prohexadione-calcium can effectively inhibit the synthesis of the endogenous flower inhibition hormone gibberellic acid GA3, while having no effect on the synthesis of gibberellic acid GA4+7 that promotes flowering and fruit setting. It has five characteristics: good water solubility, fast leaf absorption, low toxicity and no residue, high activity, and short half-life. Its main functions are: increasing chlorophyll content, making the leaves dark green and thick, enhancing photosynthesis; promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing the fruit setting rate, promoting fruit swelling, sweetening and coloring, and advancing the market time; enhancing stress resistance and disease resistance.

[0018] As a new type of plant growth regulator, chlorophyllin-iron can regulate the degradation (delay degradation) and synthesis of chlorophyll, enhance the photosynthesis of crop leaves, produce more organic matter, improve the quality and yield of crops, and can also improve the systemic resistance of crops, regulate the defense-related signal pathways of crops in adversity, enhance the defense response of crops, and improve crop resistance. In addition, chlorophyllin-iron can regulate multiple targets or pathways such as brassinosteroid (BR) and S-abscisic acid, and induce the defense response of crops against low temperature, salt stress, etc.

[0019] Furthermore, for the flower-promoting regulator B described in step (2), its components and spraying concentration are as follows: S-abscisic acid 1 - 35 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 10 - 70 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.1 - 2 μg / ml, with the balance being agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0020] Preferably, for the flower-promoting regulator B described in step (2), its components and spraying concentration are as follows: S-abscisic acid 5 - 25 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 20 - 40 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.5 - 2 μg / ml, with the balance being agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0021] Furthermore, the dosage forms that the flower-promoting regulator B can be formulated into include but are not limited to solution agents, emulsifiable concentrates, soluble powders, emulsion in water, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules.

[0022] The reason for including calcium cyclanilide in the flower-promoting regulator A and 6-benzylaminopurine in the flower-promoting regulator B is as follows: The main principle of using calcium cyclanilide in the stage of autumn shoot maturation is that it can effectively control the content of gibberellic acid A3 in the tree body during the physiological differentiation stage of citrus, and has no effect on the content of gibberellic acid A4 + A7 that promotes reproductive growth, which is beneficial to the accumulation of flowering hormones and nutrients in the tree body, and thus promotes the physiological differentiation of flower buds; Using 6-benzylaminopurine (a cytokinin plant growth regulator) from 1 week before the citrus budding stage to the flower bud stage (morphological differentiation stage), it can effectively promote cell division and differentiation, which is beneficial to the development of flower organs in the flower bud morphological differentiation stage. At the same time, 6-benzylaminopurine has the functions of eliminating apical dominance, increasing the chlorophyll content of leaves, improving the nutrient production ability of the tree body, balancing the distribution of nutrients and auxins, accelerating the morphological differentiation of flower buds, and improving the quality of flower buds.

[0023] Furthermore, the flower-promoting regulator A and the flower-promoting regulator B are used in combination with any one or more of amino acid foliar fertilizers, humic acids, water-soluble fertilizers containing macronutrients, and water-soluble fertilizers containing micronutrients.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned method for regulating flower promotion and flower strengthening in citrus planting.

[0025] The flower-promoting regulator A and the flower-promoting regulator B are used to spray the whole citrus tree for flower promotion and flower strengthening. After being diluted with water to a certain concentration, they are sprayed after 4 o'clock on sunny days, spraying both the front and back sides of the whole plant's leaves until the liquid does not drip, and controlling the water consumption per mu at 300 - 400 L.

[0026] When spraying the flower-promoting regulator A in the stage of autumn shoot maturation of citrus, its components and spraying concentration are as follows: S-abscisic acid 15 - 50 μg / ml, calcium cyclanilide 25 - 100 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.05 - 2 μg / ml, with the balance being agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0027] Spray the flower-promoting regulatory factor B from 1 week before the appearance of flower buds in the following year of citrus to the flower bud stage, and its components and spraying concentration are as follows: S-ABA 1-35 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 10-70 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.1-2 μg / ml, and the balance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

[0028] The citrus is selected from, but not limited to, any one of the citrus varieties such as Ehime 38, Ehime 28, Wogan, Satsuma mandarin, Ugly orange, Newhall navel orange, Tangerine, Ponkan, Spring Orange, Shiranui, Lunwan, orange, and hybrid citrus varieties.

[0029] After the application of the regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower in citrus planting, the number of flower buds in the following year can be increased by 9.74% - 22.36%, the quality of flower buds can be improved, the rate of deformed flowers can be reduced by 12.7% - 27.11%, the difficulty of fruit retention can be reduced, and the yield increase rate of citrus can be as high as 23.07%.

[0030] Advantages of the present invention:

[0031] The regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower in citrus of the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The regulation method of the present invention applied to promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower in citrus can regulate the balance of flower-forming hormones in axillary buds of the tree body, effectively increase the number of flower buds in the following year of citrus, improve the quality of flower buds and the flowering uniformity, reduce the proportion of deformed flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit retention, and increase the citrus yield and improve the quality.

[0033] (2) The regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower in citrus of the present invention can improve the resistance of citrus to adverse environments, reduce the use of growth control agents, and effectively reduce the premature senescence of the tree body and the phenomenon of deformed flowers caused by shoot control agents.

[0034] (3) The flower-promoting and flower-strengthening regulatory factors A and B for citrus of the present invention use environmentally friendly raw materials, are safe for humans, animals and the environment, and are a kind of safe, environmentally friendly and not prone to phytotoxicity. Specific embodiments

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The methods are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials can all be obtained from public commercial channels unless otherwise specified. The data listed in the following embodiments and comparative examples are all obtained by preparing and testing in the same period.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Test location: Meishan, Sichuan; Citrus variety: Ehime 38

[0038] Experimental design: Based on the conventional planting pattern of farmers, the regulator composition was applied and evenly sprayed on citrus leaves of the corresponding period after 4 pm on a sunny day (the same applies to the following examples).

[0039] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with medium fertility. The Ehime 38 tree is 5 years old, with a row spacing of 3.0m×3.5m, 63 trees / mu, and conventional management.

[0040] Conditioner composition:

[0041] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: a soluble powder containing 10% S-absorbent, 10% prohexadione calcium and 0.05% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 50μg / ml S-absorbent, 50μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 0.25μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0042] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied during the budding period: an emulsifiable concentrate containing 2% S-absorbent, 2% benzylaminopurine and 0.01% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 800 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 25μg / ml S-absorbent, 25μg / ml benzylaminopurine, and 0.125μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0043] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0044] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension concentrate was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0045] Experimental results:

[0046] Compared with the control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 16.52%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 21.71%, and the yield per plant increased by 17.66%.

[0047] Compared with the control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 8.91%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.97%, and the yield per plant increased by 11.62%.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Trial location: Chongqing Changshou; citrus variety: Wogan

[0050] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The Wogan trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 2.0m×3.0m, 88 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0051] Conditioner composition:

[0052] Flower-promoting regulator A applied during the mature stage of autumn shoots of citrus: A granule containing 5% S-ABA, 10% prohexadione-calcium, and 0.02% chlorophyllin-iron, with a dilution factor of 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33.3 μg / ml S-ABA, 66.7 μg / ml prohexadione-calcium, and 0.133 μg / ml chlorophyllin-iron); pay attention to spraying both the front and back of all plant leaves until the liquid does not drip.

[0053] Flower-promoting regulator B applied during the budding stage: A soluble solution containing 1% S-ABA, 4% benzylaminopurine, and 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron, with a dilution factor of 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 6.7 μg / ml S-ABA, 26.6 μg / ml benzylaminopurine, and 0.67 μg / ml chlorophyllin-iron);

[0054] Control 1: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during both the mature stage of autumn shoots and the budding stage, and clear water was used as a blank control.

[0055] Control 2: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used during the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble solution was used during the budding stage.

[0056] Test results:

[0057] Compared with Control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 22.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 27.11%, and the yield per plant increased by 23.07%.

[0058] Compared with Control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 18.13%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 20.51%, and the yield per plant increased by 19.38%.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Test location: Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Citrus variety: Satsuma mandarin

[0061] Planting mode: The test plot is a gentle slope mountain land with sufficient fertility. The Satsuma mandarin trees are 5 years old, with a row spacing of 2.5 m × 3.0 m and 67 plants per mu, and conventional management is carried out.

[0062] Regulator composition:

[0063] Flower-promoting regulator A applied during the mature stage of autumn shoots of citrus: A soluble powder containing 5% S-ABA, 5% prohexadione-calcium, and 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron, with a dilution factor of 1000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 50 μg / ml S-ABA, 50 μg / ml prohexadione-calcium, and 1 μg / ml chlorophyllin-iron);

[0064] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: An aqueous emulsion containing 1% S-ABA, 3% 6-benzylaminopurine, and 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron complex, diluted 800 times (the spraying concentration is converted to 12.5 μg / ml of S-ABA, 37.5 μg / ml of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 1.25 μg / ml of chlorophyllin-iron complex);

[0065] Control 1: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturation stage and the budding stage, and clear water was used as a blank control.

[0066] Control 2: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used during the autumn shoot maturation stage, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble solution was used during the budding stage.

[0067] Test effect:

[0068] Compared with Control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 15.26%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 18.27%, and the yield per plant increased by 18.75%.

[0069] Compared with Control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 10.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 11.19%, and the yield per plant increased by 12.27%.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] Test location: Pujiang, Sichuan; Citrus variety: W. Murcott

[0072] Planting mode: The test plot is a gentle slope mountain with sufficient fertility. The age of W. Murcott trees is 5 years, the plant spacing is 3.0×4.0 m, and there are 58 plants per mu, with conventional management.

[0073] Regulator composition:

[0074] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied at the autumn shoot maturation stage of citrus: An aqueous emulsion containing 3% S-ABA, 15% prohexadione-calcium, and 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron complex, diluted 2000 times (the spraying concentration is converted to 15 μg / ml of S-ABA, 75 μg / ml of prohexadione-calcium, and 0.5 μg / ml of chlorophyllin-iron complex); Note that the whole plant leaves should be sprayed on both the front and back sides until the liquid does not drip.

[0075] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: A soluble solution containing 0.1% S-ABA, 2% 6-benzylaminopurine, and 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron complex, diluted 500 times (the spraying concentration is converted to 2 μg / ml of S-ABA, 40 μg / ml of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 2 μg / ml of chlorophyllin-iron complex);

[0076] Control 1: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturation stage and the budding stage, and clear water was used as a blank control.

[0077] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, use 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension agent during the stage when the autumn shoots are mature, and use 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble solution during the budding stage.

[0078] Test results:

[0079] Compared with Control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 12.5, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 14.71, and the yield per plant increased by 15.69%.

[0080] Compared with Control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 8.39%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.28%, and the yield per plant increased by 11.16%.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] Test site: Meishan, Sichuan; Citrus variety: Wogan

[0083] Planting mode: The test plot is a gentle slope mountain land with sufficient fertility. The age of Wogan trees is 5 years, the plant spacing is 4.0×6.0m, and there are 28 plants per mu, with conventional management.

[0084] Regulator composition:

[0085] Flower-promoting regulator A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: Wettable powder containing 10% S-ABA, 5% calcium cyclamate, and 0.01% chlorophyllin iron, with a dilution factor of 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 50 μg / ml of S-ABA, 25 μg / ml of calcium cyclamate, and 0.05 μg / ml of chlorophyllin iron);

[0086] Flower-promoting regulator B applied during the budding stage: Granule containing 0.03% S-ABA, 2% benzylaminopurine, and 0.01% chlorophyllin iron, with a dilution factor of 300 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 1 μg / ml of S-ABA, 67 μg / ml of benzylaminopurine, and 0.13 μg / ml of chlorophyllin iron);

[0087] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, no regulator composition is applied during both the mature stage of autumn shoots and the budding stage, and clear water is used as a blank control.

[0088] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, use 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension agent during the stage when the autumn shoots are mature, and use 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble solution during the budding stage.

[0089] Test results:

[0090] Compared with Control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.74%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.7%, and the yield per plant increased by 7.92%.

[0091] Compared with Control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 5.72%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 8.97%, and the yield per plant increased by 5.88%.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] Test site: Ganzhou, Jiangxi; Citrus variety: Newhall navel orange

[0094] Planting mode: The test plot is a gentle slope mountain with sufficient fertility. The age of the navel orange trees is 6 years, the row spacing is 4.0×5.0m, and there are 33 plants per mu, with conventional management.

[0095] Regulator composition:

[0096] Flower-promoting regulator A applied during the maturation period of autumn shoots of citrus: A suspension containing 10% of S-ABA, 15% of prohexadione-calcium, and 0.02% of chlorophyllin-iron, with a dilution factor of 3000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33 μg / ml of S-ABA, 50 μg / ml of prohexadione-calcium, and 0.07 μg / ml of chlorophyllin-iron); pay attention to spraying both the front and back of all the leaves of the whole plant until the liquid medicine does not drip.

[0097] Flower-promoting regulator B applied at the budding stage: A soluble agent containing 5% of S-ABA, 3% of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 0.02% of chlorophyllin-iron, with a dilution factor of 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33 μg / ml of S-ABA, 20 μg / ml of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 0.13 μg / ml of chlorophyllin-iron);

[0098] Control 1: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the maturation stage of autumn shoots and the budding stage, and clear water was used as a blank control.

[0099] Control 2: On the basis of the conventional planting mode of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used during the maturation stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble agent was used at the budding stage.

[0100] Test effect:

[0101] Compared with Control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 15.6%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 16.67%, and the yield per plant increased by 14.12%.

[0102] Compared with Control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.79%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.2%, and the yield per plant increased by 10.12%.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] Test site: Xinyu, Jiangxi; Citrus variety: Tangerine

[0105] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The mandarin orange trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 3.0×4.0m, 52 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0106] Conditioner composition:

[0107] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: an aqueous emulsion containing 1% S-absorbent, 5% prohexadione calcium and 0.05% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 20μg / ml S-absorbent, 100μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 1μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron); pay attention to spraying the front and back of the leaves of the whole plant and stop the liquid from dripping.

[0108] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied during the budding period: a soluble solution containing 0.1% S-inducing agent, 0.5% benzylaminopurine and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 2 μg / ml S-inducing agent, 10 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 2 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0109] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0110] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension concentrate was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0111] Experimental results:

[0112] Compared with the control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 14.75%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 13.75%, and the yield per plant increased by 10.92%.

[0113] Compared with the control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 7.38%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.73%, and the yield per plant increased by 8.67%.

[0114] Example 8

[0115] Trial location: Xinyu, Jiangxi; Citrus variety: Aiyuan No. 28

[0116] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The citrus trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 3.5×4.0m, 36 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0117] Conditioner composition:

[0118] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: a suspension concentrate containing 5% S-absorbent, 15% prohexadione calcium, and 0.1% chlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 25 μg / ml S-absorbent, 75 μg / ml prohexadione calcium, and 0.5 μg / ml chlorin iron);

[0119] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: granules containing 0.5% S-inducing factor, 1% benzylaminopurine, and 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 300 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 16.7 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 33.3 μg / ml benzylaminopurine, and 0.67 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0120] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0121] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension concentrate was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0122] Experimental results:

[0123] Compared with the control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 19.86%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 24.77%, and the yield per plant increased by 19.36%.

[0124] Compared with the control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 16.56%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 17.53%, and the yield per plant increased by 16.79%.

[0125] From the above analysis and comparison, it can be seen that Examples 1-8 were all sprayed with flowering-promoting regulatory factor A (S-inducing agent + prohexadione calcium + dihydrochlorin iron) in the autumn shoot maturation stage, and were all sprayed with flowering-promoting regulatory factor B (S-inducing agent + benzylaminopurine + dihydrochlorin iron) in the budding stage. Control 1 did not apply the regulator composition in both the autumn shoot maturation stage and the budding stage, and used clean water as a blank control; Control 2 used 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension in the autumn shoot maturation stage and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobassinolide soluble solution in the budding stage.

[0126] The experimental effects of Examples 1-8 are as follows: compared with the control 1 (clear water), the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.74-22.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.7-27.11%, and the yield per plant increased by 7.92-23.07%; compared with the control 2 (paclobutrazol and 28-homobrassinolide), the number of citrus flowers increased by 5.72-18.13%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 8.97-20.51%, and the yield per plant increased by 5.88-19.38%.

[0127] Without considering the differences in citrus varieties, the best test result was obtained in Example 2. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 2 at the stage of autumn shoot maturation were: S - abscisic acid 33.3 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 66.7 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.133 μg / ml; the formula and spraying concentration used at the budding stage were: S - abscisic acid 6.7 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 26.7 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.67 μg / ml. The second-best test result was obtained in Example 8. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 8 at the stage of autumn shoot maturation were: S - abscisic acid 25 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 75 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.5 μg / ml; the formula and spraying concentration used at the budding stage were: S - abscisic acid 16.7 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 33.3 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.67 μg / ml.

[0128] Without considering the differences in citrus varieties, the worst test result was obtained in Example 5. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 5 at the stage of autumn shoot maturation were: S - abscisic acid 50 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 25 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.05 μg / ml; the formula and spraying concentration used at the budding stage were: S - abscisic acid 1 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 66.7 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.13 μg / ml.

[0129] The preferred spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulator A used at the stage of autumn shoot maturation was: S - abscisic acid 25 - 40 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 50 - 75 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.1 - 0.5 μg / ml; the preferred spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulator B used at the budding stage was: S - abscisic acid 5 - 25 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 20 - 40 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.5 - 2 μg / ml. It can be seen from this that although both the flower-promoting regulators A and B use S - abscisic acid and chlorophyllin iron, the spraying concentrations are different. Only by controlling S - abscisic acid and chlorophyllin iron within an appropriate concentration range during spraying can a better effect of promoting flower formation and strengthening flowers be obtained.

[0130] The reason why the concentration ranges of S-ABA and chlorophyll iron used in the flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B are different is mainly as follows: During the period when the autumn shoots mature, the degree of lignification of the tree body is higher than that during the budding period, and the absorption and utilization rate of the liquid medicine decreases. At the same time, during this period, in order to regulate the content of endogenous gibberellic acid / abscisic acid in the tree body, applying a higher concentration of S-ABA (25-40 μg / ml) combined with a lower concentration of chlorophyll iron (0.1-0.5 μg / ml) can effectively increase the accumulation of endogenous flower-forming hormones in the tree body and increase the number of flowers in the following year; when the tree body enters the spring bud germination period - budding period (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), applying a lower concentration of S-ABA (5-25 μg / ml) combined with a higher concentration of chlorophyll iron (0.5-2 μg / ml) is beneficial to enhancing the tree body's ability to resist low-temperature stress, promoting the development of plant roots, prompting the roots to secrete endogenous cytokinins, which is beneficial to the morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds and improving the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering. Comparative test example: Comparative test on citrus flower promotion and flower strengthening (formula comparison and spraying time comparison)

[0131] (1) Experimental design:

[0132] Test site: Xinyu, Jiangxi; Citrus variety: Tangerine.

[0133] Planting mode: The test plot is a gentle slope mountain with sufficient fertility. The tangerine trees are 4 years old and are under conventional management.

[0134] Select 160 citrus trees in the same area with the same tree age and basically the same tree size, and randomly divide them into 6 experimental groups and 2 control groups, with 20 citrus trees in each group. Among them:

[0135] Experimental group (A): During the period when the autumn shoots mature and the initial budding period of the following year, both are sprayed with the flower-promoting regulatory factor A, and the formula is the same as A in Experimental Example 2, that is, containing 5% S-ABA + 10% prohexadione-calcium + 0.02% chlorophyll iron, and it is sprayed after diluting 1500 times with water.

[0136] Experimental group (B): During the period when the autumn shoots mature and the initial budding period of the following year, both are sprayed with the flower-promoting regulatory factor B, and the formula is the same as B in Experimental Example 2, that is, containing 1% S-ABA + 4% 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.1% chlorophyll iron, and it is sprayed after diluting 1500 times with water.

[0137] Experimental group (C): During the period when the autumn shoots mature, it is sprayed with the flower-promoting regulatory factor A, and the formula is the same as A in Experimental Example 2 (containing 5% S-ABA + 10% prohexadione-calcium + 0.02% chlorophyll iron). During the initial budding period of the following year, it is sprayed with the flower-promoting regulatory factor B, and the formula is the same as B in Experimental Example 2 (containing 1% S-ABA + 4% 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.1% chlorophyll iron), and it is sprayed after diluting 1500 times with water.

[0138] The experimental group (D) sprayed the flower-promoting regulator A during the late maturity stage of autumn shoots. The formula contained 10% S-ABA + 10% prohexadione-calcium + 0.02% chlorophyllin-iron (on the basis of Implementation 2, the dosage of S-ABA was increased to 2 times). During the early budding stage of the following year, the flower-promoting regulator B was sprayed. The formula contained 10% S-ABA A + 4% 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron (on the basis of Implementation 2, the dosage of S-ABA was increased to 10 times), and it was sprayed after being diluted 1500 times with water.

[0139] The experimental group (E) sprayed the flower-promoting regulator A during the late maturity stage of autumn shoots. The formula contained 0.5% S-ABA + 20% prohexadione-calcium + 0.02% chlorophyllin-iron (on the basis of Implementation 2, the dosage of S-ABA was reduced to one-tenth and the dosage of prohexadione-calcium was increased to 2 times). During the early budding stage of the following year, the flower-promoting regulator B was sprayed. The formula contained 0.1% S-ABA + 4% 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.1% chlorophyllin-iron (on the basis of Implementation 2, the dosage of S-ABA was reduced to one-tenth), and it was sprayed after being diluted 1500 times with water.

[0140] For the flower-promoting regulators A and B of the experimental group (F), their formula and dilution multiple with water were the same as those of the experimental group (C). The difference was that the flower-promoting regulator B was sprayed before germination.

[0141] The control group 1 (CK1) sprayed the growth-regulating and flower-promoting agent disclosed in the existing patent technology (CN115299441A) during both the late maturity stage of autumn shoots and the early budding stage of the following year, that is: uniconazole 1300 mg / L, S-ABA 28 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 400 mg / L, brassinolide 0.01 mg / L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4000 mg / L. It was sprayed directly without dilution with water.

[0142] The control group 2 (CK2) sprayed clear water during both the late maturity stage of autumn shoots and the early budding stage of the following year.

[0143] (2) Spraying method:

[0144] During the late maturity stage of autumn shoots, 1 week before budding in the following year, and the budding stage, before spraying the flower-promoting regulator A and the flower-promoting regulator B, they were both diluted with water to a certain concentration and then sprayed. The growth-regulating and flower-promoting agent was sprayed directly without dilution. When spraying, the front and back sides of all the plant leaves were sprayed wet and the liquid did not drip. It was sprayed 2 times in total. The concentrations of the agents for the two sprays: The first application and the second application were diluted 1500 times with water.

[0145] (3) Data statistics:

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] (4) Explanation of experimental results:

[0149] Comparison of the test results of the seven groups (A) to (E) with CK1 and CK2 shows that: although CK1 has more flowers than the test groups (A) to (E), the rate of deformed flowers in CK1 is higher than that in the test groups (A) to (E), and the yield per plant of CK1 is lower than that in the test groups (A) to (E). Compared with the clear water control CK2, CK1 has a certain effect of promoting and strengthening flowers; compared with the test groups (A) to (E), CK1 has more flowers, but also more deformed flowers, resulting in poor flowering quality, low yield per plant, and a large amount of growth control agents (the total amount of the four plant growth regulators used is 15-20 times that of the regulatory factors used in the present invention). It is shown that the implementation of the present invention has a significant effect on promoting and strengthening flowering, which can significantly increase the number of flowers of citrus in the next year, improve the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering, reduce the rate of deformed flowers, alleviate the difficulty of fruit preservation, and increase the yield of citrus; the implementation of the present invention can not only effectively reduce the premature aging of trees and deformed flowers caused by shoot control agents, improve the resistance of citrus to adverse environments, but also greatly reduce the use of growth control agents.

[0150] From the comparison of the test results of the three groups (A), (B) and (C), it can be seen that the group with the best effect of promoting and strengthening flowers after spraying is the test group (C). The test group (A) only sprayed the flower-promoting regulatory factor A during the autumn shoot aging period and the early stage of bud formation the following year, and the test group (B) only sprayed the flower-promoting regulatory factor B during the autumn shoot aging period and the early stage of bud formation the following year. Their flower-promoting and strengthening effects were not as good as the test group (C). Note: Different growth regulator combinations must be used for targeted regulation in the autumn shoot aging stage (physiological differentiation period) and from 1 week before bud formation to the bud stage (morphological differentiation period) the following year. Among them, the flower-promoting regulatory factor A is sprayed during the autumn shoot aging period, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B is sprayed at the early stage of bud formation the following year.

[0151] Comparison of the experimental results of the three groups (C), (D), and (E) shows that the group with the best effect of promoting and strengthening flowers after spraying is the experimental group (C). The flower-promoting regulatory factor A (physiological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (D) is based on the experiment (C), with the S-inducing agent dosage increased to 2 times, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B (morphological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (E) is based on the experiment (C), with the S-inducing agent dosage increased to 10 times; the flower-promoting regulatory factor A (physiological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (E) is based on the experiment (C), with the S-inducing agent dosage reduced to 1 / 10, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B (morphological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (E) is based on the experiment (C), with the S-inducing agent dosage reduced to 1 / 10; the flower-promoting regulatory factor B (morphological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (D) and (E) is not as good as the experimental group (C). Note: Flowering-promoting regulatory factor A, applied during the physiological differentiation period, and flower-promoting regulatory factor B, applied during the morphological differentiation period, have different formulations and their dosages must also be strictly controlled. The most preferred flower-promoting regulatory factor A contains 5% S-antibiotic + 10% prohexadione calcium + 0.02% chlorin iron (sprayed at a 1500-fold dilution), while the most preferred flower-promoting regulatory factor B contains 1% S-antibiotic A + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% chlorin iron (sprayed at a 1500-fold dilution).

[0152] A comparison of the results from Experimental Groups (C) and (F) reveals that Experimental Group (F) exhibited the worst effect in promoting and strengthening flowering. This group applied Flower-Promoting Regulator B earlier than the initial budding phase of the following year, while all other conditions were the same as those in Experimental Group (C). This suggests that the timing of spraying Flower-Promoting Regulator B is crucial; it must be applied at the initial budding phase of the following year, not earlier than the budding phase.

[0153] The reason why the above experimental group (C) has the best effect in promoting and strengthening flowers may be:

[0154] 1. The mature autumn shoot stage of citrus is also the stage of physiological flower bud differentiation. This period is a critical time for the transformation of axillary buds from leaf buds to flower buds, which determines the number of flowers produced the following year. Applying S-absorbin and prohexadione-calcium during this period can effectively reduce the level of the endogenous flower-inhibiting hormone gibberellic acid (GA3), effectively inducing the dynamic balance of the endogenous flower-forming hormone S-absorbin / GA, thereby promoting the transformation of axillary buds into flower buds. Furthermore, chlorin iron, prohexadione-calcium, and S-absorbin can enhance leaf photosynthesis and promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products, which is beneficial for the transfer of photosynthetic output to reproductive growth, thereby increasing the number of flowers produced the following year.

[0155] 2. The citrus budding stage is an important period affecting the quality of flower buds and also a crucial stage for strengthening flowers. This period is the peak of endogenous cytokinins in citrus. Applying benzylaminopurine (a cytokinin) during this period can induce cell division in flower buds, promote budding, and improve the quality of flower buds. At the same time, chlorophyllide iron has an upregulating effect on the key genes of the two major endogenous hormones in plants, brassinolide and S - abscisic acid, which enhance the plant's resistance. Supplementing S - abscisic acid and chlorophyllide iron during this period can effectively induce the stress resistance of citrus to abnormal weather such as low temperature and continuous rainy climate, and can effectively reduce the phenomenon of deformed flower buds caused by low - temperature and low - light climate.

[0156] 3. In this invention, a flower - promoting regulator A (S - abscisic acid, chlorophyllide iron combined with prohexadione - calcium) and a flower - promoting regulator B (S - abscisic acid, chlorophyllide iron combined with benzylaminopurine) are respectively used to regulate citrus flower bud differentiation at the stage when the autumn shoots of citrus are mature and at the budding stage, achieving the effect of synergistically increasing the number of flowers and improving the quality of flowers, and being beneficial to fruit setting on branches and increasing yield.

[0157] 4. The reason why the spraying concentrations of S - abscisic acid and chlorophyllide iron in the flower - promoting regulator A and the flower - promoting regulator B are different is mainly as follows: At the stage when the autumn shoots are mature, the degree of lignification of the tree body is higher than that at the budding stage, and the absorption and utilization rate of the liquid medicine decrease. At the same time, during this period, it is used to regulate the content of endogenous gibberellin / abscisic acid in the tree body. Applying a higher concentration of S - abscisic acid (the ratio in group C is 5%) and a lower concentration of chlorophyllide iron (the ratio in group C is 0.02%) can effectively increase the accumulation of endogenous flower - forming hormones in the tree body and increase the number of flowers in the following year. When the tree body enters the stage of spring bud germination - budding stage (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), applying a lower concentration of S - abscisic acid (the ratio in group C is 1%) and a higher concentration of chlorophyllide iron (the ratio in group C is 0.1%) is beneficial to enhancing the tree body's ability to resist low - temperature stress, promoting the development of plant roots, prompting the roots to secrete endogenous cytokinins, being beneficial to citrus flower bud morphological differentiation, and improving the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering.

[0158] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the above - described specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions made to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flowers in citrus, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Spraying flower-promoting regulator A during the ripening stage of autumn shoots of citrus; (2) Spraying flower-promoting regulator B from 1 week before the emergence of flower buds to the flower bud stage of the following year of citrus; For the flower-promoting regulator A described in step (1), its components and spraying concentration are: S-abscisic acid 15 - 50 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 25 - 100 μg / ml, chlorophyllin iron 0.05 - 1 μg / ml, and the balance is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant; For the flower-promoting regulator B described in step (2), its components and spraying concentration are: S-abscisic acid 1 - 35 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 10 - 70 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.1 - 2 μg / ml, and the balance is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

2. The regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strong flower growth of citrus according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the flower-promoting regulator A described in step (1), its components and spraying concentration are: S-abscisic acid 25 - 40 μg / ml, prohexadione-calcium 50 - 75 μg / ml, chlorophyllin iron 0.1 - 0.5 μg / ml, and the balance is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

3. A regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strong flower growth of citrus according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the flower-promoting regulator B described in step (2), its components and spraying concentration are: S-abscisic acid 5 - 25 μg / ml, 6-benzylaminopurine 20 - 40 μg / ml, and chlorophyllin iron 0.5 - 2 μg / ml, and the balance is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

4. A regulation method for promoting flower bud formation and strengthening flower growth of citrus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage forms that the flower-promoting regulator A can be formulated into include soluble powder, aqueous emulsion, suspension, wettable powder, granule; the dosage forms that the flower-promoting regulator B can be formulated into include soluble solution, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble powder, aqueous emulsion, suspension, wettable powder, granule; the flower-promoting regulator A and the flower-promoting regulator B are used in combination with any one or more of amino acid foliar fertilizer, humic acid, water-soluble fertilizer of macronutrients, and water-soluble fertilizer of micronutrients.

5. Application of the regulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in citrus cultivation.

6. Use of the regulation method according to claim 5 in citrus cultivation, characterized in that: The flower-promoting regulator A and the flower-promoting regulator B are used to spray the whole citrus tree for promoting flower formation and strengthening flowers. They are sprayed after 4 o'clock on sunny days until the front and back sides of all leaves of the whole plant are wet and the liquid medicine does not drip, and the water consumption per mu is controlled at 300 - 400 L.

7. Use of the regulation method according to claim 5 in citrus cultivation, characterized in that: The citrus is selected from any one of Ehime 38, Wogan, Shatangju, Ugly Orange, Newhall Navel Orange, Tangerine, Ehime 28, Ponkan, Spring Orange, Dekopon, and Luanwan.

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