A BIM-based 3D design method for tunnel portal slope

Abstract

The present invention discloses a BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal side slopes, comprising the following steps: creating a slope cross-section template database; creating tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines; creating cross-sections of key points of the side slope and back slope; creating intermediate cross-sections of the side slope and back slope, creating spatial surfaces representing the side slope and back slope bodies; creating intersection lines between the slope spatial surfaces and the terrain surface, and using the intersection lines to cut the terrain surface. The present invention implements BIM-based three-dimensional design of tunnel portal side slopes by constructing slope cross-section templates and side slope path baselines, instantiating slope cross sections on the path baselines, interactively computing each cross section with the three-dimensional terrain to form spatial broken line segments, constructing triangulated networks between adjacent slope cross-section broken line segments to form slope spatial surfaces, and finally completing the side slope BIM design through terrain cutting, significantly improving the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design and having significant promotion and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of building technology, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new tool in architecture, engineering, and civil engineering. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is defined as a building or construction engineering information model that contains complete and sufficient information to support lifecycle management and can be directly interpreted by computer applications. In short, it is the lifecycle management of the built environment supported by digital technology.

[0003] In tunnel engineering, the design of portal slopes is crucial. Previously, the two-dimensional cross-section method was used for portal slope design, which failed to fully grasp the interrelationships between the terrain, slope, and tunnel structure. This resulted in design results that were significantly different from the actual site conditions and could not meet on-site construction requirements. At the same time, in the context of infrastructure information construction management and intelligent operation and maintenance management, BIM design results that truly reflect the actual site conditions can also provide information models for the construction and operation and maintenance phases. Tunnel portal earthwork consists of two main parts: the side slope and the slope. The cross-sectional forms of these two types of slopes differ significantly, making BIM design difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slopes to promote the development of BIM technology for tunnel engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal side slope based on BIM.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A. Create a slope cross-section template database;

[0007] B. Create tunnel side slope and upslope path baselines;

[0008] C. Create cross sections of key points of side slopes and back slopes;

[0009] D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and back slope;

[0010] E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface.

[0011] Furthermore, step A creates a slope cross-section template database. The specific process is as follows:

[0012] First, create a two-dimensional point set with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system;

[0013] Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in sequence to form a set of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end;

[0014] Then, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting and ending points, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and heading towards the end point. n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1.

[0015] Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and upslope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

[0016] Furthermore, step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines. The specific process is as follows:

[0017] First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the upslope project near the tunnel entrance;

[0018] Then, connect the key points to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end;

[0019] Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines;

[0020] Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line;

[0021] Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the upslope baseline are formed, which are located at the ends of the upslope baseline.

[0022] Furthermore, step B also includes extending the baseline, and the specific process is as follows:

[0023] First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent line of the side slope reference line;

[0024] Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope baseline, extend a certain distance along the tangent of the upslope baseline in the direction away from the tunnel centerline.

[0025] Furthermore, step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0026] First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the key points and endpoints of the extended side slope and back slope baselines.

[0027] Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the middle key point or end point of the side slope baseline;

[0028] Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space;

[0029] Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line;

[0030] Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

[0031] Furthermore, step D creates the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0032] First, on each side slope or back slope baseline, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length between each two adjacent key point cross sections;

[0033] Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with the step length as the interval. The length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

[0034] Furthermore, step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0035] First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in steps C and D, as well as intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set;

[0036] Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain, and the intersection point is calculated;

[0037] Then, the above intersection point is used to cut off the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained;

[0038] After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial broken line composed of several three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end;

[0039] Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

[0040] Furthermore, in step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created, and the back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are cut with each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are cut with each other.

[0041] Furthermore, step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows:

[0042] First, the intersection points calculated by intersecting the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are combined into a point set;

[0043] Then, add the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B to the above set;

[0044] Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

[0045] Furthermore, step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows:

[0046] First, stretch the created 3D straight line segment set vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a 3D surface.

[0047] Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned three-dimensional spatial surface.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] The present invention realizes the three-dimensional design of the tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. By constructing the slope cross-section template and the side slope path baseline, the slope cross-section is instantiated on the path baseline, and each cross-section interacts with the three-dimensional terrain to form a spatial broken line segment. A triangulated network is constructed between adjacent slope cross-section broken line segments to form a slope spatial surface. Finally, the BIM design of the side slope is completed through terrain cutting, which greatly improves the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design and has obvious promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped side slope and back slope path reference line in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the extension of the side slope and back slope path baseline in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of creating a spatial triangulation between two adjacent truncated cross sections in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0055] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope includes the following steps:

[0056] A. Create a slope cross-section template database;

[0057] B. Create tunnel side slope and upslope path baselines;

[0058] C. Create cross sections of key points of side slopes and back slopes;

[0059] D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and back slope;

[0060] E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface.

[0061] Step A creates a slope cross-section template database. The specific process is as follows:

[0062] First, create a two-dimensional point set with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system;

[0063] Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in sequence to form a set of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end;

[0064] Then, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting and ending points, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and heading towards the end point. n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1.

[0065] Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and upslope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

[0066] Step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines. The specific process is as follows:

[0067] First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the upslope project near the tunnel entrance;

[0068] Then, connect the key points to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end;

[0069] Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines;

[0070] Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line;

[0071] Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the upslope baseline are formed, which are located at the ends of the upslope baseline.

[0072] Step B also includes extending the baseline, and the specific process is as follows:

[0073] First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent line of the side slope reference line;

[0074] Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope baseline, extend a certain distance along the tangent of the upslope baseline in the direction away from the tunnel centerline.

[0075] Step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0076] First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the key points and endpoints of the extended side slope and back slope baselines.

[0077] Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the middle key point or end point of the side slope baseline;

[0078] Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space;

[0079] Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line;

[0080] Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

[0081] Step D: Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0082] First, on each side slope or back slope baseline, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length between each two adjacent key point cross sections;

[0083] Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with the step length as the interval. The length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

[0084] Step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0085] First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in steps C and D, as well as intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set;

[0086] Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain, and the intersection point is calculated;

[0087] Then, the above intersection point is used to cut off the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained;

[0088] After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial broken line composed of several three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end;

[0089] Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

[0090] In step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created. The back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are cut with each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are cut with each other.

[0091] Step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows:

[0092] First, the intersection points calculated by intersecting the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are combined into a point set;

[0093] Then, add the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B to the above set;

[0094] Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

[0095] Step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows:

[0096] First, stretch the created 3D straight line segment set vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a 3D surface.

[0097] Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned three-dimensional spatial surface.

[0098] Specifically, in step D, a spatial surface is created based on a spatial polyline. The specific process is as follows:

[0099] First, for two adjacent truncated cross sections, the number of three-dimensional space straight line segments in the first cross section is n1, and the number of three-dimensional space straight line segments in the second cross section is n2, assuming n1>n2;

[0100] Then, starting from the origin, extract n2 straight line segments of the first cross section in sequence, and starting from the origin, extract all straight line segments of the second cross section in sequence to form n2 line-line pairs. Each line-line pair consists of a line from the first cross section and a line from the second cross section. Create a spatial triangulated surface with these two spatial lines as boundaries.

[0101] Then, for the n1-n2 lines in the first cross section, each line forms a line-point pair with the end point of the last line segment in the second cross section, and a spatial triangulation is created with this line and this point as the boundary.

[0102] Finally, n1 spatial triangulated networks are spliced ​​together to form a spatial surface, and the spatial surfaces between all adjacent cross sections are spliced ​​together to form a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope.

[0103] Specifically, in step D, the spatial curved surface of the upslope and the spatial curved surface of the side slope are cut with each other. The specific process is as follows:

[0104] First, the slope spatial surface is cut into two parts using the upslope spatial surface as a cutting tool, and only the part closest to the endpoint of the U-shaped slope and the upslope path baseline is retained;

[0105] Then, the side slope spatial surface is used as a cutting tool to cut the upslope spatial surface into two parts, and only the part with the shortest distance to the tunnel centerline is retained.

[0106] The present invention realizes the three-dimensional design of the tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. By constructing the slope cross-section template and the side slope path baseline, the slope cross-section is instantiated on the path baseline, and each cross-section interacts with the three-dimensional terrain to form a spatial broken line segment. A triangulated network is constructed between adjacent slope cross-section broken line segments to form a slope spatial surface. Finally, the BIM design of the side slope is completed through terrain cutting, which greatly improves the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design and has obvious promotion and application value.

Claims

1. A BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope, characterized by: The following steps are involved: A. Create a slope cross-section template database; B. Create tunnel side slope and upslope path baselines; C. Create cross sections of key points of side slopes and back slopes; D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and back slope; E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface; Step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines. The specific process is as follows: First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the upslope project near the tunnel entrance; Then, connect the key points to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end; Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines; Next, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line; Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the upslope reference line are formed, which are located at the ends of the upslope reference line; Step B also includes extending the baseline, and the specific process is as follows: First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent line of the side slope reference line; Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope reference line, extend a certain distance along the tangent line of the upslope reference line in the direction away from the tunnel centerline; Step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the key points and endpoints of the extended side slope and back slope baselines. Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the middle key point or end point of the side slope baseline; Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space; Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line; Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

2. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step A creates a slope cross-section template database. The specific process is as follows: First, create a two-dimensional point set with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system; Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in sequence to form a set of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end; Then, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting and ending points, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and heading towards the end point. n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1. Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and upslope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

3. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step D: Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, on each side slope or back slope baseline, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length between each two adjacent key point cross sections; Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with the step length as the interval. The length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

4. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in steps C and D, as well as intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set; Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain, and the intersection point is calculated; Then, the above intersection point is used to cut off the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained; After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial broken line composed of several three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end; Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

5. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created. The back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are cut with each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are cut with each other.

6. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the intersection points calculated by intersecting the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are combined into a point set; Then, add the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B to the above set; Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

7. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, stretch the created 3D straight line segment set vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a 3D surface. Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned three-dimensional spatial surface.

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