Vacuum switching tube for switching voltages and method for collecting particles in vacuum switching tube

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter (1) for switching voltages, in particular high voltages, and to a method for collecting particles (12) in a vacuum interrupter (1), comprising at least one housing (2) and at least two contacts (3, 4), the at least one housing comprising at least one vacuumized switching chamber (16). The vacuum interrupter (1) comprises at least one device (5) for collecting particles (12). According to the invention, particles (12), in particular burnt particles from the contacts (3, 4) of the vacuum interrupter (1), in particular by gravity, are collected and / or retained from the contacts (3, 4) in a device (5) in the form of a chamber (11).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vacuum switching tube for switching voltages, comprising at least one housing and at least two contact pieces, wherein at least one housing comprises at least one evacuated switching chamber. The invention also comprises a method for collecting particles in the vacuum switching tube. Background Art

[0002] Vacuum switching tubes are used, for example, in power switches for switching high voltages and / or high currents. In medium-voltage and high-voltage technology, such vacuum switching tubes are used for switching voltages in the range of 1 kV and above in medium-voltage technology, or for switching voltages in the range of greater than / equal to 52 kV in high-voltage technology, and / or for switching large currents in the range of, for example, several tens of kiloamperes. The vacuum switching tube comprises contact pieces or switch contacts that can move relative to each other, and the contact pieces or switch contacts are arranged in at least one evacuated switch chamber, i.e., a vacuum switch chamber. Here, the movable contact piece can be moved by a drive, in particular by a kinematic chain. The switch chamber, for example, comprises a plurality of ceramic segments, in particular hollow cylindrical ceramic segments, which are connected, for example, by metal shielding. The switch chamber is closed in a vacuum-tight manner at the end, for example, by a metal cover element for a fixed contact piece, and for example, by a movably supported, in particular, by a metal bellows for a movable contact piece.

[0003] In switchgear, in particular circuit breakers, the vacuum interrupter is arranged in a housing, for example a metal tank, a dead tank and / or a live tank, and / or an insulating housing, for example a ribbed silicone housing, a ceramic housing and / or a composite housing. The housing is filled with an insulating gas, in particular SF 6 The contact pieces of the vacuum switching tube are guided into the vacuum switching tube, for example, in the form of a pin, and each of the contact pieces has two opposite disk-shaped ends, which are in mechanical and electrical contact with each other in the switched-on state of the vacuum switching tube and have a gap or spacing with each other in the switched-off state of the vacuum switching tube.

[0004] During switching, i.e. during movement of at least one contact piece, and in particular during mechanical separation of the contact pieces connected to each other in the switched-on state, particles can be formed as wear or tear-off, in particular from the surface of the disk-shaped region of the contact piece. Particles in the vacuum interrupter, in particular deposited or adsorbed on the inner surface of the ceramic segment, lead to electrical and electromagnetic interferences, up to electric arcing between the contact pieces in the switched-off state. Electric arcing leads to, for example, limited functionality of the vacuum interrupter in a power switch, up to irreversible destruction of the vacuum interrupter. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vacuum switching tube for switching voltages and a method for collecting particles in the vacuum switching tube, which solve the above-mentioned problems. In particular, the technical problem to be solved is to prevent particles in the vacuum switching tube from causing interference and / or damage, for example during switching, in the open state and / or by leakage currents, arcing and / or by discharges of particles.

[0006] According to the invention, the above-mentioned technical problem is solved by a vacuum switching tube for switching voltages having the features of claim 1 and / or a method for collecting particles in a vacuum switching tube, in particular in the above-mentioned vacuum switching tube, according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the vacuum switching tube for switching voltages according to the invention and / or the method for collecting particles in a vacuum switching tube according to the invention are given in the dependent claims. The subject matter of the main claim can be combined with the features of the dependent claims, and the features of the dependent claims can be combined with each other.

[0007] The vacuum switching tube for switching voltages according to the invention comprises at least one housing and at least two contact pieces, wherein at least one housing comprises at least one evacuated switching chamber. According to the invention, at least one device for collecting particles is included.

[0008] By collecting the particles in a device for collecting particles, it is prevented that the particles are deposited in the vacuum switch tube in an uncontrolled manner, in particular on insulating parts, for example on ceramic segments of the housing, or are adsorbed thereon. Particles are, for example, burnout of the contact pieces, which is generated by arcs during switching, and / or wear of the contact pieces, which is generated in particular by switching movements. The particles are at least partially conductive, so that the particles can cause electric arcs on the insulating parts, which can damage and / or destroy the vacuum switch tube. The collection of particles reduces and / or prevents the problems described above, in that the particles are collected or stored at non-critical locations, where the particles do not cause interference or cause reduced interference, in particular no electric arcs. Damage to the vacuum switch tube is thus prevented, up to the point of destruction.

[0009] The device can be designed to collect particles by gravity. Gravity is a reliable, trouble-free force, the action of which allows reliable collection of particles. In particular, particles generated on the contact fall in the vacuum switch tube in the direction of gravity or downwards and are collected in the device for collecting particles, which has the advantages described above. As an alternative or in addition to gravity, forces such as electrostatic forces and / or electromagnetic forces can also cause the particles to be collected in the device for collecting particles.

[0010] The device can be designed in the manner of a particle catcher, which in particular functions by settling particles from at least one evacuated switch chamber. The particles are collected in the particle catcher and are not released again without external action (in particular by a third party). Settling, i.e. the deposition of particles as sediment, is the accumulation or deposition of particles or particles under the influence of gravity and / or other forces (e.g. centrifugal forces in rotating systems). The collection and retention of particles in the device prevents the particles from being deposited on insulating parts, such as ceramic segments, which has the advantages mentioned above, and / or prevents the particles from being adsorbed on contacts, wherein the particles disrupt or impede the electric field during switching, disrupt or impede the electrical contact and / or mechanical contact between the contacts when adsorbed on the contacts.

[0011] The device can be designed as a separate chamber for collecting particles, which in particular causes the retention of particles from the contact piece. In addition to the opening in the separate chamber for the entry of particles, a separate chamber adjacent to the switching chamber and spatially separated can enable the collection and in particular permanent retention of particles from parts or components in the switching chamber, such as insulating parts, such as ceramic segments, and / or from the contact piece, which has the advantages described above.

[0012] The device can be designed as a chamber for collecting particles integrated in the housing, the chamber in particular causing the retention of particles from the contact pieces, the chamber in particular being arranged on the circumference of the vacuum switching tube and at least partially and / or completely in the region between the contact pieces along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube. The design of the device enables a simple, cost-effective device in the housing with good access to the switching chamber for simple and effective collection of particles in the device, in particular when arranged on the circumference of the vacuum switching tube and at least partially and / or completely in the region between the contact pieces along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube.

[0013] The at least one housing may include at least one main shield and at least two ceramic segments, in particular at least one main shield is arranged between at least two ceramic segments along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube, wherein at least one of the devices may be surrounded by at least one main shield. The device may be constructed in the main shield and / or arranged on the main shield, in particular arranged outside the housing of the vacuum switch tube with an opening toward the switching chamber, and / or may be spatially surrounded by the main shield or surrounded by the main shield. The main shield between the ceramic segments is arranged in the region of the contacts, in particular in the contact region between the contacts, whereby the device included in the main shield and / or surrounded by the main shield may in particular collect particles generated in the region of mechanical and / or electrical contact between the contacts.

[0014] The at least one device may have at least one opening, in particular at least one opening of a separate chamber for collecting particles. A separate chamber with one or more openings is well suited for allowing particles to enter the chamber and in particular to remain permanently in the chamber, which has the advantages described above.

[0015] In the case of a horizontal position of the vacuum interrupter, in particular in the case of a longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter parallel to the horizontal plane of the ground surface, the at least one device can be constructed, in particular only in the lower region of the housing of the vacuum interrupter. In particular, particles are well collected and retained in such a device by the effect of gravity or during sedimentation, wherein the effect of gravity, for example in combination with a small opening of the chamber of the device, in particular towards the switching chamber, effectively keeps particles away from the switching chamber or retains and collects particles, which has the advantages described above.

[0016] The at least one device may comprise a wall, in particular a wall comprising and / or forming at least one opening,

[0017] - wherein the wall can be designed to be inclined toward the opening, in particular at an angle not equal to zero relative to the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter, and / or

[0018] - wherein the wall can be designed in a T-shaped manner, and / or

[0019] - Wherein, the wall can be constructed in a U-shaped and / or V-shaped manner, in particular with a U-shaped and / or V-shaped recess. The wall can realize the formation of a chamber or a defined area, which can realize the retention and storage or collection of particles, which has the advantages described above. For the inclined wall towards at least one opening, gravity in particular causes the movement of particles or the transportation of particles towards the corresponding opening, through the opening and the collection and retention of particles in the device for collecting particles. Similarly, U-shaped and / or V-shaped walls can realize the movement of particles or the transportation of particles towards at least one collection area, in particular the lowest point, which is away from the contact and / or insulating part, such as a ceramic segment, and can realize the collection and preservation of particles in this area. T-shaped walls can also realize the formation of a chamber or a defined area, which can realize the retention and storage or collection of particles, in particular a plurality of T-shaped walls. A combination of walls, in particular a combination of walls with different shapes, can be used to construct a collection area for particles.

[0020] The at least one device may have at least one elliptical, polygonal and / or circular cross section. Other shapes or cross sections, in particular shapes that can form at least one chamber or defined area, are possible, which can retain and store or collect particles, which have the advantages described above.

[0021] Vacuum switching tubes can be designed for switching high voltages, in particular for switching voltages greater than 52 kV. At high voltages, in particular in the high voltage range, particles lead to the above-mentioned disadvantages, in particular adsorbing in the region of insulating parts such as ceramic segments and / or on contact pieces. At high voltages, arcing occurs more strongly on contaminated surfaces to which particles are adsorbed. At high voltages, arcing leads to damage to or even destruction of the vacuum switching tube and / or can restrict its functionality, in particular during switching.

[0022] The method according to the invention for collecting particles in a vacuum switching tube, in particular in the vacuum switching tube described above, comprises that particles, in particular burnt particles from contacts of the vacuum switching tube, are collected from the contacts, in particular by gravity, and / or retained in a device in the form of a chamber.

[0023] The advantages of the method according to the invention for collecting particles in a vacuum switching tube, in particular in the vacuum switching tube described above, according to claim 12 are similar to the advantages described above of the vacuum switching tube according to the invention for switching voltages according to claim 1 , and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the drawings and are described in detail below.

[0025] In the attached figure:

[0026] Figure 1 Schematically shows a side sectional view of a vacuum switching tube 1 for switching voltages, which has a housing 2 and two contact pieces 3 and 4, wherein the housing comprises an evacuated switching chamber 16, and

[0027] Figure 2 Schematically shows the Figure 1 a section of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, the device having a chamber 11 with a central opening 9; the device being composed of an inclined wall 10 and a main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, and

[0028] Figure 3 Schematically shows a similar Figure 2 A detail of a vacuum switching tube 1 according to the invention having an inclined wall 10 which is additionally bent toward the opening 9, and

[0029] Figure 4 Schematically shows the Figure 1a section of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, the device having a chamber 11 with a lateral opening 9; the device being composed of an inclined wall 10 and a main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, and

[0030] Figure 5 Schematically shows the Figure 1 A section of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, the device having two chambers 11, each of which has a lateral opening 9; the device being composed of a T-shaped wall 10 and a main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, and

[0031] Figure 6 Schematically shows the Figure 1 A part of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, the device having three chambers 11, each of which has an opening 9; the device is composed of two T-shaped walls 10 and a main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, and

[0032] Figure 7 Schematically shows the Figure 1 A section of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, the device having two chambers 11, each of which has an opening 9; the device is composed of a rounded T-shaped wall 10 and a main shielding 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, wherein the main shielding 11 comprises a wall 10 configured as a U-shaped recess, and

[0033] Figure 8 Schematically shows the Figure 1 A detail of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, which device is formed by a main shielding 11 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which comprises a wall 10 configured as a U-shaped recess, and

[0034] Fig. 9 Schematically shows the Figure 1 a detail of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention having a structure of , which comprises a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, which has a chamber 11 with an elliptical cross section, which has an opening 9; the device is composed of a wall 10 designed as a recess in the main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1, and

[0035] Fig.10 Schematically shows the Figure 1Detail of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention, having a structure of , comprising a device 5 according to the invention for collecting particles 12, which device is formed by a main shielding 11 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which comprises a wall 10 designed as two adjacent, rounded V-shaped recesses, and

[0036] Fig.11 Schematically shows the Figure 1 1 , which comprises a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention, which is composed of a main shielding 11 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which comprises walls 10 designed as two adjacent, rounded V-shaped recesses, which are each provided with an inclined curved wall 10 as a cover, thereby respectively obtaining an opening 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Figure 1 Schematically, a vacuum switching tube 1 for switching voltages, in particular high voltages in the range of greater than / equal to 52 kV, is shown in a sectional view from one side. The vacuum switching tube 1 has a housing 2, which further comprises a central main shield 6 and first and second ceramic segments 7, 8 connected flush on the right and left sides, respectively. The main shield 6 and the ceramic segments 7, 8 are constructed as hollow cylinders or tubes, with the center axis arranged along the longitudinal axis 13 of the vacuum switching tube 1, and are closed at the ends of the vacuum switching tube 1 in a fluid-tight manner. The housing 2 forms a switching chamber 16 or surrounds the switching chamber 16 in a vacuum-tight manner. Inside, the vacuum switching tube 1 is evacuated or a vacuum exists.

[0038] The main shield 6 is made of metal, in particular copper and / or steel, for example, and includes a vapor-deposited shield inside, which is not shown in the drawings for simplicity. The hollow cylindrical ceramic segments 7, 8 are made of sintered ceramics, for example, and are in particular surface-treated. The ceramic segments 7, 8 include, for example, ceramic segment elements, which are connected to each other by vapor shields, which are not shown in the drawings for simplicity. Here, the connection is performed, for example, during a brazing process in a furnace at several hundred degrees Celsius when manufacturing the vacuum interrupter 1. The vapor shield is made of metal, in particular copper and / or steel, for example, and is annular. Inside the vacuum interrupter 1, the vapor shield includes, for example, a vapor-deposited shield, which is not shown in the drawings for simplicity. Pulled outward, the vapor shield, for example, extends from the vacuum interrupter 1 in the form of a flat ring or exceeds the periphery of the ceramic segment element. The vapor shield divides the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8 into ceramic segment elements.

[0039] The contact pieces 3 and 4 extend from the ends of the cylindrical vacuum interrupter 1 into the housing 2 of the vacuum interrupter 1. For example, the fixed contact piece 3 enters from one side or the base surface of the cylinder, and the movable contact piece 4 enters from the other side or the cover surface of the cylinder. The ends of the contact pieces 3 and 4 facing the outside of the vacuum interrupter 1 are designed as bolts or cylinders, and the ends facing the inside of the vacuum interrupter 1, that is, the ends in the housing 2 are designed as disc-shaped contact piece ends 15. The two contact piece ends 15, that is, the corresponding contact piece ends 15 of the first fixed contact piece 3 and the corresponding contact piece ends 15 of the second movable contact piece 4 are arranged oppositely in the housing 2, and the housing has a flat cylinder or a disc shape arranged parallel to each other. The contact piece ends 15 are grooved in the opposite surfaces, for example, so as to guide the arc on the surface during switching.

[0040] The contact pieces 3 and 4 are made of copper, for example, and in particular have copper rods, steel rods and / or aluminum rods. The first contact piece 4 is fixedly connected to the housing 2, for example, by a cover, in particular metal, for example steel. The second contact piece 4 is movably supported in the housing 2, for example, by a bellows 14, in particular metal, for example steel. During switching, the movable contact piece 4 moves toward the fixed contact piece 3, that is, during the connection process, until there is electrical contact and / or mechanical contact between the two contact pieces 3 and 4; or the movable contact piece 4 moves away from the fixed contact piece 3, that is, during the disconnection process, until the electrical contact and / or mechanical contact between the two contact pieces 3 and 4 is eliminated and a gap is formed between the contact pieces 3 and 4. The gap spacing between the contact pieces 3 and 4 is large enough so that no electric arcing occurs between the contact pieces 3 and 4 when a voltage is applied.

[0041] During switching, in particular during disconnection, an arc burns between the contact pieces 3 and 4, which arc extinguishes when the gap spacing is sufficient (depending on the switching voltage). The arc can cause the contact pieces 3 and 4 to be welded or connected to each other in the switched-on state, which is mechanically released by sufficient force consumption during disconnection. Due to the release of the connection of the disk-shaped contact piece end 15 during disconnection and / or due to the arc and the movement of the contact pieces 3 and 4, particles 12, in particular burnt particles, can be generated during switching. The particles 12 are deposited in the evacuated, closed housing 2 of the vacuum switching tube 1, for example, on the inner surface of the ceramic segments 7, 8 and / or on the contact pieces 3, 4.

[0042] The ceramic segments 7, 8 are made of electrically insulating ceramic, which prevents electric arcing between the contacts 3, 4 when a voltage is applied to the contacts 3, 4 in the disconnected state of the vacuum interrupter 1 without the particles 12. The space between the contacts 3, 4 is insulated by the vacuum, and the housing 2 between the contacts 3, 4 is electrically insulated by the ceramic segments 7, 8, except for the region of the main shield 6. The particles 12 on the inner surface of the ceramic segments 7, 8 can weaken or eliminate the insulating effect, whereby electric arcing between the contacts 3, 4 across the ceramic segments 7, 8 is possible when a voltage is applied. These arcs lead to a limited function of the vacuum interrupter 1 and can lead to damage to the vacuum interrupter 1 up to irreversible destruction.

[0043] Particles 12 adsorbed on the contact pieces 3, 4, in particular in the region of the contact piece ends 15, may cause arcing and / or hinder the guidance of the arc. In addition, particles 12 that are, for example, non-conductive or limitedly conductive, may hinder the electrical and / or mechanical contact of the contact pieces 3 and 4 in the switched-on state, until contact is prevented.

[0044] It is therefore intended to prevent particles 12 from accumulating on insulating parts of the vacuum switching tube 1, such as the ceramic segments 7, 8, and / or on conducting parts, such as the contact pieces 3, 4.

[0045] exist Figure 2 Schematically shows a part of a vacuum switch tube 1 according to the invention, which includes a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention. The part shows the lower half of the vacuum switch tube 1 in a sectional view, which has a Figure 1 and additionally has a chamber 11 as a device 5 for collecting particles 12. The chamber 11 is formed by an inclined wall 10 and the region of the main shield 6 of the vacuum interrupter 1. The inclined wall 10 includes an opening 9 in the middle, which is designed to allow particles 12 to enter the chamber 11.

[0046] Figure 2 The vacuum switching tube 1 is arranged in a horizontal position, with the longitudinal axis 13 of the vacuum switching tube being perpendicular to the force of gravity. Figure 2, the longitudinal axis 13 is shown horizontally in the drawing plane. In the region of the disk-shaped contact end 15, in particular in the middle of the vacuum interrupter 1, the main shield 6 is arranged between the first ceramic segment 7 on the left and the second ceramic segment 8 on the right. For simplicity, the additional steam shield of the main shield 6 is not shown in the drawing. The wall 10 can have the function of a steam shield in particular. The main shield 6 is constructed as a hollow cylinder similar to the ceramic segments 7, 8, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the ceramic segments 7, 8, wherein the diameter of the main shield 6 is reduced to the diameter of the ceramic segments 7, 8 in the region facing the ceramic segments 7, 8, respectively. In this sectional view, a pot-shaped main shield 6 is obtained between the ceramic segments 7, 8, which is closed upwards, i.e. towards the longitudinal axis 13, by the wall 10, and has a central opening 9.

[0047] The wall 10 is designed obliquely toward the opening 9, i.e., with an increasing distance from the longitudinal axis 13 to the opening 9. The wall 10 thus has a slope toward the opening, which guides the particles 12 to the opening 9 or moves the particles 12 under the effect of gravity toward the opening 9, the particles 12 falling from the contact pieces 3, 4 or the disk-shaped contact piece ends 15 onto the wall 10 under the effect of gravity. The particles 12 pass through the opening 9 and fall into the chamber 11, wherein the particles 12 are “trapped” in the chamber due to the small size of the opening 9, i.e., are generally prevented or blocked from coming out of the chamber 11. In the case of chamber sizes in the range of a few centimeters to decimeters, the order of magnitude of the opening 9 is, for example, in the range of millimeters to centimeters.

[0048] The chamber 11 is formed, for example, circumferentially around the vacuum interrupter 1 and has a slot as an opening 9 and / or one or more, in particular circular, openings 9 which are arranged, for example, on a circumferential line or parallel to a circumferential line. Alternatively, the chamber 11 is formed in one area, such as Figure 2 As shown, this region comprises only the lower region of the vacuum interrupter tube 1 which is arranged horizontally, ie with a longitudinal axis 13 perpendicular to the direction of gravity, and which has at least one slot opening and / or circular opening 9 .

[0049] Particles 12 are generated, for example, during switching, especially by wear, burning and / or when the contact pieces 3 and 4 are separated, especially by tearing off from the disc-shaped contact piece end 15, and the particles 12 are smaller than the diameter of the opening 9 in the maximum diameter. Such particles 12 fall into the chamber 11 by gravity and are collected and retained there. As a result, the collected particles 12, for example, do not adsorb on the inner surface of the ceramic segments 7 and 8 and / or the contact pieces 3 and 4, and do not interfere with the switching process and / or change the electric field distribution in the area of ​​the contact pieces 7 and 8 when the switching is continued, or do not cause electric arcing across the ceramic segments 7 and 8 in the disconnected state of the vacuum switching tube 1. Damage and / or destruction of the vacuum switching tube caused by particles 12 can therefore be prevented.

[0050] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 3 , an alternative embodiment of a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention is schematically shown in sectional view as a detail of a vacuum interrupter 1 , which has a wall 10 which has a curvature or a gradually increasing slope towards the opening 9 .

[0051] Similar to Figure 2 , which shows the lower half of the vacuum switching tube 1 in a sectional view. Figure 2 The implementation methods are different. Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention, the device 5 for collecting particles 12 comprises a wall 10 which does not descend continuously toward the opening 9, but has a strongly increasing slope in the region of the opening 9. The wall is curved toward the opening 9, for example, in a cross-sectional view, it has a semicircular curvature toward the interior of the chamber. Due to the additional curvature around the opening 9, the particles 12 are accelerated to move into the chamber 11 and can be better retained in the chamber, especially in the case of a filled chamber 11.

[0052] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 4 Schematically in sectional view is shown an alternative embodiment of a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, which has one wall 10 instead of two walls 10. Figure 2 , which shows in section the lower half of the vacuum interrupter tube 1. The opening 9 is formed on one side of the chamber 11, and the wall 10 has, in particular, a continuous slope towards the opening.

[0053] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 5 Schematically in sectional view is shown another alternative embodiment of a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, which has a T-shaped wall 10 which is arranged centrally on the main shield 6. Figure 2 , which shows in section the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1. Two chambers 11 are constructed on the right and left sides of the T by one or more T-shaped walls 10 as a device 5, which has openings 9, which are arranged on the edge facing the main shield 6 or towards the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8.

[0054] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 6 , a further alternative embodiment of a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention is schematically shown in cross section as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, which has two T-shaped walls 10 which are arranged adjacent to each other centrally on the main shield 6. Figure 2, which shows the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1 in a sectional view. Three chambers 11 are constructed as a device 5 by two adjacent T-shaped walls 10 on the right and left sides of the respective T and in the middle between the two T-shaped parts, which respectively have openings 9 on the edges facing the main shield 6 or the respective ceramic segments 7, 8, and have an opening 9 in the middle between the two T-shaped parts.

[0055] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 7 , a further alternative embodiment of a device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention is schematically shown in cross section as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, which has a curved T-shaped wall 10 which is arranged centrally in a U-shaped recess in the main shield 6. Figure 2 , which shows the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1 in a sectional view. Two chambers 11 are constructed as devices 5 on the right and left sides of the T by one or more T-shaped walls 10, which have openings 9 on the edges facing the main shield 6 or the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8. The bends of the edges of the T-shaped portions facing the main shield 6 or the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8 in the direction of the chambers 11 are similar to Figure 3 The embodiment enables accelerated movement of particles 12 into the chamber 11 and better retention of particles 12 in the chamber 11. Here, the U-shaped recess in the main shield 6 increases the corresponding chamber internal volume and increases the distance between the particles 12 in the chamber 11 and critical areas, such as the inner surface of the ceramic segments 7, 8 and the middle area of ​​the disc-shaped contact end 15. The particles 12 can be better collected and retained in the chamber 11.

[0056] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 8 , another alternative embodiment of the device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention is schematically shown in a sectional view as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, with a U-shaped recess in the main shield 6 as the device 5, which is arranged centrally in the main shield 6. Figure 2 , which shows the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1 in a sectional view. The U-shaped region of the main shield 6 acts similarly to the wall 10, wherein particles 12 are collected in this region, especially by gravity, and particles 12 are retained in this region. Figure 8 In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , no additional wall 10 is provided for retention, thereby saving material and costs.

[0057] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Fig. 9, a further alternative embodiment of the device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the invention is schematically shown in a sectional view as a part of a vacuum interrupter 1, wherein an elliptical recess in the main shield 6 instead of a U-shaped recess is provided as the device 5, which is arranged centrally in the main shield 6. Figure 2 , which shows the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1 in a sectional view. The ellipsoidal region of the main shield 6 acts similarly to the wall 10, wherein particles 12 are collected in this region, especially by gravity, and particles 12 are retained in this region. The ellipsoidal shape of the device 5 is formed with an opening 9 in the center of the main shield 6, which opens toward the contact pieces 3, 4 or their disk-shaped ends 15. Fig. 9 In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , no additional wall 10 is provided for retention, thereby saving material and costs.

[0058] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Fig.10 , another alternative embodiment of the device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the present invention is schematically shown in a cross-sectional view as a part of the vacuum interrupter 1, with two U-shaped recesses or two V-shaped recesses with rounded tips in the main shield 6 as the device 5, which are respectively arranged on the side of the main shield 6 facing the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8. Figure 2 , which shows the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1 in a sectional view. The U-shaped or rounded V-shaped region of the main shield 6 is similar to Figure 8 Embodiments of the invention are effective in which particles 12 are collected in these regions, in particular by gravity-enhanced collection, and particles 12 remain in these regions. Fig.10 In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , no further wall 10 is provided for retention, which likewise saves material and effort.

[0059] Similar to Figure 2 ,exist Fig.11 1 schematically shows another alternative embodiment of the device 5 for collecting particles 12 according to the present invention in a cross-sectional view as a part of the vacuum switch tube 1, in which two U-shaped recesses or two V-shaped recesses with rounded tips are provided in the main shield 6 as the device 5, which are respectively arranged on the side of the main shield 6 facing the corresponding ceramic segments 7, 8, similar to Fig.10 Additionally, similar to Figure 4 , an inclined wall is provided above the U-shaped recess or the V-shaped recess with a rounded tip 10. The wall 10 has a decreasing slope toward the corresponding opening 9, which is arranged at the side of the chamber 11 formed by the wall 10, in the middle of the main shield 6. Similar to Figure 2, which shows in section the lower half of the vacuum interrupter 1. The region of the primary shield 6, which is designed in a U-shape or a rounded V-shape in conjunction with the wall 10, forms a chamber 11, which allows for an enhanced collection of particles 12 in this region (particularly by gravity) and for the retention of particles 12 in this region by the wall 10.

[0060] The embodiments described above can be combined with each other and / or with the prior art. Thus, for example, multiple devices 5 for collecting particles 12 can be constructed in the vacuum interrupter 1, in particular with different shapes. Other shapes of the device 5 that are not shown in the embodiment are also possible. Instead of being in the main shield 6 or on the main shield 6, the device 5 can be arranged or constructed, for example, in the ceramic segment 7 and / or 8 or on the ceramic segment 7 and / or 8.

[0061] The vacuum switch tube 1 can be electrically contacted by the outwardly directed bolts of the fixed contact 3 and the movable contact 4. The movable contact 4 can realize electrical switching by moving toward the fixed contact 3 and away from the fixed contact 3, that is, closing the gap between the disc-shaped contact ends 15 of the contacts 3 and 4 when connected, and generating a gap between the disc-shaped contact ends 15 of the contacts 3 and 4 when disconnected. Both contacts can also be configured to be movable. More than two contacts can also be arranged in the vacuum switch tube 1. The gap generated between the contact ends 15 of the contacts 3 and 4 and the contact ends themselves are arranged in the evacuated interior of the vacuum switch tube 1, whereby a gap in the range of millimeters to centimeters is sufficient for disconnecting high voltages in particular. The vacuum switch tube 1 has, for example, a length in the range of 30 to 100 centimeters in particular and a circumference in the range of 10 to 100 centimeters in particular. A plurality of vacuum switch tubes 1 can be connected to each other, in particular in series and / or in parallel.

[0062] The chamber 11 of the vacuum switching tube 1 can have different shapes, in particular a cube, tetrahedron, pyramid, prism, octahedron, cylinder, cone and / or truncated cone, sphere and / or torus. The wall 10 is made of metal, in particular copper and / or steel, and / or plastic, and / or ceramic, for example. The wall thickness is, for example, in the range of micrometers to millimeters. The wall surface is, for example, in the range of square millimeters to square centimeters. In the case where the particles 12 have a diameter, for example, in the range of micrometers to millimeters, the opening 9 is, for example, in the range of millimeters to centimeters. The size of the opening 9 is in the range of the particle size or slightly larger, in particular in the range of the maximum size of the particles 12. The chamber volume is, for example, in the range of cubic millimeters to cubic decimeters.

[0063] The disruptive effect of particles 12 can be reduced or even avoided by means of a device 5 for collecting particles 12, in particular wear particles and / or burn particles of the contact pieces 3, 4. Disruptions to the switching process and / or field distribution in the vacuum switching tube 1 due to short circuits of particles 12 and the associated damage up to the point of damaging the vacuum switching tube 1 can be prevented. The particles 12 are collected and / or retained in a region of the vacuum switching tube 1, in particular in a chamber 11, in which the particles cannot cause damage. In the method according to the invention for collecting particles 12 in a vacuum switching tube 1, the particles are collected and / or retained in the device 5 in the form of a chamber 11, in particular by gravity. Here, the form of a chamber 11 also includes, for example, the structures described above in the exemplary embodiments, which in particular have only recesses, for example V-shaped and / or U-shaped recesses without additional walls 10, in particular in the main shield 6. The particles 12 move into the device 5 by the effect of gravity and / or can be collected in the device by, for example, an electromagnetic field. The field can be designed, for example, in such a way that the particles 12 move into the device 5 or support their movement and / or that the particles 12 are retained in the device.

[0064] Reference numerals list

[0065] 1 Vacuum switch tube

[0066] 2 Shell

[0067] 3Fixed contacts

[0068] 4 movable contacts

[0069] 5. Device for collecting particles

[0070] 6 Main shield, in particular a main shield with one or more steam shields

[0071] 7First Ceramic Section

[0072] 8Second ceramic segment

[0073] 9 Opening

[0074] 10 walls

[0075] 11 Chambers

[0076] 12 particles, especially burned particles

[0077] 13 Vertical axis

[0078] 14 Bellows

[0079] 15 disc contact end

[0080] 16 Switch room or vacuumed space

Claims

1. A vacuum switching tube (1) for switching voltage, comprising at least one housing (2) and at least two contact pieces (3, 4), wherein: The at least one housing comprises at least one evacuated switching chamber (16), Characterized in that it comprises at least one device (5) for collecting particles (12).

2. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device (5) is configured to collect particles (12) by gravity.

3. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The device (5) is designed in the manner of a particle trap which acts in particular by settling particles (12) from the at least one evacuated switching chamber (16).

4. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The device (5) is designed as a separate chamber (11) for collecting particles (12), which separate chamber in particular brings about the retention of particles (12) from the contact elements (3, 4).

5. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The device (5) is constructed as a chamber (11) for collecting the particles (12) integrated in the housing (2), the chamber in particular causing the particles (12) to be retained from the contact pieces (3, 4), in particular being arranged on the circumference of the vacuum switching tube (1) and along the longitudinal axis (13) of the vacuum switching tube (1) at least partially and / or completely in the area between the contact pieces (3, 4).

6. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The at least one housing (2) comprises at least one main shield (6) and at least two ceramic segments (7, 8), in particular the at least one main shield (6) is arranged between the at least two ceramic segments (7, 8) along the longitudinal axis (13) of the vacuum interrupter (1), wherein the at least one device (5) is surrounded by the at least one main shield (6).

7. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The at least one device (5) has at least one opening (9), in particular at least one opening (9) of a separate chamber (11) for collecting particles (12).

8. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that When the vacuum switching tube (1) is in a horizontal position, in particular when the longitudinal axis (13) of the vacuum switching tube is parallel to the horizontal line of the earth's surface, the at least one device (5) is especially only formed in the lower area of ​​the housing (2) of the vacuum switching tube (1).

9. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The at least one device (5) comprises a wall (10), in particular a wall (10) comprising at least one opening (9) and / or forming at least one opening (9), - wherein the wall (10) is designed to be inclined toward the opening (9), in particular at an angle not equal to zero relative to the longitudinal axis (13) of the vacuum interrupter (1), and / or - wherein the wall (10) is configured in a T-shape, and / or - wherein the wall (10) is configured in a U-shaped and / or V-shaped manner, in particular having a U-shaped and / or V-shaped recess.

10. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The at least one device (5) has at least one elliptical, polygonal and / or circular cross section.

11. The vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The vacuum switching tube (1) is designed for switching high voltages, in particular for switching voltages greater than 52 kV.

12. A method for collecting particles (12) in a vacuum switching tube (1), in particular a vacuum switching tube (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The particles (12), in particular burnt particles from the contacts (3, 4) of the vacuum switching tube (1), are collected from the contacts (3, 4) in particular by gravity and / or retained in a device (5) in the form of a chamber (11).

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