Duct layout rigid-flexible mixed structure mooring aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a ducted layout rigid-flexible mixed structure mooring aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system which comprises an air aerostat wind power generation system, an air-ground electric energy transmission and mooring cable and a ground anchoring system, and the air aerostat wind power generation system is connected with the ground anchoring system through the air-ground electric energy transmission and mooring cable. The air aerostat wind power generation system comprises a ducted thin-wall truss bearing structure, an annular air bag, an empennage, a skin component and a wind power generator set, and the ducted thin-wall truss bearing structure is provided with a plurality of constraint spaces distributed in the longitudinal direction; the plurality of annular air bags are respectively arranged in the plurality of constraint spaces; a plurality of empennages are arranged at the rear part of the ducted thin-wall truss bearing structure; the ducted thin-wall truss force bearing structure and the multiple empennages are sleeved with the skin component. The wind generating set is installed in the ducted thin-wall truss force bearing structure through the supporting structure. The device is stable in structure, can stably generate power in a long-time air-staying mode, is low in cost, and is autonomous and controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aerial wind power generation, and more specifically to a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Wind energy is a renewable, clean natural resource. The wind energy stored in the sky is more than 100 times the total energy demand of human society. The wind direction is stable in the altitude range of 1km to 15km, and the higher the altitude, the greater the wind energy density (for every 1m increase in altitude, the wind energy density increases by 0.25 to 0.37W / m 2 ), the better the stability, especially in the high-altitude jet stream area of ​​8km to 12km, the wind speed reaches 30m / s to 50m / s throughout the year (for every doubling of wind speed, the wind energy density increases by 7 times), and the duration, stability and quality of wind power generation are better. High-altitude wind energy is a clean energy with good development prospects.

[0003] At present, there are three main technical approaches to the development and utilization of high-altitude wind energy: tethered kite-type technology system (including paragliders and parachute-ladder combinations), tethered aircraft-type technology system (including airborne power generation and ground power generation) and tethered aerostat-type technology system (including power generation load pods and power generation load and capsule integration). Among them, the tethered kite-type technology system and the tethered aircraft-type technology system basically operate below 1km altitude (wind energy density 500W / m 2 Below 3km altitude actually belongs to the low-altitude category), with inherent disadvantages of technical routes such as difficulty in safe and reliable release and recovery, complex control (easy to fall out of control), short continuous hovering time, weak carrying capacity (flight altitude is very limited, single-machine power generation capacity is only hundreds of kW), etc., which can only use unstable low-altitude wind energy resources and the annual available power generation time is short (about 2200h). However, the air density at high altitude is moderate and the buoyancy efficiency is high (net buoyancy of 0.34kg to 0.77kg per cubic meter of volume), which is particularly suitable for the tethered airship technology system to use static buoyancy to safely and stably launch and recover and maintain (it can be easily achieved by dragging the tethering cable by the ground winch), long-term stable hovering and simple control (basically no active flight control is required), and huge potential for carrying capacity. The natural advantages of the technical route fully develop and utilize the abundant wind energy resources at high altitude (especially the jet stream area at an altitude of 10,000 meters, where uninterrupted and stable power generation can last up to the whole year).

[0004] However, the current duct-layout tethered airship high-altitude wind power generation system mainly uses a bulge-shaped high-pressure buoyancy airbag (filled with helium) in the duct to generate static buoyancy for lift and air retention. The built-in wind turbine in the duct captures wind energy and transmits electrical energy to the ground through tethered cables. The designed maximum operating altitude is about 600m. For example, the core of the patent application No. 201720634952.8, entitled "A high-altitude wind power generation system based on annular airship", describes the aerodynamic shape of the annular cross-section of the duct-layout tethered airship (filled with helium), but the tail-free configuration makes the overall aerodynamic stability of the system insufficient, and the duct where the wind turbine is located cannot stably and autonomously capture wind energy against the wind; another example is the patent application No. 201710139874.9, entitled "A floating airbag invention patent for a high-altitude wind turbine", which describes that six independent annular airbags (filled with helium) of different curvatures are connected in parallel to form a wind power generation duct, and annular carbon fiber rings are arranged at the connection between the airbags. However, since the carbon fiber rings are dispersed and independent, they do not form a stable load-bearing structure and cannot play a role in bearing and maintaining the shape. effect; and the combination of each annular airbag forms multiple bulges, which leads to aggravated air flow turbulence and serious flow separation. Although it is equipped with three tail fins and a cross tail rudder, there is still great uncertainty in the duct's ability to face the wind stably; for example, application number 202310756912.0, named "A new type of high-altitude wind power generation equipment invention patent", describes a barrel-shaped floating air bag (filled with helium) with a three-tail layout, a support rod is arranged in the duct to support the generator set and a rigid guide plate, and two small rotatable ducted propellers are arranged obliquely above the duct. It completely ignores the fact that the flexible pressurized airbag does not have the rigidity to support heavy components (especially the vibration coupling with the moving parts, resonance), and is prone to overall instability and collapse and airbag rupture and damage.

[0005] In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned insufficient aerodynamic stability and load-bearing performance of the existing ducted layout tethered aerostat high-altitude wind power generation system, there are still the following four common problems to be solved in actual engineering applications:

[0006] 1) Development and utilization of tethered soft aerostat technology: insufficient potential for high-altitude wind energy

[0007] Existing tethered soft airships all maintain their shape through the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the airbag, supplemented by the internal auxiliary airbag to fill and release air to adjust the pressure (the above-mentioned existing patents do not consider this feature). Since the density of high-altitude atmosphere accounts for about 33% to 74% of the ground (10,000 meters to 3 km altitude), the weight of the wind turbine generator set and the deadweight of the tethered cable are several tons, so the buoyancy volume required to balance the weight of the tethered airship when developing and utilizing high-altitude wind energy reaches the order of 100,000 cubic meters, which puts forward extremely high requirements on the light weight (low surface density), tensile strength, tear strength, deformation elongation, etc. of the flexible airbag material, and the processing and molding process is difficult, the airtightness detection after the airbag is formed is difficult, and the requirements for assembly, integration and maintenance guarantee are harsh. This has led to the existing tethered soft airship technology being mainly low-altitude (below 1 km altitude) in actual wind power generation applications, and the single-machine power generation power is only at the order of 100 kW (low wind speed and large volatility), in order to control the volume scale of the tethered airship and reduce the requirements for the airbag material;

[0008] 2) Adaptability to complex high-altitude environments has not been considered

[0009] Complex high-altitude environmental factors include day and night temperature changes (caused by direct sunlight, cloud scattering, etc. during the day, and ground infrared radiation at night; requiring the system airbag to expand safely due to heat during the day and overpressure, and to contract due to cold at night to maintain buoyancy and not drop in height), long-term strong winds and short-term gusts or shear winds (requiring system structural safety and high wind resistance), rain / snow / icing / lightning (requiring the system to be free of water, snow accumulation, anti-icing, and anti-lightning), short-term cold clouds / cold currents (requiring the system to maintain buoyancy and not drop in height), seasonal bird migration safety ecological environment (requiring the system to have the ability to detect birds and automatically drive them away), and civil aviation route safety transportation environment (requiring the system to have the ability to automatically respond to air traffic control services). These are issues that must be considered and solved for the tethered airship high-altitude wind power generation system as a friendly new energy power station infrastructure (20-year design life) in the future, and are the basic requirements for the engineering and practical application of the technical system;

[0010] 3) Long-term stable power generation in the air has not yet been solved

[0011] The abundant wind energy resources at high altitudes have provided objective environmental conditions for stable wind power generation. The problem of long-term airborne residence of tethered airships (carrier platforms, wind turbine generator technology is relatively mature) has become a key technical shortcoming, involving three aspects: First, the existing technologies all use high-pressure airbags (filled with helium) to provide the required static buoyancy and maintain aerodynamic shape stiffness. In actual applications, due to the alternating temperature between day and night at high altitudes, the helium inside the airbag is cooled at night and requires low pressure to maintain its shape (maintaining buoyancy, but with low stiffness), and is heated during the day to generate high pressure (several thousand Pa), which puts heavy pressure on lightweight airbags. The material strength requirements are high, the difficulty is high, and the cost is high; secondly, it is limited by the leakage loss of helium in the airbag (the leakage mass speed is proportional to the square root of the product of the atmospheric pressure at the altitude and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the airbag). Due to the high atmospheric pressure at high altitude (tens of kilopascals) coupled with the high pressure of the airbag, helium leaks quickly (large amounts of helium demand online replenishment is not feasible), resulting in a sojourn time of only a few months (a big gap from the 20-year sojourn life); finally, the long-term sojourn has a weak control of the adaptive environment (passive control, no complex manipulation required), and is unmanned;

[0012] 4) There is still a gap between low cost and autonomous control

[0013] Lightweight, high-strength airbag materials and helium are the main cost sources of tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation systems, accounting for about 70%. At present, if the existing technology is to adapt to the complex environment at high altitude, its high-pressure airbags have high requirements for light weight (low surface density), high strength, air tightness, rubbing resistance, aging resistance and other properties. The technology is difficult and the cost is high (generally reaching 700 yuan / linear meter). In addition, the high-strength fiber yarns required for the production of airbags are mostly imported. Although there are alternative solutions in China, the process quality is still unstable and the cost is higher. However, my country's helium (accounting for about 2% of global resources) mainly relies on imports and is expensive. Helium is in short supply and the price remains high.

[0014] Therefore, providing a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system is an issue that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0015] In view of this, the present invention provides a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system to solve the problems of insufficient aerodynamic stability and load-bearing performance of the system in the prior art, as well as low potential for high-altitude wind energy development and utilization, poor adaptability to complex high-altitude environments, weak stability of long-term airborne power generation, high cost and difficulty in autonomous control in actual engineering applications.

[0016] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system, comprising an aerial aerostat wind power generation system, air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cables and a ground anchoring system, wherein the aerial aerostat wind power generation system is connected to the ground anchoring system via the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cables, and the aerial aerostat wind power generation system comprises a ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure, a plurality of annular airbags, a plurality of tail wings, a skin component and a wind turbine generator set, wherein the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has a plurality of constraint spaces distributed along the longitudinal direction; a plurality of the annular airbags are respectively arranged in the plurality of the constraint spaces; a plurality of the tail wings are arranged at the rear of the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure; the skin component is sleeved on the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the plurality of the tail wings to form a physical gap channel between the skin component and the annular airbags; the wind turbine generator set is installed inside the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure via a supporting structure.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The duct-type thin-walled truss load-bearing structure, multiple annular airbags and skin components of the present invention are combined to form a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system, which can reliably resist long-term high winds / short-term gusts / shear winds at high altitudes and carry large wind turbines. The system volume can be expanded as needed to achieve single-machine high-power wind power generation, and achieve long-term stable power generation, low cost and autonomous control.

[0020] Furthermore, the duct-configured thin-walled truss load-bearing structure includes a plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units and a plurality of annular truss structures. The plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units uniformly distributed along the circumference are connected together by a plurality of annular truss structures distributed along the longitudinal direction to form a duct space; each of the airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure and a plurality of vertical constraint trusses, the plurality of vertical constraint trusses are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction, the plurality of annular truss structures are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the plurality of vertical constraint trusses to form a plurality of constraint spaces distributed along the longitudinal direction; the plurality of tail wings are respectively arranged at the rear of the plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures; the skin component is mounted on the plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures and the plurality of annular truss structures; the wind turbine generator set is connected to the plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures through the support structure to be arranged inside the duct space.

[0021] Furthermore, the skin component includes multiple outer skins, multiple annular sealing zippers and multiple tail wing skins, the number of the outer skins is one more than the number of cross-sections of the wind turbine generator set, the multiple outer skins are sequentially mounted on the multiple longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures and the multiple annular truss structures along the longitudinal direction, and the joints between two adjacent outer skins correspond to the annular cross-sectional positions of the vertical constraint trusses; the two adjacent outer skins are connected by the annular sealing zippers; and the multiple tail wing skins are respectively covered on the multiple tail wing.

[0022] Furthermore, the support structure includes a long-axis mounting truss and a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures, the long-axis mounting truss is distributed along the axial direction of the duct space; the long-axis mounting truss is connected to a plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures through a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures distributed along its circumference; the blades of the wind turbine are mounted on the long-axis mounting truss; and a plurality of cameras and vibration measuring devices are installed on the supporting and hoisting truss structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure, the vertical constraint truss, the annular truss structure and the tail wing are all formed by splicing lightweight high-strength composite material components; and the outer skin is a lightweight, slightly breathable, flexible film material.

[0024] Furthermore, the surfaces of the lightweight and high-strength composite material component in contact with the outer skin and the annular airbag are coated with a low absorption ratio coating or a total reflection coating or are covered with an aluminum film.

[0025] Furthermore, the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a plurality of dual-redundancy active valves, a plurality of heat pumps and a plurality of blowers, and the annular leading edge of the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the ducted configuration and the leading edge of the tail wing are laid with heating film strips; the outer skin located at the top of the annular leading edge of the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the ducted configuration has a plurality of openings, and the plurality of dual-redundancy active valves are respectively installed on the leading edges of a plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures and correspond to the positions of the plurality of openings; the plurality of heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the annular cross-section of a plurality of vertical constraint trusses and are located inside the outer skin; the plurality of blowers are respectively installed on two longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures symmetrically distributed in the lower and middle parts of the annular cross-section where the plurality of heat pumps are located and pass through the outer skin.

[0026] Furthermore, the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is erected on the top of the tail wing above the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure; the lightning cable is arranged in the upper half ring position of the outer skin and connected to the lightning rod; the lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure and is spaced apart from the lightning cable.

[0027] Furthermore, the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment, a triangular bracket is fixed to the front end of the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure located at the bottom position, and the first equipment compartment is installed on the triangular bracket; the second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure located at the top position and is located inside the outer skin.

[0028] An application of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system as described above, by carrying communication base stations, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning detection, and interference countermeasure mission payloads, is applied to communication relay, navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring, early warning detection, and electronic countermeasures.

[0029] It can be seen that the present invention provides a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1) The outer skin, duct-shaped thin-walled load-bearing truss structure and multiple internal annular airbags constructed in this scheme constitute a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system. The volume scale can be increased as needed, the technical route has high scalability, and the power generation capacity of a single machine can reach several megawatts to tens of megawatts, which can efficiently develop and utilize high-altitude wind energy (especially the jet stream zone at an altitude of 10,000 meters).

[0031] 2) It can safely resist long-term strong winds and short-term gusts or shear winds without losing stability. A stable physical gap channel (filled with air) is established between the internal airbag and the external skin through the duct thin-wall truss structure, which can make the internal airbag always work in a zero-pressure state (to ensure that the buoyancy gas is basically not leaked), and can breathe and deform freely (expand and contract) with the alternating day and night temperature of the external environment, and adapt to the alternating day and night temperature of the external environment; the duct outer surface sweeping phenomenon formed by ram air (receives external strong wind after the dual redundant active valve is opened) + micro-permeable outer skin material can effectively drain water, prevent snow accumulation and ice formation, cooperate with heating film, dual redundant active valve, blower, heat pump and other heating internal gas circulation, efficiently melt ice, snow, dry and maintain buoyancy. In addition, the function of the first equipment cabin can effectively support air traffic control and provide warnings, not interfere with the safety of civil aviation routes, timely detect approaching bird flocks and drive them away, protect the air ecological environment, and have good adaptability to complex high-altitude environments.

[0032] 3) Ram air + micro-permeable outer skin material forms an air hysteresis pressure difference, which naturally maintains a certain internal and external pressure of the outer skin, ensures the smoothness of the outer skin duct configuration (low resistance), and forms a continuous sweeping phenomenon on its surface, which can improve the lift-to-drag ratio of the duct configuration (flow control technology). The aerodynamic shape of the tail wing and the duct configuration constitutes an aerodynamic layout with low resistance, high lift-to-drag ratio, self-stabilization of pitch and roll attitude, and autonomous heading to face the wind, which can achieve unmanned operation during long-term hovering, simple operation, and stable resident power generation.

[0033] 4) The annular airbag can work in a zero-pressure state, and the outer skin is only used for rectification and to provide buoyancy volume (the pressure requirement is very low). The performance requirements for flexible film multilayer composite materials (such as tensile strength, tear strength, deformation elongation, air tightness, etc.) are greatly reduced, making it easy to achieve low-cost production and alternative selection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing is a schematic structural diagram of an aerostat wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The accompanying drawing is a front view of the airborne wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 The attached picture is Figure 3 Middle AA section view;

[0039] Figure 5 The accompanying drawing is a side view of the aerostat wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 The accompanying drawing is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the airfoil-shaped plane load-bearing truss structural unit and the annular airbag provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 The accompanying drawing is a schematic structural diagram of an airfoil plane load-bearing truss structural unit provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 The accompanying drawing is a schematic structural diagram of the support structure provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1-8As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored airship type high-altitude wind power generation system, including an airship wind power generation system 1, an air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2 and a ground anchoring system 3. The airship wind power generation system 1 is connected to the ground anchoring system 3 through the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2. The airship wind power generation system 1 stably captures wind energy and converts it into electrical energy. It is anchored and fixed on the ground through the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2, and the collected electrical energy is directly and The airborne aerostat wind power generation system 1 includes a ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11, a plurality of annular airbags 12, a plurality of tail wings 13, a skin component 14 and a wind turbine generator set 15. The ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 has a plurality of longitudinally distributed constraint spaces; the plurality of annular airbags 12 are respectively arranged in the plurality of constraint spaces, and the interior of the annular airbags 12 is filled with a light buoyancy gas, such as helium in the test verification stage, and hydrogen mixed with safety gas in the engineering application stage. Gas, to achieve low cost and autonomous control; multiple tail wings 13 are arranged at the rear of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 to provide aerodynamic restoring torque, and together with the aerodynamic shape of the ducted configuration, form an aerodynamic layout with low resistance, high lift-to-drag ratio, self-stabilization of pitch and roll attitude, and autonomous heading to face the wind; the skin component 14 is mounted on the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 and the multiple tail wings 13 to form a physical gap channel between the skin component 14 and the annular airbag 12, so that the annular airbag 12 works in a zero-pressure state. The annular airbag 12 provides static buoyancy, which is redundant in function and highly safe. The zero-pressure working mode can minimize the leakage of the floating gas, maintain the buoyancy for a long time, and reduce the performance requirements of the airbag material such as air tightness, strength, and processing technology. It is easy to achieve low-cost production and is not limited to the selection and configuration of the airbag material. The wind turbine generator set 15 is installed inside the duct-configured thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 through the support structure 16. The duct-configured thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11, a plurality of annular airbags 12 and a skin component 14 of the present invention are combined to form a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system, which can reliably resist long-term high winds / short-term gusts / shear winds at high altitudes, carry large wind turbines, and the system volume can be expanded as needed to achieve single-machine high-power wind power generation, long-term stable power generation, low cost and autonomous control.

[0045] Specifically, when there are multiple air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables 2 , the multiple air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables 2 are sleeved with load-bearing slip rings on one side close to the aerostat wind power generation system 1 .

[0046] Specifically, the duct-shaped thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 includes a plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units 111 and a plurality of annular truss structures 112. The plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units 111 uniformly distributed along the circumference are connected together by a plurality of annular truss structures 112 distributed along the longitudinal direction to form a duct space. In the present embodiment, the number of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units 111 is 16; each airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure unit 111 includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and a plurality of vertical constraint trusses 1112. In the present embodiment, the number of vertical constraint trusses 1112 is 3. The plurality of vertical constraint trusses 1112 are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and are distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The plurality of annular truss structures 112 They are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112 to form multiple constraint spaces distributed in the longitudinal direction. In the present embodiment, four constraint spaces are formed; multiple tail wings 13 are respectively arranged at the rear of multiple longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures 1111. In the present embodiment, multiple tail wings 13 are arranged at the rear of the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 where the flow velocity is large and the boundary layer is thin. The multiple tail wings 13 are in an X-shape, a cross-shape, a M-shape, a Y-shape, or an inverted Y-shape. The X-shape is selected in the present embodiment, and each tail wing 13 can be optionally provided with a rudder surface; the skin member 14 is mounted on the multiple longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures 1111 and the multiple annular truss structures 112; the wind turbine generator set 15 is connected to the multiple longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures 1111 through the support structure 16 to be arranged inside the duct space.

[0047] Specifically, the skin component 14 includes a plurality of outer skins 141, a plurality of annular sealing zippers 142 and a plurality of tail skins. The number of the outer skins 141 is one more than the number of cross-sections of the wind turbine generator set 15. For example, when N sets of wind turbine generator sets 15 are hoisted, the number of cross-sections is N, and the number of the outer skins 141 is N+1. In this embodiment, the number of the outer skins 141 is 3, and the plurality of outer skins 141 are sequentially mounted on the plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 and the plurality of annular truss structures 112 in the longitudinal direction, and the joints of two adjacent outer skins 141 are aligned with the vertical joints. The circumferential cross-sectional positions of the constraint trusses 1112 correspond to each other; two adjacent outer skins 141 are connected by an annular sealing zipper 142, which is convenient for subsequent assembly and integration and non-destructive disassembly and maintenance during recycling. In addition, a number of strip curtain interfaces are set at the contact parts between the outer skin 141 and the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 and the outer skin 141 and the annular truss structure 112 to form a complete smooth duct configuration aerodynamic shape; multiple tail skins are respectively covered on multiple tail wings 13. In the present embodiment, the outer skin 141 is a lightweight, slightly breathable, flexible film material.

[0048] Specifically, the support structure 16 includes a long-axis mounting truss 161 and a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures 162. The long-axis mounting truss 161 is distributed along the axial direction of the duct space; the long-axis mounting truss 161 is connected to a plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 through a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures 162 distributed along its circumference; the blades of the wind turbine 15 are mounted on the long-axis mounting truss 161. In this embodiment, the wind turbine generator set 15 can adopt a single-set or double-set counter-rotating method and be arranged at the position with the smallest inner diameter of the duct space. The blades can be double-blade, three-blade or multi-blade. This embodiment uses a double-set three-blade counter-rotating method to offset the influence of the back torque generated by the blades. The truss 161 is integrated through the long axis mounting, and multiple supporting and hoisting truss structures 162 extend to the surrounding areas in an X-shape, a cross shape or a multi-spoke shape. This implementation uses an X-shape. The supporting and hoisting truss structure 162 can be in the form of a truss, a steel cable or a high-strength cable, so that the wind turbine generator set 15 can be hoisted in the duct with high rigidity to stably capture wind energy, especially the structural rigidity under strong winds, without shaking and vibration.

[0049] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, the supporting hoisting truss structure 162 can be connected to the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 located at the front and rear parts thereof by diagonally pulling multiple restraining cables. Of course, trusses, steel cables or high-strength cables can be used to improve the structural stability of the wind turbine 15 under wind loads.

[0050] Specifically, the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111, the vertical constraint truss 1112, the annular truss structure 112 and the tail 13 are all spliced ​​together with lightweight and high-strength composite components, and the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111, the vertical constraint truss 1112, the annular truss structure 112 and the tail 13 are connected and woven into a large-span three-dimensional duct configuration thin-walled stable load-bearing structure system. The lightweight and high-strength composite components are carbon fiber tubes or aluminum alloy tubes or high-pressure flexible air columns or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, carbon fiber tubes are selected to reduce cost and weight.

[0051] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, the surfaces of the lightweight and high-strength composite components in contact with the outer skin 141 and the annular airbag 12 are coated with a low absorption ratio coating or a full reflection coating or covered with an aluminum film, which can prevent the components from heating up and destroying the strength of the flexible composite materials in contact with them.

[0052] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes multiple dual-redundancy active valves 4, multiple heat pumps and multiple blowers 5. The circumferential leading edge of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 and the leading edge of the tail wing 13 are laid with heating film strips to achieve a de-icing function; the outer skin 14 located at the top of the circumferential leading edge of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 has multiple openings, and the multiple dual-redundancy active valves 4 are respectively installed on the leading edges of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 and correspond to the multiple opening positions. In this embodiment, the number of dual-redundancy active valves 4 is 3, and the number of openings is 3 accordingly; the multiple heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the circumferential section of the multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112 and are located inside the outer skin 141; the multiple blowers 5 are respectively installed on two longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 symmetrically distributed in the middle and lower part of the circumferential section where the multiple heat pumps are located and penetrate the outer skin 141. When working, the blower 5 has two working modes (through the controller electromagnetic valve stroke position): one is to open the outer skin valve and close the internal valve to form an air inlet and outlet channel between the outer skin 141 and the duct; the other is to close the outer skin valve and open the internal valve to form an air circulation channel between the inner duct of the outer skin 141. When the dual-redundant active valve 4 is opened, the ram air formed by the strong wind in the air can be used to enter the truss space in the duct to form an air stagnation pressure difference, naturally maintain a certain internal and external pressure of the outer skin 141, ensure the smoothness of the outer skin duct configuration (low resistance), and provide a zero-pressure working environment for the internal annular airbag 12. With the micro-permeable characteristics of the outer skin 141, a continuous purge phenomenon is formed on its surface, which can improve the lift-to-drag ratio of the duct configuration (flow control technology) and avoid snow and water on the outer skin 141. In addition, if the ambient wind speed is low and the ram air capacity is insufficient, the dual redundant active valve 5 can be closed, the outer skin of the blower 5 and the air inlet and outlet channels inside and outside the duct can be opened, and the large-flow blower 5 can be used to actively inhale the external ambient air to achieve the above functions (redundant design, safe and reliable); when there are short-term cold clouds / cold currents in the air or a large area of ​​snow and ice accumulates on the outer skin (causing insufficient system buoyancy or weight gain, and the risk of decreased altitude) or the humidity of the gas in the duct is too high, the heat pump can be turned on, and the internal air circulation channel of the blower 5 can be opened at the same time to accelerate the internal air heat exchange efficiency, improve the overall temperature level of each gas in the duct, and improve the system buoyancy, outer skin ice and snow melting and internal gas drying capabilities.

[0053] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is erected at the top of the tail wing 13 located above the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11; the lightning cable is arranged in the upper half ring position of the outer skin 141 and connected to the lightning rod. In this embodiment, there are two lightning rods and two lightning cables, and the two lightning cables are distributed longitudinally; the lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 and is spaced apart from the lightning cable, thereby forming a Faraday cage lightning protection barrier, which can attract lightning and discharge to the ground along with the air-to-ground power transmission and tethered cable 2 when a lightning environment occurs, thereby protecting the safety of the aerostat and the equipment thereon.

[0054] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment. A triangular bracket 6 is fixed to the front end of the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 at the bottom position. The first equipment compartment is installed on the triangular bracket 6. The first equipment compartment provides the air pressure, temperature, installation and other environments required for the reliable operation of the internal equipment. The internal equipment includes at least a wind sensor, a transponder, an anti-collision light, a bird flock detection and expulsion device, etc., so that when the aerial wind power generation system is working normally, it can measure the environmental wind field online, support the online prediction function of the power generation, participate in air traffic control services and provide The second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure 1111 at the top and is located inside the outer skin 141. The second equipment compartment provides the air pressure, temperature, installation and other environments required for the reliable operation of the internal equipment. The internal equipment includes at least a combined inertial navigation, a Beidou positioning communication terminal, a Tiantong and broadband satellite communication terminal, a barometric altimeter, a differential pressure gauge, a thermometer, etc., so as to monitor the position, attitude, air pressure, altitude, pressure difference, temperature and other information of the airborne wind power generation system in real time online, and transmit it to the ground operation and management center through satellite communication telemetry for status monitoring and health management.

[0055] In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of cameras and vibration measuring devices are installed on the supporting hoisting truss structure 162, so as to monitor the operating status and vibration of the wind turbine generator set 15 in real time online, and transmit the information to the ground operation and management center through satellite communication telemetry for status monitoring and health management.

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses an application of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation system as described above. By carrying communication base stations, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning detection, and interference countermeasure mission payloads, it is applied to communication relay (taking into account emergency communication scenarios), navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring (such as typhoons), early warning detection, and electronic countermeasures. Of course, its application in other similar fields is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] Specifically, the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable 2 can be woven from high-strength and lightweight materials such as high-molecular polyethylene and Kevlar, and heat-conducting materials (such as air tubes, etc.) can be integrated inside to accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-power power transmission cable.

[0058] Specifically, the ground mooring system 3 is fixed on the foundation, and the airborne wind power generation system 1 is safely released and recovered through the control of the winch and the rope-holding machine. A small-capacity energy storage station can be configured nearby to supply electricity during the release and recovery process. At the same time, a substation can also be configured to connect the electric energy transmitted by the mooring cable to the grid, supply power or store it. The telemetry and remote control ground station is centrally arranged in the wind farm operation and management center, and exchanges information with the airborne wind power generation system through a satellite wireless link. All ground equipment can be placed in a small fixed building to adapt to the ever-changing weather on the ground and to prevent the entry of irrelevant foreign organisms to avoid safety accidents.

[0059] The working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0060] Final assembly and integration stage: build a large, detachable and reusable factory building with an open top, classify and place all components of the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system, complete the joint debugging and testing of the electrical system, and complete the system assembly in the factory building according to the final assembly and integration process plan, and check the quality of the assembly.

[0061] Safety release phase: Determine the release window through weather forecast, fill the required lightweight buoyancy gas (e.g. helium can be used in the test verification phase, hydrogen mixed gas can be used in the engineering application phase) into each internal annular airbag 12 through the process port, seal the process port, open all dual-redundant active valves 4, close all blowers 5, outer skin 141 and duct inlet and outlet air channels. After confirming the release start command, open the top of the plant, slowly release the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2 through the winch, and lift off safely and stably under the action of static buoyancy.

[0062] Long-term hovering and stable power generation stage: after reaching the designed altitude, the ground anchoring system 3 is locked, and the system's own aerodynamic stability is used to autonomously generate power against the wind. The ground wind field prediction information and online wind measurement information are assisted by remote control commands to automatically deflect the rudder to generate power against the wind stably. The ram air maintains a certain pressure on the outer skin 141 (maintains a smooth aerodynamic shape), and allows the internal annular airbag 12 to breathe autonomously with the alternation of ambient day and night temperatures (zero pressure level, no leakage, and long-term buoyancy maintenance). The ducted thin-walled truss structure system autonomously maintains system stability. During this process, the Faraday cage autonomously protects against lightning, and the first equipment compartment autonomously responds to air control, warnings, and drives away approaching bird flocks. When extreme weather occurs (such as ice, snow accumulation, cold clouds or cold currents, etc.), the dual redundant active valve 4, blower 5, and heat pump circulation heating are used to increase the overall temperature level of each gas in the duct, melt ice, melt snow, dry and maintain buoyancy, and use the heating film to locally remove ice from easily frozen parts to melt ice, and then return to normal state after the weather returns to normal; when emergency situations such as super tornadoes exceeding the designed wind load occur, the ground anchoring system 3 can be used to retract the air-to-ground power transmission and the mooring cable 2 to reduce the height for avoidance, and then lift off and return to normal state, which can be unmanned and easy to control.

[0063] Descent, recovery, inspection and maintenance phase: After the system reaches the prescribed maintenance time (generally once every five years, for a week), the large detachable and reusable factory building with an open top in the early stage of reconstruction is selected. The ground anchoring system 3 is used to retract the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2 to descend and recover it to the factory building. After inspection according to the system maintenance plan, it is launched again.

[0064] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system, comprising an aerial aerostat wind power generation system, air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables and a ground anchoring system, wherein the aerial aerostat wind power generation system is connected to the ground anchoring system through the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables, and is characterized in that: The airborne aerostat wind power generation system comprises a ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure, a plurality of annular airbags, a plurality of tail wings, a skin component and a wind turbine generator set, wherein the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has a plurality of longitudinally distributed constraint spaces; the plurality of annular airbags are respectively arranged in the plurality of constraint spaces; The plurality of tail fins are arranged at the rear of the duct configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure; the skin component is mounted on the duct configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the plurality of tail fins to form a physical gap channel between the skin component and the annular airbag; the wind turbine generator set is installed inside the duct configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure through a supporting structure.

2. According to claim 1, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system is characterized in that: The duct-shaped thin-walled truss load-bearing structure includes a plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units and a plurality of annular truss structures. The plurality of airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units uniformly distributed along the circumference are connected together by a plurality of annular truss structures distributed along the longitudinal direction to form a duct space. Each of the airfoil plane load-bearing truss structure units includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure and a plurality of vertical constraint trusses. The plurality of vertical constraint trusses are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The plurality of annular truss structures are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the plurality of vertical constraint trusses to form a plurality of constraint spaces distributed along the longitudinal direction. The plurality of tail wings are respectively arranged at the rear of the plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures; the skin component is mounted on the plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures and the plurality of annular truss structures; the wind turbine generator set is connected to the plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures through the supporting structure so as to be arranged inside the duct space.

3. According to claim 2, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system is characterized in that: The skin component includes a plurality of outer skins, a plurality of annular sealing zippers and a plurality of tail skins, the number of the outer skins is one more than the number of the cross-sections of the wind turbine generator set, the plurality of outer skins are sequentially mounted on the plurality of longitudinal airfoil truss structures and the plurality of annular truss structures in the longitudinal direction, and the joints of two adjacent outer skins correspond to the positions of the annular cross-sections of the vertical restraint trusses; the two adjacent outer skins are connected by the annular sealing zippers; The plurality of tail wing skins are respectively covered on the plurality of tail wing.

4. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The supporting structure includes a long-axis mounting truss and a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures, wherein the long-axis mounting truss is distributed along the axial direction of the duct space; the long-axis mounting truss is connected to a plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures via a plurality of supporting and hoisting truss structures distributed along its circumference; the blades of the wind turbine generator set are mounted on the long-axis mounting truss; and a plurality of cameras and vibration measuring devices are installed on the supporting and hoisting truss structure.

5. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure, the vertical restraint truss, the annular truss structure and the tail are all formed by splicing lightweight high-strength composite material components; the outer skin is a lightweight, slightly breathable, flexible film material.

6. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surfaces of the lightweight high-strength composite material component in contact with the outer skin and the annular airbag are plated with a low-absorption-ratio coating or a total-reflection coating or are coated with an aluminum film.

7. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a plurality of dual-redundancy active valves, a plurality of heat pumps and a plurality of blowers. The annular leading edge of the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the ducted configuration and the leading edge of the tail wing are laid with heating film strips; the outer skin located at the top of the annular leading edge of the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the ducted configuration has a plurality of openings, and the plurality of dual-redundancy active valves are respectively installed on the leading edges of a plurality of longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures and correspond to the positions of the plurality of openings; the plurality of heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the annular cross-section of a plurality of vertical constraint trusses and are located inside the outer skin; the plurality of blowers are respectively installed on two longitudinal wing-shaped truss structures symmetrically distributed in the middle and lower part of the annular cross-section where the plurality of heat pumps are located and pass through the outer skin.

8. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is erected on the top of the tail wing above the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure; the lightning cable is arranged in the upper half ring position of the outer skin and connected to the lightning rod; the lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure and is spaced apart from the lightning cable.

9. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment. A triangular bracket is fixed to the front end of the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure located at the bottom position, and the first equipment compartment is installed on the triangular bracket; the second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal wing-shaped truss structure located at the top position and is located inside the outer skin.

10. An application of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure moored aerostat type high altitude wind power generation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: By carrying communication base stations, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning detection, and interference countermeasure mission payloads, it is used in the fields of communication relay, navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring, early warning detection, and electronic countermeasures.

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