High-gain dual-polarized directional antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain dual-polarized directional antenna, which comprises an antenna body and an antenna mounting bracket used for rolling the antenna body and adjusting the pitch angle of the antenna body, the antenna body comprises a feed network board, and a first antenna array and a second antenna array which are arranged in parallel are mounted on the feed network board; each of the first antenna array and the second antenna array comprises three rows of longitudinal arrays which are parallel to each other, and radiation units in two adjacent rows of longitudinal arrays are arranged in a staggered manner so as to be spaced by a first wavelength distance in a vertical plane direction; it can be understood that the antenna provided by the invention can effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the horizontal plane through the staggered arrangement of the radiation units in the double-antenna array so as to reduce the cross-zone interference, so that the trains running in opposite directions at high speed can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately, and the accurate scheduling is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, and in particular to a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna. Background Art

[0002] The traditional dual-antenna array design has many limitations in the application of railway 5G-R private network. For example, the traditional dual-antenna array generally only deploys two units on the horizontal plane. In order to meet certain gain requirements, the distance between the two units needs to be as wide as possible, thereby generating a higher horizontal sidelobe level. These sidelobe signals will cause serious cross-zone interference to other antennas in adjacent areas, especially in the area where railway lines cross and merge. Trains traveling in opposite directions at high speeds may receive erroneous signals, affecting scheduling accuracy, making it difficult for the current traditional antenna design to meet the high-quality communication requirements in high-speed mobile scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna, which can effectively reduce the horizontal sidelobe level by staggered setting of the radiation units in the dual antenna array, and concentrate the energy more on the main beam to reduce cross-zone interference, so that trains traveling in opposite directions at high speed can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately and realize precise scheduling.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna, comprising: an antenna body, and an antenna mounting bracket for adjusting the roll and pitch angles of the antenna body; the antenna body comprises a feed network board, on which a first antenna array and a second antenna array deployed in parallel are mounted; the first antenna array and the second antenna array both comprise three columns of mutually parallel longitudinal arrays, and the radiation units in two adjacent columns of the longitudinal arrays are staggered so as to be spaced apart by a first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first antenna array and the second antenna array are divided into a plurality of unit layers along a vertical plane direction, and each of the radiation units in the same unit layer is spaced apart from the adjacent radiation units by the first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the radiation units in two adjacent unit layers are spaced apart by a second wavelength distance in a vertical direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first wavelength distance is 0.5 times the wavelength, and the second wavelength distance is 1 times the wavelength.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first antenna array and the second antenna array are both deployed in the same unit layer with first radiation units, second radiation units and third radiation units corresponding to three columns of the longitudinal arrays respectively, and the power allocation ratio of the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit is 1:2:1.

[0009] In some embodiments, within the same unit layer, the second radiation unit is spaced apart from the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit by the first wavelength distance in the vertical direction, and the second radiation unit of the first antenna array is aligned with the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit of the second antenna array in the horizontal direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the feed network board is divided into 10 unit layers along the vertical plane direction, and each of the longitudinal arrays includes 10 radiation units.

[0011] In some embodiments, taking the midpoint of the feed network board in the vertical plane direction as the boundary, the powers of the radiation units at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 1st to 5th layers before the midpoint are W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 which increase in sequence, and the powers of the radiation units at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 6th to 10th layers after the midpoint are A*W5, A*W4, A*W3, A*W2 and A*W1, respectively, where A is a preset power gain.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first antenna array is set to a first prefabricated electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of directional antennas in the range of m1 to m2, and the second antenna array is set to a second prefabricated electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of directional antennas in the range of m2 to m3, wherein m1 <m2<m3。

[0013] In some embodiments, the feed network board is a sheet metal air microstrip line, and the radiation unit is a metal radiation unit.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna is provided, which has at least the following beneficial effects: the high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna comprises: an antenna body, and an antenna mounting bracket for adjusting the roll and pitch angles of the antenna body; the antenna body comprises a feed network board, on which a first antenna array and a second antenna array arranged in parallel are mounted; the first antenna array and the second antenna array each comprise three columns of mutually parallel longitudinal arrays, and the radiation units in two adjacent columns of the longitudinal arrays are staggered to be spaced apart by a first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction; it can be understood that the antenna of the present invention can effectively reduce the horizontal sidelobe level through the staggered setting of the radiation units in the dual antenna array, and concentrate the energy more on the main beam to reduce cross-zone interference, so that trains traveling at high speed in opposite directions can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately and realize precise scheduling; in addition, the antenna mounting bracket assembly of the present invention supports the linkage adjustment of the roll and pitch angles, and can be used to flexibly adjust the posture of the antenna according to the specific terrain and site location, so that the antenna beam can better overlap with the high-speed rail line to adapt to different site installation conditions and ensure the signal coverage effect.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution in the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the technical solution in the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the technical solution in the present invention.

[0017] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is another schematic diagram of a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an antenna body in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a first antenna array and a second antenna array in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of multiple longitudinal arrays in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of multiple unit layers in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of staggered arrangement of radiation units in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals: 100, antenna body; 101, feed network board; 102, radiation unit; 110, first antenna array; 120, second antenna array; 200, antenna mounting bracket; 210, support rod; 220, first mounting buckle; 230, second mounting buckle; 240, first connecting piece; 250, second connecting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution in the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed", etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, "above", "below", "within", etc. are understood to include the number itself, "any one" means one or more, "at least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. If there is a description of the first and the second, it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution. For example, the term "connection" can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0022] It should be noted that the technical features involved in each embodiment of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict between them.

[0023] refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2is another schematic diagram of a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an antenna body 100 in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna, comprising: an antenna body 100, and an antenna mounting bracket 200 for adjusting the roll and pitch angles of the antenna body 100; the antenna body 100 comprises a feed network board 101, on which a first antenna array 110 and a second antenna array 120 arranged in parallel are mounted; the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 both comprise three columns of mutually parallel longitudinal arrays, and the radiation units 102 in two adjacent columns of the longitudinal arrays are staggered so as to be spaced apart by a first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction.

[0024] Among them, it can be understood that the antenna in the present invention can effectively reduce the horizontal sidelobe level through the staggered setting of the radiation unit 102 in the dual antenna array, concentrate the energy more on the main beam, so as to reduce cross-zone interference, so that trains traveling at high speed in opposite directions can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately and realize precise scheduling; in addition, the antenna mounting bracket 200 component in the present invention supports the linkage adjustment of the roll and pitch angles, which can be used to flexibly adjust the antenna posture according to the specific terrain and site location, so that the antenna beam can better overlap with the high-speed rail line to adapt to different site installation conditions and ensure the signal coverage effect.

[0025] In some embodiments, the antenna body 100 includes a feed network board 101, on which a first antenna array 110 and a second antenna array 120 deployed in parallel are installed. The radiation unit 102 and the feed network board 101 can be designed as an integrated whole to avoid the complex internal structure layout in traditional solutions, thereby reducing the interweaving and overlapping of various electrical components, structural components, bridging cables, etc. inside the antenna, making the internal structure of the antenna more concise.

[0026] correspond Figure 2 In some embodiments, the components of the antenna mounting bracket 200 that uses the roll and pitch angle linkage adjustment technology to increase the area of ​​the beam projection covering the rail line may include a support rod 210, a first mounting buckle 220, a second mounting buckle 230, a first connecting member 240 and a second connecting member 250. The first mounting buckle 220 and the second mounting buckle 230 can be movably arranged on the support rod 210, and the first connecting member 240 and the second connecting member 250 are respectively used to connect the mounting buckle to the two ends of the antenna body 100.

[0027] Among them, the support rod 210 is the main structural component of the antenna mounting bracket 200, which is used to fix and support the entire antenna system, provide a stable mechanical foundation, and ensure that the antenna can maintain a stable working state under various environmental conditions. The first mounting buckle 220 and the second mounting buckle 230 are movably arranged on the support rod 210, allowing the antenna to be flexibly adjusted in the horizontal direction (roll) and the vertical direction (pitch angle). The first connecting member 240 and the second connecting member 250 are respectively used to connect the mounting buckle to the two ends of the antenna body 100. Through these two connecting members, the antenna can be movably fixed on the mounting bracket in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, while maintaining a certain flexibility, which is convenient for multi-dimensional adjustment. This movable design allows the antenna to quickly adjust its posture according to actual needs and adapt to different terrains and site installation conditions.

[0028] It can be understood that roll adjustment refers to the rotation adjustment of the antenna in the horizontal plane. Through the movable design of the first mounting buckle 220 and the second mounting buckle 230, the user can adjust the roll angle of the antenna as needed; pitch angle adjustment refers to the tilt adjustment of the antenna in the vertical plane. Through the movable mounting buckle on the support rod 210 and the extension and retraction of the first connecting member 240 and the second connecting member 250, the pitch angle of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted, thereby optimizing the coverage range of the antenna beam, so that the antenna can adapt to the distance changes between base stations and rails at different heights. This adjustment of the antenna posture by adjusting the pitch angle and roll angle makes it easier to set the appropriate beam "grazing angle (grazing angle φ=arctan(station-track gauge / base station-coverage center distance))" and antenna downtilt angle (downtilt angle θ=arctan(height difference / station-track gauge)), increasing the area of ​​the rail line that the antenna beam can cover, and even achieving the overlap of the beam projection with the high-speed rail line, thereby providing continuous high-quality coverage.

[0029] In addition, the modular design of the antenna mounting bracket 200 makes the installation process easier and faster. The user only needs to fix the mounting buckle on the support rod 210, and then connect the antenna body 100 to the mounting buckle through the connector to complete the installation. This design not only saves installation time, but also reduces the difficulty of installation, and is suitable for large-scale deployment.

[0030] It is understandable that traditional high-gain directional antennas usually require internal deployment of phase shifters, electrical downtilt adjustment modules and various complex switching and fastening structures, while the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the antenna attitude through an antenna mounting bracket 200 assembly that can realize linked adjustment of roll and pitch angles. Therefore, these additional electrical components are not required inside the antenna, which not only simplifies the antenna structure, but also reduces potential failure points, thereby improving the reliability and performance stability of the antenna.

[0031] In addition, it is worth noting that, due to the presence of the external antenna mounting bracket 200 assembly, the antenna does not perform electrical adjustment, and the space behind the reflector can be greatly compressed, making the entire antenna smaller and lighter. According to the embodiment, the net weight of the antenna can be controlled within 20 kg, which is convenient for installation and transportation, and improves the adjustment accuracy and flexibility of the antenna posture.

[0032] In some embodiments, the antenna body 100 has a windward area less than or equal to 0.8 m2, which, combined with a design that can withstand wind speeds greater than or equal to 200 km / h, can ensure the stability and safety of the antenna body 100 in strong wind environments.

[0033] In some embodiments, the antenna body 100 is provided with a fiberglass cover on the outside, which can reduce the overall weight while ensuring the mechanical strength of the antenna. The fiberglass material has good weather resistance and corrosion resistance and can work stably for a long time in harsh environments.

[0034] refer to Figures 4 to 7 , Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a first antenna array 110 and a second antenna array 120 in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of multiple longitudinal arrays in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of multiple unit layers in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a staggered arrangement of radiation units 102 in a high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; in some embodiments, the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 are divided into multiple unit layers along the vertical plane direction, and each radiation unit 102 in the same unit layer is spaced apart from the adjacent radiation unit 102 by a first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction.

[0035] Among them, Figure 4 The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna shown includes a first antenna array 110 and a second antenna array 120. Figure 5 The first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 shown in the figure both include a first radiation unit, a second radiation unit and a third radiation unit, and the plurality of first radiation units, the plurality of second radiation units and the plurality of third radiation units respectively form corresponding longitudinal arrays A, B and C; Figure 6 As shown, the high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna may include d1 to d10, a total of 10 unit layers; Figure 7 As shown, each unit layer includes the first radiation unit in the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120, multiple second radiation units and multiple third radiation units, such as the radiation units a1, b1 and c1 in the d1 layer.

[0036] It can be understood that the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 are divided into multiple unit layers along the vertical plane direction, and each radiating unit 102 in the same unit layer is spaced apart from the adjacent radiating unit 102 in the vertical plane direction by a first wavelength distance (0.5 times the wavelength). This staggered deployment maximizes the vector distance between the two antennas, reduces the mutual coupling interference between the two antennas, and thereby ensures that the two antennas have better radiation performance.

[0037] In some embodiments, the radiation units 102 in two adjacent unit layers are spaced apart by a second wavelength in the vertical direction, wherein the radiation units 102 in two adjacent unit layers are spaced apart by a second wavelength of 1 times the wavelength in the vertical direction, further optimizing the vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna and ensuring that the energy of the antenna beam is more concentrated on the main beam.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first wavelength distance is 0.5 times the wavelength, the first wavelength distance is 1 times the wavelength, and the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 are in the same unit layer, and are both deployed with first radiation units, second radiation units and third radiation units corresponding to three columns of longitudinal arrays, and the power allocation ratio of the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit is 1:2:1; it can be understood that in the same unit layer, the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 are both deployed with first radiation units, second radiation units and third radiation units corresponding to three columns of longitudinal arrays, and their power allocation ratio is 1:2:1. The power of the middle radiation unit 102 is higher, and the power of the radiation units 102 on both sides is lower. The staggered deployment of the above-mentioned radiation units can effectively reduce the horizontal sidelobe level and concentrate the energy more on the main beam.

[0039] In some embodiments, within the same unit layer, the second radiation unit is vertically spaced apart from the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit by a first wavelength, and the second radiation unit of the first antenna array 110 is horizontally aligned with the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit of the second antenna array 120; it can be understood that within the same unit layer, not only the second radiation unit within the same antenna array is vertically spaced apart from the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit by the first wavelength, but also the corresponding radiation units 102 between different antenna arrays are also vertically spaced apart by the first wavelength, that is, the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit of the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 are vertically spaced apart by the first wavelength. Such staggered setting further optimizes the vertical plane radiation pattern of the dual-polarized antenna, reduces the horizontal plane sidelobe level, and improves the anti-interference capability of the antenna.

[0040] It is worth noting that, by deploying three units in the horizontal direction, the middle unit is deployed in the vertical direction with a deviation of 0.5 times the wavelength, and the power distribution ratio between the three units is designed to be 1:2:1. The power distribution with high power in the middle and low power at both ends can effectively reduce the horizontal sidelobe level and concentrate the energy more on the main beam. When the three units in the horizontal plane synthesize the horizontal plane radiation pattern, the staggered deployment of the middle unit can suppress the horizontal sidelobe of the integrated radiation pattern to a lower level, so that the embodiment of the present invention can reduce interference to adjacent areas, especially in the area where railway lines cross and merge, trains traveling in opposite directions at high speed can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately, realize precise scheduling, and avoid communication quality problems caused by cross-zone interference. The optimized horizontal sidelobe suppression technology not only improves the energy concentration of the antenna beam, but also improves the stability and transmission efficiency of the signal, especially in the face of complex electromagnetic environments, it shows stronger anti-interference ability and ensures the reliability of the communication system.

[0041] In some embodiments, the feed network board 101 is divided into 10 unit layers along the vertical plane, and each longitudinal array includes 10 radiating units 102. This design enables the antenna to have higher resolution and flexibility in the vertical plane, and can more finely control the direction and shape of the beam, thereby optimizing the coverage effect. Due to the narrow operating frequency, the unit spacing is 1 wavelength to obtain the highest gain, thereby ensuring that the gain of the antenna in the vertical plane is maximized. At the same time, through a reasonable power allocation plan, it is used to solve the problem of black coverage under the tower that exists in traditional antennas.

[0042] In some embodiments, taking the midpoint of the feed network board 101 in the vertical plane direction as the boundary, the powers of the radiation units 102 at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 1st to 5th layers before the midpoint are W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 which increase in sequence, and the powers of the radiation units 102 at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 6th to 10th layers after the midpoint are A*W5, A*W4, A*W3, A*W2 and A*W1, where A is a preset power gain.

[0043] It can be understood that, with the midpoint of the feed network board 101 in the vertical plane direction as the boundary, the powers of the radiation units 102 at the corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 1st to 5th layers before the midpoint are W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 respectively, which increase in sequence; the powers of the radiation units 102 at the corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 6th to 10th layers after the midpoint are AW5, AW4, AW3, AW2 and A*W1 respectively, where A is a preset power gain (for example, 1.5) to achieve an asymmetric power distribution scheme.

[0044] Specifically, as shown in the following tables (1) and (2): Table (1)

[0045] Table (2)

[0046] It can be seen from Table (1) and Table (2) that in the present application, for the asymmetric power distribution scheme, on the basis of the power distribution scheme of the traditional scheme, the power of 5 units below the midpoint of the antenna is amplified by 1.5 times respectively, that is, the power magnitude is asymmetrically distributed with respect to the midpoint of the antenna, so that the deep null between the main beam and the first side lobe is effectively filled. By filling the null between the main beam and the first side lobe, the embodiments of the present invention significantly improve the problem of blackout coverage under the tower. Even when the train passes by the base station site at high speed, the antenna can provide stable signal coverage, avoiding the occurrence of signal blind spots; it can be understood that, compared with the traditional scheme, in the present invention, the power of 5 units below the midpoint of the antenna is amplified by 1.5 times respectively, ensuring the signal strength in the area directly below the antenna and avoiding the blackout phenomenon under the tower. This improvement not only improves the coverage quality in the area under the tower, but also ensures that the signal will not be lost when the train passes by the base station site at high speed, providing continuous and stable communication services.

[0047] It is worth noting that the asymmetric power distribution scheme of the present application not only fills the null, but also optimizes the vertical pattern of the antenna, making the energy of the antenna beam more concentrated on the main beam, reducing the vertical side lobe level, improving the signal concentration and anti-interference ability. By reasonably setting the power distribution of each unit layer, the embodiments of the present invention can also enhance the edge coverage ability of the antenna, reduce the problem of weak edge coverage, provide a wider signal coverage range, and ensure the overall stability of the communication system.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first antenna array 110 is set to a first pre-set electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of the directional antenna in the range from m1 to m2, and the second antenna array 120 is set to a second pre-set electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of the directional antenna in the range from m2 to m3, where m1 < m2 < m3. This design enables the two antenna arrays to provide continuous coverage in different distance ranges through the electrical downtilt settings at different angles, avoiding the coverage break point problem that occurs in the traditional single antenna in high-speed mobile scenarios.

[0049] In some embodiments, the first antenna array 110 is set to a relatively small pre-set electrical downtilt angle (e.g., 1°), which can cover a relatively long distance range. Specifically, it can achieve effective coverage from m1 to m2. According to actual applications, m1 is usually 572 meters and m2 is 2005 meters. This means that the first antenna array 110 can provide stable signal coverage at a relatively long distance, which is suitable for the case where the distance between the base station and the railway track is relatively large.

[0050] In some embodiments, the second antenna array 120 is set to a larger prefabricated electrical downtilt angle (e.g., 6°), which can cover a shorter distance range. Specifically, effective coverage from m2 to m3 can be achieved. According to actual applications, m2 is usually 572 meters and m3 is 234 meters, which means that the second antenna array 120 can provide more concentrated signal coverage at a shorter distance, which is suitable for situations where the distance between the base station and the rail is small.

[0051] It can be understood that, by setting different prefabricated electrical downtilt angles, the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 respectively form different vertical beam widths. The vertical beam of the first antenna array 110 is wider and can cover a longer distance; the vertical beam of the second antenna array 120 is narrower, but can cover a shorter distance. This vertical wide beam design ensures that the coverage areas between the two antenna arrays can be seamlessly connected, achieving continuous coverage from m1 to m3.

[0052] In addition, the prefabricated electrical downtilt angle of the dual antennas at staggered angles not only increases the depth coverage distance, but also achieves "cross-region" coverage. Specifically, the coverage of the first antenna array 110 and the second antenna array 120 complement each other, ensuring that during the high-speed movement of the train, stable signals can be received at both long and short distances, reducing the switching frequency and providing continuous high-quality communication services.

[0053] It is worth noting that the traditional single antenna is prone to coverage breakpoints in high-speed mobile scenarios, causing the train to frequently switch base stations during travel, affecting communication quality and user experience. The present invention uses dual-antenna seamless coverage technology to ensure stable signal coverage within different distances, reduce the occurrence of coverage breakpoints, reduce switching frequency, and improve the stability and reliability of the communication system.

[0054] In some embodiments, the feed network board 101 uses sheet metal air microstrip line technology to reduce transmission loss and improve antenna gain and signal penetration. Specifically, sheet metal materials have low resistivity and good conductivity, which can effectively reduce transmission loss in the feed network and ensure that the signal maintains high energy during transmission.

[0055] It is understandable that the radiation unit 102 is made of metal. Compared with traditional non-metal or composite materials, the metal radiation unit 102 has higher conductivity and lower loss. The metal material can better reflect and guide electromagnetic waves, enhance the signal transmission and reception capabilities, and show stronger signal penetration in the face of high losses in train carriages. In addition, the metal radiation unit 102 has good anti-aging performance and can work stably for a long time in harsh environments, ensuring that the antenna maintains high performance and reliability during long-term use.

[0056] By adopting the metal radiation unit 102 and the feed network board 101 of the metal sheet metal air microstrip line technology, the embodiment of the present invention can improve the gain by 0.5dBi compared with the traditional solution under the same beam width, which means that under the same transmission power, the high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna proposed by the present invention has a stronger signal transmission capability, especially in the face of high loss in train carriages, it can more effectively penetrate the carriages and provide stable communication services. And due to the reduction of transmission loss, the energy consumption required by the antenna during operation is also reduced accordingly, which helps to improve the energy efficiency of the entire communication system and meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

[0057] In summary, the high-gain dual-polarized directional antenna provided in this embodiment mainly works in the railway line field. Its main application requirements are railway emergency calls, driving-related dispatching voice communications, and driving safety data transmission. The pain points of existing network coverage are as follows: The resource occupancy time is short and the instantaneous capacity requirement is high; Users move fast and require high processing power. High-speed movement will cause large Doppler frequency shift; The linear coverage is strong, and it is difficult to take into account both near and far coverage; The two-sector network is used, the energy is not accurately delivered, and the tower is dark; The coverage of a single base station along the line is limited, and the edge coverage is weak, so users frequently switch and reselect when using the network; Capacity is limited at large railway stations, hub areas, and where railway lines intersect and merge; The penetration loss of high-speed rail carriages is high; The present application can solve the above-mentioned problems existing in traditional antennas and improve the signal stability and coverage quality of antennas, including but not limited to: through integrated design and selection of metal materials, the weight of the antenna is reduced, the accuracy and flexibility of attitude adjustment are improved, and the stability of the signal is enhanced; the metal sheet air microstrip line technology is adopted to reduce transmission loss, improve the gain and signal penetration of the antenna, and combat the high loss of the carriage; through the setting of different prefabricated electrical downtilt angles, "cross-zone" coverage is achieved, the switching frequency is reduced, and more stable communication services are provided; through an asymmetric power allocation scheme, the zero point between the main beam and the first sidelobe is filled, and the problem of black coverage under the tower is improved; through the staggered deployment of dual antenna arrays and optimized power allocation, the horizontal sidelobe level is reduced, and cross-zone interference is reduced; through flexible multi-dimensional adjustment, the beam grazing angle and antenna downtilt angle are optimized, the area of ​​the beam projection covering the rail line is increased, and a wider coverage range and higher coverage continuity are provided.

[0058] In some embodiments, the present application can be connected to external communication equipment to support precision positioning and real-time monitoring, and can maintain stable data performance in complex environments. Through real-time monitoring data, users can promptly discover and adjust the antenna's posture to ensure the best signal coverage effect. When an abnormal situation occurs, the real-time high-precision monitoring data can speed up the site abnormality investigation response speed, improve maintenance efficiency, and ensure the reliability of the communication system; for example, when measuring in complex environments such as other antennas blocking above, there are many buildings higher than the antenna installation position around, there are beautified antenna covers outside the antenna, and there are metal mesh isolation shields on the upper layer of the antenna, stable data should be obtained within 5 minutes after the device is successfully connected. Under the condition of stable antenna posture, the azimuth angle measured at 10-minute intervals does not fluctuate by more than 5 degrees, and the mechanical downtilt angle fluctuates by no more than 2 degrees. When the antenna posture is abnormal, the real-time high-precision monitoring data can speed up the site abnormality investigation response speed.

[0059] In some embodiments, the main electrical performance parameters of the antenna of the present application are as follows: frequency range 1920-1980MHz and 2110-2170MHz; gain in the 1920-1980MHz frequency band, the gain is not less than 21dBi; in the 2110-2170MHz frequency band, the gain is not less than 21.5dBi. The high-gain design ensures the strength and stability of long-distance signal transmission; the horizontal half-power angles are 33° and 30° respectively, ensuring that the antenna has a wide coverage range in the horizontal direction, which is suitable for long-distance coverage along the railway; the vertical half-power angles are 5.5° and 5.0° respectively; the sidelobe suppression on the vertical plane reaches 17dB, reducing interference in the vertical direction and improving the signal quality and anti-interference ability; the vertical first zero point filling reaches -23dB, which effectively solves the black coverage problem under the tower, ensures the signal strength in the area directly below the antenna, and avoids signal blind spots; the horizontal sidelobe suppression reaches 20dB, reduces the sidelobe level in the horizontal direction, reduces cross-zone interference, and ensures that trains traveling at high speed in opposite directions can receive the main beam signal coverage more accurately; the axial cross-polarization reaches 20dB, ensuring the isolation of the antenna in different polarization directions, reducing interference between polarizations, and improving the purity of the signal; the 180±30° front-to-back ratio reaches 28dB, ensuring the isolation of the antenna in the front-to-back direction, reducing the interference of reverse signals, and improving the signal The forward transmission efficiency is improved; the electrical downtilt angle is 2°. Through the reasonable downtilt angle setting, the coverage of the antenna beam is optimized, ensuring stable signal coverage at a long distance; the antenna adopts a dual-polarization design (+45° and -45°), which provides better spatial diversity effect and enhances signal stability and anti-interference ability; the standing wave ratio is less than 1.5, ensuring good matching between the antenna and the feeder, reducing reflection loss and improving signal transmission efficiency; the polarization isolation reaches 28dB, ensuring the isolation of the antenna in different polarization directions, reducing interference between polarizations and improving signal purity; the beam isolation reaches 28dB, ensuring the isolation of the antenna in different beam directions, reducing interference between beams, and improving signal stability and anti-interference ability; the third-order intermodulation is lower than -107dBm, ensuring the linearity of the antenna when working at high power, reducing nonlinear distortion and improving signal quality; the antenna impedance is 50Ω, which meets the standard RF system requirements, ensuring good matching with the feeder and other equipment, and reducing reflection loss.

[0060] In some embodiments, the main mechanical performance parameters of the antenna of the present application are as follows: shell material: fiberglass; number / type of connectors: 4x7 / 16DIN, using 4 7 / 16DIN connectors; antenna length: ≤1600mm; antenna width: ≤500mm; antenna net weight: ≤20kg; pole diameter: 50-115mm; ice load: ice thickness 100mm; temperature range: -55°C~+60°C; windward area: ≤0.8㎡; wind speed resistance: ≥200km / h; adjustment range: in the horizontal direction, the antenna can be adjusted relatively by ±90°, or absolutely by ±360°, ensuring all-round coverage. In the pitch direction, the antenna can be adjusted from 0° to 28° to facilitate optimization of the signal coverage angle.

[0061] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna, characterized in that: include: An antenna body, and an antenna mounting bracket for adjusting the roll and pitch angles of the antenna body; The antenna body comprises a feed network board, on which a first antenna array and a second antenna array arranged in parallel are mounted; The first antenna array and the second antenna array both include three columns of longitudinal arrays which are parallel to each other, and the radiation units in two adjacent columns of the longitudinal arrays are staggered so as to be spaced apart by a first wavelength distance in a vertical direction.

2. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first antenna array and the second antenna array are divided into a plurality of unit layers along a vertical plane direction, and each of the radiation units in the same unit layer is spaced apart from the adjacent radiation units by the first wavelength distance in the vertical plane direction.

3. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radiation units in two adjacent unit layers are spaced apart by a second wavelength distance in a vertical direction.

4. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first wavelength distance is 0.5 times the wavelength, and the second wavelength distance is 1 times the wavelength.

5. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first antenna array and the second antenna array are in the same unit layer, and are both deployed with first radiating units, second radiating units and third radiating units corresponding to the three columns of the longitudinal arrays respectively. The power allocation ratio of the first radiating units, the second radiating units and the third radiating units is 1:2:

1.

6. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the same unit layer, the second radiation unit is spaced apart from the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit by the first wavelength distance in the vertical direction, and the second radiation unit of the first antenna array is aligned with the first radiation unit and the third radiation unit of the second antenna array in the horizontal direction.

7. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed network board is divided into 10 unit layers along the vertical plane direction, and each of the longitudinal arrays includes 10 radiation units.

8. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: Taking the midpoint of the feed network board in the vertical direction as the boundary, the powers of the radiation units at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 1st to 5th layers before the midpoint are W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 which increase in sequence, and the powers of the radiation units at corresponding positions in the unit layers of the 6th to 10th layers after the midpoint are A*W5, A*W4, A*W3, A*W2 and A*W1, wherein A is a preset power gain.

9. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first antenna array is set to a first prefabricated electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of directional antennas in the range of m1 to m2, and the second antenna array is set to a second prefabricated electrical downtilt angle to achieve continuous coverage of directional antennas in the range of m2 to m3, wherein m1 <m2<m3。 10. The high-gain dual-polarization directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed network board is a sheet metal air microstrip line, and the radiation unit is a metal radiation unit.

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