Functional feed formula for improving endurance and reproductive performance of donkeys

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional feed formula for improving endurance and reproductive performance of donkeys, and relates to the technical field of feed formulae, the functional feed formula comprises selection and pretreatment of raw medicinal materials, nutrient element proportioning, treatment of functional reinforcing materials and treatment after molding, the functional reinforcing materials comprise a functional formula A and a functional formula B, the method has the advantages that the mixed leaves are subjected to low-temperature freeze-drying treatment and then crushed into powder, bioactive components such as protein and flavonoids in the leaves are reserved, the leaves can be used as a high-quality plant protein source and a functional component source, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the compound protein leaf powder for activation, and the compound protein leaf powder can be used as a high-quality plant protein source and a functional component source. The method has the advantages that bioactive components in the leaf powder can be activated, the bioavailability of the leaf powder can be increased, polysaccharide in the high-sugar Chinese velvet herb can be further decomposed into monosaccharide and oligosaccharide by saccharifying the high-sugar Chinese velvet herb, and the energy release speed can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed formula, and in particular to a functional feed formula for improving the endurance and reproductive performance of a donkey. Background Art

[0002] As working livestock, donkeys have played an important role in agricultural production, transportation and other fields. Even in modern times, they are still used in agricultural labor, tourism industry and some traditional transportation scenarios in specific regions. Endurance is a key indicator to measure their working performance. At the same time, the reproductive performance of donkeys is crucial to maintaining the donkey population and meeting the market demand for donkey meat, donkey milk and donkey skin products. However, donkey farming is currently facing the dual challenges of insufficient endurance and poor reproductive performance. Traditional feed has nutritional limitations. Traditional donkey feed is mainly composed of roughage and a small amount of concentrated feed. Although these feeds can satisfy the donkey's basic sense of fullness, the nutritional composition is relatively simple. For example, straw feed mainly provides cellulose, which has a low energy conversion rate and cannot provide continuous and stable energy support for donkeys to work at high intensity for a long time. When carrying out long-distance transportation or long-term farm work, donkeys often quickly become tired due to insufficient energy reserves and have poor endurance performance; Special nutritional needs are not met. During the working process, the metabolism of donkeys speeds up, and the demand for trace nutrients such as vitamins and minerals increases. Vitamin E not only has antioxidant function, but also can maintain the integrity of muscle cell membranes and improve muscle endurance. However, the content of trace nutrients such as vitamin E in traditional feed is difficult to meet the high-intensity working needs of donkeys, resulting in the accumulation of fatigue substances in the muscles of donkeys after long-term exercise, which affects their endurance recovery. At present, although there are some feed improvement programs for donkey farming, there are still many shortcomings. Although some feed additives can improve certain aspects of donkey performance to a certain extent, such as some energy supplements can temporarily improve donkeys' athletic ability, long-term use can easily cause other health problems, such as metabolic disorders. Moreover, most products only focus on one aspect of endurance or reproductive performance, and lack functional feed formulas that comprehensively consider the nutritional needs of donkeys throughout the growth, labor and reproduction process. In addition, some existing functional feeds are too expensive and the breeding benefits are not significant, which limits their widespread application in actual breeding. For this reason, we propose a functional feed formula that improves donkey endurance and reproductive performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a functional feed formula for improving the endurance and reproductive performance of donkeys.

[0004] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance, including the selection and pretreatment of raw materials, nutrient element ratio, functional enhancement material treatment and post-molding treatment. The specific operation steps of the functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance are as follows: Step 1: Select high-sugar mulberry grass as energy grass, chop it into pieces, put it into a fermentation tank, add enzyme preparation for saccharification, mix mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves, crush them into composite protein leaf powder, transfer them into a vacuum container for activation treatment, and store them for later use after preparation; Step 2: Select functional enhancement materials, including modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complexes, and rare earth element chelates, and store them for future use after processing; Step 3: Add the saccharified high-sugar Li grass and the activated composite protein leaf powder into a mixer for preliminary stirring, and then add the modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complex and rare earth element chelate in sequence for stirring and mixing to obtain a crude mixed feed; Step 4: adding the functional formula A and the functional formula B to the crude mixed feed in sequence and mixing them, and adjusting the viscosity of the mixed feed after sufficient mixing to obtain a finished mixed feed; Step 5: After the mixed feed is extruded and formed, it is cooled and dried, and coated using fluidized bed coating technology. After the coating is completed, it is tested and packaged for later use after passing the test.

[0005] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 1, high-sugar grass is collected and chopped into 2cm-3cm in length, and put into a fermentation tank, 2kg of cellulase and 1kg of amylase are added per ton of high-sugar grass, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and sealed for saccharification treatment at 35°C for 24h, mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves are mixed in a ratio of 3:2, and freeze-dried under vacuum conditions at a temperature of -50°C to -60°C for 8h-10h. After freeze-drying, it is crushed and transferred into a vacuum container, and carbon dioxide gas with a concentration of 5% is introduced, and it is kept at 40°C for 3h. After the treatment is completed, it is stored for use.

[0006] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 2, chitin oligosaccharides are extracted from mealworm shells, chitin oligosaccharides are dissolved in deionized water, 0.5 kg of chitosan is added, and the reaction is stirred at 50° C. and 200 r / min for 4 hours to obtain a modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale oxygen-rich particles are dispersed in a liposome solution by liposome coating technology, and the oxygen-rich particles are evenly wrapped with liposomes by ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, and a plant polyphenol complex, gum arabic and maltodextrin are mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:2:2 by spray drying microencapsulation technology, and microcapsules are prepared by a spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 180° C. and an outlet air temperature of 80° C. to obtain a microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex, and a rare earth element amino acid chelate is dissolved in a small amount of dilute acid solution, and then slowly added to 10 kg of montmorillonite powder at a stirring speed of 180 r / min, and stirring is continued for 2 hours to make the rare earth element chelate evenly dispersed on the surface of the montmorillonite powder.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: in the step 3, the saccharified high-sugar Li grass is taken out from the fermentation tank and placed together with the activated composite protein leaf powder into a horizontal mixer with a high-precision stirring control function. The horizontal mixer is a variable frequency speed regulating motor equipped with a multi-angle stirring paddle. The stirring speed is set to 150r / min and the stirring time is 15min. After the stirring is completed, the prepared modified insect chitin extract is slowly added to the preliminarily mixed material. The multi-point spray device on the top of the mixer is used to evenly distribute the modified insect chitin extract on the surface of the material in the form of mist. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 180r / min and stirred for 10min. After the stirring is completed, the nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles are pretreated using an ultrasonic disperser. The microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is fully dispersed into a single particle state in a dispersion medium, and the dispersed nano-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are sucked into a mixer and mixed with the material. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 180 r / min and the stirring is continued for 10 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is added to the mixer, and the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is evenly conveyed to the mixer by a screw conveyor to ensure that it is evenly distributed in the material. After the addition, the stirring speed is adjusted to 200 r / min, and the stirring is mixed for 15 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the montmorillonite powder dispersed with the rare earth element chelate is added to the mixer, and the montmorillonite powder is evenly sprinkled into the material using a vibrating feeder. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 200 r / min and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a crude mixed feed.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula A are as follows: The rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea were selected, washed and sliced, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology was used. Under the conditions of extraction pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 40°C, 95% ethanol was used as an entrainer and the extraction was performed for 3 hours to obtain 3 kg of high-purity Rhodiola rosea extract. Taurine crystals with a purity of 99%, β-alanine with a purity of 98%, trehalose and natural tocopherol were selected, and the Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine were transferred to a sterile reactor with a stirring device. The stirring was continued at a stirring speed of 100 r / min for 30 minutes at room temperature, and the three ingredients were preliminarily mixed. Then a sterile container was prepared, and trehalose was dissolved in deionized water to prepare a trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 20%. The solution was heated to 60°C and stirred continuously until the trehalose was completely dissolved to ensure that the solution was uniform and free of impurities. The trehalose solution was slowly poured into a reactor containing Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine, and natural tocopherol was added at the same time. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 80°C, the stirring speed was increased to 200r / min, and the reaction was continued for 2h. During this process, trehalose gradually formed a glassy matrix, which encapsulated the three active ingredients. At the same time, tocopherol played an antioxidant role to prevent the active ingredients from oxidizing. After the reaction, the mixture was transferred to a vacuum drying oven and dried at a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa and a temperature of 40°C for 12h to remove excess moisture. The mixture was crushed to a particle size between 10um and 20um using an ultrafine grinder to obtain a uniform and fine powdered functional formula A. The crushed functional formula A was quickly put into an aluminum foil bag, and a vacuum packaging machine was used to evacuate and seal it.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula B are as follows: The cleaned and dried Cistanche deserticola was selected, crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and an enzyme-assisted water extraction method was used. 0.5% of cellulase was added, and the enzyme was hydrolyzed at 50°C and a pH value of 5.0 for 2 hours. After the enzymatic hydrolysis was completed, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and the water was extracted for 3 hours. The filtrate was filtered using a filtration device to obtain a clear filtrate. The clear filtrate was transferred to a concentration device and concentrated at a temperature of 60°C-70°C. -0.08MPa, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Cistanche extract, which was stored for later use. For the preparation of zinc-methionine chelate, zinc sulfate and methionine were added to a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.0-7.5 in a molar ratio of 1:2, and the reaction was stirred at 60°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the generated zinc-methionine chelate was separated from the reaction system by filtration, and washed with deionized water for 2-3 times. After washing, it was dried at 50°C-60°C to constant weight to obtain zinc-methionine chelate.

[0010] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 4, the prepared Cistanche extract is dissolved in an ethanol solution, the ethanol volume fraction is selected to be 60%, and under stirring conditions, the prepared zinc-methionine chelate and L-arginine with a purity of 99% are added in sequence, and stirred at a temperature of 30° C. and a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 hours. After mixing evenly, a mixed solution is obtained, cyclodextrin is added thereto and the temperature is raised to 50° C., and stirring is continued for 5 hours. The amount of cyclodextrin added is 0.4 kg per kilogram of the mixed solution. After stirring, a mixed solution is obtained. , transfer the mixed solution to a rotary evaporator, concentrate under reduced pressure at 40°C and -0.08MPa to remove the ethanol solvent, transfer the concentrated product to a freeze dryer, freeze-dry it at -50°C and -0.1MPa for 24 hours to obtain a dispersed solid product, grind the freeze-dried product with a grinder to a particle size of 20um-30um, and add anhydrous silica gel according to 10% of the total mass of the solid product, stir and mix again for 30 minutes, and evenly disperse the anhydrous silica gel in the powder to obtain functional formula B.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 4, the functional formula A and the functional formula B are sequentially added to the crude mixed feed for mixing, the addition amount of the functional formula A is 5 kg per ton of the crude mixed feed, the functional formula A is added to the horizontal mixer and maintained at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, stirred until the functional formula A is dispersed in the crude mixed feed, and then the functional formula B is added, the addition amount of the functional formula B is 4 kg per ton of the crude mixed feed, after the functional formula B is slowly added to the mixer, it is added at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, after the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 220 r / min, and the stirring is continued until the functional formula B is completely dispersed in the crude mixed feed mixed with the functional formula A, after fully stirring and mixing, the food-grade thickener is added to the horizontal mixer, and the stirring is carried out at a stirring speed of 150 r / min during the addition process. When the viscosity reaches 200 cps-300 cps, the addition of the food-grade thickener is stopped, and stirring is continued for 5 minutes to obtain a finished mixed feed.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 5, the finished mixed feed is slowly conveyed to the feed port of the twin-screw extruder, and the finished mixed feed is extruded through a specific mold under the rotation of the screw to form a strip feed with a diameter of 5mm-7mm, and the extruded strip feed is conveyed to an air-cooled conveyor belt. When the strip feed is cooled to 40°C, it is dried, the drying temperature is set to 50°C, the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, and the drying time is continued for 8h-10h. When the moisture content of the feed is reduced to 10%-12%, the drying is stopped, and a coating liquid prepared by beeswax, lecithin and vegetable oil in a ratio of 2:1:3 is prepared, the beeswax is first heated to 70°C-80°C to make it completely melted, and then the lecithin and vegetable oil are added in sequence, and the mixture is dried at 60°C at 2 00r / min and stir for 1h, mix all the ingredients thoroughly and evenly to make coating liquid, send the dried strip feed into the fluidized bed coating machine, start the equipment, tumble the feed particles evenly in the fluidized state, and use a nozzle to spray the coating liquid evenly on the surface of the feed particles in the form of mist, and control the pressure of the nozzle at 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. During the spraying process, the surface of the feed particles is in contact with hot air and maintained at 35℃-40℃. The coating process lasts for 30min-40min. After the coating is completed, the feed is subjected to a comprehensive quality inspection. The inspection items include appearance, particle size distribution, moisture content, nutrient content and coating integrity. The qualified feed is packed into moisture-proof and anti-oxidation packaging bags by an automatic packaging machine.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention freeze-dries the mixed leaves and then crushes them into powder, thereby retaining the bioactive ingredients such as protein and flavonoids in the leaves, so that the leaves can be used as a high-quality plant protein source and a source of functional ingredients. The composite protein leaf powder is activated by introducing carbon dioxide gas to activate the bioactive ingredients in the leaf powder, thereby improving its bioavailability. The polysaccharides in the high-sugar grass can be further decomposed into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by saccharifying the high-sugar grass, thereby improving the energy release rate. The modified insect chitin extract is added by a spraying method, so that the modified insect chitin extract can be contacted and mixed with other materials faster and more evenly. The finished mixed feed is coated. In this process, beeswax provides a certain hardness and waterproofness, lecithin acts as an emulsifier to make the ingredients mix better, and vegetable oil increases the fluidity and flexibility of the coating liquid. The temperature of the feed particle surface is in contact with the hot air, so that a uniform and continuous protective film is formed on the surface of the feed particles, which is conducive to the rapid spreading and solidification of the coating liquid on the particle surface. By coating the mixed feed, the stability of the feed can be improved, and the influence of external environmental factors on the internal components of the feed can be effectively isolated. The surface of the coated feed is smoother and more uniform, which improves the palatability. In the donkey's digestive system, the release rate of nutrients in the feed can be controlled in a targeted manner, reducing the adverse effects of the feed on the gastrointestinal tract. 2. The present invention can effectively improve the reproductive performance of donkeys by adding Cistanche deserticola extract, zinc-methionine chelate, L-arginine, cyclodextrin, plant polyphenol complex, rare earth element chelate and probiotic fermentation products and other substances, and coordinating corresponding preparation steps. The extract is prepared by specifically treating Cistanche deserticola. The extract can nourish the kidney and strengthen yang, regulate reproductive function, and promote the maintenance of reproductive endocrine balance of donkeys. At the same time, it can lay a foundation for improving the conception rate and embryo survival rate. By adding cyclodextrin in the process of preparing feed, cyclodextrin can enhance feed stability and optimize the generation environment of germ cells, and It is helpful to improve the bioavailability of reproduction-related substances and further improve the reproductive performance of donkeys. By treating rare earth element amino acid chelates with montmorillonite powder, rare earth element chelates can promote the proliferation and differentiation of animal reproductive cells and have a driving effect on improving reproductive performance. At the same time, they can regulate the physiological metabolic processes related to reproduction in donkeys. By making the plant polyphenol complex into microcapsules, the prepared microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex can regulate the reproductive endocrine system and have a positive effect on improving the sperm quality of male donkeys and the reproductive function of female donkeys. At the same time, it can enhance the adaptability of the donkey's reproductive system to environmental changes and enhance the donkey's reproductive performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional feed preparation process in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a comparison chart of endurance performance test data in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of reproductive performance test data in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0016] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 The present invention discloses a functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance, including the selection and pretreatment of raw materials, nutrient element ratio, functional enhancement material treatment and post-molding treatment. The specific operation steps of the functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance are as follows: Step 1: Select high-sugar mulberry grass as energy grass, chop it into pieces, put it into a fermentation tank, add enzyme preparation for saccharification, mix mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves, crush them into composite protein leaf powder, transfer them into a vacuum container for activation treatment, and store them for later use after preparation; Step 2: Select functional enhancement materials, including modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complexes, and rare earth element chelates, and store them for future use after processing; Step 3: Add the saccharified high-sugar Li grass and the activated composite protein leaf powder into a mixer for preliminary stirring, and then add the modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complex and rare earth element chelate in sequence for stirring and mixing to obtain a crude mixed feed; Step 4: adding the functional formula A and the functional formula B to the crude mixed feed in sequence and mixing them, and adjusting the viscosity of the mixed feed after sufficient mixing to obtain a finished mixed feed; Step 5: After the mixed feed is extruded and formed, it is cooled and dried, and coated using fluidized bed coating technology. After the coating is completed, it is tested and packaged for later use after passing the test.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step one, high-sugar grass is collected and chopped into pieces to a length of 2cm-3cm, and placed in a fermentation tank, 2kg of cellulase and 1kg of amylase are added per ton of high-sugar grass, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and sealed for saccharification at 35°C for 24 hours, mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves are mixed in a ratio of 3:2, and freeze-dried under vacuum conditions at a temperature of -50°C to -60°C for 8h-10h. After freeze-drying, a crushing operation is performed, and then it is transferred to a vacuum container, and carbon dioxide gas with a concentration of 5% is introduced, and it is kept at 40°C for 3h. After the treatment is completed, it is stored for later use.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 2, chitin oligosaccharides are extracted from mealworm shells, chitin oligosaccharides are dissolved in deionized water, 0.5 kg of chitosan is added, and the reaction is stirred at 50° C. and 200 r / min for 4 hours to obtain a modified insect chitin extract, liposome encapsulation technology is used to disperse nano-scale oxygen-rich particles in a liposome solution, and the oxygen-rich particles are evenly wrapped with liposomes by ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, and a plant polyphenol complex, gum arabic and maltodextrin are mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:2:2 by spray drying microencapsulation technology, and microcapsules are prepared by a spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 180° C. and an outlet air temperature of 80° C. to obtain a microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex, and a rare earth element amino acid chelate is dissolved in a small amount of dilute acid solution, and then slowly added to 10 kg of montmorillonite powder at a stirring speed of 180 r / min, and stirring is continued for 2 hours to make the rare earth element chelate evenly dispersed on the surface of the montmorillonite powder.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step three, the saccharified high-sugar Li grass is taken out from the fermentation tank and placed together with the activated composite protein leaf powder in a horizontal mixer with a high-precision stirring control function. The horizontal mixer is a variable frequency speed regulating motor equipped with a multi-angle stirring paddle. The stirring speed is set to 150r / min and the stirring time is 15min. After the stirring is completed, the prepared modified insect chitin extract is slowly added to the preliminarily mixed material, and the modified insect chitin extract is evenly distributed on the surface of the material in the form of mist using a multi-point spray device on the top of the mixer. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 180r / min and stirred for 10min. After the stirring is completed, the nano-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are pre-treated using an ultrasonic disperser. The microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is fully dispersed into a single particle state in a dispersion medium, and the dispersed nano-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are sucked into a mixer and mixed with the material. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 180 r / min and the stirring is continued for 10 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is added to the mixer, and the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is evenly conveyed to the mixer by a screw conveyor to ensure that it is evenly distributed in the material. After the addition, the stirring speed is adjusted to 200 r / min, and the stirring is mixed for 15 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the montmorillonite powder dispersed with the rare earth element chelate is added to the mixer, and the montmorillonite powder is evenly sprinkled into the material using a vibrating feeder. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 200 r / min and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a crude mixed feed.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula A are as follows: The rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea were selected, washed and sliced, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology was used. Under the conditions of extraction pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 40°C, 95% ethanol was used as an entrainer and the extraction was performed for 3 hours to obtain 3 kg of high-purity Rhodiola rosea extract. Taurine crystals with a purity of 99%, β-alanine with a purity of 98%, trehalose and natural tocopherol were selected, and the Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine were transferred to a sterile reactor with a stirring device. The stirring was continued at a stirring speed of 100 r / min for 30 minutes at room temperature, and the three ingredients were preliminarily mixed. Then a sterile container was prepared, and trehalose was dissolved in deionized water to prepare a trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 20%. The solution was heated to 60°C and stirred continuously until the trehalose was completely dissolved to ensure that the solution was uniform and free of impurities. The trehalose solution was slowly poured into a reactor containing Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine, and natural tocopherol was added at the same time. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 80°C, the stirring speed was increased to 200r / min, and the reaction was continued for 2h. During this process, trehalose gradually formed a glassy matrix, which encapsulated the three active ingredients. At the same time, tocopherol played an antioxidant role to prevent the active ingredients from oxidizing. After the reaction, the mixture was transferred to a vacuum drying oven and dried at a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa and a temperature of 40°C for 12h to remove excess moisture. The mixture was crushed to a particle size between 10um and 20um using an ultrafine grinder to obtain a uniform and fine powdered functional formula A. The crushed functional formula A was quickly put into an aluminum foil bag, and a vacuum packaging machine was used to evacuate and seal it.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula B are as follows: The cleaned and dried Cistanche deserticola was selected, crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and an enzyme-assisted water extraction method was used. 0.5% of cellulase was added, and the enzyme was hydrolyzed at 50°C and a pH value of 5.0 for 2 hours. After the enzymatic hydrolysis was completed, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and the water was extracted for 3 hours. The filtrate was filtered using a filtration device to obtain a clear filtrate. The clear filtrate was transferred to a concentration device and concentrated at a temperature of 60°C-70°C. -0.08MPa, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Cistanche extract, which was stored for later use. For the preparation of zinc-methionine chelate, zinc sulfate and methionine were added to a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.0-7.5 in a molar ratio of 1:2, and the reaction was stirred at 60°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the generated zinc-methionine chelate was separated from the reaction system by filtration, and washed with deionized water for 2-3 times. After washing, it was dried at 50°C-60°C to constant weight to obtain zinc-methionine chelate.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 4, the prepared Cistanche extract is dissolved in an ethanol solution, the ethanol volume fraction is selected to be 60%, and under stirring conditions, the prepared zinc-methionine chelate and L-arginine with a purity of 99% are added in sequence, and stirred at a temperature of 30° C. and a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 hours. After mixing evenly, a mixed solution is obtained, cyclodextrin is added thereto and the temperature is raised to 50° C., and stirring is continued for 5 hours. The amount of cyclodextrin added is 0.4 kg per kilogram of the mixed solution. After the stirring is completed, a mixed solution is obtained. , transfer the mixed solution to a rotary evaporator, concentrate under reduced pressure at 40°C and -0.08MPa to remove the ethanol solvent, transfer the concentrated product to a freeze dryer, freeze-dry it at -50°C and -0.1MPa for 24 hours to obtain a dispersed solid product, grind the freeze-dried product with a grinder to a particle size of 20um-30um, and add anhydrous silica gel according to 10% of the total mass of the solid product, stir and mix again for 30 minutes, and evenly disperse the anhydrous silica gel in the powder to obtain functional formula B.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 4, functional formula A and functional formula B are sequentially added to the crude mixed feed for mixing, the addition amount of functional formula A is 5 kg per ton of crude mixed feed, the functional formula A is added to the horizontal mixer and maintained at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, stirred until the functional formula A is dispersed in the crude mixed feed, and then the functional formula B is added, the addition amount of functional formula B is 4 kg per ton of crude mixed feed, after the functional formula B is slowly added to the mixer, it is added at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, after the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 220 r / min, and the stirring is continued until the functional formula B is completely dispersed in the crude mixed feed mixed with the functional formula A, after sufficient stirring and mixing, a food-grade thickener is added to the horizontal mixer, and the stirring is carried out at a stirring speed of 150 r / min during the addition process. When the viscosity reaches 200 cps-300 cps, the addition of the food-grade thickener is stopped, and stirring is continued for 5 minutes to obtain a finished mixed feed.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 5, the finished mixed feed is slowly conveyed to the feed port of the twin-screw extruder, and the finished mixed feed is extruded through a specific mold under the rotation of the screw to form a strip feed with a diameter of 5mm-7mm, and the extruded strip feed is conveyed to an air-cooled conveyor belt. When the strip feed is cooled to 40°C, it is dried, the drying temperature is set to 50°C, the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, and the drying time is continued for 8h-10h. When the moisture content of the feed is reduced to 10%-12%, the drying is stopped, and a coating liquid made of beeswax, lecithin and vegetable oil in a ratio of 2:1:3 is prepared, the beeswax is first heated to 70°C-80°C to melt it completely, and then the lecithin and vegetable oil are added in sequence, and the mixture is dried at 60°C at 2 00r / min and stir for 1h, mix all the ingredients thoroughly and evenly to make coating liquid, send the dried strip feed into the fluidized bed coating machine, start the equipment, tumble the feed particles evenly in the fluidized state, and use a nozzle to spray the coating liquid evenly on the surface of the feed particles in the form of mist, and control the pressure of the nozzle at 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. During the spraying process, the surface of the feed particles is in contact with hot air and maintained at 35℃-40℃. The coating process lasts for 30min-40min. After the coating is completed, the feed is subjected to a comprehensive quality inspection. The inspection items include appearance, particle size distribution, moisture content, nutrient content and coating integrity. The qualified feed is packed into moisture-proof and anti-oxidation packaging bags by an automatic packaging machine.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 1, the specific freeze-drying operation is as follows: Before freeze-drying, open the vacuum freeze dryer in advance, lower the temperature of the cold trap to -50℃ to -60℃, and start the vacuum pump to make the vacuum degree in the freeze-drying chamber reach 10Pa-20Pa, quickly transfer the pre-frozen leaf tray to the freeze-drying chamber, close the chamber door, and start the freeze-drying process. In the early stage of freeze-drying, the sublimation of ice crystals requires a lot of heat, so the heating plate temperature needs to be set to -15℃- -10℃, provide energy for ice crystal sublimation, and keep the vacuum degree in the warehouse at 10-20Pa. This stage lasts for 12-15 hours, so that the ice crystals in the leaves are directly sublimated into water vapor and captured by the cold trap. As the sublimation drying proceeds, most of the ice crystals in the leaves have sublimated. At this time, increase the temperature of the heating plate to 20℃-30℃ to further remove the residual bound water in the leaves. At the same time, increase the vacuum degree in the warehouse to 5-10Pa to accelerate the decomposition of water. This stage lasts for 8-10 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the leaves drops below 5%. During this process, monitor the humidity changes in the warehouse through a hygrometer. If the humidity increases, it means that water is decomposed. It is necessary to adjust the temperature of the heating plate and the vacuum degree appropriately. After the freeze-drying is completed, wait until the temperature in the freeze-drying warehouse returns to near room temperature, open the door and take out the tray. At this time, the leaves have become dry and crisp, and then use a grinder to crush them into powder and pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve to make the particle size of the composite protein leaf powder uniform, which is convenient for subsequent mixing with other feed raw materials.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 4, the water extraction operation is performed after the enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the temperature is raised to 80°C and the water extraction is performed for 3 hours. During the water extraction process, the temperature of the reaction system is kept stable at 80°C. Through the penetration and diffusion of water molecules, the effective ingredients in Cistanche deserticola, such as echinacoside and verbascoside, are dissolved in water. The amount of water is added in a certain proportion according to the amount of Cistanche deserticola. The mass ratio of Cistanche deserticola to water is 1:10-12, that is, 10L-12L of water needs to be added to each kilogram of Cistanche deserticola powder to ensure that the effective ingredients are fully dissolved. Moderate stirring is required during the water extraction process, and the stirring speed is controlled at 100r / min-120r / min to make the Cistanche deserticola powder fully contact with water and improve the extraction efficiency.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 4, the reaction equation of zinc sulfate and methionine in phosphate buffer solution is as follows:

[0028] In the above equation, the zinc ion in zinc sulfate The amino group in the methionine molecule and carboxyl A coordination reaction occurs to form a stable zinc-methionine chelate.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 3, the specific preparation steps of the plant polyphenol compound are as follows: The pomegranate peel rich in ellagic acid and the gallnut rich in gallic acid were selected as raw materials, the collected pomegranate peel and the gallnut were washed with clean water respectively to remove surface impurities, and then dried in a cool and ventilated place. After drying, the pomegranate peel and the gallnut were crushed respectively, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and the pomegranate peel powder and the gallnut powder were obtained. 5 kg of the pomegranate peel powder was weighed and put into a 50 L stainless steel reactor, and 30 L of 70% ethanol solution by volume was added, and reflux extraction was performed at a temperature of 80 ° C for 2 h, during which continuous stirring was performed, and the stirring speed was 120 r / min. After the extraction was completed, rapid filtration was performed, and the filtrate was collected. The extraction was repeated twice, and the filtrate was combined. The combined filtrate was reduced to 100% by weight. The mixture was concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume under reduced pressure, and allowed to stand at 4°C for 12 hours to crystallize ellagic acid, which was filtered to obtain crude ellagic acid. It was recrystallized twice with a 50% by volume ethanol solution to obtain high-purity ellagic acid. 3 kg of gallnut powder was weighed and placed in a 30 L extraction tank. 20 L of a 5% by mass sulfuric acid solution was added, and heated to hydrolyze at 90°C for 3 hours. Stirring was maintained during the hydrolysis process at a stirring speed of 100 r / min. After the hydrolysis was completed, it was cooled to room temperature, and the pH value was adjusted to 7.0 with a saturated sodium carbonate solution. Then, an equal volume of ethyl acetate was added for extraction. The extraction was performed 3 times, with each oscillation extraction for 10 minutes, and the mixture was allowed to stand. The mixture was separated for 15 min, the ethyl acetate layer was collected, and the ethyl acetate was removed by vacuum distillation to obtain a crude gallic acid product. The crude gallic acid product was dissolved in hot water, cooled and crystallized, and filtered to obtain gallic acid crystals. 3 kg of gallnut powder was weighed and placed in a 30 L extraction tank. 20 L of 5% sulfuric acid solution was added, and heated and hydrolyzed at 90 ° C for 3 h. Stirring was maintained during the hydrolysis process at a stirring speed of 100 r / min. After the hydrolysis was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the pH value was adjusted to 7.0 with a saturated sodium carbonate solution, and then an equal volume of ethyl acetate was added for extraction. The extraction was performed 3 times, with each oscillation extraction for 10 min, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 15 min. The ethyl acetate was collected and the mixture was then extracted. The ethyl acetate layer was removed by vacuum distillation to obtain crude gallic acid, which was dissolved in hot water, cooled and crystallized, and filtered to obtain gallic acid crystals. According to the molar ratio of ellagic acid to gallic acid of 1:1, 61.6 g of ellagic acid and 38.4 g of gallic acid were weighed, dissolved in 100 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, and reacted at 40°C and a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 800 mL of deionized water to precipitate the ellagic acid-gallic acid complex. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with deionized water 3 times, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C to constant weight to obtain a plant polyphenol complex.

[0030] Example

[0031] Collect high-sugar Li grass, chop it into 2 cm length, add 2 kg of cellulase and 1 kg of amylase per ton of high-sugar Li grass, add enzyme preparation to the chopped high-sugar Li grass, adjust the moisture content to 60%, put the above mixture into a fermentation tank, and seal it at 35°C for saccharification for 24 hours; Weigh mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves in a ratio of 3:2, mix them and weigh a total of 500 kg, start the vacuum freeze dryer in advance, lower the cold trap temperature to -55°C, start the vacuum pump to make the vacuum degree in the freeze-drying chamber reach 15Pa, spread the mixed leaves evenly on the tray, put them in the pre-freezing refrigerator, first cool them to -20°C at a rate of 2°C / min, keep them for 1.5 hours, then cool them to -50°C at a rate of 1°C / min, keep them for 2.5 hours for pre-freezing, after the pre-freezing is completed, quickly transfer the tray to the freeze-drying chamber, close the chamber door and start freeze-drying, in the early stage of freeze-drying, set the heating plate temperature to -12°C, keep the vacuum degree in the chamber at 15Pa, this stage lasts for 13 hours, The ice crystals in the leaves are sublimated into water vapor and captured by the cold trap. As the sublimation drying proceeds, after most of the ice crystals are sublimated, the temperature of the heating plate is increased to 25°C, and the vacuum degree in the chamber is increased to 8Pa for 9 hours to further remove the residual bound water in the leaves and ensure that the moisture content of the leaves is reduced to below 5%. After the freeze-drying is completed, when the temperature in the freeze-drying chamber returns to near room temperature, the chamber door is opened and the tray is taken out. The freeze-dried leaves are crushed into powder by a grinder and passed through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain a composite protein leaf powder. The composite protein leaf powder is transferred to a vacuum container, and a carbon dioxide gas with a concentration of 5% is introduced. It is kept at a temperature of 40°C for 3 hours. After the treatment is completed, it is stored for use; Chitin oligosaccharides were extracted from mealworm shells, dissolved in deionized water, 0.5 kg of chitosan was added, and the mixture was stirred at 50°C and 200 r / min for 4 h to obtain a modified insect chitin extract. The nano-scale oxygen-rich particles were dispersed in the liposome solution by liposome coating technology, and the solution was ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to make the liposomes evenly coat the oxygen-rich particles, thereby obtaining nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles. The plant polyphenol compound, gum arabic and maltodextrin were mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:2:2 by using a spray drying microencapsulation technology, and microcapsules were prepared by a spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 180° C. and an outlet air temperature of 80° C. to obtain a microencapsulated plant polyphenol compound; Dissolve the rare earth element amino acid chelate in a small amount of dilute acid solution, then slowly add it into 10 kg of montmorillonite powder at a stirring speed of 180 r / min, and continue stirring for 2 hours to make the rare earth element chelate evenly dispersed on the surface of the montmorillonite powder; The saccharified high-sugar Li grass was taken out from the fermentation tank and placed together with the activated composite protein leaf powder into a horizontal mixer with high-precision stirring control function. The horizontal mixer is a variable frequency speed regulating motor equipped with a multi-angle stirring paddle. The stirring speed is set to 150r / min and the stirring time is 15min. After the stirring is completed, the multi-point spray device on the top of the mixer is used to slowly and evenly distribute the prepared modified insect chitin extract on the surface of the material in the form of mist. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 180r / min and stirred for 10min. The nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles are pre-treated using an ultrasonic disperser. The nanometer-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are then sucked into a mixer and mixed with the material. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 180 r / min and the stirring is continued for 10 minutes. The microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is uniformly conveyed to the mixer by a screw conveyor. After the addition, the stirring speed is adjusted to 200 r / min and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes. The montmorillonite powder dispersed with the rare earth element chelate is evenly sprinkled into the material by a vibrating feeder. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 200 r / min and the mixture is stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a crude mixed feed. The rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea were selected, washed and sliced, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology was used. Under the conditions of extraction pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 40°C, 95% ethanol was used as an entrainer and the extraction was performed for 3 hours to obtain 3 kg of high-purity Rhodiola rosea extract. Taurine crystals with a purity of 99%, β-alanine with a purity of 98%, trehalose and natural tocopherol were selected. The Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine were transferred into a sterile reactor with a stirring device, and the stirring was continued at a stirring speed of 100 r / min for 30 minutes at room temperature. After the three components were preliminarily mixed, trehalose was dissolved in deionized water in a sterile container to prepare a trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 20%, which was heated to 60°C and continued Stir until the trehalose is completely dissolved, ensuring that the solution is uniform and free of impurities, slowly pour the prepared trehalose solution into the reactor containing Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine, and add natural tocopherol at the same time, increase the temperature of the reactor to 80°C, increase the stirring speed to 200r / min, and continue the reaction for 2h. After the reaction is completed, transfer the mixture to a vacuum drying oven and dry it at a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa and a temperature of 40°C for 12h to remove excess moisture, and use an ultrafine grinder to grind it to a particle size between 10um and 15um to obtain a uniform and fine powdered functional formula A, quickly put the crushed functional formula A into an aluminum foil bag, and use a vacuum packaging machine to evacuate and seal it; The cleaned and dried Cistanche deserticola was selected, crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and then 0.5% of cellulase was added, and enzymolysis reaction was carried out at 50° C. and pH 5.0 for 2 h. After the enzymolysis was completed, the temperature was raised to 80° C., and water was added at a ratio of 1:11 between the mass of Cistanche deserticola and water, that is, 11 L of water was added per kilogram of Cistanche deserticola powder, and water extraction was carried out for 3 h. During the water extraction process, the temperature of the reaction system was kept stable at 80° C., and the stirring speed was 110 r / min to stir appropriately so that the Cistanche deserticola powder was fully in contact with the water. After the water extraction was completed, the Cistanche deserticola powder was filtered using a filtering device to obtain a clarified filtrate, and the clarified filtrate was transferred to a concentration device, and reduced pressure concentration was carried out at a temperature of 65° C. and a pressure of -0.07 MPa to obtain a Cistanche deserticola extract, which was stored for later use; Zinc sulfate and methionine were added to a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.2 in a molar ratio of 1:2, and the reaction was stirred at 60°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the generated zinc-methionine chelate was separated from the reaction system by filtration and washed twice with deionized water. After washing, it was dried to constant weight at 55°C to obtain zinc-methionine chelate. The obtained Cistanche extract was dissolved in an ethanol solution with an ethanol volume fraction of 60%. Under stirring conditions, the prepared zinc-methionine chelate and L-arginine with a purity of 99% were added in sequence, and stirred at 30°C at a stirring speed of 150r / min for 3 hours. After mixing evenly, a mixed solution was obtained. liquid, add cyclodextrin to the mixed solution, add 0.4kg cyclodextrin per kilogram of mixed solution, and heat to 50°C, continue stirring for 5h, and obtain a mixed solution after stirring. Transfer the mixed solution to a rotary evaporator, and concentrate under reduced pressure at 40°C and -0.08MPa to remove the ethanol solvent. Transfer the concentrated product to a freeze dryer, and freeze-dry it at -50°C and -0.1MPa for 24h to obtain a dispersed solid product. Use a pulverizer to crush the freeze-dried product to a particle size of 20um-30um, and add anhydrous silica gel according to 10% of the total mass of the solid product. After stirring and mixing for 30min again, the anhydrous silica gel is evenly dispersed in the powder to obtain a functional formula B; Functional formula A and functional formula B are sequentially added to the crude mixed feed for mixing, the addition amount of functional formula A is 5 kg per ton of crude mixed feed, the functional formula A is added to the horizontal mixer and maintained at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, and stirred until the functional formula A is dispersed in the crude mixed feed, and then the functional formula B is added, and the addition amount of functional formula B is 4 kg per ton of crude mixed feed, after the functional formula B is slowly added to the mixer, it is added at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, after the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 220 r / min, and the stirring is continued until the functional formula B is completely dispersed in the crude mixed feed mixed with the functional formula A, after fully stirring and mixing, a food-grade thickener is added to the horizontal mixer, and the stirring is carried out at a stirring speed of 150 r / min during the addition process. When the viscosity reaches 250 cps, the addition of the food-grade thickener is stopped, and stirring is continued for 5 minutes to obtain a finished mixed feed; The finished mixed feed is slowly conveyed to the feeding port of the twin-screw extruder. Under the rotation of the screw, the finished mixed feed is extruded through a specific die to form a strip feed with a diameter of 6 mm. The extruded strip feed is conveyed to an air-cooled conveyor belt. When the temperature of the strip feed drops to 40°C, it is dried. The drying temperature is set to 50°C, the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, and the drying time lasts for 9 hours. The drying is stopped when the moisture content of the feed drops to 11%. Prepare a coating liquid made of beeswax, lecithin and vegetable oil in a ratio of 2:1:3, first heat the beeswax to 75°C to make it completely melted, then add lecithin and vegetable oil in turn, stir at 60°C at a speed of 200r / min for 1h, and fully mix the ingredients to make a coating liquid, send the dried strip feed into a fluidized bed coating machine, start the equipment, roll the feed particles evenly in a fluidized state, and use a nozzle to evenly spray the coating liquid on the surface of the feed particles in a mist form, control the pressure of the nozzle at 0.25MPa, and during the spraying process, the surface of the feed particles is in contact with hot air and maintained at 38°C. The coating process lasts for 35min, and a mixed feed product is obtained after the coating is completed.

[0032] The finished mixed feed prepared in the examples was tested to verify the effect of the functional feed on improving the endurance and reproductive performance of donkeys.

[0033] Test content, Endurance performance test: By simulating the daily working scenes of donkeys, a load-bearing walking test is set up to observe the endurance performance of donkeys within a certain time and distance; Reproduction performance test: Conduct breeding tests on male and female donkeys in the breeding period, and record indicators such as the female donkey's conception rate, litter size, and the health status of the donkey litters; A total of 60 adult donkeys of similar age, weight and good health were selected, including 10 male donkeys and 50 female donkeys, and randomly divided into two groups, with 5 male donkeys and 25 female donkeys in each group; Experimental group: feeding the functional feed prepared above, according to the appropriate daily feed intake of each donkey, for 3 months; Control group: fed with traditional feed, also according to the appropriate daily feed intake of each donkey, for 3 months; Endurance performance test, Preparation before the experiment: Before the experiment, all donkeys participating in the experiment were given adaptive training to make them familiar with the task of carrying weights and walking. At the same time, the donkeys' initial weight, physical condition, etc. were recorded in detail; Load-bearing walking test: After 3 months of feeding, the two groups of donkeys were subjected to a load-bearing walking test. The walking route was set as a circular runway with a length of 5 kilometers. Each donkey carried a weight equivalent to 20% of its body weight. The time it took for each donkey to complete the walking task, the degree of fatigue during the walking process (subjectively evaluated by observing the donkey's pace, breathing rate, sweating, etc., divided into three levels of mild, moderate and severe fatigue) and the recovery time after the walking (the time from the end of the walking to the recovery of breathing and heart rate to normal levels) were recorded; Reproductive performance test, Breeding experiment: After 3 months of feeding, the male and female donkeys in the two groups were naturally bred, and the time of each breeding, the semen quality of the male donkey (including sperm motility, sperm density and other indicators) and the pregnancy status of the female donkey were recorded; Record of female donkey reproduction indicators: Follow up pregnant female donkeys during pregnancy, record the number of litters, birth weight of litters, and survival rate of litters within one month after birth; The final data is as attached Figure 2 -Attached Figure 3 shown.

[0034] It can be seen from the test data that the donkeys in the test group fed with functional feed were significantly better than those in the control group fed with traditional feed in terms of endurance and reproductive performance. In terms of endurance performance, the donkeys in the test group took less time to complete load-bearing walking, had lower fatigue levels, and recovered faster. In terms of reproductive performance, the semen quality of male donkeys in the test group was better, the conception rate of female donkeys was higher, the number of litters increased, and the survival rate of litters was also higher, indicating that the functional feed can effectively improve the endurance and reproductive performance of donkeys.

[0035] The above experimental operations were carried out in compliance with national and local laws and regulations on animal protection, experimental animal management, and relevant ethical guidelines.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0038] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replacements in similar ways by technicians in the technical field shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance, including the selection and pretreatment of raw materials, nutrient element ratio, functional enhancement material treatment and post-molding treatment, the functional enhancement material includes functional formula A and functional formula B, characterized in that: The specific steps of preparing the functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance are as follows: Step 1: Select high-sugar mulberry grass as energy grass, chop it into pieces, put it into a fermentation tank, add enzyme preparation for saccharification, mix mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves, crush them into composite protein leaf powder, and transfer them into a vacuum container for activation treatment; Step 2: Selecting functional enhancement materials, including modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complexes, and rare earth element chelates; Step 3: Add the saccharified high-sugar Li grass and the activated composite protein leaf powder into a mixer for preliminary stirring, and then add the modified insect chitin extract, nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, plant polyphenol complex and rare earth element chelate in sequence for stirring and mixing to obtain a crude mixed feed; Step 4: adding the functional formula A and the functional formula B to the crude mixed feed in sequence and mixing them, and adjusting the viscosity of the mixed feed after sufficient mixing to obtain a finished mixed feed; Step 5: After the mixed feed is extruded and formed, it is cooled and dried, and coated using fluidized bed coating technology. After the coating is completed, it is tested and packaged for later use after passing the test.

2. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, high-sugar grass is collected and chopped into pieces to a length of 2 cm-3 cm, and then put into a fermentation tank. 2 kg of cellulase and 1 kg of amylase are added per ton of high-sugar grass, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60%. The mixture is sealed and saccharified at 35° C. for 24 hours. Mulberry leaves and paper mulberry leaves are mixed in a ratio of 3:2, and then freeze-dried under vacuum conditions at a temperature of -50° C. to -60° C. for 8 hours to 10 hours. After freeze-drying, the mixture is crushed and then transferred into a vacuum container. Carbon dioxide gas with a concentration of 5% is introduced, and the mixture is kept at 40° C. for 3 hours. After the treatment is completed, the mixture is stored for later use.

3. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, chitin oligosaccharides are extracted from mealworm shells, chitin oligosaccharides are dissolved in deionized water, 0.5 kg of chitosan is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted at 50° C. and 200 r / min for 4 hours to obtain a modified insect chitin extract, liposome encapsulation technology is used to disperse nano-scale oxygen-rich particles in a liposome solution, and the oxygen-rich particles are evenly encapsulated by liposomes through ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain nano-scale coated oxygen-rich particles, and a plant polyphenol complex, gum arabic and maltodextrin are mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:2:2 using a spray drying microencapsulation technology, and microcapsules are prepared by a spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 180° C. and an outlet air temperature of 80° C. to obtain a microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex, and a rare earth element amino acid chelate is dissolved in a dilute acid solution, and then slowly added to 10 kg of montmorillonite powder at a stirring speed of 180 r / min, and stirring is continued for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the rare earth element chelate on the surface of the montmorillonite powder.

4. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step three, the saccharified high-sugar Li grass is taken out from the fermentation tank and placed together with the activated composite protein leaf powder into a horizontal mixer with a high-precision stirring control function. The horizontal mixer is a variable frequency speed regulating motor equipped with a multi-angle stirring paddle. The stirring speed is set to 150r / min and the stirring time is 15min. After the stirring is completed, the prepared modified insect chitin extract is slowly added to the preliminarily mixed material, and the modified insect chitin extract is evenly distributed on the surface of the material in the form of mist using a multi-point spray device on the top of the mixer. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 180r / min and stirred for 10min. After the stirring is completed, the nano-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are pre-treated using an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed in The microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is fully dispersed in the medium into a single particle state, and the dispersed nano-scale coated oxygen-enriched particles are sucked into the mixer and mixed with the material. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 180r / min and the stirring is continued for 10 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is added to the mixer, and the microencapsulated plant polyphenol complex is evenly conveyed to the mixer by a screw conveyor to be evenly distributed in the material. After the addition, the stirring speed is adjusted to 200r / min, and the stirring is mixed for 15 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the montmorillonite powder dispersed with the rare earth element chelate is added to the mixer, and the montmorillonite powder is evenly sprinkled into the material using a vibrating feeder. After the addition is completed, the stirring speed is maintained at 200r / min and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a crude mixed feed.

5. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula A are as follows: The rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea were selected, washed and sliced, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology was used. Under the conditions of extraction pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 40°C, 95% ethanol was used as an entrainer and the extraction was performed for 3 hours to obtain 3 kg of high-purity Rhodiola rosea extract. Taurine crystals with a purity of 99%, β-alanine with a purity of 98%, trehalose and natural tocopherol were selected, and the Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine were transferred to a sterile reactor with a stirring device. The stirring was continued at a stirring speed of 100 r / min for 30 minutes at room temperature, and the three ingredients were preliminarily mixed. Then a sterile container was prepared, and trehalose was dissolved in deionized water to prepare a trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 20%. The solution was heated to 60°C and stirred continuously until the trehalose was completely dissolved to ensure that the solution was uniform and free of impurities. The trehalose solution was slowly poured into a reactor containing Rhodiola rosea extract, taurine and β-alanine, and natural tocopherol was added at the same time. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 80°C, the stirring speed was increased to 200r / min, and the reaction was continued for 2h. During this process, trehalose gradually formed a glassy matrix, which encapsulated the three active ingredients. At the same time, tocopherol played an antioxidant role to prevent the active ingredients from oxidizing. After the reaction, the mixture was transferred to a vacuum drying oven and dried at a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa and a temperature of 40°C for 12h to remove excess moisture. The mixture was crushed to a particle size between 10um and 20um using an ultrafine grinder to obtain a uniform and fine powdered functional formula A. The crushed functional formula A was quickly put into an aluminum foil bag, and a vacuum packaging machine was used to evacuate and seal it.

6. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the material selection and preparation method of functional formula B are as follows: The cleaned and dried Cistanche deserticola was selected, crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and an enzyme-assisted water extraction method was used. 0.5% of cellulase was added, and the enzyme was hydrolyzed at 50°C and a pH value of 5.0 for 2 hours. After the enzymatic hydrolysis was completed, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and the water was extracted for 3 hours. The filtrate was filtered using a filtration device to obtain a clear filtrate. The clear filtrate was transferred to a concentration device and concentrated at a temperature of 60°C-70°C. -0.08MPa, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Cistanche extract, which was stored for later use. For the preparation of zinc-methionine chelate, zinc sulfate and methionine were added to a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.0-7.5 in a molar ratio of 1:2, and the reaction was stirred at 60°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the generated zinc-methionine chelate was separated from the reaction system by filtration, and washed with deionized water for 2-3 times. After washing, it was dried at 50°C-60°C to constant weight to obtain zinc-methionine chelate.

7. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 4, the prepared Cistanche extract is dissolved in an ethanol solution, the ethanol volume fraction is 60%, and the prepared zinc-methionine chelate and L-arginine with a purity of 99% are added in sequence under stirring conditions, and stirred at a temperature of 30° C. and a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 hours. After mixing evenly, a mixed solution is obtained, cyclodextrin is added thereto and the temperature is raised to 50° C., and stirring is continued for 5 hours. The amount of cyclodextrin added is 0.4 kg per kilogram of the mixed solution. After the stirring is completed, a mixed solution is obtained, and the mixed solution is converted into The product was transferred to a rotary evaporator and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C and -0.08 MPa to remove the ethanol solvent. The concentrated product was transferred to a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -50°C and -0.1 MPa for 24 hours to obtain a dispersed solid product. The freeze-dried product was crushed to a particle size of 20um-30um using a grinder, and anhydrous silica gel was added according to 10% of the total mass of the solid product. After stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, the anhydrous silica gel was evenly dispersed in the powder to obtain functional formula B.

8. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 4, the functional formula A and the functional formula B are sequentially added to the crude mixed feed for mixing, the addition amount of the functional formula A is 5 kg per ton of the crude mixed feed, the functional formula A is added to the horizontal mixer and maintained at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, stirred until the functional formula A is dispersed in the crude mixed feed, and then the functional formula B is added, the addition amount of the functional formula B is 4 kg per ton of the crude mixed feed, after the functional formula B is slowly added to the mixer, it is added at a stirring speed of 200 r / min, after the addition is completed, the stirring speed is increased to 220 r / min, and the stirring is continued until the functional formula B is completely dispersed in the crude mixed feed mixed with the functional formula A, after fully stirring and mixing, the food-grade thickener is added to the horizontal mixer, and the stirring is carried out at a stirring speed of 150 r / min during the addition process. When the viscosity reaches 200 cps-300 cps, the addition of the food-grade thickener is stopped, and stirring is continued for 5 minutes to obtain a finished mixed feed.

9. A functional feed formula for improving donkey endurance and reproductive performance according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step 5, the finished mixed feed is slowly conveyed to the feed port of the twin-screw extruder. The finished mixed feed is extruded through a specific die under the rotation of the screw to form a strip feed with a diameter of 5mm-7mm. The extruded strip feed is conveyed to an air-cooled conveyor belt. When the strip feed is cooled to 40°C, it is dried. The drying temperature is set to 50°C, the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, and the drying time is continued for 8h-10h. When the moisture content of the feed is reduced to 10%-12%, the drying is stopped. A coating solution made of beeswax, lecithin and vegetable oil in a ratio of 2:1:3 is prepared. The beeswax is first heated to 70°C-80°C to melt it completely, and then lecithin and vegetable oil are added in sequence. The feed is dried at 60°C at 200r / mi n for 1h, and all ingredients are fully mixed to form coating liquid. The dried strip feed is sent into the fluidized bed coating machine, and the equipment is started. The feed particles are evenly tumbled in a fluidized state, and the coating liquid is evenly sprayed on the surface of the feed particles in the form of mist using a nozzle. The pressure of the nozzle is controlled at 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. During the spraying process, the surface of the feed particles is in contact with hot air and maintained at 35℃-40℃. The coating process lasts for 30min-40min. After the coating is completed, the feed is subjected to a comprehensive quality inspection. The inspection items include appearance, particle size distribution, moisture content, nutrient content and coating integrity. The qualified feed is packed into moisture-proof and anti-oxidation packaging bags by an automatic packaging machine.

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