Functional gel feed for purple sea urchins and preparation method of functional gel feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins and a preparation method of the functional gel feed. Wherein the mass fraction of the 5-HT in the functional gel feed is 0.05%-0.05%, and the energy of the functional gel feed is 1800-2000 kcal / kg; after the functional gel feed is used for feeding the purple sea urchins for 20-40 days, the egg yolk protein content of the purple sea urchins is 400-497 mg / g; and the gonad index is 9-13%. On one hand, the functional gel feed disclosed by the invention is balanced in nutrition, rich in various nutrient substances required by the growth of the purple sea urchins, capable of meeting the growth and development requirements of the purple sea urchins, high in feed digestibility and capable of reducing excrement discharge and reducing pollution of breeding to the environment; and on the other hand, the feed is gel-shaped, is good in palatability and is easy to eat by the purple sea urchins. In addition, the functional gel feed is good in stability in water and not prone to loss, and the utilization rate of the feed can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed, in particular to a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Purple sea urchin is an important marine economic organism with high value in aquaculture. At present, the cultivation of purple sea urchin mainly relies on natural bait, but on the one hand, natural bait has problems such as unstable supply and unbalanced nutrients. Moreover, one of the most commonly used methods in the prior art is to purchase natural kelp from Changdao and Daqin Island in Shandong. For areas far away, it is not only inconvenient to purchase, but also costly. On the other hand, artificial feed in the prior art also has the disadvantages of poor palatability and low digestibility, which is not conducive to the growth and development of purple sea urchin. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins with balanced nutrition, good palatability and high digestibility, so as to meet the needs of purple sea urchin breeding.

[0004] The invention provides an application of 5-HT in improving the yolk protein content and gonad index of purple sea urchin.

[0005] Furthermore, the application is to prepare a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins by adding 5-HT, the mass fraction of 5-HT in the functional gel feed is 0.05-0.5‰, and the energy of the functional gel feed is 1800-2000 kcal / kg; the crude protein mass fraction in the functional gel feed is 40-45%, the crude fat mass fraction is 7-10%, the crude fiber mass fraction is 4-6%, the water mass fraction is 40-45%, and the balance is others, and the others include vitamins and minerals; After the purple sea urchin is fed with the functional gel feed for 20-40 days, the yolk protein content of the purple sea urchin is 400-497 mg / g, and the gonad index is 9-13%.

[0006] The 5-HT is 5-hydroxytryptamine, an indole derivative, with a chemical formula of C 10 H 12 N2O has a molecular weight of 176.22. The definition of crude protein is the nitrogen content of the feed sample multiplied by a factor of 6.25. Most proteins generally contain 16% nitrogen, and this factor is derived from this. Therefore, the percentage of nitrogen in the feed can be multiplied by 100÷16, or 6.25, to calculate the crude protein content.

[0007] Although serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the human body, it is also called serotonin. However, in sea urchins, serotonin can promote the maturation of gonads and the increase of yolk protein content. Serotonin and its receptors can regulate follicular development, oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Serotonin activates multiple signaling pathways through interaction with its receptor family, thereby participating in a wide range of physiological activities. In sea urchins, serotonin may affect the synthesis and accumulation of yolk protein by affecting the maturation process of oocytes. In addition, in the cultivation process of purple sea urchins, the functional gel feed containing 0.05-0.5‰ 5-HT and 40-45% crude protein of the present invention can ensure that the yolk protein content is sufficient and the hormones in the purple sea urchins are not excessive, thereby ensuring that the purple sea urchins are both nutritious and safe as food. If the 5-HT content in the functional gel feed is too low, the purpose of breeding and fattening purple sea urchins cannot be achieved, and on the contrary, if the content is too high, it will have adverse effects on the human body as food.

[0008] The functional gel feed is nutritionally balanced, and in particular, it is necessary to ensure an appropriate amount of crude protein. If the mass fraction of crude protein is lower than 40, the protein source for sea urchin gonad growth and yolk protein synthesis cannot be guaranteed, which is not conducive to the purpose of breeding and fattening; on the contrary, if the mass fraction of crude protein is higher than 45%, most of the excess protein will enter the environment in the form of feces, which does not meet the comprehensive goals of environmental and economic benefits.

[0009] The present invention also provides a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins, wherein the functional gel feed is the functional gel feed described above; The functional gel feed comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of a protein source, 30-40 parts of a carbohydrate source, 20-30 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of a mineral mixture source, 0.05-0.1 parts of 5-HT, and 6-10 parts of a gel forming agent; The protein source is a combination of fish meal and soybean; the carbohydrate source is corn starch; and the gel forming agent includes gelatin or sodium alginate.

[0010] Furthermore, the weight ratio of corn starch, soybeans and carrots in the functional gel feed of the present invention is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (1-1.5).

[0011] Furthermore, the soybean and carrot in the functional gel feed of the present invention have a crushed particle size of 20-200 microns.

[0012] Furthermore, the weight ratio of gelatin to water in the gel forming agent of the functional gel feed of the present invention is 1: (3-5); or the weight ratio of sodium alginate to water in the gel forming agent is 1: (75-100).

[0013] Furthermore, the mineral mixture source of the functional gel feed of the present invention is composed of monocalcium phosphate and multivitamin, and the weight ratio of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc in the mineral mixture source is (1-1.2): (0.8-1): (0.5-0.6): (0.02-0.05): (0.01-0.03), and the mineral mixture source includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.

[0014] Furthermore, in the protein source of the functional gel feed of the present invention, the weight ratio of fish meal to soybean is (1.5-2): (1-1.2).

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin based on any one of the above items, and the specific steps are as follows: S1: Material selection: prepare protein source, carbohydrate source, carrot and mineral mixture source in proportion; S2: Processing of feed: firstly, corn starch is mixed with crushed soybeans and carrots to obtain a first mixture, then the first mixture is mixed with fish meal in a mass ratio of 10:(1-4) to obtain a second mixture, then 5-HT is added to the second mixture, and finally a gel forming agent is added and stirred to obtain the functional gel feed; S3: shaping the food: pouring the functional gel feed obtained in S2 into a mold, re-molding after solidification, and cutting and pressing the re-molded functional gel feed into pieces; S4: Storage of food: Place the formed functional gel feed obtained in S3 in a storage container and store it in a freezer at -22~-18℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the stirring speed in step S2 of the preparation method of the present invention is 80-100 rpm / min.

[0017] Furthermore, the solidification environment in step S3 of the preparation method of the present invention is 2-5° C. for solidification for 300-360 min, and -18~-22° C. for solidification for 50-60 min.

[0018] The functional gel feed of purple sea urchin described in the present invention is nutritionally balanced, and the energy of the functional gel feed is 1800-2000 kcal / kg; the crude protein mass fraction of the functional gel feed is 40-45%, the crude fat mass fraction is 7-10%, the crude fiber mass fraction is 4-6%, the water mass fraction is 40-45%, and the balance is others, and the others include vitamins and minerals. The functional gel feed is rich in various nutrients required for the growth of purple sea urchins and can meet the growth and development needs of purple sea urchins. After feeding purple sea urchins with the functional gel feed of the present invention for 20-40 days, the net weight increase of purple sea urchins is greater than or equal to 2.58 g, and the diameter increase is greater than 20%. And after feeding purple sea urchins with the functional gel feed for 20-40 days, the yolk protein content of purple sea urchins is 400-497 mg / g; and the gonad index is 9-13%. The functional gel feed is in a gel state, and the purple sea urchins completely eat the functional gel feed within 24 hours when fed at a feeding amount of 1.5-2 g / each per day, and the functional gel feed can remain in a gel state before being eaten, has good palatability, is easy for the purple sea urchins to ingest, has good stability in water, is not easy to dissipate, and can improve the utilization rate of the feed. In addition, the functional gel feed has a digestibility of greater than 85%, can reduce fecal discharge, and reduce the pollution of aquaculture to the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a sample picture of the functional gel feed for purple sea urchins described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If the specific conditions are not specified in the specific implementation method, they shall be carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions provided by the manufacturer.

[0021] When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. The terms used in the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Specific implementation method one:

[0024] Application of 5-HT in increasing the yolk protein content and gonad index of purple sea urchin.

[0025] In other embodiments, the application is to prepare a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins by adding 5-HT, the mass fraction of 5-HT in the functional gel feed is 0.05-0.5‰, and the energy of the functional gel feed is 1800-2000 kcal / kg; the crude protein mass fraction in the functional gel feed is 40-45%, the crude fat mass fraction is 7-10%, the crude fiber mass fraction is 4-6%, the water mass fraction is 40-45%, and the balance is others, and the others include vitamins and minerals; As shown in Table 1, after the purple sea urchins were fed with the functional gel feed for 20-40 days, the yolk protein content of the purple sea urchins was 400-497 mg / g; and the gonad index was 9-13%. Specific implementation method 2:

[0027] A functional gel feed of purple sea urchin, wherein the functional gel feed is the functional gel feed of one of the above specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown; The functional gel feed comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of a protein source, 30-40 parts of a carbohydrate source, 20-30 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of a mineral mixture source, 0.05-0.1 parts of 5-HT, and 6-10 parts of a gel forming agent; The protein source is a combination of fish meal and soybean; the carbohydrate source is corn starch; and the gel forming agent includes gelatin or sodium alginate.

[0028] In other embodiments, the weight ratio of corn starch, soybeans, and carrots in the functional gel feed is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (1-1.5).

[0029] In other embodiments, the soybeans and carrots in the functional gel feed have a particle size of 20-200 microns.

[0030] In other embodiments, the weight ratio of gelatin to water in the gel forming agent is 1:(3-5); or the weight ratio of sodium alginate to water in the gel forming agent is 1:(75-100).

[0031] In other embodiments, the mineral mixture source is composed of monocalcium phosphate and multivitamin, and the weight ratio of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc in the mineral mixture source is (1-1.2): (0.8-1): (0.5-0.6): (0.02-0.05): (0.01-0.03), and the mineral mixture source includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.

[0032] In other embodiments, in the protein source, the weight ratio of fish meal to soybean is (1.5-2): (1-1.2).

[0033] In other embodiments, the functional gel feed further comprises an antioxidant and a preservative, and the total mass fraction of the antioxidant and the preservative is 0.1%, so as to prolong the storage time of the food.

[0034] In other embodiments, the functional gel feed further comprises an attractant. Specific implementation method three:

[0036] A method for preparing a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin based on any of the above embodiments, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Material selection: prepare protein source, carbohydrate source, carrot and mineral mixture source in proportion; S2: Processing of feed: firstly, corn starch is mixed with crushed soybeans and carrots to obtain a first mixture, then the first mixture is mixed with fish meal in a mass ratio of 10:(1-4) to obtain a second mixture, then 5-HT is added to the second mixture, and finally a gel forming agent is added and stirred to obtain the functional gel feed; S3: shaping the food: pouring the functional gel feed obtained in S2 into a mold, re-molding after solidification, and cutting and pressing the re-molded functional gel feed into pieces; S4: Storage of food: Place the formed functional gel feed obtained in S3 in a storage container and store it in a freezer at -22~-18℃.

[0037] In other embodiments, the stirring speed in step S2 of the preparation method is 80-100 rpm / min.

[0038] In other embodiments, the solidification environment in step S3 of the preparation method is 2-5°C for 300-360 min, or -22~-18°C for 50-60 min.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] The method for preparing a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin according to the present invention comprises the following steps: S1: Material selection: prepare protein source, carbohydrate source, carrot, and mineral mixture source in proportion; in terms of weight, it comprises the following components: 40 parts of protein source, 30 parts of carbohydrate source, 20 parts of carrot, 3 parts of mineral mixture source, 0.05 parts of 5-HT, and 6.9 parts of gel former; the mineral mixture source is composed of monocalcium phosphate and multivitamin, wherein the weight ratio of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and zinc is 1:1:0.5:0.02:0.01; the mineral mixture source includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

[0041] In the protein source, the weight ratio of fish meal and soybean is 1.5-2:1-1.2; the carbohydrate source is corn starch; in this embodiment 1, the gel former includes gelatin, and the weight ratio of gelatin to water in the gel former is 1:3; the weight ratio of corn starch, soybean and carrot is 1.5:1:1.

[0042] S2: Processing of food: corn starch is first mixed with crushed soybeans and carrots to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is then mixed with fish meal in a mass ratio of 10:(1-4) to obtain a second mixture, and 5-HT is then added to the second mixture, and finally a gel former is added and stirred to obtain the functional gel feed; in this embodiment 1, the crushed particle size of the soybeans and carrots is 200 μm, and the stirring speed is 90 rpm / min.

[0043] S3: shaping of food: pour the functional gel feed obtained in S2 into a mold, and after solidification, turn the mold into a mold, cut the molded functional gel feed into pieces and roll them into shape. In this embodiment 1, the solidification environment is 4°C for 360 min and -20°C for 50 min, and the final shape is 1×1 cm 2 Small square pieces, 0.1 cm thick.

[0044] S4: Food storage: The formed functional gel feed obtained in S3 is placed in a storage container and stored in a freezer at -20°C.

[0045] The functional gel feed in this Example 1 is sample 1#, the mass fraction of 5-HT in the sample 1# is 0.5‰, and the mass fraction of crude protein in the functional gel feed is 40%.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 2#, and the mass fraction of 5-HT in sample 2# is 0.05‰.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] The only difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 3#, and the crude protein quality fraction in sample 3# is 42%.

[0050] Embodiment 4:

[0051] The only difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 4#, and the crude protein quality fraction in sample 4# is 45%.

[0052] Embodiment 5:

[0053] The only difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 5#, the gel former in sample 5# includes sodium alginate, and the weight ratio of sodium alginate to water in the gel former is 1:100.

[0054] Comparative Example 1: The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample #6, which does not contain 5-HT.

[0055] Comparative Example 2: The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample #7, and the mass fraction of 5-HT in the sample #7 is 0.01‰.

[0056] Comparative Example 3: The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample #8, and the mass fraction of 5-HT in sample #8 is 1‰.

[0057] Comparative Example 4: The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 9#, and the mass fraction of 5-HT in sample 9# is 2‰.

[0058] Comparative Example 5: The difference between this comparative example 5 and example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample 10#, and the crude protein quality fraction in the sample 10# is 30%.

[0059] Comparative Example 6: The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that the functional gel feed is sample #11, and the crude protein quality fraction in sample #11 is 65%.

[0060] Embodiment 6:

[0061] Purple sea urchins were cultured using the functional gel feeds in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6, respectively. The specific culture environment was natural seawater with a dissolved oxygen content of 5.45-5.6 g / L, a temperature of 22-25°C, a salinity of 28-33 ppt, and a pH of 8.3-8.4.

[0062] Purple sea urchin samples with a body weight of 60-80 g, a diameter of 2.2-2.3 cm, and a gonad index of 3-5% were selected. Before the culture process of Example 6, the selected purple sea urchin samples were not fed with functional gel feed, but only fed with natural kelp.

[0063] The selected purple sea urchin samples were starved for 7 days, and then fed once a day at a feeding rate of 1.5-2 g / each for 20-40 days. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 The results of cultivating purple sea urchins using the functional gel feeds in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0065] The specific measurement method of yolk protein content is as follows: Sample preparation: Take a certain amount of egg yolk sample and add concentrated sulfuric acid to digest it at high temperature to decompose it into ammonia (NH3); Distillation of ammonia: The generated ammonia gas is absorbed into excess standard acid solution by distillation; Titration: The ammonia content in the absorption liquid is determined by titration, and the protein content is calculated.

[0066] The calculation method of gonad index GSI is: GSI=gonad / body weight.

[0067] Feed digestibility = (food - feces) / food.

[0068] By observing the purple sea urchins eating the functional gel feed during the feeding period, it can be seen that the purple sea urchins completely eat the functional gel feed in Examples 1-5 at a feeding amount of 1.5-2 g / each per day within 24 hours, and the functional gel feed can remain in a gel state before being eaten, indicating that the functional gel feed has good palatability, is easy for the purple sea urchins to ingest, and has good stability in water and is not easy to dissipate.

[0069] The growth of purple sea urchins was observed during and after feeding, and it was found that the weight, diameter, swing amplitude of spines, and tube foot activity of purple sea urchins were all in good condition.

[0070] Embodiment 7:

[0071] Purple sea urchins are cultured on a large scale in a farm. The farm includes 4 pools, each pool includes 12-15 nets, each net has a volume of 1-1.2 m³, and the number of purple sea urchins on each net is 150-200. Using the same culture environment and feeding method as in the embodiment, it is found that the functional gel feed of the present invention can fully meet the growth and development needs of purple sea urchins, and has good palatability and stability, and the purple sea urchin has a high digestibility of the functional gel feed.

[0072] The purple sea urchins completely eat the functional gel feed within 24 hours when fed with 1.5-2 g / each daily, and the functional gel feed can remain in a gel state before being eaten, has good palatability, is easy for the purple sea urchins to ingest, has good stability in water, is not easy to be lost, and can improve the utilization rate of the feed. After the purple sea urchins are fed with the functional gel feed of the present invention for 20-40 days, the net weight increase of the purple sea urchins is greater than or equal to 2.58 g, the diameter increase is greater than 20%, and the digestibility of the functional gel feed is greater than 82%.

[0073] The present invention is described by the above specific embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and equivalent substitutions may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. The parts not described in detail in the present specification are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, various modifications may be made to the present invention for specific situations or specific circumstances without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, but should include all embodiments falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Application of 1.5-HT in increasing the yolk protein content and gonad index of purple sea urchin.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application is to prepare a functional gel feed for purple sea urchins by adding 5-HT, wherein the mass fraction of 5-HT in the functional gel feed is 0.05-0.5‰, and the energy of the functional gel feed is 1800-2000 kcal / kg; the crude protein mass fraction in the functional gel feed is 40-45%, the crude fat mass fraction is 7-10%, the crude fiber mass fraction is 4-6%, the water mass fraction is 40-45%, and the balance is others, wherein the others include vitamins and minerals; After the purple sea urchin is fed with the functional gel feed for 20-40 days, the yolk protein content of the purple sea urchin is 400-497 mg / g, and the gonad index is 9-13%.

3. A functional gel feed for purple sea urchin, characterized in that: The functional gel feed is the functional gel feed described in claim 2; The functional gel feed comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of a protein source, 30-40 parts of a carbohydrate source, 20-30 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of a mineral mixture source, 0.05-0.1 parts of 5-HT, and 6-10 parts of a gel forming agent; The protein source is a combination of fish meal and soybean; the carbohydrate source is corn starch; and the gel forming agent includes gelatin or sodium alginate.

4. The functional gel feed for purple sea urchin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the corn starch, soybeans and carrots is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (1-1.5).

5. The functional gel feed for purple sea urchin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soybean and carrot have a crushed particle size of 20-200 μm.

6. The functional gel feed for purple sea urchin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight ratio of gelatin to water in the gel forming agent is 1:(3-5); or the weight ratio of sodium alginate to water in the gel forming agent is 1:(75-100).

7. The functional gel feed for purple sea urchin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mineral mixture source is composed of monocalcium phosphate and multivitamin. The weight ratio of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc in the mineral mixture source is (1-1.2): (0.8-1): (0.5-0.6): (0.02-0.05): (0.01-0.03). The mineral mixture source includes vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.

8. The functional gel feed for purple sea urchin according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the protein source, the weight ratio of fish meal to soybean is (1.5-2): (1-1.2).

9. A method for preparing a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin based on any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation steps are as follows: S1: Material selection: prepare protein source, carbohydrate source, carrot and mineral mixture source in proportion; S2: Processing of feed: firstly, corn starch is mixed with crushed soybeans and carrots to obtain a first mixture, then the first mixture is mixed with fish meal in a mass ratio of 10:(1-4) to obtain a second mixture, then 5-HT is added to the second mixture, and finally a gel forming agent is added and stirred to obtain the functional gel feed; S3: shaping the food: pouring the functional gel feed obtained in S2 into a mold, re-molding after solidification, and cutting and pressing the re-molded functional gel feed into pieces; S4: Storage of food: Place the formed functional gel feed obtained in S3 in a storage container and store it in a freezer at -22~-18℃.

10. The method for preparing a functional gel feed of purple sea urchin according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stirring speed in step S2 is 80-100 rpm / min; the solidification environment in step S3 is 2-5°C for solidification for 300-360 min, and -22~-18°C for solidification for 50-60 min.

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