Super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect. The method first loads a photothermal preparation on the surface of the fabric to impart photothermal properties, and then introduces a composite coating formed by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and a silane coupling agent with an alkane chain to reduce the surface energy of the material and construct a micro-nanoscale rough structure, thereby preparing an antibacterial fabric with excellent photothermal and super-hydrophobic properties. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared by the invention has a fabric surface water contact angle of 158° and a surface temperature of 120°C under near-infrared light irradiation, showing excellent photothermal cycle stability and super-hydrophobic high temperature resistance. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric has an antibacterial rate of over 99.0% under the synergistic effect of passive super-hydrophobic antibacterial adhesion and active photothermal sterilization, and has a wide antibacterial range and a long antibacterial life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabrics, and in particular to a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Health protection textiles, such as respiratory masks, protective clothing, and medical textiles, have made significant contributions to preventing viral transmission, reducing cross-infection, and improving surgical success rates. However, most textiles are hydrophilic, making it easy for bacteria to grow and multiply on their surfaces. The resulting biofilms pose a serious threat to personal and public health. Therefore, research into the antimicrobial properties of textiles has become increasingly urgent.

[0003] Currently, antimicrobial strategies for textiles primarily involve the construction of superhydrophobic surfaces and the introduction of bactericidal materials. Superhydrophobic surfaces utilize their micro-nano roughness and extremely low surface energy to trap air in water, effectively reducing the adhesion between bacteria and the surface, thereby reducing the likelihood of biofilm formation. Bactericidal materials, on the other hand, exert their active bactericidal properties by contacting bacteria or releasing bactericides, inactivating bacteria attached to the surface or floating in the surrounding environment.

[0004] However, antimicrobial fabrics prepared using both of these antimicrobial strategies have drawbacks. Structural defects on superhydrophobic surfaces and their interactions with microorganisms make it difficult for the trapped air layer to remain stable for extended periods, allowing a small number of bacteria to break through the physical barrier and attach to the surface. Meanwhile, bactericidal materials, coated with dead bacteria, significantly reduce their bactericidal efficiency and lifespan. Therefore, combining superhydrophobic and bactericidal properties in textiles is of great significance.

[0005] To achieve long-term, efficient antibacterial effects, Chinese invention patent publication number CN116219763B discloses a method for preparing a hydrophobic antibacterial modifier containing a (poly)dopamine structure by reacting a natural organic antibacterial agent, a phenolic ketone compound, with dopamine under acidic conditions. This modifier is then reacted with cellulose fabric under aerobic alkaline conditions to produce a super-hydrophobic cellulose fabric with an inhibition rate greater than 99.0%. Furthermore, Chinese invention patent publication number CN115928441B discloses a method for forming a hydrophobic cotton fabric with a contact angle greater than 135° and an antibacterial rate of up to 100% by utilizing the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine, the Schiff base reaction of hexadecylamine and polydopamine, and the loading of the antibacterial agent triclosan. However, all of the above materials contain organic antibacterial agents, which, while effective and fast in killing bacteria, can easily induce bacterial resistance and have poor heat resistance and stability.

[0006] In addition, the superhydrophobic properties of the above materials still need to be improved. Studies have found that the self-cleaning effect of superhydrophobic surfaces can be used to remove attached dead bacteria and reduce their adhesion on the surface of antibacterial materials, which plays a key role in extending the service life of antibacterial materials. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the problems existing in the existing technology, such as low antibacterial efficiency of passive superhydrophobic antibacterial adhesion materials and short antibacterial life of active bactericidal materials, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing superhydrophobic antibacterial fabrics with photothermal effect. The process is simple, and the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabrics have excellent photothermal cycle stability and superhydrophobic high temperature resistance, and can maintain high antibacterial efficiency for a long time and are highly safe.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1, treating the front and back surfaces of the fabric with oxygen plasma, then immersing the fabric in a photothermal preparation aqueous dispersion having a volume concentration of 3 to 10 mg / mL for 1 to 3 minutes, then drying the fabric in an oven at 60 to 100° C., and repeating the immersion and drying processes 2 to 5 times to obtain a photothermal fabric;

[0010] Step S2, adding a mixture of 0.5 to 2 parts of aqueous ammonia and 2 to 6 parts of water to 95 parts of ethanol by volume, mixing uniformly, then adding 0.5 to 3 g of a silane coupling agent with an alkane chain, stirring at a temperature of 25 to 60° C. for 4 to 12 hours to obtain a hydrolyzed solution, then adding 0.075 to 0.9 g of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles to the hydrolyzed solution, and ultrasonically treating the solution for 5 to 15 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed and stable modified dispersion;

[0011] Step S3, placing the photothermal fabric treated in step S1 into the modified dispersion prepared in step S2, stirring at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes, taking out the photothermal fabric and placing it in an oven at 80 to 120°C for curing for 0.5 to 4 hours to obtain a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect, wherein the surface of the fabric base of the super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric is attached with a silane coupling agent / hydrophobic silica nanoparticle composite coating, wherein the hydrolyzed silane coupling agent with an alkane chain partially undergoes self-degradation under high temperature conditions of 80 to 120°C. Condensation occurs partially with the hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of the photothermal agent, and partially with the hydroxyl groups between the fibers through electrostatic or hydrogen bonding, so that the silane coupling agent / hydrophobic silica nanoparticle composite coating, the fabric base of the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric and the photothermal agent layer all have good adhesion, and the photothermal agent and hydrophobic nano-silica in the photothermal agent aqueous dispersion are densely accumulated on the fiber surface of the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric, forming an undulating porous structure formed by a large number of nano-papillae, constructing a uniform micro-nano rough structure.

[0012] The present invention loads the photothermal agent onto the fabric surface through repeated soaking and drying. Then, under alkaline conditions, a mixed solution of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and a silane coupling agent with an alkane chain is applied to the fabric. After thermal crosslinking, a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect is produced. The photothermal agent and hydrophobic nano-silica synergistically construct a uniform micro-nano rough structure on the fabric surface. At the same time, the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain undergoes a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of the photothermal agent after hydrolysis under alkaline conditions and is grafted onto the surface of the photothermal agent layer, thereby imparting low surface energy to the fabric. The rough morphology, combined with the unique chemical structure, achieves superhydrophobicity on the fabric surface. In addition, the introduction of the photothermal agent gives the fabric excellent photothermal conversion performance. Under the passive antibacterial adhesion of the superhydrophobic surface and the active bactericidal effect of the photothermal agent, the fabric exhibits excellent antibacterial efficiency against a variety of bacteria. The self-cleaning effect of the superhydrophobic surface can remove attached dead bacteria to reduce adhesion and extend the service life of the antibacterial material. The preparation process provided by the present invention is simple and low-cost, and the prepared photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric has excellent stability, a wide antibacterial range, high safety and no drug resistance.

[0013] In a further technical solution, in step S1, hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions are formed between the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the photothermal preparation and the fabric fibers, and the fiber surface of the fabric becomes rough after immersion treatment, thereby improving the physical adhesion between the photothermal preparation and the fiber surface of the fabric, and at the same time giving the fabric photothermal properties.

[0014] In a further technical solution, in step S1, the photothermal agent aqueous dispersion is a solution obtained by putting the photothermal agent into water and uniformly dispersing it through ultrasonic dispersion treatment. The photothermal agent is selected from any one of MXene, carboxylated carbon tubes, and carboxylated carbon black.

[0015] In a further technical solution, in step S1, the material of the fabric is any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyurethane and cellulose; the type of the fabric is meltblown fabric, non-woven fabric or woven fabric.

[0016] In a further technical solution, in step S2, the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in ethanol under the promotion of the ammonia water and the water, and the obtained hydrolysis reactant has good compatibility with the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. After the ultrasonic treatment, the hydrolysis reactant and the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the solution and maintain a stable modified dispersion.

[0017] In a further technical solution, in step S2, the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain is selected from at least one of dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane and octadecyltriethoxysilane.

[0018] In a further technical solution, in step S2, the mass concentration of the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain in the solvent consisting of ethanol, ammonia water and water is 5 to 30 mg / mL.

[0019] In a further technical solution, in step S2, the particle size of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles is 20 to 80 nm; and the mass ratio of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles to the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain is 15 to 30 wt%.

[0020] A super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect combines passive super-hydrophobic antibacterial adhesion and active photothermal sterilization in antibacterial applications. The antibacterial rate is as high as over 99.0%, and the antibacterial range is wide and the antibacterial life is long.

[0021] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0022] 1. The present invention has a simple process, is suitable for mass production, and has low overall production costs. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric has excellent photothermal cycle stability and super-hydrophobic high temperature resistance, and can maintain high antibacterial efficiency for a long time, with high safety. The raw material cost required for implementing the preparation method of the present invention is low, and the super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric of the present invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and high safety, showing great value in medical protective materials.

[0023] 2. The present invention constructs a fabric with excellent superhydrophobicity through the binary synergistic effect of a porous rough structure formed by densely stacked nanopipple structures constructed by a photothermal agent and hydrophobic nano-silica, as well as a low-surface-energy silane coupling agent. At the same time, a dehydration condensation reaction occurs between the photothermal agent and the silane coupling agent to form a chemically cross-linked structure. Furthermore, the present invention introduces a photothermal agent layer to rapidly heat the fabric under sunlight or near-infrared light, with the surface temperature reaching 120°C. Due to this structural stability, the fabric exhibits excellent photothermal cycle stability. That is, the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric of the present invention can maintain superhydrophobicity for a long time at a high temperature of 120°C, effectively improving the heat resistance and antibacterial life of the fabric.

[0024] 3. The present invention first loads a photothermal agent on the surface of the fabric to impart photothermal properties, and then introduces a composite coating formed by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and a silane coupling agent with an alkane chain to reduce the surface energy of the material and construct a micro-nanoscale rough structure to prepare an antibacterial fabric with excellent photothermal and superhydrophobic properties; the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared by the present invention has a water contact angle on the fabric surface of 158°, and a surface temperature of 120°C under near-infrared light irradiation, showing excellent photothermal cycle stability and superhydrophobic high temperature resistance. The antibacterial rate of the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric exceeds 99.0% under the synergistic effect of passive superhydrophobic antibacterial adhesion and active photothermal sterilization.

[0025] 4. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric of the present invention is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric of the present invention realizes the integrated application of super-hydrophobic antibacterial and photothermal sterilization, and exhibits excellent antibacterial effect. On the one hand, the super-hydrophobicity of the fabric greatly reduces the adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the material. On the other hand, the photothermal preparation layer quickly kills a small amount of bacteria attached to the surface of the material under light conditions, achieving double protection. The fabric has high antibacterial efficiency, a wide antibacterial range, a long antibacterial life, and is safe, reliable and has no drug resistance. In antibacterial applications, the photothermal super-hydrophobic fabric can combine passive super-hydrophobic antibacterial adhesion and active photothermal sterilization, with an antibacterial rate of more than 99.0%, a wide antibacterial range, and a long antibacterial life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Scanning electron microscope images of the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect prepared in Example 1 (magnifications: 700 times, 5000 times, and 50,000 times).

[0027] Figure 2 The surface temperature of the super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect prepared in Example 1 changes with the near-infrared light irradiation time.

[0028] Figure 3 The resistance of the original fabric and the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect prepared in Example 1 to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus before and after near-infrared light irradiation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1

[0030] First, the front and back of the cotton fabric were treated with oxygen plasma for 1 minute respectively, and then immersed in a 4 mg / mL MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion for 2 minutes, taken out and dried in a 60°C oven, and the soaking-drying process was repeated 4 times; then, a mixture of 1 mL of ammonia water and 4 mL of water was added to 95 mL of ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 2 g of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was added. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 12 hours, and then 0.4 g of hydrophobic nano-silica with a particle size distribution of 20 to 40 nm was added to the solution. After ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 5 minutes, a uniformly dispersed modified dispersion was obtained; finally, the photothermal fabric loaded with MXene nanosheets was placed in the modified dispersion prepared above, stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, taken out and placed in an oven at 100°C for curing for 1 hour to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron micrograph of the photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared in Example 1. It can be seen that the hydrophobic nano-silica particles are evenly coated on the fabric surface, accumulating to form a large number of nano-papillae. These, together with the fabric fibers, create a micro-nano rough structure, achieving superhydrophobic properties with a surface contact angle of 152°. Furthermore, due to the stable cross-linking structure formed between hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and MXene nanosheets, the fabric exhibits excellent heat resistance. After treatment at 120°C for 72 hours, it still maintains superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 150°.

[0032] Figure 2 The surface temperature of the photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared in Example 1 changes with near-infrared light irradiation time. The fabric rapidly heats up within 1 minute of irradiation, reaching 110°C after 1 minute. It then slowly increases, reaching 114°C after 5 minutes. This demonstrates that MXene nanosheets effectively absorb and capture near-infrared light, converting it into heat, which is rapidly transferred to the fabric through the high thermal conductivity of MXene.

[0033] Figure 3The photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared in Example 1 demonstrates its effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus before and after near-infrared light irradiation. It can be seen that bacterial colonies cultured on the original fabric substrate were densely distributed on the agar plate. However, the photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared in this example, due to its special wettability, made it difficult for bacteria to adhere to the sample surface, significantly reducing the bacterial content on the agar plate. However, due to the inevitable damage to the rough structure of the superhydrophobic surface during storage, some bacterial colonies still remained on the fabric surface. Furthermore, after irradiating the photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with near-infrared light for 10 minutes, the MXene layer rapidly absorbed heat and heated up, inactivating the surface bacteria. Furthermore, the anti-adhesion effect of the superhydrophobic surface caused the attached dead bacteria to detach, resulting in no bacterial colonies growing on the agar plate. The antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 100%.

[0034] The test results of the fabric's hydrophobicity, high temperature stability, and light-to-heat conversion performance are shown in Table 1, and the test results of the fabric's antibacterial performance are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] First, the front and back of the polypropylene meltblown cloth were treated with oxygen plasma for 1 minute respectively, and then immersed in a 3 mg / mL carboxylated carbon nanotube aqueous dispersion for 1 minute. After taking it out, it was placed in an oven at 100°C and dried, and the soaking-drying process was repeated 5 times; then, a mixture of 0.5 mL of ammonia water and 6 mL of water was added to 95 mL of ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 0.5 g of dodecyltrimethoxysilane was added. The mixture was stirred at 40°C for 8 hours, and then 0.15 g of hydrophobic nano-silica with a particle size of about 80 nm was added to the solution. After ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 15 minutes, a uniformly dispersed modified dispersion was obtained; finally, the photothermal fabric loaded with carboxylated nanotubes was placed in the above-prepared modified dispersion, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, taken out and placed in an oven at 80°C for curing for 4 hours to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect.

[0037] The test results of the fabric's hydrophobicity, high temperature stability, and light-to-heat conversion performance are shown in Table 1, and the test results of the fabric's antibacterial performance are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] First, the front and back sides of the polyurethane non-woven fabric were treated with oxygen plasma for 1 minute respectively, and then immersed in a 10 mg / mL carboxylated carbon black aqueous dispersion for 3 minutes. After taking it out, it was placed in an 80°C oven for drying, and the soaking-drying process was repeated twice; then, a mixture of 2 mL of ammonia water and 2 mL of water was added to 95 mL of ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 3 g of octadecyltriethoxysilane was added. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 4 hours, and then 0.45 g of hydrophobic nano-silica with a particle size distribution of 30 to 50 nm was added to the solution. After ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 10 minutes, a uniformly dispersed modified dispersion was obtained; finally, the photothermal fabric loaded with carboxylated carbon black was placed in the above-prepared modified dispersion, stirred at room temperature for 8 minutes, taken out and placed in an oven at 120°C for curing for 0.5 hours to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect.

[0040] The test results of the fabric's hydrophobicity, high temperature stability, and light-to-heat conversion performance are shown in Table 1, and the test results of the fabric's antibacterial performance are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] First, the front and back of the polyester fabric were treated with oxygen plasma for 1 minute respectively, and then immersed in a 6 mg / mL MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion for 2 minutes. After being taken out, it was placed in an 80°C oven for drying, and the soaking-drying process was repeated 3 times; then, a mixture of 2 mL of ammonia water and 4 mL of water was added to 95 mL of ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 2.5 g of hexadecyltriethoxysilane was added. After stirring at 60°C for 6 hours, 0.6 g of hydrophobic nano-silica with a particle size distribution of 20 to 60 nm was added to the solution. After ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 10 minutes, a uniformly dispersed modified dispersion was obtained; finally, the photothermal fabric loaded with MXene nanosheets was placed in the above-prepared modified dispersion, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, taken out and placed in an oven at 90°C for curing for 2 hours to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect.

[0043] The test results of the fabric's hydrophobicity, high temperature stability, and light-to-heat conversion performance are shown in Table 1, and the test results of the fabric's antibacterial performance are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Comparative Example

[0045] In order to verify the key role of the rough structure in the photothermal superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric prepared by the present invention in achieving superhydrophobic performance, and to verify the significance of the superhydrophobic surface in improving the antibacterial efficiency, a comparison was made with a fabric prepared without adding hydrophobic silica nanoparticles.

[0046] First, the front and back of the cotton fabric were treated with oxygen plasma for 1 minute respectively, and then immersed in a 4 mg / mL MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion for 2 minutes. After being taken out, it was placed in an oven at 60°C and dried. The soaking-drying process was repeated 4 times; then, a mixture of 1 mL of ammonia water and 4 mL of water was added to 95 mL of ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 2 g of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was added, and stirred at 25°C for 12 hours; finally, the photothermal fabric loaded with MXene nanosheets was placed in the above-prepared dispersion, stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, taken out and placed in an oven at 100°C for curing for 1 hour to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect.

[0047] The test results of the hydrophobicity and photothermal conversion performance of the fabric are shown in Table 1, and the test results of the antibacterial performance of the fabric are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Performance Testing

[0049] (1) Scanning electron microscope test

[0050] The morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss Sigma 300, Germany) with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. Before testing, the fabric was fixed to the sample stage with conductive glue and sprayed with gold.

[0051] (2) Contact angle test

[0052] The contact angle of a water droplet on the coating surface was measured using a contact angle meter (SDC-200S, Dongguan Shengding Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.). The water droplet size was 5 μL, and the contact angle values ​​were averaged at five locations on the fabric surface.

[0053] (3) Photothermal conversion performance test

[0054] In order to evaluate the photothermal conversion performance of the fabric, a power of 0.5 W / cm 2 The fabric was irradiated with 808nm near-infrared light and detected using an infrared thermal imager, and the surface temperature of the fabric was recorded after 5 minutes of irradiation.

[0055] (4) Superhydrophobic high temperature stability test

[0056] In order to evaluate the high temperature stability of the fabric, the fabric was placed in a 120°C oven and heated for 72 hours, and then taken out to measure the change in contact angle.

[0057] (5) Antibacterial test

[0058] In order to study the performance of fabrics under simulated sunlight (2kW / cm 2 ) to inhibit bacterial adhesion and kill bacteria, the original fabric and photothermal superhydrophobic fabric were respectively 6CFU / mL of bacterial suspension was co-cultured for 24 hours and then washed three times with PBS buffer. Subsequently, the photothermal superhydrophobic fabric sample was divided into two equal parts, one of which was irradiated with simulated sunlight for 10 minutes. Then, the above fabric was immersed in 1mL PBS buffer and ultrasonicated for 5 minutes, and then 20μL of bacterial suspension was spread on a sterile LB agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. Finally, the optical photographs of the LB agar plate were recorded, and the number of bacterial colonies was calculated. The calculation formula for the antibacterial rate is: Antibacterial rate (%) = [(number of colonies in the control group - number of colonies in the experimental group) / number of colonies in the control group] × 100%.

[0059]

[0060] Table 1 - Test results of fabric hydrophobicity, high temperature stability and photothermal conversion performance

[0061]

[0062] Table 2 - Test results of antibacterial properties of fabrics

[0063] As shown in the performance tests of the examples in Tables 1 and 2, the superhydrophobic, antibacterial fabrics with photothermal effects produced in Examples 1-4 exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and maintain this property even after 72 hours of treatment in a high-temperature environment, effectively improving the material's resistance to bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the fabrics exhibit significant photothermal conversion properties, and this photothermal bactericidal effect, combined with the superhydrophobic surface, results in an antibacterial rate of up to 100%.

[0064] It can be seen from the performance test of the comparative example in Table 1 that the comparative example does not have superhydrophobicity compared with Example 1. Although the prepared fabric still has excellent light-to-heat conversion performance, and the surface temperature rises to 121°C due to the lack of silica loading, its antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is significantly reduced. The lack of hydrophobic nano-silica in the coating makes it difficult for the fiber to construct sufficient roughness, and the contact angle of the fabric surface is only 142°. Bacteria come into contact with the fabric and are prone to adhesion when cultivated on its surface. Even if simulated sunlight is applied to kill the surface bacteria, the small amount of inactivated bacteria attached to it will affect the bactericidal effect, resulting in a decrease in the antibacterial rate of the fabric regardless of whether there is light.

[0065] The super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect of the present invention is composed of a photothermal preparation layer, a low surface energy silane coupling agent and hydrophobic nano-silica, and has a chemically cross-linked structure, showing excellent super-hydrophobicity, heat stability, photothermal conversion and photothermal cycle stability. The super-hydrophobicity of the fabric significantly reduces the surface adhesion of bacteria, and the photothermal effect of the fabric simultaneously and rapidly kills attached bacteria, realizing the integrated application of super-hydrophobic antibacterial and photothermal sterilization, with the advantages of high antibacterial efficiency, wide antibacterial range, long antibacterial life, safety, reliability and no drug resistance.

[0066] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step S1: treating the front and back surfaces of the fabric with oxygen plasma, then immersing the fabric in a 3-10 mg / mL aqueous dispersion of a photothermal agent for 1-3 minutes, then drying the fabric in an oven at 60-100°C, and repeating the immersion and drying processes 2-5 times to obtain a photothermal fabric. The photothermal agent aqueous dispersion is a solution obtained by adding the photothermal agent into water and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a uniform dispersion. The photothermal agent is selected from any one of MXene, carboxylated carbon nanotubes, and carboxylated carbon black. Step S2: adding a mixture of 0.5 to 2 parts of aqueous ammonia and 2 to 6 parts of water to 95 parts of ethanol by volume, mixing uniformly, adding 0.5 to 3 g of a silane coupling agent with an alkane chain, stirring at a temperature of 25 to 60° C. for 4 to 12 hours to obtain a hydrolyzed solution, adding 0.075 to 0.9 g of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles to the hydrolyzed solution, and ultrasonically treating the solution for 5 to 15 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed and stable modified dispersion; The silane coupling agent with an alkane chain is selected from at least one of dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane and octadecyltriethoxysilane; Step S3, placing the photothermal fabric treated in step S1 into the modified dispersion prepared in step S2, stirring at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes, taking out the photothermal fabric and placing it in an oven at 80 to 120° C. for curing for 0.5 to 4 hours to obtain a superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with a photothermal effect, wherein a silane coupling agent / hydrophobic silica nanoparticle composite coating is attached to the surface of the fabric base of the superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric.

2. The method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S1, the material of the fabric is any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyurethane and cellulose; the type of the fabric is non-woven fabric or woven fabric.

3. The method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass concentration of the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain in the solvent consisting of ethanol, ammonia water and water is 5-30 mg / mL.

4. The method for preparing a super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect according to claim 3, wherein: In step S2, the particle size of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles is 20-80 nm; and the mass ratio of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles to the silane coupling agent with an alkane chain is 15-30 wt %.

5. A super-hydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect, characterized by: The superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4. The superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric with photothermal effect combines passive superhydrophobic antibacterial adhesion and active photothermal sterilization in antibacterial applications, and the antibacterial rate is as high as over 99.0%.

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