Test device and method for water leakage and water pressure behavior in submarine tunnels

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for testing the water leakage and water pressure behavior of an undersea tunnel. The device comprises: a C-shaped workbench with a lower support platform within its C-shaped opening; a sealing mechanism comprising a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, the top cover plate having a top groove above it for storing water, and the bottom cover plate having a bottom groove for storing seepage water; a water seepage mechanism located between the top and bottom cover plates, with sealing gaskets provided between the water seepage mechanism and the top and bottom cover plates, respectively; a top loading mechanism for applying a predetermined load to the top cover plate; a water pressure loading mechanism for providing a loading water pressure to the sealing mechanism; a testing mechanism for testing the water pressure within the bottom groove and the displacement of the bottom cover plate; and a control device connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism, and the testing mechanism. The present invention can simulate the water pressure behavior of a 100-meter ultra-deep undersea tunnel under different drainage rates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of submarine tunnel engineering, and in particular to a device and method for testing the water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Currently, my country is building and planning an increasing number of submarine tunnels, with a trend toward higher water pressures and greater depths. For example, the Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel, currently under construction, boasts a maximum water head of 114 meters. Planned major projects, such as the Qiongzhou Strait Cross-Sea Tunnel, the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Tunnel, and the Taiwan Strait Cross-Sea Tunnel, boast maximum water heads of 150 meters. For ultra-deep submarine tunnels exceeding 100 meters, the rationality and reliability of the structural drainage system are crucial to the success of underwater tunnels and a crucial factor in controlling operating costs. Currently, submarine tunnel drainage system designs primarily fall into three categories: full drainage mode, limited drainage mode, and fully enclosed mode. The magnitude and pattern of water pressure acting on the lining vary significantly across these different drainage systems. Even within the limited drainage mode, the water pressure acting on the lining varies significantly with different drainage rates. Rationally determining the lining water pressure in conjunction with the designed drainage mode is a key technical challenge.

[0003] Currently, research on the water pressure behavior of submarine tunnel linings primarily focuses on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, with relatively few model tests. Furthermore, existing model test equipment and methods are only suitable for low to medium water pressures. There are no devices or methods for simulating water leakage and water pressure behavior in ultra-deep submarine tunnels exceeding 100 meters. With the rapid growth of submarine tunnels in my country, drainage systems with water pressure sensing and overpressure drainage capabilities are being developed. Consequently, the corresponding relationship between underwater tunnel drainage control and structural water loads, as well as methods for determining water pressure, urgently need to be studied through experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing the water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnels.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior in a submarine tunnel, comprising:

[0006] A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening with a lower support platform disposed therein;

[0007] A sealing mechanism is provided on the lower support platform, the sealing mechanism comprising a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, a top groove for storing water is provided above the top cover plate, and a bottom groove for storing permeated water is provided on the bottom cover plate;

[0008] a water seepage mechanism, located between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, with sealing gaskets provided between the water seepage mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0009] a top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applying a predetermined load to the top cover plate;

[0010] A water pressure loading mechanism, used for providing loading water pressure to the sealing mechanism;

[0011] A testing mechanism, used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water displacement of the bottom cover plate;

[0012] A control device is connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism respectively.

[0013] Optionally, two annular grooves are respectively provided on the lower surface of the top cover plate and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate along the circumferential direction, and the annular grooves are used for pasting sealing gaskets.

[0014] Optionally, the water penetration mechanism includes a concrete slab component, and the thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete slab component are set according to test requirements.

[0015] Optionally, a water inlet hole is provided on the top cover plate, and the water pressure loading mechanism includes:

[0016] a water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet;

[0017] The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

[0018] Optionally, an air outlet is provided on the top cover.

[0019] Optionally, the testing mechanism includes a water pressure gauge, and a pressure measuring hole is provided on the bottom cover plate, and the water pressure gauge tests the water pressure in the bottom groove through the pressure measuring hole.

[0020] Optionally, the testing mechanism includes a flow meter, the bottom cover plate is provided with a drainage hole, the drainage hole is connected to a drainage pipe, the flow meter is provided on the drainage pipe, and the flow meter is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for testing the water leakage and water pressure behavior of a submarine tunnel is provided, which is implemented using the above-mentioned submarine tunnel water leakage and water pressure behavior testing device. The method comprises:

[0022] providing concrete slab components;

[0023] Provide top and bottom covers;

[0024] A sealing gasket is attached between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and the concrete slab component is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0025] Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate;

[0026] Using a hydraulic loading mechanism to load the water pressure to a predetermined value;

[0027] Adjust the drainage volume, test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, and obtain the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure in the tunnel.

[0028] Optionally, the method includes: replacing concrete slab components of different thicknesses for testing.

[0029] Optionally, the method includes: replacing concrete slab components with different permeability coefficients for testing.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention can simulate the water pressure magnitude pattern of a 100-meter-class ultra-deep submarine tunnel under different drainage rates through the mutual cooperation between various mechanisms and the adjustment of the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism by a control device.

[0032] 2. The present invention can conveniently and quickly simulate the water gushing situation of surrounding rocks with different permeabilities and thicknesses under high water pressure conditions by changing the concrete components of the water seepage mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is an overall front view of a device for testing water leakage and water pressure in a submarine tunnel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is an overall right side view of a device for testing water leakage and water pressure in a submarine tunnel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] In the figure: 1 is a C-shaped workbench, 2 is a top oil cylinder, 3 is a top cover plate, 4 is a bottom cover plate, 5 is a concrete slab component, 6 is a sealing gasket, 7 is a pad, 8 is a hydraulic cylinder, 9 is a hydraulic pipeline, 10 is a water pressure gauge, 11 is a drain pipe, 12 is a flow meter, 13 is a lower support platform, and 14 is a control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only a relational word determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of the various parts or elements of the present application. It does not specifically refer to any part or element in the present application and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0039] In this application, terms such as "fixed connection," "connected," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly to mean a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. The specific meanings of these terms in this application can be determined by those skilled in the art based on specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an underwater tunnel water leakage and water pressure action law test device provided by one embodiment of the present invention includes a C-shaped workbench 1, a sealing mechanism, a water seepage mechanism, a top loading mechanism, a water pressure loading mechanism, a testing mechanism and a control device 14. The C-shaped workbench 1 has a C-shaped opening, and a lower support platform 13 is provided in the C-shaped opening; the sealing mechanism is arranged on the lower support platform 13, and the sealing mechanism includes a top cover plate 3 and a bottom cover plate 4. A top groove used as a water storage space is provided above the top cover plate 3 to simulate the action of high-pressure seawater, and a bottom groove for storing seepage water is provided on the bottom cover plate 4; the water seepage mechanism is located between the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4, and sealing gaskets 6 are respectively provided between the water seepage mechanism and the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4; the top loading mechanism is located at the top of the C-shaped opening, and the top loading mechanism applies a predetermined load to the top cover plate 3; the water pressure loading mechanism is used to provide loading water pressure for the sealing mechanism; the testing mechanism is used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water displacement of the bottom cover plate 4; the control device 14 is connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism respectively.

[0041] In some embodiments, the C-shaped workbench 1 is welded from steel plates, and the top loading mechanism includes a top cylinder 2 and a pad 7. The top of the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped workbench 1 is welded and fixed to the top cylinder 2 to provide support for the top cylinder 2, and the upper and middle parts provide reaction force for the displacement loading of the top cylinder 2; exemplarily, the top loading mechanism includes four top cylinders 2, and the four top cylinders 2 are evenly distributed at the top of the C-shaped opening, and are used to apply a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism. The pad 7 is arranged below the top cylinder 2 and is respectively connected to the four top cylinders 2, and the pad 7 is used to apply a wedge-shaped deformation to the top cover plate 3; the lower support platform 13 of the C-shaped workbench 1 provides an operating surface for the sealing mechanism, and provides an operating platform for testing the amount of water leakage in the tunnel and the law of water pressure action.

[0042] In some embodiments, both the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4 are made of steel. Two annular grooves are defined along the circumference of the lower surface of the top cover plate 3 and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate 4, respectively. These grooves are used to accommodate and affix sealing gaskets 6. The sealing gasket between the top and bottom cover plates 3 and 4 is located in the outer annular groove. During testing, the water pressure in the water storage space above the sealing mechanism can reach up to 5 MPa, and the sealing is ensured by the provision of sealing gaskets 6.

[0043] In some embodiments, the water infiltration mechanism includes a concrete slab component 5, which can be a series of concrete slabs with different permeability coefficients and different thicknesses. The thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete slab component 5 are set according to test requirements. The upper and lower surfaces of the concrete slab component 5 are both provided with a groove for inserting a sealing gasket 6. The groove on the upper surface corresponds to the annular groove on the inner side of the top cover plate 3, and the groove on the lower surface corresponds to the annular groove inside the bottom cover plate 4, so that the sealing gasket 6 is respectively pasted between the upper surface of the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate 3, and between the lower surface and the bottom cover plate 4.

[0044] The concrete slab component 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is used to simulate the permeability of the surrounding rock (not to simulate the structural performance), that is, a series of concrete slab components 5 with different permeability coefficients are prepared in advance, and then the concrete slab components 5 with corresponding permeability are selected for experimental simulation according to the permeability coefficients of different surrounding rocks.

[0045] In some embodiments, the top cover plate 3 includes a water inlet and an air outlet. The air outlet prevents air pressure from building up in the water storage space, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. The hydraulic loading mechanism includes a hydraulic pipeline 9 and a hydraulic cylinder 8. One end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected to the water inlet; the hydraulic cylinder 8 is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 to provide the loading water pressure. Automatic hydraulic loading is achieved via a control device 14.

[0046] The test device in the embodiment of the present invention has a hydraulic loading capacity of 5 MPa, which is equivalent to the loading capacity of 500 m water head, so that the test device can be used to simulate a 100-meter-class ultra-deep submarine tunnel.

[0047] In some embodiments, the testing mechanism includes a water pressure gauge 10 . A pressure measuring hole is provided on one side of the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4 . The water pressure gauge 10 tests the water pressure in the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4 through the pressure measuring hole.

[0048] In some embodiments, the testing mechanism includes a flow meter 12, and the bottom cover plate 4 is provided with a drainage hole on the other side of the bottom groove. The drainage hole is used to discharge the seepage water in the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4. The drainage hole is connected to the drainage pipe 11, and the flow meter 12 is provided on the drainage pipe 11. The flow meter 12 is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

[0049] In the above embodiment of the present invention, various test parameters, such as top load, loading water pressure, etc., can be set through the control device 14 to achieve automatic operation.

[0050] Given a constant amount of water seepage from the tunnel's surrounding rock, different drainage patterns can produce different corresponding drainage volumes. Therefore, different drainage rates are directly related to the magnitude of water pressure. The aforementioned embodiment of the present invention, by varying the water seepage mechanism and conducting multiple tests using concrete slab components 5 with varying permeability coefficients, can reveal the distribution patterns of tunnel water pressure under conditions of varying permeability characteristics and drainage rates. Based on the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure, the structural water loads associated with different tunnel drainage schemes can be calculated, confirming the regular relationship between underwater tunnel drainage control and structural water loads.

[0051] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, different percentages of drainage rate correspond to varying degrees of drainage restriction. Specifically, a drainage rate of 0 corresponds to a fully enclosed, non-draining mode; a drainage rate of 100% corresponds to a full drainage mode; and drainage rates in between correspond to a "limited drainage mode." By adjusting the loading water pressure and the drainage rate of the drainage holes, it is possible to simulate the effects of water pressure in different drainage modes in a 100-meter-long, high-pressure submarine tunnel under different drainage design patterns and drainage rates.

[0052] Based on the same concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing the water leakage and water pressure behavior of a submarine tunnel, which is implemented using the above-mentioned submarine tunnel water leakage and water pressure behavior testing device. The method includes:

[0053] S1. Provide concrete slab components;

[0054] S2. Provide a top cover and a bottom cover;

[0055] S3. Paste sealing gaskets between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, respectively, and place the concrete slab component between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0056] Specifically, sealing gaskets are pasted into the grooves on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete member, and sealing gaskets are pasted into the two circumferential grooves of the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and the concrete slab member with the sealing gaskets pasted thereon is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0057] S4. Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate. The predetermined value of the top load is determined based on the magnitude of the required loading water pressure and the performance of the sealing gasket, and is required to achieve the sealing function under the proposed high water pressure working condition.

[0058] S5. After connecting the hydraulic cylinder's pipe to the hydraulic pipeline, start the hydraulic cylinder and use the hydraulic loading mechanism to gradually increase the water pressure to a predetermined value. The water pressure applied in this step is a water pressure value corresponding to the seawater depth and the tunnel burial depth, which can be understood as the hydrostatic pressure in the fully enclosed, undrained mode.

[0059] S6. Adjust the drainage volume and test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, that is, the water load pressure of the tunnel structure corresponding to different drainage rates. The drainage rate can be obtained by calculation. Specifically, the drainage volume is divided by the amount of water inflow (that is, the amount of water seepage from the surrounding rock) to obtain the drainage rate. Thus, the relationship between different drainage rates of the tunnel and the size of the water pressure is obtained.

[0060] In some embodiments, step S1 provides a batch of concrete slab components with different thicknesses and different permeability coefficients, and the method further includes:

[0061] S7. Replace the concrete slab component in step S3 by following the same procedures from step S4 to step S6.

[0062] The above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention simulates the thickness of the overlying rock of the tunnel through the thickness of the concrete slab component. For example, the test is carried out by replacing concrete slab components of different thicknesses to simulate the seepage amount and pressure change when the permeability coefficient of the tunnel surrounding rock is constant but the thickness is different; and / or, the test is carried out by replacing concrete slab components of different permeability coefficients.

[0063] It should be noted that the above method embodiments and device embodiments are based on the same inventive concept, and their specific processes can be implemented with reference to the device embodiments. The method embodiments have the same beneficial effects as the device embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] The above-described embodiment of the present invention, through the interaction of various mechanisms and the adjustment of the hydraulic pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism via a control device, can simulate the water pressure patterns in ultra-deep submarine tunnels exceeding 100 meters under different drainage rates. By varying the concrete components of the water permeability mechanism, water inflow under high water pressure conditions can be quickly and easily simulated for surrounding rock with varying permeabilities and thicknesses.

[0065] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims without affecting the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features may be used in any combination as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Claims

1. A test device for water leakage and water pressure action law in submarine tunnels, characterized in that: include: A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening with a lower support platform disposed therein; A sealing mechanism is provided on the lower support platform, the sealing mechanism comprising a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, a top groove for storing water is provided above the top cover plate, and a bottom groove for storing permeated water is provided on the bottom cover plate; a water seepage mechanism located between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, with sealing gaskets provided between the water seepage mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, respectively; the water seepage mechanism includes a concrete slab member, the thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete slab member being set according to test requirements to simulate the thickness and permeability coefficient of the overlying rock of the tunnel; a top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applying a predetermined load to the top cover plate; A water pressure loading mechanism, used for providing loading water pressure to the sealing mechanism; A testing mechanism, used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water displacement of the bottom cover plate; The control device is respectively connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism; by adjusting the drainage volume, the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes is tested to obtain the relationship between different drainage rates of the tunnel and the water pressure.

2. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior of submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the top cover plate and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate are respectively provided with two annular grooves along the circumferential direction, and the annular grooves are used for sticking sealing gaskets.

3. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior of submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover plate is provided with a water inlet hole, and the water pressure loading mechanism includes: a water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet; The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

4. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior of submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air outlet is provided on the top cover plate.

5. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior of submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing mechanism includes a water pressure gauge. A pressure measuring hole is provided on the bottom cover plate. The water pressure gauge tests the water pressure in the bottom groove through the pressure measuring hole.

6. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior of submarine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing mechanism includes a flow meter. The bottom cover plate is provided with a drainage hole. The drainage hole is connected to a drainage pipe. The flow meter is provided on the drainage pipe and is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

7. A method for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior in submarine tunnels, characterized in that: The method is implemented using the device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises: providing concrete slab components; Provide top and bottom covers; A sealing gasket is attached between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and the concrete slab component is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate; Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate; Using a hydraulic loading mechanism to load the water pressure to a predetermined value; Adjust the drainage volume, test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, and obtain the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure in the tunnel.

8. The method for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior in submarine tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: performing tests by replacing concrete slab components with different thicknesses.

9. The method for testing water leakage and water pressure behavior in submarine tunnels according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The method comprises: performing tests by replacing concrete slab components with different permeability coefficients.

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