Farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation and control method based on ecological model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological management, in particular to a farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation and control method based on an ecological model, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting ecological data of soil; s2, on the basis of the ecological data collected in the S1, constructing a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation and control model by utilizing an ecological model coupled with a carbon-nitrogen cycle relationship; s3, performing carbon-nitrogen balance analysis by using the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation and control model, and further determining a balance point between carbon-nitrogen input and loss; s4, formulating a carbon nitrogen regulation and control scheme according to a carbon nitrogen balance analysis result in S3; s5, performing specific operation according to the carbon nitrogen regulation and control scheme formulated in the S4; and S6, if the soil carbon and nitrogen content does not reach the set target, dynamically adjusting the carbon and nitrogen regulation and control scheme according to a feedback result. According to the invention, through combination of ecological data acquisition and a carbon nitrogen cycle model, dynamic balance regulation and control of farmland carbon nitrogen cycle are realized, the resource utilization efficiency is improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the sustainability of a soil ecological system is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological management, and in particular to a method for regulating and controlling farmland carbon and nitrogen cycles based on an ecological model. Background Art

[0002] With the intensive development of modern agriculture, large-scale application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and organic carbon sources has increased crop yields in the short term, but has also caused a series of environmental problems. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and carbon source input has led to the disorder of soil carbon and nitrogen cycles, increased carbon and nitrogen losses in the soil, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased the risk of eutrophication of water bodies. At the same time, soil microbial diversity is damaged. Traditional farmland management usually focuses on the quantitative application of nitrogen fertilizers and carbon sources, but ignores the interaction and balanced regulation of carbon and nitrogen in the soil system. Therefore, achieving precise carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation and dynamically adjusting carbon and nitrogen inputs based on the needs of the soil ecosystem have become the key to sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] However, most of the existing carbon and nitrogen cycle control methods rely on simple fertilizer management and irrigation measures, lacking the systematicness and scientificity based on ecological models, and unable to dynamically feedback and regulate the carbon and nitrogen balance in farmland soil in real time. This lack of ecological adaptability leads to low resource utilization efficiency, and the loss of carbon and nitrogen and environmental pollution problems are difficult to be effectively solved. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle control method based on ecological models to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycles based on an ecological model.

[0005] The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model includes the following steps: S1: Deploy a sensor network in the target farmland area to collect ecological data on soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and microbial community structure; S2: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model is constructed using an ecological model that couples the carbon-nitrogen cycle relationship. The carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model includes a carbon cycle sub-model and a nitrogen cycle sub-model, which are coupled through parameters to reflect the interaction between carbon and nitrogen. S3: Use the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to conduct carbon-nitrogen balance analysis, including calculating the difference between carbon and nitrogen input and output in farmland, and evaluating the health of the current farmland soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, and then determining the balance point between carbon and nitrogen input and loss; S4: Based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis in S3, a carbon-nitrogen regulation plan is formulated, including optimizing the nitrogen fertilizer application rate, carbon source addition rate and microbial regulation measures; S5: Carry out specific operations according to the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, including applying nitrogen fertilizer according to the nitrogen fertilizer application rate determined by the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan, adding carbon sources as needed, and inoculating bacteria according to the soil microbial regulation needs; S6: After the implementation of S5, continuously monitor and obtain the ecological data after regulation, and conduct feedback analysis through the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model. If the soil carbon and nitrogen content does not reach the set target, dynamically adjust the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan according to the feedback results until the carbon-nitrogen cycle reaches the target range.

[0006] Optionally, the S1 specifically includes: S11: Arrange the sensor network in a grid layout within the target farmland area to ensure that the collected ecological data is comprehensive and representative; S12: Arrange a soil temperature and humidity sensor at the center of each grid to collect soil temperature and soil moisture data in the grid, wherein the soil temperature and humidity sensor is buried 5 to 10 cm above the soil surface; S13: Install a light sensor in the middle of each grid to collect light intensity data of the farmland, wherein the light sensor is installed at a height of 20 to 30 cm above the crop canopy; S14: Arranging a soil carbon content sensor on the soil surface at the center of each grid to collect soil carbon content data, wherein the soil carbon content sensor is installed at the same depth as the soil temperature and humidity sensor; S15: burying a soil nitrogen content sensor in the center of each grid to collect soil nitrogen content data, wherein the soil nitrogen content sensor and the soil carbon content sensor are arranged at the same depth; S16: A microbial sampling device is arranged in each grid to regularly collect soil microbial sample data, and the microbial sampling device is installed in a shallow layer 5 to 8 cm from the ground surface.

[0007] Optionally, the S2 specifically includes: S21: Based on the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure collected in S1, the initial parameter sets of the carbon cycle sub-model and the nitrogen cycle sub-model are established. The initial parameters of the carbon cycle sub-model include soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon, soil temperature and soil moisture; the initial parameters of the nitrogen cycle sub-model include soil nitrogen content, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil temperature and soil moisture data; S22: In the carbon cycle submodel, the carbon mineralization rate is calculated by a decomposition formula based on soil organic carbon content, soil temperature and soil moisture data. , the formula is: ,in, is the carbon mineralization rate constant, is the soil organic carbon content, is the temperature factor function, is the moisture factor function; S23: In the nitrogen cycle sub-model, the nitrogen conversion rate is calculated by nitrification and denitrification formulas based on soil nitrogen content, soil temperature and soil moisture data, where the nitrification rate and denitrification rate They are calculated by the following formulas: ; ;in, is the nitrification rate constant, is the denitrification rate constant, is the soil nitrogen content, and is the temperature factor function and the moisture factor function; S24: The carbon cycle submodel is linked to the nitrogen cycle submodel through parameter coupling. Specifically, the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass nitrogen is used as a coupling parameter to make the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process Nitrification rate during nitrogen transformation Denitrification rate Achieve dynamic balance in microbial activities to build a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model; S25: Conduct preliminary verification of the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

[0008] Optionally, the S24 specifically includes: S241: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, obtain microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, and calculate the ratio of the two as the coupling parameter , this ratio is used to reflect the relative proportion of carbon and nitrogen requirements during microbial growth; S242: Using coupling parameters in carbon mineralization Carbon mineralization rate The correction was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor To adjust the carbon mineralization rate to meet the microbial demand for carbon and nitrogen balance; S243: During the nitrogen conversion process, the nitrification rate and denitrification rate By coupling parameters Adjustment was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor To correct the nitrogen conversion rate so that the nitrogen conversion process is balanced with the carbon and nitrogen requirements of microorganisms; S244: Based on the adjusted corrected carbon mineralization rate, corrected nitrification rate and corrected denitrification rate, on the basis of the carbon and nitrogen demands of microorganisms, the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process and the nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the nitrogen transformation process are made to reach a dynamic balance in microbial activities, thereby completing the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

[0009] Optionally, the S25 specifically includes: S251: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, the latest ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are input into the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the predicted values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate predicted by the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model; S252: Use the measured values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate collected by sensors as the observation benchmark for verification of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, calculate the difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the absolute error of each parameter, and record the error value for subsequent evaluation; S253: Based on the absolute error, calculate the relative error of the predicted value relative to the measured value, and express the relative error in percentage form; S254: Compare all relative errors with the preset allowable error range. If all relative errors are within the preset allowable error range, it means that the carbon-nitrogen cycle state is basically consistent with the actual data, confirming that the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle control model parameters are valid; if any relative error exceeds the preset allowable error range, the model parameters need to be further adjusted and re-verified until the error of the model output meets the requirements.

[0010] Optionally, the S3 specifically includes: S31: Based on the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, the carbon input and nitrogen input in the farmland area are obtained, where the carbon input includes the sum of carbon produced by organic fertilizer, straw return and soil organic carbon mineralization, and the nitrogen input includes the sum of nitrogen released by nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen-fixing microbial activity and soil mineralization; assuming that the carbon input is , nitrogen input is ; S32: Calculate carbon output and nitrogen output, where carbon output includes the sum of crop absorption, soil respiration and carbon loss processes; nitrogen output includes the sum of crop absorption, denitrification, nitrogen volatilization and nitrogen loss processes; suppose carbon output is The nitrogen output is ; S33: Calculate the carbon balance of the farmland based on the carbon input, nitrogen input, carbon output and nitrogen output in S31 and S32 and nitrogen balance , respectively determined by the following formulas: ; , where the carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The positive or negative result is used to judge the current carbon and nitrogen status of the farmland. If the balance value is positive, it means that carbon or nitrogen is accumulating in the soil; if it is negative, it means that carbon or nitrogen is being lost. S34: Based on carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The size and positive and negative of the carbon-nitrogen cycle are used to comprehensively evaluate the health of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and determine whether the current soil is in an ideal carbon-nitrogen balance state; if and If the absolute values ​​of both are less than 10 kg / ha / year, carbon and nitrogen are considered to be in equilibrium; if the absolute value of any equilibrium value is greater than 20 kg / ha / year, it means that there is an imbalance in the carbon or nitrogen cycle and it needs to be adjusted through a carbon and nitrogen control plan.

[0011] Optionally, the S4 specifically includes: S41: Based on the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis results in S3, determine the current state of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle. If the carbon or nitrogen balance value deviates from zero, corresponding regulation is required; if the carbon balance value is negative, it indicates soil carbon loss and the carbon source needs to be increased; if the nitrogen balance value is negative, it indicates nitrogen loss and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount needs to be adjusted; S42: Formulate the amount of carbon source to be added based on the carbon balance value result. When the carbon balance value is lower than the target balance value, add carbon source by returning straw to the field or adding organic fertilizer to increase the soil organic carbon content; S43: Optimizing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied according to the nitrogen balance value result, and increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to supplement nitrogen when the nitrogen balance value is lower than the target balance value; and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to reduce excess nitrogen when the nitrogen balance value is higher than the target balance value; S44: Formulate microbial control measures based on the soil microbial community structure. If the carbon-nitrogen cycle is unbalanced, carbon mineralization or nitrogen fixation will be promoted by inoculating microorganisms, including degrading bacteria that promote carbon mineralization and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; S45: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures in S42 to S44 to generate an overall carbon and nitrogen control plan to make the carbon and nitrogen input and output more balanced.

[0012] Optionally, the S45 specifically includes: S451: According to the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount in S42 and the microbial control measures in S44, set the target balance value of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme, including the target carbon balance value and target nitrogen balance If the carbon balance value Carbon balance target The difference is less than Year, and nitrogen balance value Target nitrogen balance The difference is less than years, indicating that carbon and nitrogen are in equilibrium; if the difference is greater than If the number of years exceeds the target value, it is considered to be deviated from the target value; S452: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures into a unified carbon-nitrogen control scheme parameter set; determine the ratio relationship between the carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial addition amount based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis. The specific ratio relationship is determined by the following formula: ; ; ,in, , and are the weight coefficients of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, is the amount of carbon source added, Optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, The amount added for microbial regulation; S453: Allocate the integrated carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial control measures to each implementation step of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme in proportion to ensure that the use of each control resource meets the target carbon and nitrogen balance requirements; S454: Determine the final carbon and nitrogen regulation program parameter set, including the total amount and application frequency of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganisms.

[0013] Optionally, the S5 specifically includes: S51: According to the nitrogen fertilizer application amount determined in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, the required nitrogen fertilizer is divided into several equal amounts and applied in batches. The application time and frequency are selected according to the crop growth stage and the actual nitrogen content of the soil. When applying, the required nitrogen fertilizer type and application depth are calculated to make the nitrogen fertilizer evenly distributed in the crop root absorption area; S52: adding carbon source organic fertilizer or straw to the target farmland area according to the carbon source addition amount in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan; S53: According to the soil microbial regulation requirements and the bacterial inoculation amount in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, degrading bacteria or functional microorganisms are applied to the soil by mixing them in organic fertilizer or using liquid microbial agents; S54: Integrate the nitrogen fertilizer application, carbon source addition and microbial inoculation operations in S51 to S53, and execute them according to the various parameters of the carbon and nitrogen regulation plan to ensure that each operation can synergistically achieve the soil carbon and nitrogen balance goal.

[0014] Optionally, the S6 specifically includes: S61: After the implementation of the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme in S5, the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are continuously monitored through the sensor network to obtain the latest ecological data. The monitoring frequency is at least once a week. S62: Input the ecological data obtained from monitoring into the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model, calculate the carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate after control, and compare and analyze them with the target carbon-nitrogen content set by the carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen cycle state reaches the set balance target, continue to maintain the current carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen content deviates from the target value, mark the relevant parameters as requiring adjustment; S63: Based on the feedback analysis results, the application amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is dynamically adjusted; if the carbon content is low, the amount of carbon source added is increased; if the nitrogen content is low, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased; if the microbial activity is insufficient, the amount of microbial inoculation is adjusted; the additional amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is calculated according to the following formula: ; ,in, is the additional amount of carbon source, is the additional amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and is the target carbon and nitrogen content, and is the current carbon and nitrogen content, and is the conversion efficiency coefficient of carbon source and nitrogen fertilizer; S64: Update the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan according to the adjusted carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial inoculum, and implement corresponding adjustment measures, repeat the monitoring and feedback process from S61 to S63 until the carbon-nitrogen content reaches the set target range, and confirm the stability of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and the effectiveness of the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention collects ecological data such as temperature and humidity, light intensity, carbon and nitrogen content, and microbial community structure of farmland soil through sensors, combines the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, accurately calculates the difference between carbon and nitrogen input and output, and provides real-time feedback on the carbon and nitrogen status of the farmland, so that the input and output of carbon and nitrogen can be continuously optimized. This not only meets the nutrient needs of crops, but also reduces carbon and nitrogen loss, significantly reducing resource waste and environmental pollution in the soil carbon and nitrogen cycle.

[0016] The present invention, by dynamically adjusting the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, the amount of carbon source added and microbial control measures, makes the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation more adapted to the actual conditions of the soil and realizes the precise regulation of the carbon-nitrogen balance. The overall solution effectively improves the health level of farmland soil, enhances the stability and sustainability of the soil ecosystem, provides a scientific and efficient carbon-nitrogen cycle management method for agricultural production, and helps to improve the long-term productivity of farmland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for regulating and controlling carbon and nitrogen cycles in farmland according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the verification process of the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0021] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0022] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation method based on the ecological model includes the following steps: S1: Deploy a sensor network in the target farmland area to collect ecological data on soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and microbial community structure; S2: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model is constructed using an ecological model that couples the carbon-nitrogen cycle relationship. The carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model includes a carbon cycle sub-model and a nitrogen cycle sub-model. The carbon cycle sub-model is used to predict the dynamic flow of carbon sources between soil and plants; the nitrogen cycle sub-model is used to monitor and analyze the mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification of nitrogen in the soil. The two are coupled through parameters to reflect the interaction between carbon and nitrogen. S3: Use the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to conduct carbon-nitrogen balance analysis, including calculating the difference between carbon-nitrogen input and output in farmland, and evaluating the health of the current farmland soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, and then determine the balance point between carbon-nitrogen input and loss, providing a basis for further regulation; S4: Based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis in S3, a carbon-nitrogen regulation plan is formulated, including optimizing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of carbon source added, and microbial regulation measures to ensure that the application of the plan can promote the balance of the carbon-nitrogen cycle; S5: Carry out specific operations according to the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, including applying nitrogen fertilizer according to the nitrogen fertilizer application rate determined by the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan, adding carbon sources as needed, and inoculating bacteria according to the soil microbial regulation needs; S6: After the implementation of S5, continuously monitor and obtain the ecological data after regulation, and conduct feedback analysis through the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model. If the soil carbon and nitrogen content does not reach the set target, dynamically adjust the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan according to the feedback results until the carbon-nitrogen cycle reaches the target range.

[0023] S1 specifically includes: S11: Arrange the sensor network in a grid layout in the target farmland area to ensure that the collected ecological data is comprehensive and representative. The size of the grid is determined according to the area, topography and soil type of the target farmland. The grid size is , the formula is: ,in, is the area of ​​the target farmland (in square meters), The number of preset sensors is determined according to the complexity of the terrain and the uniformity of the soil type. The value of is chosen to ensure the uniformity and representativeness of the grid points. Usually, at least one sensor point is arranged for every 1000 square meters in flat terrain, and one sensor point is arranged for every 500 square meters in areas with large terrain changes. S12: a soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at the center of each grid to collect the temperature and soil moisture data of the soil in the grid. The soil temperature and humidity sensor is buried 5 to 10 cm from the soil surface to prevent the outside air from affecting the data collection and ensure that the collected temperature and soil moisture data can truly reflect the temperature and humidity conditions of the soil layer; S13: A light sensor is installed in the middle of each grid to collect light intensity data of the farmland. The light sensor is installed at a height of 20 to 30 cm above the crop canopy to ensure that the collected light intensity data is not affected by crop shadows and accurately reflects the sunshine conditions of the farmland; S14: a soil carbon content sensor is arranged on the soil surface at the center of each grid to collect soil carbon content data. The soil carbon content sensor is installed at the same depth as the soil temperature and humidity sensor to achieve synchronous collection of carbon content and temperature and soil moisture data. S15: A soil nitrogen content sensor is buried in the center of each grid to collect soil nitrogen content data. The soil nitrogen content sensor and the soil carbon content sensor are arranged at the same depth, that is, 10 cm from the ground surface, to ensure that the collected soil carbon and nitrogen content data have temporal and spatial consistency, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent data analysis; S16: A microbial sampling device is arranged at the center of each grid or within a radius of 20 to 30 cm from the center of the grid to regularly collect soil microbial sample data. The microbial sampling device is installed in a shallow layer 5 to 8 cm from the ground surface and is equipped with a protective sleeve to prevent the sample from being contaminated by the outside world, so as to ensure that the collected ecological data of the microbial community structure is stable and reliable; the above steps are calculated through a grid distribution method based on farmland area, topography and soil type, and combined with the precise depth and height settings of various sensors to ensure the representativeness and high accuracy of ecological data, so that the collection of ecological data on soil temperature and humidity, light, carbon content, nitrogen content and microbial community structure is more comprehensive and scientific, providing accurate ecological data support for the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

[0024] S2 specifically includes: S21: Based on the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure collected in S1, the initial parameter sets of the carbon cycle sub-model and the nitrogen cycle sub-model are established. The initial parameters of the carbon cycle sub-model include soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon, soil temperature and soil moisture; the initial parameters of the nitrogen cycle sub-model include soil nitrogen content, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil temperature and soil moisture data; S22: In the carbon cycle submodel, the carbon mineralization rate is calculated by a decomposition formula based on soil organic carbon content, soil temperature and soil moisture data. , the formula is: ,in, is the carbon mineralization rate constant, is the soil organic carbon content, is the temperature factor function, is the moisture factor function, which reflects the effects of temperature and moisture on the carbon mineralization process. The calculated carbon mineralization rate As output of the carbon cycle sub-model; S23: In the nitrogen cycle sub-model, the nitrogen conversion rate is calculated by nitrification and denitrification formulas based on soil nitrogen content, soil temperature and soil moisture data, where the nitrification rate and denitrification rate They are calculated by the following formulas: ; ;in, is the nitrification rate constant, is the denitrification rate constant, is the soil nitrogen content, and is a function of temperature and moisture factors, reflecting the impact of environmental factors on nitrogen transformation; the calculated nitrification rate and denitrification rate As output of the nitrogen cycle sub-model; The expression of the temperature factor function is: ,in, is the current soil temperature in degrees Celsius; is the reference temperature, usually 20°C, in degrees Celsius. is the temperature sensitivity constant, usually between 0.05 and 0.1, and the specific value is adjusted according to the actual soil and crop type; The expression of moisture factor function is: ,in, is the current soil moisture content, expressed in volumetric water content, The optimum soil moisture content is usually between 0.3 and The specific value is determined according to the farmland soil type. This function is used to reflect the ratio of the current moisture state to the optimal moisture state. S24: The carbon cycle submodel is linked to the nitrogen cycle submodel through parameter coupling. Specifically, the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass nitrogen is used as a coupling parameter to make the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process Nitrification rate during nitrogen transformation Denitrification rate Achieve dynamic balance in microbial activities to build a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model; S25: Preliminary verification of the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model was carried out. The constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model was able to accurately predict the carbon-nitrogen cycle process. By dynamically coupling the key parameters of the carbon cycle sub-model and the nitrogen cycle sub-model, and combining ecological data such as soil temperature, moisture and nutrients, the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model was effectively constructed, so that the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model can accurately predict the dynamic changes of soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, providing a basis for subsequent carbon-nitrogen balance analysis.

[0025] S24 specifically includes: S241: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, obtain microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, and calculate the ratio of the two as the coupling parameter , which is used to reflect the relative proportion of carbon and nitrogen requirements during microbial growth. The coupling parameter The calculation formula is: ,in, is the carbon content of microbial biomass, is the nitrogen content of microbial biomass; S242: Using coupling parameters in carbon mineralization Carbon mineralization rate The correction was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor To adjust the carbon mineralization rate to meet the microbial demand for carbon and nitrogen balance; the revised carbon mineralization rate formula is: ,in, is the corrected carbon mineralization rate, is the carbon mineralization rate; ,in, It is the half-saturation constant, reflecting the appropriate ratio of microbial carbon and nitrogen balance. The specific value is determined according to the microbial characteristics of farmland soil, generally between 5 and 10; S243: During the nitrogen conversion process, the nitrification rate and denitrification rate By coupling parameters Adjustment was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor The nitrogen conversion rate is corrected to balance the nitrogen conversion process with the carbon and nitrogen demand of microorganisms; the corrected nitrification rate and denitrification rate They are calculated by the following formulas: ; ,in, is the basic nitrification rate, is the basic denitrification rate; S244: Based on the adjusted corrected carbon mineralization rate, corrected nitrification rate and corrected denitrification rate, on the basis of microbial carbon and nitrogen demand, the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process and the nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the nitrogen conversion process are made to reach a dynamic balance in microbial activities, thereby completing the construction of a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model and realizing the dynamic equilibrium state of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model in microbial activities; by introducing the ratio of microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen as a coupling parameter and using the carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor to adjust the carbon mineralization and nitrogen conversion rates, the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model can achieve a dynamic balance in microbial activities, thereby improving the accuracy and environmental adaptability of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

[0026] S25 specifically includes: S251: Based on the real-time ecological data collected by S1, the latest ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are input into the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the predicted values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate predicted by the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model; S252: Use the measured values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate collected by sensors as the observation benchmark for verification of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, calculate the difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the absolute error of each parameter, and record the error value for subsequent evaluation; S253: Based on the absolute error, the relative error of the predicted value relative to the measured value is calculated, and the relative error is expressed in percentage form to facilitate the evaluation of the degree of consistency between the output of the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model and the actual situation; S254: Compare all relative errors with the preset allowable error range. If all relative errors are within the preset allowable error range, it means that the carbon-nitrogen cycle state is basically consistent with the actual data, confirming that the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle control model parameters are valid; if any relative error exceeds the preset allowable error range, the model parameters need to be further adjusted and re-verified until the error of the model output meets the requirements.

[0027] The specific calculation steps for preliminary verification of the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model are as follows: First, the predicted carbon mineralization rate generated by the default is The nitrification rate is The denitrification rate is ; Then, using the carbon mineralization rate collected by the field sensor network , nitrification rate and denitrification rate As the actual observed value, the absolute error between the model predicted value and the observed value is calculated. The absolute error is calculated by the following formula: ; ; ,in, and is the absolute error value of carbon mineralization, nitrification and denitrification processes; Next, the relative error is calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the model output. The relative error is determined by the following formula: ; ; ,in, and is the relative error of carbon mineralization, nitrification and denitrification processes; Finally, the relative error , and With the preset error range For comparison, if all relative errors are less than or equal to the preset error range, the following conditions are met: ; ; , it is considered that the carbon-nitrogen cycle state output by the model is consistent with the measured data, confirming that the parameters of the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model are valid; if any error exceeds the preset error range , it is necessary to further adjust the model parameters and re-verify until the error meets the requirements; the above steps strictly confirm the accuracy and reliability of the carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation model parameters by calculating and evaluating the absolute and relative errors between the model prediction rate and the measured data, making the application of the model in farmland ecosystems more precise and improving the effectiveness and adaptability of the model in actual carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation.

[0028] S3 specifically includes: S31: Based on the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, the carbon input and nitrogen input in the farmland area are obtained, where the carbon input includes the sum of carbon produced by organic fertilizer, straw return and carbon mineralization, and the nitrogen input includes the sum of nitrogen released by nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen-fixing microbial activity and soil mineralization; assuming that the carbon input is , nitrogen input is , the specific value is obtained by accumulating the quantitative data of each input source; S32: Calculate carbon output and nitrogen output, where carbon output includes the sum of crop absorption, soil respiration and carbon loss processes; nitrogen output includes the sum of crop absorption, denitrification, nitrogen volatilization and nitrogen loss processes; suppose carbon output is The nitrogen output is , respectively obtained by accumulating the quantitative data of each output process; S33: Calculate the carbon balance of the farmland based on the carbon input, nitrogen input, carbon output and nitrogen output in S31 and S32 and nitrogen balance , respectively determined by the following formulas: ; , where the carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The positive or negative result is used to judge the current carbon and nitrogen status of the farmland. If the balance value is positive, it means that carbon or nitrogen is accumulating in the soil; if it is negative, it means that carbon or nitrogen is being lost. S34: Based on carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The size and positive and negative of the carbon-nitrogen cycle are used to comprehensively evaluate the health of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and determine whether the current soil is in an ideal carbon-nitrogen balance state; if and If the absolute values ​​of both are less than 10 kg / ha / year, the carbon and nitrogen are considered to be in equilibrium; if the absolute value of any equilibrium value is greater than 20 kg / ha / year, it indicates that the carbon or nitrogen cycle is out of balance and needs to be adjusted through a carbon-nitrogen regulation program; by accurately calculating the balance values ​​of carbon and nitrogen input and output, the health of the carbon and nitrogen cycle in farmland soil can be effectively evaluated, and the input-output balance point of the carbon-nitrogen cycle can be determined through carbon-nitrogen balance analysis, thereby providing data support for subsequent carbon-nitrogen regulation programs and enhancing the scientificity and reliability of carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation.

[0029] S4 specifically includes: S41: Based on the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis results in S3, determine the current state of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle. If the carbon or nitrogen balance value deviates from zero, corresponding regulation is required; if the carbon balance value is negative, it indicates soil carbon loss and the carbon source needs to be increased; if the nitrogen balance value is negative, it indicates nitrogen loss and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount needs to be adjusted; S42: The amount of carbon source added is determined based on the carbon balance results. When the carbon balance value is lower than the target balance value, the carbon source is increased by returning straw to the field or adding organic fertilizer to increase the soil organic carbon content. The specific amount of carbon source added is determined based on the following calculation: ,in, is the amount of carbon source added; is the current carbon balance value, is the target carbon balance value; the specific selection and addition method of carbon source is determined according to soil type and crop requirements to ensure the effective utilization of carbon source; S43: Optimize the nitrogen fertilizer application amount according to the nitrogen balance result. When the nitrogen balance value is lower than the target balance value, increase the nitrogen fertilizer application amount to supplement nitrogen; if the nitrogen balance value is higher than the target balance value, reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application amount to reduce excess nitrogen; the optimized nitrogen fertilizer application amount is determined according to the following calculation: ,in, Adjust the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; is the current nitrogen balance value, The target nitrogen balance value is the type and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer application, which is optimized according to crop requirements and soil characteristics; S44: Develop microbial control measures based on the soil microbial community structure. If the carbon-nitrogen cycle is out of balance, carbon mineralization or nitrogen fixation will be promoted by inoculating microorganisms. The microorganisms include degradation bacteria that promote carbon mineralization and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The amount of microorganism added is determined based on the difference in target balance values ​​and soil microbial activity to improve the efficiency of key processes in the carbon-nitrogen cycle. S45: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures in S42 to S44 to generate an overall carbon-nitrogen control plan to make the carbon and nitrogen input and output more balanced, and record the formulated plan parameters as a benchmark for subsequent monitoring of the control effect.

[0030] S45 specifically includes: S451: According to the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount in S42 and the microbial control measures in S44, set the target balance value of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme, including the target carbon balance value and target nitrogen balance If the carbon balance value Carbon balance target The difference is less than Year, and nitrogen balance value Target nitrogen balance The difference is less than years, it indicates that carbon and nitrogen are in equilibrium; if the difference is greater than If the number of years exceeds the target value, it is considered to be deviated from the target value; S452: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures into a unified carbon-nitrogen control scheme parameter set; determine the ratio relationship between the carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial addition amount based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis. The specific ratio relationship is determined by the following formula: ; ; ,in, , and are the weight coefficients of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, is the amount of carbon source added, Optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, The amount added for microbial regulation (expressed by total microbial mass or concentration); S453: Allocate the integrated carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial control measures to each implementation step of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme in proportion to ensure that the use of each control resource meets the target carbon and nitrogen balance requirements; S454: Determine the final carbon-nitrogen regulation program parameter set, including the total amount and frequency of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism addition; generate a coordinated carbon-nitrogen regulation program by integrating carbon source addition, nitrogen fertilizer optimization and microbial regulation measures to ensure that carbon and nitrogen input and output are balanced, enhance the stability of the carbon-nitrogen cycle in farmland soil, achieve scientific and operational carbon-nitrogen management, and effectively improve soil health and farmland productivity.

[0031] S5 specifically includes: S51: According to the nitrogen fertilizer application amount determined in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, the required nitrogen fertilizer is divided into several equal amounts and applied in batches. The application time and frequency are selected according to the crop growth stage and the actual nitrogen content of the soil. When applying, the required nitrogen fertilizer type and application depth are calculated to evenly distribute the nitrogen fertilizer in the crop root absorption area to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce nitrogen loss; S52: Add carbon source organic fertilizer or straw to the target farmland area according to the amount of carbon source added in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan. The application method of the carbon source is selected according to the soil type and carbon demand of the farmland. For example, the straw is returned to the field after the crop is harvested and plowed into the soil to a depth of 10 to 15 cm to increase the soil organic carbon content; organic fertilizer is applied before planting according to the soil carbon balance and carbon demand to maintain the dynamic balance of soil carbon cycle; S53: According to the soil microbial regulation requirements and the bacterial inoculation amount in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, degrading bacteria or functional microorganisms are applied to the soil by mixing them in organic fertilizer or using liquid microbial agents; the specific inoculation amount is adjusted according to the target microbial community ratio and soil microbial community structure to ensure that the microorganisms are evenly distributed in the soil, increase the activity and adaptability of the microorganisms in the soil, and promote the carbon and nitrogen conversion process; S54: Integrate the nitrogen fertilizer application, carbon source addition and microbial inoculation operations in S51 to S53, and execute them according to the various parameters of the carbon-nitrogen control plan (including application time, frequency, depth, etc.) to ensure that each operation can synergistically achieve the soil carbon-nitrogen balance goal; through the precise implementation of nitrogen fertilizer application, carbon source addition and microbial inoculation operations, the soil carbon-nitrogen cycle carbon-nitrogen control plan can be specifically implemented to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen balance goal is achieved, and by monitoring the operation results, it provides a basis for dynamic control, thereby improving the scientific nature and reliability of the control, and helping to enhance soil health and crop productivity.

[0032] S6 specifically includes: S61: After the implementation of the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme of S5, the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are continuously monitored through the sensor network to obtain the latest ecological data. The monitoring frequency is at least once a week to ensure the real-time and representativeness of the data. S62: Input the ecological data obtained from monitoring into the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model, calculate the carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate after control, and compare and analyze them with the target carbon-nitrogen content set by the carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen cycle state reaches the set balance target, continue to maintain the current carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen content deviates from the target value, mark the relevant parameters as requiring adjustment, and enter the next adjustment stage; S63: Based on the feedback analysis results, the application amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is dynamically adjusted; if the carbon content is low, the amount of carbon source added is increased; if the nitrogen content is low, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased; if the microbial activity is insufficient, the amount of microbial inoculation is adjusted; the additional amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is calculated according to the following formula: ; ,in, is the additional amount of carbon source, is the additional amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and is the target carbon and nitrogen content, and is the current carbon and nitrogen content, and is the conversion efficiency coefficient of carbon source and nitrogen fertilizer; S64: Update the carbon-nitrogen control plan according to the adjusted carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial inoculum, and implement corresponding adjustment measures, repeat the monitoring and feedback process from S61 to S63 until the carbon-nitrogen content reaches the set target range, and confirm the stability of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and the effectiveness of the carbon-nitrogen control plan; through continuous monitoring and feedback analysis, the above steps dynamically adjust the application amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism according to the deviation of carbon-nitrogen content from the target value, ensure the flexibility and adaptability of carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation, and enable the soil carbon-nitrogen balance to be accurately achieved in the dynamically changing farmland environment, effectively improving the reliability and long-term effectiveness of the carbon-nitrogen control plan.

[0033] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0034] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycles based on an ecological model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Deploy a sensor network in the target farmland area to collect ecological data on soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and microbial community structure; S2: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, a carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model is constructed using an ecological model that couples the carbon-nitrogen cycle relationship. The carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model includes a carbon cycle sub-model and a nitrogen cycle sub-model, which are coupled through parameters to reflect the interaction between carbon and nitrogen. S3: Use the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to conduct carbon-nitrogen balance analysis, including calculating the difference between carbon and nitrogen input and output in farmland, and evaluating the health of the current farmland soil carbon-nitrogen cycle, and then determining the balance point between carbon and nitrogen input and loss; S4: Based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis in S3, a carbon-nitrogen regulation plan is formulated, including optimizing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, the amount of carbon source added, and microbial regulation measures; S5: Carry out specific operations according to the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, including applying nitrogen fertilizer according to the nitrogen fertilizer application rate determined by the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan, adding carbon sources as needed, and inoculating bacteria according to the soil microbial regulation needs; S6: After the implementation of S5, continuously monitor and obtain the ecological data after regulation, and conduct feedback analysis through the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model. If the soil carbon and nitrogen content does not reach the set target, dynamically adjust the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan according to the feedback results until the carbon-nitrogen cycle reaches the target range.

2. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: S11: Arrange the sensor network in a grid layout within the target farmland area to ensure that the collected ecological data is comprehensive and representative; S12: Arrange a soil temperature and humidity sensor at the center of each grid to collect soil temperature and soil moisture data in the grid, wherein the soil temperature and humidity sensor is buried 5 to 10 cm above the soil surface; S13: Install a light sensor in the middle of each grid to collect light intensity data of the farmland, wherein the light sensor is installed at a height of 20 to 30 cm above the crop canopy; S14: Arranging a soil carbon content sensor on the soil surface at the center of each grid to collect soil carbon content data, wherein the soil carbon content sensor is installed at the same depth as the soil temperature and humidity sensor; S15: burying a soil nitrogen content sensor in the center of each grid to collect soil nitrogen content data, wherein the soil nitrogen content sensor and the soil carbon content sensor are arranged at the same depth; S16: A microbial sampling device is arranged in each grid to regularly collect soil microbial sample data, and the microbial sampling device is installed in a shallow layer 5 to 8 cm from the ground surface.

3. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21: Based on the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure collected in S1, the initial parameter sets of the carbon cycle sub-model and the nitrogen cycle sub-model are established. The initial parameters of the carbon cycle sub-model include soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon, soil temperature and soil moisture; the initial parameters of the nitrogen cycle sub-model include soil nitrogen content, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil temperature and soil moisture data; S22: In the carbon cycle submodel, the carbon mineralization rate is calculated by a decomposition formula based on soil organic carbon content, soil temperature and soil moisture data. , the formula is: ,in, is the carbon mineralization rate constant, is the soil organic carbon content, is the temperature factor function, is the moisture factor function; S23: In the nitrogen cycle sub-model, the nitrogen conversion rate is calculated by nitrification and denitrification formulas based on soil nitrogen content, soil temperature and soil moisture data, where the nitrification rate and denitrification rate They are calculated by the following formulas: ； ;in, is the nitrification rate constant, is the denitrification rate constant, is the soil nitrogen content, and is the temperature factor function and the moisture factor function; S24: The carbon cycle submodel is linked to the nitrogen cycle submodel through parameter coupling. Specifically, the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass nitrogen is used as a coupling parameter to make the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process Nitrification rate during nitrogen transformation Denitrification rate Achieving a dynamic balance in microbial activities to build a carbon and nitrogen cycle regulation model; S25: Conduct preliminary verification of the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

4. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S24 specifically includes: S241: Based on the ecological data collected in S1, obtain microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, and calculate the ratio of the two as the coupling parameter , this ratio is used to reflect the relative proportion of carbon and nitrogen requirements during microbial growth; S242: Using coupling parameters in carbon mineralization Carbon mineralization rate The correction was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor To adjust the carbon mineralization rate to meet the microbial demand for carbon and nitrogen balance; S243: During the nitrogen conversion process, the nitrification rate and denitrification rate By coupling parameters Adjustment was made by introducing the microbial carbon-nitrogen ratio coupling effect factor To correct the nitrogen conversion rate so that the nitrogen conversion process is balanced with the carbon and nitrogen requirements of microorganisms; S244: Based on the adjusted corrected carbon mineralization rate, corrected nitrification rate and corrected denitrification rate, on the basis of the carbon and nitrogen demands of microorganisms, the carbon mineralization rate in the carbon mineralization process and the nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the nitrogen transformation process are made to reach a dynamic balance in microbial activities, thereby completing the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model.

5. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S25 specifically includes: S251: Based on the real-time ecological data collected by S1, the latest ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are input into the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the predicted values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate predicted by the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model; S252: Use the measured values ​​of carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate collected by sensors as the observation benchmark for verification of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, calculate the difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model to obtain the absolute error of each parameter, and record the error value for subsequent evaluation; S253: Based on the absolute error, calculate the relative error of the predicted value relative to the measured value, and express the relative error in percentage form; S254: Compare all relative errors with the preset allowable error range. If all relative errors are within the preset allowable error range, it means that the carbon-nitrogen cycle state is basically consistent with the actual data, confirming that the constructed carbon-nitrogen cycle control model parameters are valid; if any relative error exceeds the preset allowable error range, it is necessary to adjust the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model parameters and re-verify until the error output by the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model meets the requirements.

6. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31: Based on the carbon-nitrogen cycle regulation model, the carbon input and nitrogen input in the farmland area are obtained, where the carbon input includes the sum of carbon produced by organic fertilizer, straw return to the field and carbon mineralization, and the nitrogen input includes the sum of nitrogen released by nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen-fixing microbial activity and soil mineralization; assuming that the carbon input is , nitrogen input is ; S32: Calculate carbon output and nitrogen output, where carbon output includes the sum of crop absorption, soil respiration and carbon loss processes; nitrogen output includes the sum of crop absorption, denitrification, nitrogen volatilization and nitrogen loss processes; suppose carbon output is The nitrogen output is ; S33: Calculate the carbon balance of the farmland based on the carbon input, nitrogen input, carbon output and nitrogen output in S31 and S32 and nitrogen balance , respectively determined by the following formulas: ; , where the carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The positive or negative result is used to judge the current carbon and nitrogen status of the farmland. If the balance value is positive, it means that carbon or nitrogen is accumulating in the soil; if it is negative, it means that carbon or nitrogen is being lost. S34: Based on carbon balance value and nitrogen balance The size and positive and negative of the carbon-nitrogen cycle are used to comprehensively evaluate the health of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and determine whether the current soil is in an ideal carbon-nitrogen balance state; if and If the absolute values ​​of both are less than 10 kg / ha / year, carbon and nitrogen are considered to be in equilibrium; if the absolute value of any equilibrium value is greater than 20 kg / ha / year, it means that there is an imbalance in the carbon or nitrogen cycle and it needs to be adjusted through a carbon and nitrogen control plan.

7. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: S41: Based on the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis results in S3, determine the current state of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle. If the carbon or nitrogen balance value deviates from zero, corresponding regulation is required; if the carbon balance value is negative, it indicates soil carbon loss and the carbon source needs to be increased; if the nitrogen balance value is negative, it indicates nitrogen loss and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount needs to be adjusted; S42: Formulate the amount of carbon source to be added according to the carbon balance value result. When the carbon balance value is lower than the target balance value, add carbon source by returning straw to the field or adding organic fertilizer to increase the carbon content; S43: Optimizing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied according to the nitrogen balance value result, and increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to supplement nitrogen when the nitrogen balance value is lower than the target balance value; and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to reduce excess nitrogen when the nitrogen balance value is higher than the target balance value; S44: Formulate microbial control measures based on the soil microbial community structure. If the carbon-nitrogen cycle is unbalanced, carbon mineralization or nitrogen fixation will be promoted by inoculating microorganisms, including degrading bacteria that promote carbon mineralization and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; S45: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures in S42 to S44 to generate an overall carbon and nitrogen control plan to make the carbon and nitrogen input and output more balanced.

8. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S45 specifically includes: S451: According to the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount in S42 and the microbial control measures in S44, set the target balance value of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme, including the target carbon balance value and target nitrogen balance If the carbon balance value Carbon balance target The difference is less than Year, and nitrogen balance value Target nitrogen balance The difference is less than years, it indicates that carbon and nitrogen are in equilibrium; if the difference is greater than If the number of years exceeds the target value, it is considered to be deviated from the target value; S452: Integrate the carbon source addition amount, nitrogen fertilizer optimization amount and microbial control measures into a unified carbon-nitrogen control scheme parameter set; determine the ratio relationship between the carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial addition amount based on the results of the carbon-nitrogen balance analysis. The specific ratio relationship is determined by the following formula: ; ; ,in, , and are the weight coefficients of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, is the amount of carbon source added, Optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, The amount added for microbial regulation; S453: Allocate the integrated carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial control measures to each implementation step of the carbon and nitrogen control scheme in proportion to ensure that the use of each control resource meets the target carbon and nitrogen balance requirements; S454: Determine the final carbon and nitrogen regulation program parameter set, including the total amount and application frequency of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganisms.

9. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: S51: According to the nitrogen fertilizer application amount determined in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan formulated in S4, the required nitrogen fertilizer is divided into several equal amounts and applied in batches. The application time and frequency are selected according to the crop growth stage and the actual nitrogen content of the soil. When applying, the required nitrogen fertilizer type and application depth are calculated to make the nitrogen fertilizer evenly distributed in the crop root absorption area; S52: adding carbon source organic fertilizer or straw to the target farmland area according to the carbon source addition amount in the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan; S53: According to the soil microbial regulation requirements and the bacterial inoculation amount in the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, degrading bacteria or functional microorganisms are applied to the soil by mixing them in organic fertilizer or using liquid microbial agents; S54: Integrate the nitrogen fertilizer application, carbon source addition and microbial inoculation operations in S51 to S53, and execute them according to the various parameters of the carbon and nitrogen regulation plan to ensure that each operation can synergistically achieve the soil carbon and nitrogen balance goal.

10. The method for regulating farmland carbon and nitrogen cycle based on ecological model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 specifically includes: S61: After the implementation of the carbon and nitrogen regulation scheme in S5, the ecological data of soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content and microbial community structure are continuously monitored through the sensor network to obtain the latest ecological data. The monitoring frequency is at least once a week. S62: Input the ecological data obtained from monitoring into the carbon-nitrogen cycle control model, calculate the carbon mineralization rate, nitrification rate and denitrification rate after control, and compare and analyze them with the target carbon-nitrogen content set by the carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen cycle state reaches the set balance target, continue to maintain the current carbon-nitrogen control scheme; if the carbon-nitrogen content deviates from the target value, mark the relevant parameters as requiring adjustment; S63: Based on the feedback analysis results, the application amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is dynamically adjusted; if the carbon content is low, the amount of carbon source added is increased; if the nitrogen content is low, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased; if the microbial activity is insufficient, the amount of microbial inoculation is adjusted; the additional amount of carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microorganism is calculated according to the following formula: ; ,in, is the additional amount of carbon source, is the additional amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and is the target carbon and nitrogen content, and is the current carbon and nitrogen content, and is the conversion efficiency coefficient of carbon source and nitrogen fertilizer; S64: Update the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan according to the adjusted carbon source, nitrogen fertilizer and microbial inoculum, and implement corresponding adjustment measures, repeat the monitoring and feedback process from S61 to S63 until the carbon-nitrogen content reaches the set target range, and confirm the stability of the farmland carbon-nitrogen cycle and the effectiveness of the carbon-nitrogen regulation plan.

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