Water inflow monitoring device and monitoring method for karst tunnel

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to a water inflow monitoring device and method for a karst tunnel. The device comprises a base, the inner side of the base is fixedly connected with a shell, the bottom face of the inner side of the shell is provided with a coarse filter screen, the inner side of the shell is provided with an adjustable cleaning structure, and the top end of the shell is provided with a first electric control valve; a water inflow monitoring and alarming structure is arranged on one side of the shell, the lower portion of the water inflow monitoring and alarming structure communicates with the shell through a self-cleaning transmission channel, and a second electric control valve is arranged between the self-cleaning transmission channel and the water inflow monitoring and alarming structure; a water level monitoring head is arranged on the inner side of the shell, and the height of the water level monitoring head is flush with the bottom end of the second electric control valve; a controller and an alarm are fixedly connected to the top face of the shell. By means of the structure, the water inflow monitoring device for the karst tunnel can well achieve self-cleaning, avoids blocking, and meanwhile can detect the water inflow in real time and give an alarm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering monitoring equipment, and in particular relates to a water inflow monitoring device and a monitoring method for a karst tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the national economy, tunnels are increasingly needed while building infrastructure such as railways or roads. Since tunnels are usually built inside mountains, safety is always the top priority during tunnel construction. Therefore, at the beginning of tunnel construction, the water seepage inside the tunnel must be explored first. Only after the water inflow situation in the tunnel is understood can the subsequent processing and maintenance technical solutions of the tunnel be carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to design a karst tunnel water inflow monitoring device.

[0003] The existing water inflow monitoring device has the following defects during use: 1. The internal structure of the existing water inflow monitoring device is relatively simple, and during use, foreign impurities and silt will accumulate at the water inlet of the monitoring device, causing blockage and affecting the accuracy of detection. In the later stage, the operator is required to manually clear and clean it more frequently, thereby increasing the operator's work steps and reducing the practicality and convenience of using the device; 2. Due to the simple internal structure of the existing detection device, most of them can only monitor the water level, and most of them are not convenient for detecting and prompting the water level at the specified height in the first time, which will cause certain safety hazards, thereby reducing the flexibility and safety of the device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water inflow monitoring device and a monitoring method for a karst tunnel to solve the above-mentioned problems, achieve good self-cleaning, avoid blockage, and at the same time be able to perform real-time detection and alarm of water inflow.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel comprises: a base, a shell is fixedly connected to the inner side of the base, a coarse filter is provided on the inner bottom surface of the shell, a vibration exciter is fixedly connected to the middle top surface of the coarse filter, an adjustable cleaning structure for cleaning the coarse filter is provided on the inner side of the shell, and a first electric control valve is provided on the top of the shell;

[0007] A water inflow monitoring and alarm structure is provided on one side of the shell, the lower part of which is connected to the shell through a self-cleaning transmission channel, and a second electric control valve is provided between the self-cleaning transmission channel and the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure;

[0008] A water level monitoring head is provided on the inner side of the shell, and the height of the water level monitoring head is flush with the bottom end of the second electric control valve;

[0009] The top surface of the shell is fixedly connected with a controller and an alarm; the vibrator, the adjustable cleaning structure, the self-cleaning transmission channel, the water inflow monitoring alarm structure, the first electrically controlled valve, the second electrically controlled valve, and the water level monitoring head are electrically connected to the controller; and the controller is communicatively connected to an external computer.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustable cleaning structure comprises a driving part, the driving part comprises a square rod, the square rod is vertically arranged, the top end of the square rod is axially connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and the first motor is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the housing;

[0011] The outer sliding sleeve of the square rod is provided with a buffer brush head, and the buffer brush head is transmission-connected with a longitudinal moving structure, and the longitudinal moving structure is arranged on the inner side of the shell;

[0012] The first motor, the longitudinal moving structure and the controller are electrically connected.

[0013] Preferably, the buffer brush head comprises a slide seat, a square hole is formed inside the slide seat, the square hole is slidably connected to the square rod, and the longitudinal moving structure is transmission-connected to the slide seat;

[0014] One end of a second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding seat, the second connecting rod is L-shaped, the other end of the second connecting rod is axially connected to a sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve is vertically arranged, and a third connecting rod is connected to the inner side of the sliding sleeve with limited sliding connection, a buffer spring is provided between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod, and the end of the third connecting rod away from the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to a first brush.

[0015] Preferably, the longitudinal moving structure comprises a screw rod, the screw rod is vertically arranged, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing, the top end of the screw rod is axially connected to the output shaft of the second motor, and the second motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing;

[0016] One end of the first connecting rod is threadedly connected to the screw rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to a rotating ring, the rotating ring is sleeved on the outer side of the sliding seat, and the rotating ring is rotatably connected to the sliding seat;

[0017] The second motor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0018] Preferably, the self-cleaning transmission channel comprises a transmission pipe, the top end of the transmission pipe is connected to the first end of the second electric control valve, one side of the transmission pipe is fixedly connected to the shell, a fine filter is provided at the connection between the transmission pipe and the shell, and a fine filter cleaning structure for cleaning the fine filter is provided inside the transmission pipe;

[0019] The fine filter cleaning structure is electrically connected to the controller.

[0020] Preferably, the fine filter cleaning structure comprises a second brush, the second brush is vertically arranged, the second brush is arranged in contact with the fine filter, the bottom end of the second brush is axially connected to the output shaft of the third motor, and the third motor is fixedly connected to the inner side of the transmission tube;

[0021] The third motor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0022] Preferably, the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure comprises a monitoring tube, the monitoring tube is fixedly connected to the outer side of the housing, an observation glass window is provided on one side of the monitoring tube, and the bottom end of the monitoring tube is fixedly connected to one end of the second electric control valve;

[0023] The inner side of the monitoring tube is slidably connected with a floating ball and an adjustable mounting head structure in sequence from bottom to top, and the bottom end of the adjustable mounting head structure is fixedly connected with a detection head, and the detection head corresponds to the floating ball;

[0024] The detection head is electrically connected to the controller.

[0025] Preferably, the adjustable mounting head structure includes a magnetic sleeve, which is slidably connected to the inner side of the monitoring tube, the detection head is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic sleeve, an adjustment block is slidably connected to the outer side of the monitoring tube, and a docking magnet is provided on the side of the adjustment block close to the monitoring tube, and the docking magnet is magnetically adsorbed to the magnetic sleeve.

[0026] Preferably, a slide rail is provided on one side of the adjustment block close to the monitoring tube, a slide groove is provided on the outer side of the monitoring tube, and the slide rail is slidably connected to the slide groove.

[0027] A method for monitoring water inflow in a karst tunnel, based on a water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel, comprises:

[0028] S1. Inject a certain amount of oil into the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure;

[0029] S2, placing the base at the designated location;

[0030] S3, opening the first electrically controlled valve at the top of the housing through a controller to allow groundwater to enter the housing;

[0031] S4, after the water level monitoring head detects that the water level has reached a certain height, the controller opens the second electrically controlled valve to allow groundwater to enter the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure through the self-cleaning transmission channel for water inflow monitoring;

[0032] S5. After being used for a period of time, the controller controls the adjustable cleaning structure and the self-cleaning transmission channel to start, and cleans and dredges the inside of the device.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0034] By setting up a coarse filter, larger particles in the groundwater can be filtered out. By setting up an adjustable cleaning structure, when a lot of impurities adhere to the coarse filter, the adjustable cleaning structure can be lowered to brush the sides of the coarse filter to clear the blocked areas. In addition, the vibrator can also achieve a good impurity removal effect, and cooperate with the adjustable cleaning structure to achieve better cleaning of the coarse filter.

[0035] By setting up a water inflow monitoring and alarm structure, the water level of the water inflow can be detected in real time, and an alarm can be issued for the water level. By setting up a water level monitoring head, the water level can be detected, which can assist the normal operation of the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure. By setting up a self-cleaning transmission channel, while connecting the outer shell and the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure, it can also be further cleaned to avoid sludge blockage.

[0036] The device can be controlled by setting a controller, and the water level can be alarmed by setting an alarm.

[0037] By utilizing these structures, the device realizes a water inflow monitoring device for karst tunnels, which can realize self-cleaning well, avoid blockage, and can also perform real-time detection and alarm of water inflow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0039] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the device;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the device;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable cleaning structure;

[0042] Figure 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the device;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection head and adjustable mounting head structure in this device.

[0044] Figure numerals: 1, base; 2, shell; 3, adjustable cleaning structure; 4, self-cleaning transmission channel; 5, water inflow monitoring alarm structure; 6, first electric control valve; 7, second electric control valve; 8, controller; 9, alarm; 10, water level monitoring head; 11, groundwater; 12, oil; 201, coarse filter; 202, exciter; 301, drive unit; 302, longitudinal moving structure; 303, buffer brush head; 3011, square rod; 3012, first motor; 3021, screw; 3022, second motor; 3023, first connecting rod; 3024, Rotating ring; 3031, sliding seat; 3032, square hole; 3033, second connecting rod; 3034, sliding sleeve; 3035, buffer spring; 3036, third connecting rod; 3037, first brush; 401, transmission tube; 402, second brush; 403, third motor; 404, fine filter; 501, float; 502, detection head; 503, adjustable mounting head structure; 504, monitoring tube; 505, observation glass window; 507, slide groove; 5031, magnetic sleeve; 5032, adjustment block; 5033, slide rail; 5034, docking magnet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel, comprising: a base 1, a shell 2 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the base 1, a coarse filter 201 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the shell 2, a vibrator 202 is fixedly connected to the middle top surface of the coarse filter 201, an adjustable cleaning structure 3 for cleaning the coarse filter 201 is provided on the inner side of the shell 2, and a first electric control valve 6 is provided on the top of the shell 2;

[0048] A water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5 is provided on one side of the housing 2. The lower part of the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5 is connected to the housing 2 through a self-cleaning transmission channel 4. A second electric control valve 7 is provided between the self-cleaning transmission channel 4 and the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5.

[0049] A water level monitoring head 10 is provided inside the housing 2, and the height of the water level monitoring head 10 is flush with the bottom end of the second electric control valve 7;

[0050] The top surface of the shell 2 is fixedly connected with a controller 8, an alarm 9, a vibrator 202, an adjustable cleaning structure 3, a self-cleaning transmission channel 4, a water inflow monitoring alarm structure 5, a first electrically controlled valve 6, a second electrically controlled valve 7, and a water level monitoring head 10 which are electrically connected to the controller 8, and the controller 8 is communicatively connected to an external computer.

[0051] By setting up a coarse filter 201, larger particles of debris in groundwater can be filtered out. By setting up an adjustable cleaning structure 3, when a lot of impurities adhere to the coarse filter 201, the upper side of the coarse filter 201 can be brushed by lowering the adjustable cleaning structure 3, so as to make the blocked area unobstructed. In addition, the vibrator 202 can also achieve a good impurity removal effect, and cooperate with the adjustable cleaning structure 3 to achieve better cleaning of the coarse filter 201.

[0052] By setting up the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5, the water level of the water inflow can be detected in real time, and an alarm can be issued for the water level. By setting up the water level monitoring head 10, the water level can be detected, which can assist the normal operation of the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5. By setting up the self-cleaning transmission channel 4, while connecting the housing 2 and the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure 5, further cleaning can be performed to avoid sludge blockage.

[0053] The device can be controlled by setting a controller 8, and the water level can be alarmed by setting an alarm 9.

[0054] By utilizing these structures, the device realizes a water inflow monitoring device for karst tunnels, which can realize self-cleaning well, avoid blockage, and can also perform real-time detection and alarm of water inflow.

[0055] Further optimizing the scheme, the adjustable cleaning structure 3 includes a driving part 301, the driving part 301 includes a square rod 3011, the square rod 3011 is vertically arranged, the top end of the square rod 3011 is axially connected to the output shaft of the first motor 3012, and the first motor 3012 is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the housing 2;

[0056] The outer sliding sleeve of the square rod 3011 is provided with a buffer brush head 303, and the buffer brush head 303 is transmission-connected with a longitudinal moving structure 302, and the longitudinal moving structure 302 is provided on the inner side of the housing 2;

[0057] The first motor 3012 , the longitudinal moving structure 302 and the controller 8 are electrically connected.

[0058] According to a further optimized solution, the buffer brush head 303 includes a slide seat 3031, a square hole 3032 is provided inside the slide seat 3031, the square hole 3032 is slidably connected to the square rod 3011, and the longitudinal moving structure 302 is transmission-connected to the slide seat 3031;

[0059] One end of the second connecting rod 3033 is fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding seat 3031, and the second connecting rod 3033 is L-shaped. The other end of the second connecting rod 3033 is axially connected to a sliding sleeve 3034, and the sliding sleeve 3034 is vertically arranged. The third connecting rod 3036 is connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve 3034 in a limited sliding manner. A buffer spring 3035 is provided between the second connecting rod 3033 and the third connecting rod 3036, and the end of the third connecting rod 3036 away from the sliding sleeve 3034 is fixedly connected to the first brush 3037.

[0060] When the adjustable cleaning structure 3 is in operation, the square rod 3011 rotates, driving the slide seat 3031 to rotate as well, and the first brush 3037 continuously rubs against the top surface of the coarse filter 201, thereby achieving a good cleaning effect. The buffer spring 3035 is provided to allow the first brush 3037 to be closely attached to the coarse filter 201, thereby ensuring a good cleaning effect.

[0061] Further optimizing the scheme, the longitudinal moving structure 302 includes a screw rod 3021, the screw rod 3021 is vertically arranged, the screw rod 3021 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing 2, the top end of the screw rod 3021 is axially connected to the output shaft of the second motor 3022, and the second motor 3022 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 2;

[0062] One end of the first connecting rod 3023 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 3021, and the other end of the first connecting rod 3023 is fixedly connected to a rotating ring 3024, which is sleeved on the outside of the sliding seat 3031, and the rotating ring 3024 is rotatably connected to the sliding seat 3031;

[0063] The second motor 3022 is electrically connected to the controller 8 .

[0064] When the screw 3021 rotates, it can drive the rotating ring 3024 to move up and down, and then drive the sliding seat 3031 to move up and down. At this time, it can ensure that when cleaning is not needed, the first brush 3037 can be lifted up and away from the coarse filter 201, avoiding debris from adhering to the first brush 3037 and causing difficulties in subsequent cleaning.

[0065] Further optimizing the scheme, the self-cleaning transmission channel 4 includes a transmission pipe 401, the top of the transmission pipe 401 is connected to the first end of the second electric control valve 7, one side of the transmission pipe 401 is fixedly connected to the housing 2, a fine filter 404 is provided at the connection between the transmission pipe 401 and the housing 2, and a fine filter cleaning structure for cleaning the fine filter 404 is provided inside the transmission pipe 401;

[0066] The fine filter cleaning structure is electrically connected to the controller 8 .

[0067] Further optimized solution, the fine filter cleaning structure includes a second brush 402, the second brush 402 is vertically arranged, the second brush 402 is arranged in contact with the fine filter 404, the bottom end of the second brush 402 is axially connected to the output shaft of the third motor 403, and the third motor 403 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the transmission tube 401;

[0068] The third motor 403 is electrically connected to the controller 8 .

[0069] The second brush 402 can be used to clean one side of the fine filter 404, ensuring that the sludge does not adhere to the fine filter 404 and cause clogging of the fine filter 404.

[0070] Further optimizing the scheme, the water inflow monitoring alarm structure 5 includes a monitoring tube 504, the monitoring tube 504 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the housing 2, an observation glass window 505 is provided on one side of the monitoring tube 504, and the bottom end of the monitoring tube 504 is fixedly connected to one end of the second electric control valve 7;

[0071] The inner side of the monitoring tube 504 is slidably connected with a floating ball 501 and an adjustable mounting head structure 503 from bottom to top in sequence. The bottom end of the adjustable mounting head structure 503 is fixedly connected with a detection head 502, and the detection head 502 corresponds to the floating ball 501.

[0072] The detection head 502 is electrically connected to the controller 8 .

[0073] When the groundwater 11 enters the monitoring tube 504, it will push the float 501 up. The water level indicated by the float 501 is the current water level of the groundwater 11. When the amount of water flowing is too large, the float 501 rises and collides with the detection head 502, thereby notifying the alarm 9 to sound an alarm.

[0074] In order to prevent small sludge particles in the water from affecting the up and down movement of the float 501, a certain amount of oil 12 is injected into the monitoring tube 504 before use. The injection of oil 12 can float on the water surface, reduce the friction between the float 501 and the monitoring tube 504, and prevent the float 501 from contacting the groundwater 11 and being affected by sludge and other debris.

[0075] A further optimized solution is that the adjustable mounting head structure 503 includes a magnetic sleeve 5031, which is slidably connected to the inner side of the monitoring tube 504, the detection head 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic sleeve 5031, and an adjustment block 5032 is slidably connected to the outer side of the monitoring tube 504. A docking magnet 5034 is provided on the side of the adjustment block 5032 close to the monitoring tube 504, and the docking magnet 5034 is magnetically adsorbed to the magnetic sleeve 5031.

[0076] The user can adjust the height of the detection head 502 by manually adjusting the position of the adjustment block 5032 .

[0077] According to a further optimized solution, a slide rail 5033 is provided on one side of the adjustment block 5032 close to the monitoring tube 504 , a slide groove 507 is provided on the outer side of the monitoring tube 504 , and the slide rail 5033 is slidably connected to the slide groove 507 .

[0078] A method for monitoring water inflow in a karst tunnel, based on a water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel, comprises:

[0079] S1. Inject a certain amount of oil 12 into the monitoring tube 504 in the water inflow monitoring alarm structure 5. The oil 12 is preferably of a type with a density close to that of water to reduce errors caused by a smaller density of the oil 12.

[0080] S2, placing the base 1 at the designated position;

[0081] S3, opening the first electrically controlled valve 6 at the top of the housing 2 through the controller 8, so that the top of the housing 2 is ventilated, allowing the groundwater 11 to enter the housing 2;

[0082] S4, after the water level monitoring head 10 detects that the water level has reached a certain height, the controller 8 opens the second electric control valve 7 to allow the groundwater 11 to enter the water inflow monitoring alarm structure 5 for water inflow monitoring;

[0083] Specifically, the groundwater 11 first enters the transmission pipe 401 in the self-cleaning transmission channel 4, is filtered once by the fine filter 404, and then flows into the monitoring cylinder 504 through the second electric control valve 7, pushing the oil 12 to rise.

[0084] S5. After a period of use, the controller 8 controls the adjustable cleaning structure 3 and the self-cleaning transmission channel 4 to start cleaning and unblocking the inside of the device.

[0085] The cleaning process of the adjustable cleaning structure 3 is as follows: first, the second motor 3022 in the longitudinal moving structure 302 drives the screw 3021 to rotate, so that the first connecting rod 3023 moves downward, driving the slide 3031 to move downward, and when it moves to the specified position, the first brush 3037 abuts against the top surface of the coarse filter 201. At this time, the first motor 3012 rotates, driving the square rod 3011 to rotate, thereby driving the slide 3031 and the first brush 3037 to rotate, and cleaning the top surface of the coarse filter 201.

[0086] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0087] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel, characterized in that: include: A base (1), wherein the inner side of the base (1) is fixedly connected to a housing (2), the inner bottom surface of the housing (2) is provided with a coarse filter (201), the middle top surface of the coarse filter (201) is fixedly connected to an exciter (202), the inner side of the housing (2) is provided with an adjustable cleaning structure (3) for cleaning the coarse filter (201), and the top of the housing (2) is provided with a first electrically controlled valve (6); A water inflow monitoring and alarm structure (5) is provided on one side of the housing (2); the lower part of the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure (5) is connected to the housing (2) via a self-cleaning transmission channel (4); and a second electric control valve (7) is provided between the self-cleaning transmission channel (4) and the water inflow monitoring and alarm structure (5); A water level monitoring head (10) is provided on the inner side of the housing (2), and the height of the water level monitoring head (10) is flush with the bottom end of the second electric control valve (7); The top surface of the housing (2) is fixedly connected with a controller (8) and an alarm (9); the vibrator (202), the adjustable cleaning structure (3), the self-cleaning transmission channel (4), the water inflow monitoring alarm structure (5), the first electrically controlled valve (6), the second electrically controlled valve (7), and the water level monitoring head (10) are electrically connected to the controller (8); and the controller (8) is communicatively connected to an external computer.

2. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable cleaning structure (3) comprises a driving part (301), the driving part (301) comprises a square rod (3011), the square rod (3011) is arranged vertically, the top end of the square rod (3011) is axially connected to the output shaft of a first motor (3012), and the first motor (3012) is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the housing (2); The outer sliding sleeve of the square rod (3011) is provided with a buffer brush head (303), and the buffer brush head (303) is transmission-connected with a longitudinal moving structure (302), and the longitudinal moving structure (302) is arranged on the inner side of the shell (2); The first motor (3012), the longitudinal moving structure (302) and the controller (8) are electrically connected.

3. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer brush head (303) comprises a slide seat (3031), a square hole (3032) is provided inside the slide seat (3031), the square hole (3032) is slidably connected to the square rod (3011), and the longitudinal moving structure (302) is transmission-connected to the slide seat (3031); One end of a second connecting rod (3033) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding seat (3031), the second connecting rod (3033) is L-shaped, the other end of the second connecting rod (3033) is axially connected to a sliding sleeve (3034), the sliding sleeve (3034) is vertically arranged, and the inner side of the sliding sleeve (3034) is limitedly slidably connected to a third connecting rod (3036), a buffer spring (3035) is provided between the second connecting rod (3033) and the third connecting rod (3036), and the end of the third connecting rod (3036) away from the sliding sleeve (3034) is fixedly connected to a first brush (3037).

4. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal moving structure (302) comprises a screw rod (3021), the screw rod (3021) is vertically arranged, the screw rod (3021) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (2), the top end of the screw rod (3021) is axially connected to the output shaft of the second motor (3022), and the second motor (3022) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (2); One end of the first connecting rod (3023) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (3021), and the other end of the first connecting rod (3023) is fixedly connected to a rotating ring (3024), and the rotating ring (3024) is sleeved on the outside of the sliding seat (3031), and the rotating ring (3024) is rotatably connected to the sliding seat (3031); The second motor (3022) is electrically connected to the controller (8).

5. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-cleaning transmission channel (4) comprises a transmission pipe (401), the top end of the transmission pipe (401) is connected to the first end of the second electric control valve (7), one side of the transmission pipe (401) is fixedly connected to the housing (2), a fine filter (404) is provided at the connection point between the transmission pipe (401) and the housing (2), and a fine filter cleaning structure for cleaning the fine filter (404) is provided on the inner side of the transmission pipe (401); The fine filter cleaning structure is electrically connected to the controller (8).

6. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fine filter cleaning structure comprises a second brush (402), the second brush (402) is arranged vertically, the second brush (402) is arranged in contact with the fine filter (404), the bottom end of the second brush (402) is axially connected to the output shaft of the third motor (403), and the third motor (403) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the transmission tube (401); The third motor (403) is electrically connected to the controller (8).

7. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inflow monitoring and alarm structure (5) comprises a monitoring tube (504), the monitoring tube (504) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the housing (2), an observation glass window (505) is provided on one side of the monitoring tube (504), and the bottom end of the monitoring tube (504) is fixedly connected to one end of the second electric control valve (7); The inner side of the monitoring tube (504) is slidably connected with a floating ball (501) and an adjustable mounting head structure (503) in sequence from bottom to top, and a detection head (502) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjustable mounting head structure (503), and the detection head (502) corresponds to the floating ball (501); The detection head (502) is electrically connected to the controller (8).

8. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustable mounting head structure (503) comprises a magnetic sleeve (5031), wherein the magnetic sleeve (5031) is slidably connected to the inner side of the monitoring tube (504), the detection head (502) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic sleeve (5031), an adjustment block (5032) is slidably connected to the outer side of the monitoring tube (504), a docking magnet (5034) is provided on a side of the adjustment block (5032) close to the monitoring tube (504), and the docking magnet (5034) is magnetically adsorbed to the magnetic sleeve (5031).

9. The water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: A slide rail (5033) is provided on one side of the adjustment block (5032) close to the monitoring tube (504), a slide groove (507) is provided on the outer side of the monitoring tube (504), and the slide rail (5033) is slidably connected to the slide groove (507).

10. A method for monitoring water inflow in a karst tunnel, based on the water inflow monitoring device for a karst tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S1, injecting a certain amount of oil (12) into the water inflow monitoring alarm structure (5); S2, placing the base (1) at a designated position; S3, opening the first electrically controlled valve (6) at the top of the housing (2) through the controller (8) to allow the groundwater (11) to enter the housing (2); S4, after the water level monitoring head (10) detects that the water level has reached a certain height, the second electrically controlled valve (7) is opened through the controller (8), allowing the groundwater (11) to enter the water inflow monitoring alarm structure (5) through the self-cleaning transmission channel (4) to monitor the water inflow; S5. After a period of use, the controller (8) controls the adjustable cleaning structure (3) and the self-cleaning transmission channel (4) to start cleaning and unblocking the interior of the device.

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