Treatment method for preventing traceability erosion of ditch head

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method for preventing traceability erosion of a ditch head, and relates to the technical field of ecological treatment. Earth excavation is carried out, layer-by-layer slope cutting and order building treatment is carried out on the ditch slope from near to far away from the ditch head according to the preset gradient, and multiple stages of side slopes and multiple platforms are formed; earthwork backfilling is carried out, soil obtained after layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building treatment is stacked at the bottom of the ditch head, the soil stacked at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch channel, and the inclination angle between the ditch channel and the bottom of the ditch head ranges from 10 degrees to 15 degrees; soil covering and greening are conducted, soil covering is conducted on the channels, the multiple stages of side slopes and the multiple platforms through surface soil, multiple spruces are planted on the channels and the multiple platforms correspondingly, and high wheatgrass and ryegrass are sown on the slope surfaces of the multiple stages of side slopes in a mixed mode correspondingly; building a water retaining wall; and concealed pipes are arranged. In cooperation with water and soil conservation plant planting, the ditch bottom scour prevention and slope greening engineering is added, and a ditch head treatment mode integrating the landscape improvement function and the water and soil conservation function is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological governance technology, and in particular to a governance method for preventing gully head erosion. Background Art

[0002] The headwater erosion in the Loess Plateau is a landform formed by intermittent surface torrents. It usually appears on slopes with abundant rainfall and insufficient surface vegetation. These ditches gradually cut down and expand due to the violent impact of water flow, forming a U-shaped or V-shaped cross-section. The formation of headwater erosion gullies in the Loess Plateau not only leads to serious soil loss, but also cuts and eats away at cultivated land, blocks traffic, and hinders mechanical farming as the ditches continue to develop and expand, and increases river sediment, inducing mountain torrent geological disasters.

[0003] At present, in order to curb the development of erosion gullies, relevant technologies use reinforced cement or stone stacking to form a porous structure to block the fierce water flow. However, this method not only has a large amount of construction and high labor costs, but also causes serious damage to the original ecological landform, and has poor soil and water conservation effects. There are also bottleneck problems such as slow vegetation recovery in gully head management, short effectiveness of protective measures, and easy occurrence of landslides and collapses under extreme rainstorm conditions. It only treats the symptoms and not the root cause, and cannot achieve the ideal state. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a method for preventing gully head erosion, combining soil and water conservation plant planting, increasing gully bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, and forming a gully head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0005] The present application provides a method for preventing gully head erosion, comprising:

[0006] Step S1, topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area;

[0007] Step S2, excavation, according to the preset slope, the ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the near to the far distance of the ditch head, to form a multi-level slope and a multi-platform, the multi-level slope and the multi-platform correspond to each other one by one, the multi-level slope and the multi-platform are arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each slope is between 35° and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m;

[0008] Step S3, backfilling the soil, piling the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building process at the bottom of the ditch head, rolling the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees;

[0009] Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, the multi-level slopes and the multi-channel platforms with the topsoil, planting a plurality of spruce trees in the ditch and the multi-channel platforms, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surfaces of the multi-level slopes;

[0010] Step S5, building a retaining wall, constructing a plurality of retaining walls with trapezoidal earth sections at intervals at a distance of 5 m from the upstream direction of the side road of the ditch head, and compacting and filling the retaining walls with earth, wherein the bottom width of each retaining wall with trapezoidal earth sections is 3 m, the top width is 2 m, and the height is 1 m;

[0011] Step S6, laying concealed pipes, laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the multi-platform includes a first platform, a second platform and a top platform arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the multi-level slope includes a first slope, a second slope and a third slope corresponding to the first platform, the second platform and the top platform respectively, and the horizontal lengths of the bottom of the ditch head, the first platform, the second platform and the top platform are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the horizontal widths of the first-level side slope, the second-level side slope, and the third-level side slope are all 2.5 m.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the channel and each of the platforms is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, tall wheatgrass and ryegrass with a total mass of 60 kg are mixed on the slope surface of the plurality of slopes.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the concealed pipe adopts a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300 mm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are reflected in that gully erosion control is carried out through the following steps: topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the gully slope corresponding to the gully head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the gully slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; earth excavation, cutting the gully slope layer by layer from near to far from the gully head according to the preset slope, forming multi-level slopes and multi-platforms, the multi-level slopes and the multi-platforms correspond to each other one by one, the multi-level slopes and the multi-platforms are arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35 and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m; earth backfilling, the soil that has been subjected to the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping treatment The obtained soil is piled at the bottom of the ditch head, and the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; the soil is covered and greened, and the ditch, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms are covered with soil through topsoil, and multiple spruces are planted in the ditch and multi-platforms, and high ice grass and ryegrass are mixed on the slope of the multi-level slopes; a retaining wall is built, and multiple soil trapezoidal section retaining walls are built 5m upstream of the ditch head. The retaining wall is compacted and filled, and the bottom width of each soil trapezoidal section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m; concealed pipes are laid, and concealed pipes are laid in the middle of the ditch head. This management method set in this application, in conjunction with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, increases the ditch bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, forming a ditch head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 An elevation view corresponding to the method for preventing gully head erosion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 A plan view corresponding to the method for preventing gully head erosion provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] The bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120, the top platform 130, the first slope 140, the second slope 150, the third slope 160, and the side channel 170 of the ditch head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0026] In the description of this application, if there is a description of first or second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0027] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] The headwater erosion in the Loess Plateau is a landform formed by intermittent surface torrents. It usually appears on slopes with abundant rainfall and insufficient surface vegetation. These ditches gradually cut down and expand due to the violent impact of water flow, forming a U-shaped or V-shaped cross-section. The formation of headwater erosion gullies in the Loess Plateau not only leads to serious soil loss, but also cuts and eats away at cultivated land, blocks traffic, and hinders mechanical farming as the ditches continue to develop and expand, and increases river sediment, inducing mountain torrent geological disasters.

[0029] At present, in order to curb the development of erosion gullies, relevant technologies use reinforced cement or stone stacking to form a porous structure to block the fierce water flow. However, this method not only has a large amount of construction and high labor costs, but also causes serious damage to the original ecological landform, and has poor soil and water conservation effects. There are also bottleneck problems such as slow vegetation recovery in gully head management, short effectiveness of protective measures, and easy occurrence of landslides and collapses under extreme rainstorm conditions. It only treats the symptoms and not the root cause, and cannot achieve the ideal state.

[0030] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present application proposes a method for preventing gully head erosion. The embodiments of the present application are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Reference Figure 1The present application provides a method for preventing gully head erosion, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step S1, topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area.

[0033] It should be noted that by stripping the topsoil, the surface mature soil resources can be effectively protected from loss and waste, and the additional capital investment in external soil transfer during land reclamation can be reduced. The stripped topsoil can be used for land reclamation, the soil fertility is sufficient, and the crop yield is high.

[0034] Step S2, earth excavation, according to the preset slope, the ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the ditch head to the farthest, to form multi-level slopes and multiple platforms, the multi-level slopes and the multiple platforms correspond to each other one by one, the multi-level slopes and the multiple platforms are arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35 and 55 degrees, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m.

[0035] Step S3, backfilling, the soil obtained through the layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building process is piled at the bottom of the ditch head, and the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees.

[0036] Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, multi-level slopes and multi-level platforms with topsoil, planting a plurality of spruce trees on the ditch and the multi-level platforms, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surface of the multi-level slope.

[0037] It should be noted that by covering the soil with greenery, the growth rate of crops can be increased. Covering the soil can increase soil temperature, promote crop growth, reduce evaporation, retain moisture, and prevent soil desalination.

[0038] It should be noted that the mixed sowing of tall wheatgrass and ryegrass constitutes biodiversity and is conducive to the growth of these plants in the land.

[0039] In some embodiments, the spruce planted in the trenches and multi-passage platforms was 1.5 m tall spruce with a 30 cm soil ball.

[0040] Step S5, build a retaining wall. Construct multiple earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining walls at intervals 5m upstream of the side channel 170 of the ditch head, and compact and fill the retaining walls. The bottom width of each earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m.

[0041] It should be noted that by building a retaining wall and using compacted earth filling to intercept upstream water and prevent runoff from entering the ditch, the retaining wall with a trapezoidal cross-section is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, which can provide sufficient support for the wall and enhance the stability of the entire retaining wall.

[0042] In some embodiments, in steps S2 to S5, construction machinery such as loaders and excavators are used to excavate according to the designed slope. During the excavation process, excavation is carried out layer by layer from top to bottom and from near to far from the ditch head. The top level slope and platform are formed first, and then excavation is carried out to the designed depth in sequence. Rainfall should be avoided during excavation, and the excavation and filling project and slope greening should be completed as soon as possible to prevent rainfall from eroding the exposed slope and loose earth.

[0043] Step S6, laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

[0044] It should be noted that this application adopts a comprehensive management model of "solidifying ditches and protecting fields" through this method, adopts the ditch head management model of "slope cutting and downgrading" and "slope concealed pipe drainage", cooperates with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, increases ditch bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, and forms a ditch head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions. It can effectively prevent the further development of erosion gullies, reduce soil and water loss, and increase the ecological benefits of gully erosion management.

[0045] In the present application, gully erosion control is carried out through the following steps: topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the gully slope corresponding to the gully head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the gully slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; earth excavation, cutting the gully slope layer by layer from near to far from the gully head according to the preset slope, forming multi-level slopes and multi-platforms, the multi-level slopes and the multi-platforms correspond to each other one by one, the multi-level slopes and the multi-platforms are arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35 and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m; earth backfilling, the soil obtained after the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping treatment is Pile it at the bottom of the ditch head, roll the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; cover the ditch, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms with topsoil, plant multiple spruces in the ditch and multi-platforms, and mix tall ice grass and ryegrass on the slopes of the multi-level slopes; build a retaining wall, build multiple earth trapezoidal section retaining walls at intervals 5m upstream of the ditch head, and compact and fill the retaining walls. The bottom width of each earth trapezoidal section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m; lay concealed pipes, and lay concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head. This management method set in this application, in conjunction with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, increases the ditch bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, forming a ditch head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0046] It is understandable that referring to Figure 1 to Figure 2 The multi-platforms include a first platform 110, a second platform 120 and a top platform 130 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The multi-level slopes include a first level slope 140, a second level slope 150 and a third level slope 160 which correspond to the first platform 110, the second platform 120 and the top platform 130 respectively. The horizontal lengths of the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120 and the top platform 130 are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

[0047] It should be noted that the order in which the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120, the top platform 130, the first slope 140, the second slope 150 and the third slope 160 are arranged from bottom to top is: the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first slope 140, the first platform 110, the second slope 150, the second platform 120, the third slope 160 and the top platform 130.

[0048] For example, the gully head depth of a gully head traceable erosion gully in a loess area is between 7.5 and 10m, and the original slope above the gully head is about 2 to 5°. The trees and vegetation on the gully slope are cleared, and the soil on the terrace on the left side of the gully head is used for layered backfill and compaction, leaving a 1:1 slope. The slope after slope cutting is between 35 and 55°, and the slope cutting height is about half of the gully depth. The slope is cut to form a three-level slope, and a platform about 5m wide is set up between two adjacent slopes. Shrubs are planted on each platform, and grass seeds are sown on the slope between the two platforms to achieve soil covering and greening. The excavated earth from the slope cutting is pushed to the bottom of the gully head, and the slope of the ditch pile formed is between 10 and 15°. Multiple retaining walls with trapezoidal soil sections are combined to form a 30m long water wall, and the total length of the underground pipes used in the underground pipe drainage project is 42m.

[0049] It can be understood that the horizontal widths of the first-level side slope 140 , the second-level side slope 150 , and the third-level side slope 160 are all 2.5 m.

[0050] For example, in some embodiments, the upper bottom, lower bottom and height of the cross section of the gully head traceable erosion gully in the loess area are 10m, 20m and 22.5m respectively, the gully head depth is 7.5m, and a slope of about 2.5m width is set up on a platform every 5m. Each platform and the corresponding slope form a first-order surface. The calculation formula of the total earthwork volume is as follows: Total earthwork volume = (10+20)×22.5 / 2×7.5=2531.25 m3 The earthwork volume of each step is 2531.25m 3 / 2=1265.63m 3 The total excavation volume of the project is about 1265.63m 3 The total filling volume is about 1265.63m 3 The total amount of excavation and filling is about 2531.25m 3 .

[0051] It can be understood that the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the ditch and on each platform is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

[0052] In this embodiment, the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the ditch and each platform is 1.5m×2m. In other embodiments, other spacing between the spruce trees can also be set, not limited to the embodiment of the present application.

[0053] It can be understood that a total mass of 60 kg of tall wheatgrass and ryegrass was mixed on the slopes of multiple slopes.

[0054] It should be noted that after covering with soil, the loose soil is not only conducive to the growth of vegetation on the covering layer, but also has good water permeability, ensuring that the covering layer is not easily washed away by water. The vegetation layer can utilize the well-developed root system of plants to play a good role in soil consolidation, drainage and erosion prevention, which is conducive to the restoration of the ecosystem.

[0055] It can be understood that the concealed pipe adopts a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300mm.

[0056] In some embodiments, a double-walled corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300 mm is laid at the center of the bottom of the erosion gully, from the head of the erosion gully to the end of the gully, and water guide holes with a diameter of 3 mm and a spacing of 5 cm are drilled in the upper half of the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe to collect rainwater and guide it to the drainage system.

[0057] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0058] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing gully head erosion, characterized in that: include: Step S1, topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; Step S2, excavation, according to the preset slope, the ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the near to the far distance of the ditch head, to form a multi-level slope and a multi-platform, the multi-level slope and the multi-platform correspond to each other one by one, the multi-level slope and the multi-platform are arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each slope is between 35° and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m; Step S3, backfilling the soil, piling the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building process at the bottom of the ditch head, rolling the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, the multi-level slopes and the multi-channel platforms with the topsoil, planting a plurality of spruce trees in the ditch and the multi-channel platforms, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surfaces of the multi-level slopes; Step S5, building a retaining wall, constructing a plurality of retaining walls with trapezoidal earth sections at intervals at a distance of 5 m from the upstream direction of the side road of the ditch head, and compacting and filling the retaining walls with earth, wherein the bottom width of each retaining wall with trapezoidal earth sections is 3 m, the top width is 2 m, and the height is 1 m; Step S6, laying concealed pipes, laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

2. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-platforms include a first platform, a second platform and a top platform which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the multi-level slopes include a first slope, a second slope and a third slope which correspond to the first platform, the second platform and the top platform respectively. The horizontal lengths of the bottom of the ditch head, the first platform, the second platform and the top platform are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

3. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal widths of the first-level side slope, the second-level side slope and the third-level side slope are all 2.5 m.

4. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the ditch and each of the platforms is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

5. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Tall wheatgrass and ryegrass with a total mass of 60 kg are mixed on the slope surfaces of the plurality of side slopes.

6. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concealed pipe adopts a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300mm.

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