Firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission synergistic power generation device and power generation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission synergistic power generation device and method. The power generation device includes a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system, and other accessories. The fission-fusion reaction system includes a neutron gun, fuel spheres, a fuel sphere storage and delivery device, and a vacuum reactor. The circulating cooling system includes a circulating fan, a voltage regulator, a steam turbine, a steam generator, delivery pipelines, and a water pump. Other accessories include an energy storage and control system and a vacuum pump. This invention innovatively integrates the start-up mechanism, drawing on the firecracker-style multi-reactor relay concept, combining nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. It utilizes the high temperature and pressure generated by nuclear fission to start nuclear fusion, reducing start-up difficulty and cost. Simultaneously, it efficiently converts and utilizes energy, employing helium for heat transfer. Helium's high thermal conductivity, low density, high specific heat capacity, and chemical inertness allow it to effectively carry away the heat stored in the phase change microspheres, comprehensively collecting and converting nuclear reaction heat energy, thus improving energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion technology, specifically to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation power generation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of an accelerated global energy structure transformation, traditional fossil fuels, with their limited reserves and environmental hazards, are insufficient to meet the demands of sustainable development. Therefore, developing clean, efficient, and sustainable new energy sources has become a top priority in the global energy sector. Nuclear energy has garnered significant attention due to its high energy density and low carbon emissions. Nuclear fusion energy holds immense potential within the nuclear energy spectrum, with its fuel, deuterium, found in virtually unlimited quantities in seawater, potentially providing a guarantee for global energy supply. Moreover, nuclear fusion produces less radioactive waste than nuclear fission, exhibiting superior environmental friendliness and safety, thus attracting considerable attention and in-depth research from the global scientific and industrial communities.

[0003] However, achieving controlled nuclear fusion and converting it into a commercially viable energy technology still faces numerous complex and formidable technical challenges: 1. Extreme reaction conditions, requiring extremely high temperatures and pressures, which are difficult to maintain with existing materials technology, and conventional materials are prone to failure; 2. Poor energy input and coupling, resulting in high start-up energy consumption and low efficiency, and complex and costly technology; 3. Difficulty in controlling plasma stability, which can easily lead to instability and reaction interruption, requiring breakthroughs in control technology; 4. Material durability is severely tested, with strong radiation causing internal structural damage and performance degradation, while thermal stress can cause surface cracks and deformation, posing significant challenges to material performance and structural design; 5. Low energy conversion efficiency, with various energy losses, far below economic feasibility requirements, necessitating optimization of technology and systems.

[0004] High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), as an advanced nuclear reactor technology, use helium as a coolant. Helium possesses characteristics such as chemical inertness, good high-temperature stability, and excellent heat transfer properties. Its fuel is fully ceramic-coated pellet fuel, which can effectively contain radioactive fission products. The core outlet temperature can reach 800℃, achieving high thermoelectric conversion efficiency. It has enormous potential in the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, such as for high-temperature process heat supply and hydrogen production. The ease of initiation of nuclear fission and the ability to rapidly generate a high-temperature, high-pressure environment help overcome the high energy input barriers and technical complexity of traditional nuclear fusion initiation, reducing the difficulty and cost of initiation.

[0005] The "firecracker-style" controlled nuclear fusion principle, through innovative system architecture design, such as employing a multi-reactor relay operation mechanism and flywheel energy storage control technology, aims to address some of the problems existing in traditional controlled nuclear fusion technology regarding the continuity and stability of energy output and the durability of the device. Specifically, its relay operation mode, where multiple reactors trigger fusion reactions sequentially according to a predetermined sequence, can alleviate the intermittent and fluctuating energy output caused by the limited duration of a single reactor reaction, achieving a relatively more continuous and stable energy production. Simultaneously, by utilizing a flywheel energy storage device to control and store the pulsed energy output during the nuclear fusion reaction process in real time, it effectively achieves peak shaving and valley filling of energy, improving the overall system's energy management and utilization efficiency, and providing a new approach and direction for exploring the feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion technology in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the challenges of achieving continuous power supply and net energy output gain in controlled nuclear fusion technology by proposing a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device and method.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device, comprising a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system, and other accessories. The fission-fusion reaction system includes a neutron gun, fuel spheres, a fuel sphere storage and delivery device, and a vacuum reactor. The circulating cooling system includes a circulating fan, a pressure regulator, a steam turbine, a steam generator, delivery pipelines, and a water pump. The other accessories include an energy storage and control system and a vacuum pump.

[0008] The fuel sphere of this invention, a firecracker-shaped controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device, has an outermost neutron-transmitting shell and a core of solid nuclear fission fuel. Columnar support material is uniformly distributed between the fission fuel and the neutron-transmitting shell, forming a thin layer between them. The neutron-transmitting shell has a nuclear fusion fuel injection port, through which nuclear fusion fuel, a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixture, is injected into the formed thin layer. The nuclear fusion fuel is under ultra-high pressure between the fission fuel and the neutron-transmitting shell. Materials for the fission fuel include, but are not limited to, uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide, and plutonium-239. The neutron-transmitting shell allows high-energy neutrons to pass through and trigger the nuclear fission reaction. The neutron-transmitting shell needs to withstand a high-temperature, high-pressure environment; materials for the neutron-transmitting shell include, but are not limited to, zirconium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and tungsten-based alloys.

[0009] The nuclear fission fuel is formed using powder metallurgy and other processes. A columnar support material is evenly distributed and tightly bonded around the nuclear fission fuel through welding and other methods. A neutron-transmitting shell with a nuclear fusion fuel injection port is fabricated using casting and other processes. First, the neutron-transmitting shell is cast into two hemispheres, and then the two hemispheres are welded to the columnar support material. Optionally, the two hemispheres are welded using a full penetration weld. Optionally, a locking structure can be provided at the weld between the two hemispheres of the neutron-transmitting shell. The two hemispheres are mechanically locked together, and then welded at the bevel. The locking structure includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical locking structure or a conical locking structure. This locking structure facilitates the positioning of the hemispheres during welding and allows for a more uniform force distribution when the spherical neutron-transmitting layer is subjected to internal pressure, enhancing the structural stability of the container. A high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixture is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port. After the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixture is injected to ultra-high pressure, it is sealed. The sealing method includes, but is not limited to, high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the airtightness of the fuel sphere should be checked.

[0010] This invention relates to a fuel sphere storage and delivery device for a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device. The device stores fuel spheres, and after one fuel sphere has completed its reaction, a new fuel sphere is periodically added to the vacuum reactor. The fuel sphere release frequency is set according to the reaction frequency; fuel spheres can be released by gravity or mechanically added from top to bottom. When a fuel sphere reaches the center of the vacuum reactor, neutrons emitted from a neutron gun bombard it. The fission fuel inside the sphere absorbs the neutrons and undergoes a nuclear fission reaction, which is a chain reaction that can spontaneously continue. The high temperature generated by the fission reaction rapidly heats the fusion fuel. Simultaneously, the high-energy neutrons and high-energy rays generated by the fission reaction assist in compressing and heating the fusion fuel. Under high temperature and pressure conditions, the fusion fuel undergoes a fusion reaction and releases a large amount of energy. The high temperature rapidly turns the fuel sphere into plasma. The plasma is confined by a magnetic field and moves within the magnetic field region, releasing heat outward through radiation. Subsequently, the next fuel sphere is added to the vacuum reactor. The high-temperature environment generated by the already reacted fuel spheres helps preheat the next fuel sphere.

[0011] The vacuum reactor of this invention's firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device is spherical. The first wall of the vacuum reactor is made of a high-temperature resistant material, including but not limited to tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys. The inner wall of the vacuum reactor is lined with a tritium breeding blanket. The tritium breeding blanket material includes, but is not limited to, lithium sulfate, lithium silicate, lithium titanate, lithium carbonate, and lithium-lead alloys. The tritium breeding blanket absorbs high-energy neutrons to generate tritium to sustain the nuclear fusion reaction. During the reaction, some of the high-energy neutrons generated are absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and some are reflected to excite the nuclear fission reaction.

[0012] The vacuum reactor described above has upper and lower superconducting coils closely arranged at its upper and lower ends, respectively. These coils are maintained in a superconducting state using a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen cooling system. Magnetic confinement reduces the frequency and area of ​​direct contact between the high-temperature plasma and the reactor wall, thereby lowering the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the reactor materials and extending the lifespan of the spherical cavity. Magnetic confinement methods in nuclear fusion aim to achieve continuous and stable nuclear fusion reactions by using magnetic fields to trap high-temperature plasma. Tokamas utilize a combination of toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields to confine plasma within a toroidal vacuum chamber, effectively reducing particle leakage and maintaining a high-temperature, high-density plasma state. Stellarators rely on the three-dimensional tortuous magnetic field shape generated by external coils to confine plasma. Magnetic mirrors, as one type of magnetic confinement method, have a non-uniform magnetic field distribution along the axial direction, with high magnetic field strength at both ends and weaker in the middle. When charged particles move along the axial direction into the strong magnetic field region, their axial velocity changes, thus achieving confinement. Compared to tokamas and stellarators, magnetic mirrors have the significant advantage of a relatively simple structure and higher confinement efficiency for particles with high velocities perpendicular to the magnetic field direction.

[0013] The fuel ball inlet at the top of the vacuum reactor is vacuum-sealed using a magnetohydrodynamic seal. A waste collection area is located directly below the vacuum reactor. After the reaction is complete, the cooled waste is promptly discharged through the waste gas outlet in the waste collection area using a vacuum pump. The outer layer of the first wall of the vacuum reactor is a phase change material layer, within which are phase change microspheres, purged with helium gas. Helium has excellent thermal conductivity, enabling efficient heat transfer; its low density reduces equipment pressure load; its high specific heat capacity allows for stable heat absorption; it is chemically inert, does not corrode equipment, and has high purity with no impurities. During power generation, it effectively improves equipment operating efficiency, safety, and lifespan, while reducing resource consumption and environmental impact. The phase change microspheres consist of a phase change core material and a wall material. The wall material encapsulates the phase change core material. Optional phase change core materials include, but are not limited to, lithium carbonate, silicon carbide, and lithium fluoride. Optional wall material materials include, but are not limited to, silicon dioxide and alumina.

[0014] Cryogenic helium enters the phase change material (PCM) layer, exchanges heat with the PCM microspheres, and exits through the outlet after its temperature rises. The helium outlet temperature does not exceed 800℃. After leaving the PCM layer, the helium enters a circulating fan, which provides power for the helium circulation, driving the helium to flow between the vacuum reactor and steam generator, overcoming system resistance and ensuring that heat is smoothly transferred from the PCM layer to the steam generator, thus ensuring the stable operation of the entire system. A pressure regulator in the pipeline precisely monitors helium pressure changes. When the pressure increases due to factors such as fluctuations in vacuum reactor power or changes in flow rate, helium is released; when the pressure decreases, helium is added to increase the pressure, thereby stabilizing the helium pressure within a suitable range. High-temperature helium passes through the steam generator, rapidly heating the water within it. After leaving the steam generator, the helium re-enters the PCM layer to form a cycle. High-temperature steam is generated in the steam generator and transported to a steam turbine for power generation. After passing through an energy storage and control system, part of the electricity is supplied to users, and part is used for the device's own power consumption.

[0015] At least two neutron guns are equidistantly positioned outside the vacuum reactor. Each neutron gun contains a radio frequency ion source (a device capable of generating an ion beam, which generates a high-energy particle beam through a radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit). This ion source employs a highly stable radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit, capable of generating a radio frequency signal with precisely adjustable frequency and stable power, exciting the generation of a high-energy particle beam inside the ion source. The high-energy particle beam is accelerated by a multi-stage accelerating electric field and bombards the target material to produce high-energy neutrons. The neutron guns are aimed at the center of the vacuum reactor, and neutron injection ports are uniformly arranged on the walls of the vacuum reactor. The neutron guns emit high-energy neutrons towards the center of the vacuum reactor through the neutron injection ports at a predetermined frequency.

[0016] The firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device of the present invention includes at least two fission-fusion reaction systems. Each fission-fusion reaction system is equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system generates a large amount of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor approaches the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes reaction waste and cools down through the vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, removes waste, and cools down. The first fission-fusion reaction system then reacts again, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and with efficient energy utilization.

[0017] The main technical principle and power generation method of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation device of this invention include:

[0018] Step 1: Use a water pump to add distilled water from the storage tank to the steam generator, and inject helium into the phase change material layer;

[0019] Step 2: Use a vacuum pump to extract the gas from the vacuum reactor to ensure a high vacuum level, and then energize the upper and lower superconducting magnets to generate a non-uniform magnetic field inside the vacuum reactor.

[0020] Step 3: Using the fuel sphere storage and delivery device, a fuel sphere is dropped into the vacuum reactor. At the same time, the neutron gun is activated to fire high-energy neutrons at the center of the sphere in the vacuum reactor. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel sphere that falls to the center and excite the nuclear fission fuel inside the fuel sphere to undergo a nuclear fission reaction.

[0021] Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction generates a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the conditions for nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion fuel undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel sphere into high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is confined by a magnetic field and is located at the center of the vacuum reactor. Some of the high-energy neutrons produced by the reaction are absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and some are reflected to excite the nuclear fission reaction.

[0022] Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward, and the heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres and transferred to the helium gas. After the high-temperature helium gas is output, it transfers heat to the cooling water in the steam generator and generates high-temperature steam for steam turbine power generation. The generated electrical energy is processed by the energy storage and control system, part of which is used to supply users, part of which is used to power the device itself, and part of which is stored.

[0023] Step 6: Continue adding fuel balls to the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball can be used to preheat this fuel ball. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a large amount of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor approaches the upper limit of the material's tolerance, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react according to steps one through five. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes reaction waste and cools down using a vacuum pump.

[0024] Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, and steps one through six are repeated to achieve continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and with efficient energy utilization.

[0025] This invention relates to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation device and method, which has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. Innovative fusion start-up mechanism: Drawing on the firecracker-style multi-reactor relay concept, it integrates nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, utilizing the high temperature and high pressure generated by nuclear fission to start nuclear fusion, reducing start-up difficulty and cost; 2. High-efficiency energy conversion and utilization: Utilizing helium for heat transfer, helium's high thermal conductivity, low density, high specific heat capacity, and chemical inertness enable it to effectively carry away the heat stored in the phase change microspheres, comprehensively collecting and converting nuclear reaction heat energy, thus improving energy conversion efficiency; 3. Precise plasma control and device life extension: Employing magnetic field confinement simplifies the magnetic field while stably controlling high-temperature plasma, reducing internal wall damage, extending device life, improving safety, and reducing maintenance costs; 4. Stable system operation guarantee: Referring to the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion multi-reactor relay principle, multiple fission-fusion reaction systems operate alternately, ensuring long-term efficient system operation, improving power supply stability, and reducing downtime losses. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a top view of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a left view of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention. The sectional view is... Figure 2 AA is shown.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention. The sectional view is... Figure 3 BB is shown.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fuel sphere of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the phase change microspheres of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the locking structure of the fuel ball in the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation device of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation method of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1—Steam turbine; 2—Circulating fan; 3—Fuel sphere storage and delivery device; 4—Vacuum reactor; 5—Water pump; 6—Steam generator; 7—Neutron gun; 8—Taper regulator; 9—Transmission pipeline; 10—Water tank; 11—Vacuum pump; 12—Energy storage and control system; 13—Fuel sphere; 14—Phase change microsphere; 210—First fission-fusion reaction system; 211—Second fission-fusion reaction system; 401—Helium outlet; 402—Tribium breeder blanket; 403—Upper superconducting coil; 404—First wall; 4 05—Lower superconducting coil; 406—Waste gas outlet; 407—Reaction waste collection area; 408—Helium inlet; 409—Phase change material layer; 410—Neutron injection port; 601—Helium channel; 131—Neutron transmission shell; 132—Nuclear fission fuel; 133—Support material; 134—Nuclear fusion fuel injection port; 135—Nuclear fusion fuel; 141—Phase change core material; 142—Wall material; 1301—Bevel; 1302—Locking structure; 1321—Spherical locking structure; 1322—Conical locking structure. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments based on the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This invention relates to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission synergistic power generation device, comprising a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system, and other accessories, such as... Figure 1-7 As shown.

[0039] The fission-fusion reaction system includes a neutron gun 7, a fuel sphere 13, a fuel sphere storage and delivery device 3, and a vacuum reactor 4.

[0040] The circulating cooling system includes a circulating fan 2, a pressure stabilizer 8, a steam turbine 1, a steam generator 6, a conveying pipeline 9, and a water pump 5.

[0041] The other accessories include the energy storage and control system 12 and the vacuum pump 11.

[0042] The fuel ball 13 of the firecracker-shaped controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention, as shown in... Figure 7As shown, the outermost layer is a neutron-transmitting shell 131, and the center is solid nuclear fission fuel 132. Columnar support material 133 is uniformly distributed between the nuclear fission fuel 132 and the neutron-transmitting shell 131, forming a thin layer between them. The neutron-transmitting shell 131 of the fuel sphere 13 has a nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134. Nuclear fusion fuel 135, a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixture, is injected into the formed thin layer through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134. The nuclear fusion fuel 135 is under ultra-high pressure between the nuclear fission fuel 132 and the neutron-transmitting shell 131. The materials used for the nuclear fission fuel 132 include, but are not limited to, uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide, and plutonium-239. The neutron transmission shell 131 allows high-energy neutrons to pass through and excite nuclear fission reactions. The materials of the neutron transmission shell 131 include, but are not limited to, zirconium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and tungsten-based alloys.

[0043] The nuclear fission fuel 132 is formed through processes such as powder metallurgy. A columnar support material 133 is evenly distributed and tightly bonded around the nuclear fission fuel 132 via welding or other methods. A neutron-transmitting shell 131 with a nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134 is fabricated using casting or other processes. First, the neutron-transmitting shell 131 is cast in two hemispheres. Then, the two hemispheres of the neutron-transmitting shell 131 are welded to the columnar support material 133 and to the spaces between the two hemispheres. Optionally, the two hemispheres are welded using a full penetration method; alternatively, a locking structure can be provided at the weld seam between the two hemispheres of the neutron-transmitting shell 131. A high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134. After the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected to ultra-high pressure, it is sealed. Sealing methods include, but are not limited to, high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the gas tightness of the fuel sphere should be checked.

[0044] The locking structure 1302 of the fuel sphere in the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention, as shown in... Figure 9 As shown, the two hemispheres are locked together by a combination of mechanical forces and then welded at the bevel 1301. The locking structure includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical locking structure 1321 or a conical locking structure 1322.

[0045] The fuel sphere storage and delivery device 3 of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation power generation device of the present invention, such as... Figure 3As shown, the fuel sphere storage and delivery device 3 is located directly above the vacuum reactor 4 and is used to store fuel spheres 13. After one fuel sphere 13 has completed its reaction, a new fuel sphere 13 is periodically added to the vacuum reactor 4. The release frequency of the fuel sphere 13 is set according to the reaction frequency. The fuel spheres can be released by gravity or mechanically added from top to bottom. When the fuel sphere 13 moves to the center of the vacuum reactor 4, neutrons emitted by the neutron gun 7 bombard the fuel sphere. The nuclear fission fuel 132 inside the fuel sphere 13 absorbs neutrons and undergoes a nuclear fission reaction. The reaction is a chain reaction that can spontaneously continue. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fission reaction rapidly heats the nuclear fusion fuel 135. At the same time, the high-energy neutrons and high-energy rays generated by the fission reaction assist in compressing and heating the nuclear fusion fuel 135. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the nuclear fusion fuel 135 undergoes a fusion reaction and releases a large amount of energy. The high temperature causes the fuel sphere 13 to rapidly turn into plasma. The plasma is confined by a magnetic field and moves within the magnetic field region, releasing heat outward through radiation. The next fuel ball 13 is then introduced into the vacuum reactor 4. The high-temperature environment generated by the already reacted fuel ball 13 can help preheat the next fuel ball 13.

[0046] Invent a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and fission co-generation power generation device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the vacuum reactor 4 is spherical. The first wall of the vacuum reactor 4 is made of a high-temperature resistant material, including but not limited to tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys. The inner wall of the vacuum reactor 4 is lined with a tritium breeding blanket 402. The materials of the tritium breeding blanket 402 include but are not limited to lithium sulfate, lithium silicate, lithium titanate, lithium carbonate, and lithium-lead alloys. The tritium breeding blanket 402 can generate tritium by absorbing high-energy neutrons to sustain the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0047] The upper superconducting coil 403 and the lower superconducting coil 405 are respectively closely arranged at the upper and lower ends of the external exterior of the vacuum reactor 4. The upper superconducting coil 403 and the lower superconducting coil 405 are maintained in a superconducting state using a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen mixed cooling system. By utilizing the magnetic confinement effect generated by the coils, the frequency and contact area of ​​direct contact between the high-temperature plasma and the wall of the vacuum reactor 4 are reduced, thereby significantly reducing the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the materials of the vacuum reactor 4 and extending the service life of the vacuum reactor 4.

[0048] The connection between the vacuum reactor 4 and the fuel ball storage and delivery device 3 is achieved through a magnetohydrodynamic seal. Below the vacuum reactor 4 is a reaction waste collection area 407. After the reaction is completed, the cooled reaction waste is promptly discharged from the exhaust port 406 using a vacuum pump 11. The outer surface of the first wall 404 of the vacuum reactor 4 is a phase change material layer 409, containing phase change microspheres 14, which are purged with helium gas. Helium has excellent thermal conductivity, enabling efficient heat transfer. Its low density reduces equipment pressure load, high specific heat capacity allows for stable heat absorption, and its chemical inertness prevents equipment corrosion. Furthermore, its high purity eliminates impurities, effectively improving equipment operating efficiency, safety, and service life during power generation, while reducing resource consumption and environmental impact.

[0049] The phase change microspheres 14 of the firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device of this invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, it consists of a phase change core material 141 and a wall material 142. The wall material 142 encapsulates the phase change core material 141. The optional phase change core material 141 includes, but is not limited to, lithium carbonate, silicon carbide, and lithium fluoride. The optional wall material 142 includes, but is not limited to, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

[0050] This invention relates to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, low-temperature helium enters the phase change material layer 409, exchanges heat with the phase change microspheres 14, and exits from the helium outlet 401 after its temperature rises. The helium outlet temperature does not exceed 800℃. After leaving the phase change material layer 409, the helium enters the circulating fan 2, which provides power for the helium circulation, driving the helium to flow between the vacuum reactor 4 and the steam generator 6, overcoming system resistance and ensuring that heat is smoothly transferred from the vacuum reactor 4 to the steam generator 6, ensuring the stable operation of the entire system. A pressure regulator 7 is present in the pipeline. The pressure regulator 7 precisely monitors changes in helium pressure. When the pressure increases due to factors such as power fluctuations or changes in flow rate of the vacuum reactor 4, it releases helium; when the pressure decreases, it replenishes or increases the pressure, thereby stabilizing the helium pressure within a suitable range. The high-temperature helium passes through the steam generator 6 and through the helium channel 601, rapidly heating the water in the steam generator 6. After leaving the steam generator 6, the helium re-enters the phase change material layer 409 to form a cycle. High-temperature steam is generated in the steam generator 6 and transported to the steam turbine 1 for power generation. After passing through the energy storage and control system 12, part of the electrical energy is output to users and part is used for the power consumption of the device itself.

[0051] This invention relates to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device, such as... Figure 4As shown, at least two neutron guns 7 are equidistantly arranged outside the vacuum reactor 4. Each neutron gun 7 contains a radio frequency ion source, which employs a highly stable radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit to generate a radio frequency signal with precisely adjustable frequency and stable power. This signal excites the ion source to generate a high-energy particle beam. The high-energy particle beam is accelerated by a multi-stage accelerating electric field and bombards the target material to produce high-energy neutrons. The neutron guns 7 are aligned with the center of the vacuum reactor 4. Neutron inlet ports 410 are uniformly arranged on the wall of the vacuum reactor 4. The neutron guns 7 emit high-energy neutrons towards the center of the vacuum reactor 4 through the neutron inlet ports 410 at a predetermined frequency.

[0052] This invention relates to a firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes at least two fission-fusion reaction systems. Each fission-fusion reaction system is equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump 11. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 generates a large amount of reaction waste or the inner wall temperature of the vacuum reactor 4 approaches the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 uses the stored electrical energy to carry out the reaction. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 stops the reaction and removes the reaction waste and cools down through the vacuum pump 11. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 meets the conditions for carrying out the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 stops the reaction, removes the waste, and cools down. The first fission-fusion reaction system 210 then carries out the reaction again, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

[0053] This invention relates to a method for co-generating controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission in a firecracker-like manner, such as... Figure 10 As shown, its main technical principles, i.e., power generation methods, include:

[0054] Step 1: Use water pump 5 to add distilled water from water tank 10 to steam generator 6, and inject helium into phase change material layer 409;

[0055] Step 2: Use vacuum pump 11 to extract the gas from vacuum reactor 4 to ensure a high vacuum level, and energize the upper superconducting coil 403 and the lower superconducting coil 405 to generate a non-uniform magnetic field inside vacuum reactor 4.

[0056] Step 3: Using the fuel ball storage and delivery device 3, a fuel ball 13 is put into the vacuum reactor 4. At the same time, the neutron gun 7 is activated and high-energy neutrons are emitted towards the center of the ball in the vacuum reactor 4. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel ball 13 that falls to the center and stimulate the nuclear fission fuel 132 inside the fuel ball 13 to undergo a nuclear fission reaction.

[0057] Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction generates a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the conditions for nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion fuel 135 undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel ball 13 into a high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is confined by a magnetic field and is confined to the center of the vacuum reactor 4. Some of the high-energy neutrons generated by the reaction are absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket 402, and some are reflected to excite the nuclear fission reaction.

[0058] Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward. The heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres 14 and transferred to the helium gas. After the high-temperature helium gas is output, it transfers heat to the cooling water in the steam generator 6 and generates high-temperature steam for the steam turbine 1 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is processed by the energy storage and control system 12. Part of it is used to supply users, part of it is used to power the device itself, and part of it is stored.

[0059] Step 6: Continue adding fuel balls 13 to the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball 13 can be used to preheat the fuel ball 13. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 produces a large amount of reaction waste or the inner wall temperature of the vacuum reactor 4 approaches the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 uses the stored electrical energy to carry out the reaction according to steps one to five. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 stops the reaction and removes the reaction waste and cools down through a vacuum pump.

[0060] Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 stops the reaction and repeats steps 1 to 6, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and with efficient energy utilization.

Claims

1. A firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device, characterized in that: The reactor comprises a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system, and other accessories. The fission-fusion reaction system includes neutron guns, fuel spheres, a fuel sphere storage and delivery device, and a vacuum reactor. The circulating cooling system includes a circulating fan, a voltage regulator, a steam turbine, a steam generator, delivery pipelines, and a water pump. The other accessories include an energy storage and control system and a vacuum pump. The vacuum reactor is spherical, with its first wall made of a high-temperature resistant material and its inner wall lined with a tritium breeding blanket. Upper and lower superconducting coils are tightly arranged at the upper and lower ends of the outer surface of the vacuum reactor, respectively. The fuel sphere delivery port directly above the vacuum reactor is vacuum-sealed using a magnetohydrodynamic seal. A waste collection area is located directly below the vacuum reactor, with a waste gas outlet connected to the vacuum pump. The outer surface of the first wall of the vacuum reactor is a phase change material layer containing phase change microspheres, through which helium gas is supplied. At least two neutron guns are equidistantly positioned outside the vacuum reactor, aimed at the center of the sphere. Neutron injection ports are evenly distributed along the walls of the vacuum reactor.

2. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change microspheres are composed of a phase change core material and a wall material. The wall material encapsulates the phase change core material, which includes lithium carbonate, silicon carbide, and lithium fluoride. The wall material includes silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

3. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outermost layer of the fuel sphere is a neutron-transmitting shell, and the center is solid nuclear fission fuel. Columnar support material is uniformly distributed between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron-transmitting shell, forming a thin layer between them. The neutron-transmitting shell of the fuel sphere has a nuclear fusion fuel injection port, through which nuclear fusion fuel is injected into the formed thin layer. The nuclear fusion fuel is a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixture, and the area between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron-transmitting shell is under ultra-high pressure. The materials of the nuclear fission fuel include uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide, or plutonium-239. The neutron-transmitting shell allows high-energy neutrons to pass through and excite the nuclear fission reaction. The materials of the neutron-transmitting shell include zirconium alloy, nickel-based alloy, or tungsten-based alloy.

4. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nuclear fission fuel is formed by powder metallurgy. Columnar support material is evenly distributed and tightly bonded around the nuclear fission fuel through welding. A neutron transmission shell with a nuclear fusion fuel injection port is fabricated using a casting process. First, the neutron transmission shell is cast in two hemispheres. Then, the two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell are welded to the columnar support material and between the two hemispheres. A high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port. After the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected to ultra-high pressure, it is sealed. The sealing methods include high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the airtightness of the fuel sphere should be checked.

5. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell are welded using a full penetration method; or a locking structure is set at the weld, and the two hemispheres are locked together by mechanical force, and then welded at the bevel. The locking structure includes a hemispherical locking structure or a conical locking structure.

6. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower superconducting coils are closely arranged at the upper and lower ends of the vacuum reactor, respectively. The upper and lower superconducting coils are maintained in a superconducting state by a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen mixed cooling system. With the help of magnetic confinement, the frequency and area of ​​direct contact between the high-temperature plasma and the vacuum reactor wall are reduced, thereby reducing the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the vacuum reactor material and extending the service life of the spherical cavity.

7. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generation power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes at least two fission-fusion reaction systems, each equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system generates a large amount of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor approaches the upper limit of the material's tolerance, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses stored electrical energy to react. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes reaction waste and cools down through the vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for re-reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, removes waste, and cools down, and the first fission-fusion reaction system reacts again. This achieves continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and efficiently utilizes energy.

8. A method for co-generating controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission in a firecracker-like manner, employing the firecracker-like controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission co-generating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Its main technical principles and processes include: Step 1: Use a water pump to add distilled water to the steam generator and inject helium gas into the phase change material layer; Step 2: Use a vacuum pump to extract the gas from the vacuum reactor to ensure a high vacuum level, and then energize the upper and lower superconducting magnets to generate a non-uniform magnetic field inside the vacuum reactor. Step 3: Using the fuel sphere storage and delivery device, a fuel sphere is dropped into the vacuum reactor. At the same time, the neutron gun is activated to fire high-energy neutrons at the center of the sphere in the vacuum reactor. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel sphere that falls to the center and excite the nuclear fission fuel inside the fuel sphere to undergo a nuclear fission reaction. Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction generates a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the conditions for nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion fuel undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel sphere into high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is confined by a magnetic field and is located at the center of the vacuum reactor. Some of the high-energy neutrons produced by the reaction are absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and some are reflected to excite the nuclear fission reaction. Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward, and the heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres and transferred to the helium gas. After the high-temperature helium gas is output, it transfers heat to the cooling water in the steam generator and generates high-temperature steam for steam turbine power generation. The generated electrical energy is processed by the energy storage and control system, part of which is used to supply users, part of which is used to power the device itself, and part of which is stored. Step 6: Continue adding fuel balls to the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball can be used to preheat this fuel ball. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a large amount of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor approaches the upper limit of the material's tolerance, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react according to steps one through five. At the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes reaction waste and cools down using a vacuum pump. Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, and steps one through six are repeated to achieve continuous power supply.

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