Dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for straw comprehensive treatment and straw fermentation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for straw comprehensive treatment and a straw fermentation method.According to the preparation, a composite microbial system is formed by a core bacterial group and an auxiliary bacterial group, the adaptability to the environment temperature is high, and the preparation can be applied to high-temperature composting or straw returning as required; the preparation utilizes the comprehensive decomposition effect of microorganisms and functional enzymes to destroy the compact cellulose structure on the surface layer of the straw, so that the sugar and nutrients in the straw are released, the composting decomposition, field decomposition and the like of the straw are efficiently promoted, the problems of low decomposition speed, difficulty in temperature control and the like in the straw treatment process are effectively solved, and the quality of the straw is improved. Therefore, efficient and green treatment and resource utilization of the straws are realized, and meanwhile, a new technical path is provided for green and environment-friendly treatment of agricultural wastes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, and in particular to a dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment and a straw fermentation method. Background Art

[0002] Straw is an important waste in agricultural production, such as rice straw and wheat straw, with a huge annual output. If it is not effectively treated, it will not only cause a waste of resources, but also may cause environmental pollution problems. Traditionally, the treatment methods of straw include burning, composting and returning to the field.

[0003] Composting technology converts organic matter in straw into organic fertilizer through the action of microorganisms, improving soil structure and fertility. However, traditional composting often has problems such as long decomposition cycle, slow temperature rise, and difficulty in completely killing pests and diseases, which seriously affect composting efficiency and product quality.

[0004] Returning straw to the field is an environmentally friendly treatment method. By returning straw directly to the soil, it can increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms, and improve soil structure. However, the process of returning straw to the field often faces challenges such as slow decomposition and incomplete decomposition of straw. Especially in low temperature environments, the decomposition rate of straw is slow, and undecomposed straw may have an adverse effect on the soil, resulting in unsatisfactory agricultural production results.

[0005] In order to overcome these problems, microbial preparations have been gradually applied to the straw treatment process in recent years. By introducing microbial communities with the ability to decompose cellulose and lignin, the decomposition and maturity of straw can be effectively accelerated, the efficiency of composting can be improved, and the maturity cycle can be shortened. However, most of the microbial preparations currently on the market are targeted at a specific treatment method, such as only suitable for high-temperature composting, or only suitable for straw return to the field treatment, and lack of composite microbial communities that can flexibly adapt to different temperature conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] To solve at least one of the above technical defects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present application document discloses a dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment, comprising a core bacterial group and an auxiliary bacterial group.

[0007] The core bacteria group includes: Bacillus subtilis with the deposit number of CGMCC.No.32063 ( Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes, Bacillus pasteurianus, mesophilic pectinase, ligninase, and the volume ratio is 2-3: 1-1.5: 1.5-3: 2-2.5: 0.5-2.5: 2-2.5: 1-2; the auxiliary bacteria group includes: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez, Bacillus arnoldii with a preservation number of CGMCC.No.32065 ( Bacillus aryabhattai ), and the volume ratio is 1-2:1-2:1-3; The mass ratio of the core bacteria group to the auxiliary bacteria group is 7-8:2-3. Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) and Bacillus licheniformis can function normally in the high temperature process of composting (above 55℃). Bacillus licheniformis is an obligate thermophilic bacterium (30-65℃), Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , deposit number CGMCC.No.32063) has a wider biological activity temperature range (10℃-60℃), can work synergistically with Bacillus licheniformis in the high temperature period of the composting process, and can ensure the secretion of efficient cellulase and hemicellulase in the low temperature straw return to the field in winter (5-15℃), and can randomly cut β-1,4-glycosidic bonds inside the cellulose molecular chain, breaking the orderly arranged long-chain cellulose into scattered irregular short-chain oligosaccharide fragments, thereby destroying the compact and solid cellulose skeleton. With the disintegration of the overall structure of the primary cell wall, not only are various forms of cellulose chains released, but also the hemicellulose and lignin inside the cell wall are exposed. A large number of its action targets and reaction sites are recognized and acted upon by subsequent hemicellulases and other microorganisms, accelerating the degradation process of straw lignocellulose.

[0008] Lignin is composed of multiple aromatic rings cross-linked by carbon-carbon bonds and ether bonds, forming a complex and dense three-dimensional network structure, which makes lignin the most difficult component to degrade in plant cell walls. Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma longipes have rich and diverse cellulose and lignin enzyme systems (such as laccase, manganese peroxidase, etc.). After the primary cell wall structure is destroyed, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes and ligninase can quickly penetrate and identify the action site. The cellulase (exonuclease) of Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma longipes is similar to that of Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) have functional complementarity, and can orderly cut β-1,4-glycosidic bonds at both ends of the cellulose molecular chain, thoroughly clean up the cellulose chains that are not fully decomposed, and improve the degradation efficiency of cellulose. At the same time, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes and ligninase synergistically participate in the oxidative degradation process of lignin, gradually breaking the complex three-dimensional network structure of lignin, degrading it and releasing a variety of small molecular nutrients, enriching the organic nutrients in the environment.

[0009] The nitrogen content in straw is low and is insufficient to supply the large amount of nutrients required by the complex microbial system during rapid reproduction. Bacillus pasteurianus has an excellent nitrogen conversion system and temperature adaptability (5-40°C). Whether in the warming and cooling period of composting or in the cold environment of the field, it can secrete urease to convert nitrogen nutrients in the environment (such as urea initially applied in composting) into ammonia nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. that can be used by microorganisms, and quickly diffuse into the surrounding environment, making environmental nitrogen easier to be absorbed by microorganisms and crop roots, thereby promoting the stable growth and metabolic activity of microbial flora and ensuring that the straw degradation process can continue to operate efficiently.

[0010] Among them, the core bacteria group dominates the destruction and transformation of lignocellulose inside the straw during high-temperature composting (above 55°C), and efficiently decomposes complex polysaccharides such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. These sugars provide a rich source of nutrients for other microorganisms in the soil, further improving the microbial activity and fertility of the soil, accelerating the fermentation and maturation process of straw compost, and improving the maturity and biosafety of straw compost products.

[0011] Bacillus arguta Bacillus aryabhattai , deposit number CGMCC.No.32065) can play an excellent role in degrading lignocellulose in medium and low temperature environments (5℃-30℃), and can secrete a variety of enzymes, including cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases. It can cooperate with medium-temperature pectinases to further enhance the decomposition rate of pectin, so that pectin is decomposed into soluble small-molecule sugars, such as xylose and arabinose. In addition, in the low-temperature straw return to the field in winter (5-15℃), it can also effectively promote the decomposition of other complex lignocellulose in the straw, and cooperate with the core bacterial group to promote the decomposition of field straw, providing a rich carbon source for microorganisms in the soil. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezii can activate and release soil nutrients, making soil conditions more conducive to the survival and reproduction of microorganisms. The synergistic cooperation greatly improves the decomposition effect of the composite microbial agent on straw, thereby breaking the limitation of low temperature on the decomposition of cellulose by microorganisms.

[0012] Furthermore, the volumes of the core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group are measured in liquid form.

[0013] Further, in the core bacteria group, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes and Bacillus pasteurianus, the bacterial solution concentration was 6×10 10 cfu / ml- 9×10 10 cfu / ml, medium temperature pectinase activity is 2×10 4 U / ml- 5×10 4U / ml, ligninase activity is 1×10 3 U / ml- 3×10 3 U / ml.

[0014] Furthermore, in the auxiliary bacteria group, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez and Bacillus arnoldii ( Bacillus aryabhattai ) was 3×10 10 cfu / ml- 8×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0015] The present application document discloses a straw fermentation method, wherein the composite microbial preparation is used in straw treatment at a ratio of 1.5-6 kg / ton or 1.5-6 kg / mu.

[0016] For example, the composite microbial preparation is used in the composting and fermentation treatment of straw, or the composite microbial preparation is used in the in-situ treatment of returning straw to the field.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention forms a composite microbial system with core bacteria and auxiliary bacteria, which has strong adaptability to environmental temperature and can be applied to high-temperature composting or straw return to the field according to needs. The preparation utilizes the comprehensive decomposition effect of microorganisms and functional enzymes to destroy the tight cellulose structure on the surface of the straw, thereby releasing the sugar and nutrients inside the straw, thereby efficiently promoting the composting and field decomposition of the straw, and effectively solving the problems of slow decomposition speed and difficult temperature control during the straw treatment process, thereby realizing efficient and green treatment and resource utilization of straw, and at the same time providing a new technical path for the green and environmentally friendly treatment of agricultural waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional cooperation of the composite microbial agent; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the functional components of the composite microbial agent; Figure 3 is the cellulose degradation rate graph; Figure 4 is the hemicellulose degradation rate graph; Figure 5 is the wood degradation rate graph; Figure 6 is the straw dry matter degradation rate graph; Figure 7 This is a diagram of composting temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 A composite microbial preparation for returning straw to fields and composting. S1, core bacteria group: Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes, and Bacillus pasteurianus were cultured to a concentration of 8×10 10 cfu / ml of bacterial solution, the enzyme activities of mesophilic pectinase and ligninase were 2.33×10 4 U / ml and 1.15×10 2 U / ml, and mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:1:1:1 to obtain the core bacterial group.

[0022] Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) was screened from the high temperature period samples of bamboo scraps and rice straw compost, and was expanded by special liquid fermentation medium A. The composition of liquid fermentation medium A is as follows: 15g / L tryptone, 5g / L yeast powder, 4g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2g / L ammonium sulfate, 1g / L magnesium sulfate, trace amounts of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, and cobalt chloride (the ratio of the four is 1:1:1:1, and the total amount is 0.1g / L), pH 6.8. The culture medium was sterilized at 121℃ for 25min and then cooled. Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) seed solution was inoculated at 1%, and the culture temperature was set to 37°C for 12 hours. Bacillus subtilis ,) was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) on September 25, 2024, with the deposit number: CGMCC.No.32063, and the deposit address is No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing.

[0023] Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longibrachiatus, Bacillus pasteurianus, mesophilic pectinase and ligninase can be cultured in a conventional manner.

[0024] S2, auxiliary bacteria group: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez and Bacillus aggregatis ( Bacillus aryabhattai , accession number CGMCC.No.32065) were cultured to a concentration of 5×10 10 The auxiliary bacteria group was obtained by mixing the bacterial solutions of 1.5 cfu / ml at a volume ratio of 1:1:2.

[0025] Among them, Bacillus aryabhattai (CGMCC.No.32065) was screened from the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed planted in the field and expanded by liquid fermentation medium B, wherein the composition of liquid fermentation medium B is as follows: 4g / L yeast powder, 4g / L glucose, 2g / L ammonium sulfate, 2g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5g / L magnesium chloride, pH 7.2. The medium was sterilized by wet heat at 121°C for 30min and then placed to cool. After the seed liquid of Bacillus aryabhattai was inoculated at 5%, the culture temperature was set at 20°C and cultured for 48h. Bacillus aryabhattai (Bacillus aryabhattai, deposit number CGMCC.No.32065) was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) on September 25, 2024, with the deposit number: CGMCC.No.32065, and the deposit address is No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing.

[0026] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velez were directly purchased from the market.

[0027] S3. The core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group prepared above are stirred and mixed in a ratio of 7:3 by mass to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0028] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that: Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes, Bacillus pasteurianus, mesophilic pectinase and ligninase concentrations were 7.22×10 10 cfu / ml,7.41×10 10 cfu / ml,7.53×10 10 cfu / ml,6.24×10 10 cfu / ml,4.25×10 4 U / ml and 2.31×10 2 U / ml, volume ratio is 2:1:3:2:2:2:2.

[0029] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezinckii, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus aryabhattai , accession number CGMCC.No.32065) were 6.22×10 10 cfu / ml, 6.83×10 10 cfu / ml, 6.24×10 10 cfu / ml, volume ratio was 2:2:3.

[0030] The field test is as follows: We selected the long-term "wheat-rice-rice" three-crop rotation planting area in Zhejiang and divided the experimental plots into 20m×20m plots. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and the plots were arranged in random groups. A 1m isolation zone was left between each experimental plot to prevent the spread of the microbial agent. Before the experiment, the straw residues were cleaned uniformly to ensure consistent soil conditions.

[0031] Treatment 1: Natural decomposition of straw (control group, no addition of bacterial agent).

[0032] Treatment 2: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, having both a core bacterial group and an auxiliary bacterial group.

[0033] Treatment 3: The composite microbial agent of Example 1 contains only the core bacteria group.

[0034] Treatment 4: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, except that Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) and auxiliary bacteria group. Treatment 5: composite microbial agent of Example 1. Treatment 6: composite microbial agent of Example 1, only without Bacillus aeruginosa ( Bacillus aryabhattai , accession number CGMCC.No.32065). Treatment 7: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, only without Bacillus aeruginosa ( Bacillus aryabhattai , accession number CGMCC.No.32065) and core bacteria group. Treatment 8: Shandong Zuotian's straw treatment agent Bacillus aggrad. Treatment 9: Tonghua Wanying's straw treatment agent Bacillus aggrad.

[0035] Straw return test 1 When the harvester harvests rice, the straw is simultaneously crushed and evenly covered in deep pits or open spaces in the fields.

[0036] Take straw (moisture content of 40%-50%) and evenly spray the corresponding bacterial agent on the straw to make the moisture of the straw material at 60%-70%. The dosage of treatments 2-8 is 4kg / mu.

[0037] The treated straw was packed into nylon mesh bags (pore size 1-2mm) at 100g per bag, and the initial weight was recorded. The bags were then manually buried within 5cm-10cm of the tillage layer of the corresponding test plots (3*9=27 replicates) to simulate the operating depth of a field rotary tiller. The daytime soil surface temperature was 7-13℃, and the nylon bags were taken out to measure the parameters after 30, 60, and 90 days.

[0038] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown in the figure, the degradation of various lignocelluloses and straw dry matter in treatment 1 (control group) was the worst, especially the degradation of lignin. The degradation of various lignocelluloses and straw dry matter in treatment 2 (composite microbial agent) was the best. The treatment effects of treatments 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 were better than those of treatment 1 (control group) in all aspects; the treatment effect of treatment 7 on lignin and straw dry matter was no different from that of treatment 1.

[0039] These indicate that, except for treatment 7, the addition of bacterial agents in other groups promoted the degradation of lignocellulose and straw dry matter in soil to varying degrees. The inventor screened and cultured Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063), Bacillus aggradii ( Bacillus aryabhattai , Collection Number CGMCC.No.32065) has a higher effect than conventional commercially available microbial agents. At the same time, treatment 2, that is, the combined use of the core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group, can obtain the best straw return to the field effect. Further, the comparison of treatments 2, 3, and 5 found that in the degradation effects of each lignocellulose and straw dry matter, treatment 2>treatment 3>treatment 5, which not only confirms the necessity of the core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group for the straw return effect, but also that the two can synergistically promote the decomposition of straw. The comparison of treatments 3, 4, 6, and 7 found that in the degradation effects of each lignocellulose and straw dry matter, treatment 3>treatment 4, treatment 6>treatment 7, and the average effect of treatment 6 and treatment 7>treatment 3 and treatment 4, which not only confirms that Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) for the core bacteria group to improve the quality and efficiency, and at the same time proved that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezine can promote the decomposition of straw by the core bacteria group for soil activation. The comparison of treatments 2, 5, 6, and 7 found that in the degradation effect of each lignocellulose and straw dry matter, treatment 2> treatment 6, treatment 5> treatment 7, which confirmed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus aryabhattai , accession number CGMCC.No.32065) on the promotion of straw return to the field. Treatment 4>Treatment 1, which also confirmed that the combined use of Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes, Bacillus pasteurianus, mesophilic pectinase, and ligninase strengthened the decomposition effect of the composite agent in straw return to the field. Treatment 8 (Shandong Zuotian's straw treatment agent) and Treatment 9 (Tonghua Wanying straw treatment agent) were inferior to Treatment 2 in all aspects, confirming that Treatment 2 was better than commercially available agents; the excellent lignin decomposition effect of Treatment 2 may be due to the combined effect of Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes, and ligninase in the core fungus group.

[0040] The above results prove that the composite microbial agent of the present invention can promote the decomposition of field straw under cold conditions in winter, and the combined use of the core bacterial group and the auxiliary bacterial group is better than that of commercially available agents.

[0041] Straw return test 2 When the harvester harvested wheat, the crushed straw was evenly sprayed with the following treatment agent (4 kg / ton) to make the moisture of the straw material about 65%. The treated straw was manually buried in the 5 cm-10 cm tillage layer of the corresponding test plots (3*7=21 replicates), simulating the operating depth of the field rotary tiller, the field environment was 24-33 ° C, and soil samples were taken from each plot on the 0th day and the 45th day to measure the parameters, as shown in Table 1.

[0042] Treatment 1: Natural decomposition of straw (control group, no addition of bacterial agent).

[0043] Treatment 2: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, having both a core bacterial group and an auxiliary bacterial group.

[0044] Treatment 3: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, wherein Bacillus subtilis is directly purchased from the market.

[0045] Treatment 4: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, except that Bacillus licheniformis is not included.

[0046] Treatment 5: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, except that Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma longipedulum are not included.

[0047] Treatment 6: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, wherein Bacillus aeruginosa is directly purchased from the market. Treatment 7: The composite microbial agent of Example 2, containing only the core bacteria group.

[0048] Table 1

[0049] It can be seen that the cellulase, xylanase and peroxidase of treatment 2 are significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the polyphenol oxidase of treatments 2, 3 and 4 is significantly higher than that of other groups, which confirms the synergistic effect of each component in treatment 2, and improves the activity and metabolic level of each lignocellulase in the soil. In the comparison of the soil treatment effects of treatment 2 and treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, it can be confirmed that the components and auxiliary bacteria groups in the core bacteria group are necessary for the function of the composite microbial agent. In particular, in the comparison of treatments 1, 2 and 7, it is confirmed that the auxiliary bacteria group and the core bacteria group have a synergistic effect, which is crucial for the improvement of soil cellulase. In the comparison of treatments 1, 2 and 5, it is confirmed that the collaboration of Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes and the core bacteria group is crucial for the improvement of the activity of xylanase and polyphenol oxidase, and these two enzymes are key active substances in the process of lignin degradation in nature. From the comparison of treatments 2 and 4, it can be seen that the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus arnoldii screened and cultured by the inventors are significantly more effective in straw return fermentation than commercially available models.

[0050] Compost test At the composting plant in Yuhang District, Zhejiang Province, rice is harvested in the surrounding rural areas and collected uniformly. The straw is crushed into 2-4 cm, and the straw, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water are mixed to form a pile. The pile size is 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 1.2 meters high. 15kg urea and 2kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added to each ton of straw in the pile, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 25-30:1, the moisture content of the pile is 60%, and the mass ratio of straw to microbial agent is 500:1, that is, 2kg microbial agent is used for each ton of straw compost. In the experiment, the pile was turned once a week, and each treatment was repeated three times.

[0051] The pile should be placed in a well-ventilated and well-drained place to avoid rain. Plastic sheets should be laid on the ground to reduce nutrient loss.

[0052] Treatment 1: natural straw composting (control group, without adding bacterial agent); Treatment 2: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, which has both core bacteria group and auxiliary bacteria group, was applied at the recommended dosage of 2 kg / ton; Treatment 3: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, containing only the core bacteria group, was applied at the recommended dosage of 2 kg / ton; Treatment 4: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, except that Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) and auxiliary bacteria group, applied at the recommended dosage of 2kg / ton; Treatment 5: The composite microbial agent of Example 1, containing only auxiliary bacteria, was applied at the recommended dosage of 2 kg / ton; Treatment 6: Hubei Qiming Bio-straw Composting Agent Bacillus subtilis (applied at the dosage recommended by the manufacturer, 2 kg / ton); Treatment 7: Shandong Yihao Bio-straw Composting Agent Bacillus subtilis (applied at the dosage recommended by the manufacturer, 2 kg / ton).

[0053] During the composting process, the temperature of different treatments was recorded uniformly on days 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, and 48. 500 g samples were taken from the top, center, and bottom of the compost pile and mixed evenly to obtain a representative sample to complete the determination of various parameters.

[0054] like Figure 7 As shown in Table 1, compared with other groups, Treatment 2 reached the high temperature period faster (the second day, above 59.8°C) and lasted until the 12th day, meeting the high temperature period standard requirements for organic fertilizers (above 55°C for at least 7 days), which can effectively kill weed seeds, insect eggs and pathogens; on the 32nd day, the temperature dropped to the ambient temperature, and the composting was mature. Compared with other treatments, Treatment 2 can quickly start the high temperature period, reach a higher temperature and last longer, and enter the composting maturity period earlier, which proves that Treatment 2 can effectively promote the transformation of materials in straw composting and accelerate the composting maturity process.

[0055] There was no significant difference in the organic matter content of all treatments, which may be because during the straw composting process, material transformation occurred in the internal system of the compost, and the carbon loss of all treatments was basically the same. Among all treatments, the total nitrogen content of treatment 2 was the highest, and it was significantly different from other groups; the total nitrogen of treatments 2, 3, and 4 was significantly higher than that of treatment 5, which may be due to the nitrogen transformation of Bacillus pasteurianus, which promoted the nitrogen turnover in treatments 2, 3, and 4, and the nitrogen was activated and fixed or stabilized in the microorganisms in the compost, resulting in less nitrogen loss. The cellulose degradation rate, hemicellulose degradation rate, and lignin degradation rate of treatment 2 were significantly higher than those of treatment 5, which confirmed that the core bacterial group can significantly improve the degradation and transformation of lignocellulose during composting. In treatments 2, 3, and 4, the total nitrogen content, hemicellulose degradation rate, and lignin degradation rate of treatment 2 were significantly higher than those of treatment 3, which shows that the auxiliary bacterial group can enhance the effect of the core bacterial group in promoting the maturity of straw materials during the composting process. The cellulose degradation rate of treatment 3 was significantly higher than that of treatment 4, which confirmed that Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis , accession number CGMCC.No.32063) can significantly promote the degradation of cellulose in straw compost.

[0056] Among all the treatments, only treatments 2 and 3 reached the national standard for organic fertilizer, which proves that the core bacteria group alone can basically meet the technical requirements and product standards of straw composting; within the cost range, the core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group can be selected for straw composting to achieve the best effect. All indicators of treatment 2 except organic matter content are significantly higher than those of treatment 1. According to the national standard for organic fertilizer, the compost product of treatment 2 meets the standard and is better than treatments 6 and 7.

[0057] In summary, the composite microbial agent composed of core bacteria group and auxiliary bacteria group can effectively promote the maturity of straw composting and improve the quality and biosafety of composting.

[0058] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment, characterized in that: Includes core bacteria group and auxiliary bacteria group; The core bacteria group includes Bacillus subtilis with a preservation number of CGMCC.No.32063 ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longibrachiatus, Bacillus pasteurianus, mesophilic pectinase and ligninase, and the volume ratio is 2-3:1-1.5:1.5-3:2-2.5:0.5-2.5:2-2.5:1-2; The auxiliary bacteria group includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez, Bacillus arnoldii with a preservation number of CGMCC.No.32065 ( Bacillus aryabhattai ), and the volume ratio is 1-2:1-2:1-3; The mass ratio of the core bacteria group to the auxiliary bacteria group is 7-8:2-3.

2. The dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volumes of the core bacteria group and the auxiliary bacteria group are measured in liquid form.

3. The dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the core bacteria group, the Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma longipes and Bacillus pasteurianus, the bacterial solution concentration was 6×10 10 cfu / ml- 9×10 10 cfu / ml, the enzyme activity of the mesophilic pectinase was 2×10 4 U / ml- 5×10 4 U / ml, the enzyme activity of the ligninase is 1×10 3 U / ml- 3×10 3 U / ml.

4. The dual-purpose composite microbial preparation for comprehensive straw treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the auxiliary bacteria group, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez and Bacillus arnoldii ( Bacillus aryabhattai ) was 3×10 10 cfu / ml- 8×10 10 cfu / ml.

5. A straw fermentation method, characterized in that: The composite microbial preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used in straw treatment at a ratio of 1.5-6 kg / ton or 1.5-6 kg / mu.

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