Academic network-based author contribution quantification and distribution method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses an author contribution quantification and distribution method and device based on an academic network, and the method comprises the steps: S1, writing a web crawler program, and crawling paper data, reference relation data between papers, and paper author data; s2, constructing a citation network of papers p0 of which the contribution score points of the authors need to be calculated, nodes of the network being scientific papers, and connecting edges being citation relationships among the papers; the network structure is divided into two layers, the first layer is a reference layer of the paper p0, and the second layer is citations of the reference layer and comprises the paper p0 and other citations; s3, calculating the contribution score of each author in the paper p0 in each paper of the citation layer, and constructing a paper p0 author contribution matrix A; s4, calculating the times of commonly quoting the papers of the reference layer by the papers p0 and the papers including p0 in the quotation layer, and constructing a common quotation intensity matrix S; and S5, multiplying the contribution matrix by the common reference strength matrix to obtain a final contribution score C of the paper p0 author.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of science of science and data mining, and in particular to a method and device for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network. Background Art

[0002] Science of Science is a discipline that observes and studies scientific activities themselves and provides a quantitative understanding of the structure of science and its development. It aims to gain an in-depth understanding and analysis of the factors that contribute to scientific success, so as to propose more effective strategies to promote scientific progress. In the research process of Science of Science, how to quantify the scientific research process and its output results of various disciplines is a particularly important direction. The evaluation of scientific research workers is a prerequisite for the management and use of talent resources and an important breakthrough in stimulating the innovative vitality of talents. This makes it increasingly important to find indicators that can reasonably evaluate the scientific research work conducted by authors.

[0003] With the development of contemporary society, the accumulation of a large amount of culture, knowledge and technology has far exceeded the scope that independent individuals can master. With the continuous progress and development of society, more and more emerging disciplines are constantly emerging, and different professional fields are showing a diversified trend. In this case, when a person needs to complete a scientific research, the knowledge or technology required is likely to be far beyond his or her grasp, which makes the scientific research worker tend to consult or cooperate with experts in the field. Therefore, at the beginning of the twentieth century, scientific research shifted from theoretical deduction based on independent work to large-scale experimental research, and the situation of scientific research workers conducting scientific research as individuals gradually decreased. More and more independent research was replaced by scientific team cooperation or large research institutions. The complexity and diversity of scientific teams has led to the diversity of contribution distribution methods in the team. The original reward mechanism for the academic contribution of self-sufficient independent scientific research workers has become unreasonable in the current team-led scientific development system, so scientific research workers began to look for a more reasonable distribution method.

[0004] In the initial contribution distribution process, most scientific researchers will treat all co-authors of a paper equally, give them equal scores, or use an average distribution method to distribute author contributions. However, in a paper, the specific contributions of each author are not the same, so the contribution scores given to different authors should be different. The difference in the author's contribution to academic achievements is usually reflected in the signature of the academic paper. In the field of science, there are several different methods for allocating contributions based on the author's signature position. Existing methods for distributing author contributions based on academic networks, such as a method for calculating the scores of authors of multi-signature academic papers disclosed in publication number CN106095934A, propose a specific quantitative calculation method for the scores of various types of authors such as the "first author", "corresponding author", "co-first author", "co-corresponding author", second author, and third author of the paper, changing the previous method of calculating the paper score simply by the number of first authors or corresponding authors. However, this contribution allocation method only considers the specific contribution of the author in a single paper and assigns contribution scores according to the order of the authors' signatures in the paper. It does not consider the contribution of the paper authors in the entire academic network, and does not distinguish between the different contributions of elite authors and young authors in teamwork. This leads to certain errors in the contribution allocation process and unfair evaluation of the authors involved in the paper writing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing methods and provide a method and device for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network.

[0006] The present invention focuses on the number of publications of authors involved in the paper work to distinguish the contributions of elite authors and young authors in the academic network, and calculates the contribution score of the author in the paper by combining the collective contribution of the author in the academic network with the specific contribution in a single paper. This improves the accuracy and efficiency of the author's academic evaluation.

[0007] Specifically, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned invention objects are as follows:

[0008] A method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Collect paper data, citation relationship data between papers, and paper author data through web crawler methods.

[0010] S2: Construct a citation network for the paper p0 for which the author contribution score needs to be calculated. The nodes of the network are scientific papers, and the edges are citation relationships between papers. The network structure is divided into two layers. The first layer is the reference layer of paper p0, and the second layer is the citations of the reference layer, which includes paper p0 and other citations.

[0011] S3: Calculate the contribution score of each author in paper p0 in each paper in the citation layer, and construct the author contribution matrix A of paper p0.

[0012] S4: Calculate the number of times that paper p0 and each paper in the citation layer, including p0, co-cite papers in the reference layer, and construct the co-citation intensity matrix S.

[0013] S5: Multiply the contribution matrix by the co-citation intensity matrix to obtain the final contribution score C of the author of paper p0.

[0014] Furthermore, the step S1 includes the following steps:

[0015] S1.1: Get the interface information of the required database website and write the code using crawler technology. The program can determine the required parameters by input, such as: the content of the crawled data, the page number of the data to be crawled, the number of crawled data, and the email address for receiving the data. And the program can display the progress of crawling data and the amount of crawled data.

[0016] S1.2: Collect the paper p0 for which the author contribution score needs to be calculated, and use the crawler program to obtain all the author information of the paper, including the author's name, the order of signatures in the paper, and the number of publications throughout his or her career.

[0017] S1.3: Collect all references of paper p0.

[0018] S1.4: Collect citations from all references in the reference layer and obtain author information for all papers cited above, also including the author's name, order of signature in the paper, and number of publications throughout his career.

[0019] S1.5: Clean the existing data. First, delete the papers with incomplete article information and author information, then delete the single-author articles in the dataset, and set a reasonable time window according to the publication time of paper p0 to prevent the publication time of the paper from being too early or too late, resulting in incomplete reference data and citation data.

[0020] Furthermore, the step S2 includes the following steps:

[0021] S2.1: The references of paper p0 in the collected dataset are taken as the first layer of the citation network, namely the reference layer.

[0022] S2.2: All papers that cite references are considered as the second layer of the citation network, namely the citation layer.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific operations of step S3 are as follows:

[0024] S3.1: Calculate the specific contribution of the author of paper p0 in the paper he participated in writing based on the author signature order and the total number of works in each paper in the citation layer. ij , and finally get the contribution score matrix A. The steps of contribution matrix calculation are divided into three steps, and its core formula is as follows:

[0025] Calculate the ratio of the total number of publications of author i to the total number of publications of all authors of paper j:

[0026]

[0027] Where n is the number of authors in a paper, w i is the number of papers published by author i during his career.

[0028] The harmonic counting formula is used to calculate the score that author i gets in paper j in the order of signature:

[0029]

[0030] PaperRatio ij With Harmonic ij Multiply them together to get the final contribution score A of author i in paper j. ij :

[0031] A ij =PaperRatio ij ×Harmonic ij (3)

[0032] S3.2: Use the calculated contribution A ij Construct the contribution matrix A, where the rows are the authors of paper p0 and the columns are all the papers in the citation layer.

[0033] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes:

[0034] Calculate the number of times each paper in the citation layer, including p0, appears in the entire citation network, recorded as the co-citation intensity S j (0≤j≤m), m is the total number of articles included in the citation layer. j Construct the co-citation intensity matrix S, where the rows are all papers in the citation layer and the columns are paper p0.

[0035] Furthermore, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0036] S5.1: Contribute A ij With co-induction strength S j Multiply them to get the contribution score of author i in paper p0. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] S5.2: The contribution score c i Normalize and get the normalized contribution score C of each author in paper p0 i .

[0039] The second aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network, comprising a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores executable code, and when the one or more processors execute the executable code, they are used to implement the method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network of the present invention.

[0040] The third aspect of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network of the present invention.

[0041] The technical concept of the present invention is: a method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks. In step S1, a crawler program that can obtain required data on a data website is written, and the data required to build a citation network is crawled and cleaned. In steps S2 and S3, by constructing a citation network of the references of paper p0 and analyzing the co-citation relationship between the focus paper and the remaining citations of its references, the degree of participation and contribution of the authors involved in the creation of p0 in the entire academic network are calculated, thereby quantifying the author's contribution to the scientific community. In steps S4 and S5, by taking into account the order of author signatures in a focus paper, the author's specific contribution in the paper is quantified, and by calculating the ratio of the number of publications of the author in his or her career to the total number of publications of all authors in the paper, the author's contribution to the entire scientific community is further highlighted, and the contribution allocation error caused by the professional age gap between senior authors and young authors is reduced.

[0042] The present invention provides a method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks. By combining the author's contribution in the academic network with his or her specific contribution in a single paper, a more fair, just and reasonable contribution allocation can be made to authors in teamwork. The main innovations are as follows:

[0043] (1) We constructed a contribution distribution indicator that combines the author's contributions in the entire academic network and in a single paper. By considering the order in which the authors were named in the focal paper, we emphasized the specific contributions of the author recognized by team members during the paper creation process.

[0044] (2) The contribution matrix A is constructed by calculating the ratio of the career publication volume of a specific author in the paper to the sum of the publication volumes of the remaining authors. This approach further highlights the author's contribution to the entire scientific community and takes into account that young authors may have certain disadvantages compared to senior authors in the year when the target paper is published, resulting in the problem of unfair distribution of contributions in the quantification process based on the entire academic network, thereby reducing the contribution distribution error caused by the career age gap between senior and young authors.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) It combines the specific contribution of the author in the focus paper with his contribution in the entire academic network, and makes a more fair and reasonable contribution allocation for authors in teamwork. 2) It combines the number of papers published by the author throughout his career, and reduces the contribution allocation error between senior authors and relatively young authors. 3) Compared with the existing contribution allocation method, it has higher accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a framework diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the citation network of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Reference Figure 1 , a method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: The reference data, citation data and author data were crawled from the official website of Openalex through a web crawler, and the crawled data was cleaned to obtain the final data set.

[0053] S2: Construct the citation network of the focal papers to which author contributions need to be assigned using the data in the final dataset.

[0054] S3: Calculate the contribution of the focal paper author to all papers in which he / she collaborates in the citation network to understand the specific contribution of the author in a single paper.

[0055] S4: Analyze the citation relationship of the focal paper in the citation network and calculate the co-citation strength. By quantifying the degree of participation of the focal paper author in the entire academic network, the author's contribution to the scientific community is evaluated.

[0056] S5: Combining the author’s specific contribution in each paper in which he / she collaborates in the citation network and his / her contribution in the entire academic network, we obtain the author’s final contribution score in the focal paper.

[0057] S6: This method is tested on the Nobel Prize-winning paper dataset, and its accuracy is compared with the COCD method proposed by Zeng et al. to verify the effectiveness and superiority of this method.

[0058] Furthermore, the step S1 includes the following steps:

[0059] S1.1: Obtain the paper p0 that needs to be assigned author contributions from the Nobel Prize winners’ dataset, and use a crawler on the Openalex official website to crawl the article information and all author information of the p0 paper in the Openalex dataset, including the year the paper was published, the author’s name, the order of signatures in the paper, and the number of publications throughout their career.

[0060] S1.2: Get all references of paper p0 in the Openalex dataset.

[0061] S1.3: Get the citations of all references in the reference layer in the Openalex dataset, and get the author information of all papers cited above, including the author's name, the order of signatures in the paper, and the number of publications throughout his career.

[0062] S1.4: Clean the existing data. First, delete the papers with incomplete article information and author information. Then delete the papers with 1 author in the paper p0 data set. Set the time window according to the publication time of the focus paper, retain the Nobel Prize-winning papers published between 1960 and 2000, and delete the data outside the time window to ensure the integrity of the reference data. Finally, set the publication time window of the papers in the citation layer to 1960-2010 to ensure the integrity of the citation data.

[0063] Further, see Figure 2 As shown, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0064] S2.1: The focal paper p0 has n authors {a i}(0≤i≤n-1), define all references cited by paper p0 as a set R≡{r1, r2, ..., r k}, as the first layer of the citation network, namely the reference layer.

[0065] S2.2: Define all citations of papers in the citation set R as the set P≡{p j}(0≤j≤m-1), m is the total number of articles contained in the citation layer. This set is regarded as the second layer of the citation network, namely the citation layer.

[0066] Furthermore, the step S3 includes the following steps:

[0067] S3.1: Calculate the specific contribution a of the author of paper p0 in the paper he participated in writing based on the author signature order and the total number of works of each paper in set P ij Specifically, A ij Indicates the author a i In the paper j The contribution score in . Finally, the contribution score matrix A is obtained. The steps of contribution matrix calculation are divided into three steps, and its core formula is as follows:

[0068] Calculate the ratio of the total number of publications of author i to the total number of publications of all authors in paper j:

[0069]

[0070] Where n is the number of authors in a paper, w i is the number of works published by author i during his career.

[0071] Harmonic counting formula, used to calculate author a i In the paper j The scores obtained in the order of signature are:

[0072]

[0073] PaperRatio ij With Harmonic ij Multiply them together to get the final contribution score A of author i in paper j. ij :

[0074] A ij =PaperRatio ij ×Harmonic ij (3)

[0075] S3.2: Use the calculated contribution A ij Construct the contribution matrix A, where the rows are the authors of paper p0 and the columns are all the papers in the citation layer.

[0076] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes:

[0077] Calculate the number of times each paper in the citation layer, including p0, appears in the entire citation network, recorded as the co-citation intensity S j . Use S jConstruct the co-citation intensity matrix S, where the rows are all papers in the citation layer and the columns are all papers p0.

[0078] Furthermore, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0079] S5.1: Contribute A ij With co-induction strength S j Multiply them to get the contribution score of author i in paper p0. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] S5.2: Use calculation to obtain C i Construct the final contribution score matrix C of all authors in paper p0. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0082] C=A×S (5)

[0083] S5.3: Normalize the content in the contribution score matrix C to obtain the normalized contribution score C of each author in paper p0 i .

[0084] The method proposed in the present invention quantifies the specific contribution of the author in the paper by taking into account the order of the author's signature in a paper, and quantifies the contribution of the author in the academic network in the focus paper based on the analysis of the citation network of the paper. Finally, by calculating the ratio of the number of publications of the author in his career to the total number of publications of all authors in the paper, it further highlights his contribution to the entire scientific community and reduces the contribution allocation error caused by the professional age gap between senior authors and young authors. The present invention distributes the contributions of scientific research workers fairly and justly, so that they can receive fair treatment in teamwork and be given a contribution share that matches their responsibilities, which is conducive to improving the creativity and motivation of scientific research workers, and ultimately can promote the long-term healthy development of the scientific system.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] This embodiment relates to an author contribution quantification and allocation device based on an academic network, including a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores executable code, and when the one or more processors execute the executable code, they are used to implement the author contribution quantification and allocation method based on an academic network of Example 1.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] This embodiment relates to a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks of Embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0089] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on academic networks, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Confirm the paper p0 that needs to be calculated for author contribution distribution, obtain the corresponding reference data, citation data and author data through web crawlers, and clean the queried data to obtain the final data set; S2: Construct the citation network of the focal papers that need to be assigned contributions through the data in the final dataset; S3: Calculate the contribution of the paper author to all papers in which the author is involved in the citation network, and understand the specific contribution of the author in a single paper; S4: Analyze the citation relationships of the paper in the citation network and calculate the co-citation strength; evaluate the author’s contribution to the scientific community by quantifying the degree of participation of the paper author in the entire academic network. S5: Combine the author’s specific contribution in each paper he / she collaborates on in the citation network and his / her contribution in the entire academic network to obtain the author’s final contribution score in the paper.

2. The method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: S1.1: Obtain the interface information of the required database website and write the code using crawler technology; the program can determine the required parameters by input, such as: the content of the data to be crawled, the page number of the data to be crawled, the number of data to be crawled, and the email address used to log in to the account; and the program can display the progress of crawling data and the amount of crawled data; S1.2: Collect the papers p0 for which the author contribution score needs to be calculated, and obtain the article information of the paper and all author information, including the author's name, the order of signatures in the paper, and the number of publications throughout his or her career; S1.3: Collect all references of paper p0, then collect citations of all references of paper p0, and obtain all paper information of the above citations, including the publication year of the paper, the name of the author of the paper, the order of their signature in the paper, and the number of papers they have published throughout their career; S1.4: Clean the existing data; first, delete the papers with incomplete article information and author information, and then delete the articles with a single author in the dataset, and set a reasonable time window according to the publication time of paper p0 to prevent the paper from being published too early or too late, resulting in incomplete reference data and citation data.

3. The method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: S2.1: Paper p0 has n authors {a i }(0≤i≤n-1), define all references cited by paper p0 as a set R≡{r1, r2, ..., r k }, as the first layer of the citation network, i.e., the reference layer; S2.2: Define all citations of papers in the citation set R as the set P≡{p j }(0≤j≤m-1), m is the total number of articles contained in the citation layer; this set is regarded as the second layer of the citation network, namely the citation layer.

4. The method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: Calculate the number of times each paper in the citation layer, including p0, appears in the entire citation network, recorded as the co-citation intensity S j ; Use S j Construct the co-citation intensity matrix S, where the matrix rows are all papers in the citation layer and the columns are the focal papers p0.

5. The method for allocating author contributions based on a citation network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes: S4.1: Calculate the specific contribution of the focal paper author in the papers he / she participated in writing based on the author signature order and the total number of works in each paper in set P. ij Specifically, A ij Indicates the author a i In the paper j The contribution score in the final result is the contribution score matrix A. The contribution matrix calculation steps are divided into three steps, and its core formula is as follows: Calculate the ratio of the total number of publications of author i to the total number of publications of all authors in paper j: Where n is the number of authors in a paper, w i is the number of works published by author i in his career; Harmonic counting formula, used to calculate author a i In the paper j The scores obtained in the order of signature are: PaperRatio ij With Harmonic ij Multiply them together to get the final contribution score A of author i in paper j. ij : A ij =PaperRatio ij ×Harmonic ij (3) S4.2: Use the calculated contribution A ij Construct the contribution matrix A, where the rows of the matrix are the authors of the focal paper and the columns are all the papers in the citation layer.

6. The method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: S5.1: Contribute A ij With co-induction strength S j Multiply them to get the contribution score of author i in paper p0; the specific calculation formula is as follows: S5.2: Use calculation to obtain C i Construct the final contribution score matrix C of all authors in paper p0. The specific calculation formula is as follows: C=A×S (5) S5.3: Normalize the content in the contribution score matrix C to obtain the normalized contribution score C of each author in paper p0 i .

7. A device for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network, characterized in that: It comprises a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores executable code, and when the one or more processors execute the executable code, it is used to implement the author contribution quantification and allocation method based on academic network as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A program is stored thereon, and when the program is executed by a processor, the method for quantifying and allocating author contributions based on an academic network as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

Images