Method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structure ahead of tunnel face

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of geological engineering and digital modeling technology, and provides a method, device, and storage medium for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face. By drawing geological element objects on a registered real-life three-dimensional model, constructing various surface equations of a cavern BIM model, solving the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation, and obtaining the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equation with the cavern BIM model, all geological element objects and spatial intersection line expressions and their corresponding starting point parameters that intersect with the cavern BIM model are obtained. The range of the cavern pile number segment to be blasted in front of the tunnel face is obtained according to the pile number of the tunnel face, and all geological element objects within the cavern pile number segment that intersect with the underground cavern are searched and used as the geological structure element set to be predicted. The present application has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and three-dimensional visualization, and realizes the dynamic prediction of geological structures in front of the tunnel face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering and digital modeling, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structures ahead of a tunnel face. Background Art

[0002] During underground cavern excavation, complex geological conditions can lead to geological hazards such as landslides and water inrush, posing significant safety risks to construction workers. The primary purpose of geological structure prediction is to combine existing geological data with real-time monitoring data to predict the unexposed geological structure ahead of the underground cavern face. This allows for the identification of potential faults, weak interlayers, and other geological conditions and their spatial distribution patterns, thereby enabling a reasonable assessment of the construction conditions and stability of the upcoming cavern section and mitigating construction risks. Furthermore, accurate geological structure predictions can provide a better data foundation for operations such as construction blasting and support design parameters.

[0003] At present, the traditional method is to complete the geological structure prediction by analyzing the development patterns of the fault fracture zone based on data from drilling and geological surveys. However, traditional geological surveys are usually completed with compasses and sketch paper, which have problems such as low measurement efficiency and large errors. For places that are inaccessible to human beings, such as the top of the cavern, the geological personnel can only rely on their experience to judge the occurrence of geological structures and other information, which greatly reduces the credibility of the geological structure prediction. Secondly, when encountering inclined shafts, vertical shafts, and underground tunnels with slightly larger slopes, the extension range is deduced based on the occurrence of the face structure surface and the pile number. It is usually necessary to convert the inclined length and horizontal distance on the longitudinal section and plan layout. When there is an unfixed scale due to the limitation of the design drawing, there is a large amount of conversion process, which consumes a lot of manpower and time costs, greatly reducing the effectiveness of the on-site construction geological prediction.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a method, device and storage medium for predicting the geological structure ahead of the tunnel face to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face, so as to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and low accuracy in geological structure prediction in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for predicting geological structure ahead of a tunnel face, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, obtaining a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model;

[0008] S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model;

[0009] S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface;

[0010] S4, obtaining the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extracting the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtaining the fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates;

[0011] S5, performing a spatial Boolean operation on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded;

[0012] S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining the expressions of all geological element objects and spatial intersection lines intersecting with the cavern BIM model and their corresponding starting point parameters;

[0013] S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0014] Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint;

[0016] S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface based on the image data of the underground cavern;

[0017] S13, registering the preliminary real-scene 3D model according to the 3D space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene 3D model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological feature objects on the registered real-scene 3D model.

[0018] Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view, and a CAD longitudinal section view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in a horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding stake number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding stake number from the CAD cross-sectional view;

[0020] S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values to obtain three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters;

[0021] S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

[0022] Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern cross-section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to their characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the circle center, the radius, and the starting arc;

[0024] S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern cross-section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, and a torus surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section;

[0025] S33, constructing various surface equations and spatial range thresholds.

[0026] Preferably, the step S13 specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model;

[0028] S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system;

[0029] S133 , loading the registered real-scene 3D model, and completing the drawing of the geological feature object by picking up a set of points where the geological feature object is located on the registered real-scene 3D model.

[0030] Preferably, the step S7 further includes the following steps:

[0031] S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of the cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern based on the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing the model with a discrete white point cloud model;

[0032] S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud;

[0033] S83, traversing all spatial intersection line expressions and their corresponding starting point parameters, and projecting them onto the cavern axis, thereby obtaining the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then performing a spatial Boolean operation on each fitted plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the stake number where each geological element object intersects the cavern axis;

[0034] S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip, and inclination of the geological element object.

[0035] Preferably, the step S133 further includes the step of dividing the geological feature objects into different geological feature object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

[0036] Preferably, the geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

[0037] The present invention also provides a geological structure prediction device in front of a tunnel face, comprising:

[0038] A registration model acquisition unit is used to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model;

[0039] A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model;

[0040] a surface equation construction unit, configured to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct equations for each surface;

[0041] a fitting plane equation determination unit, configured to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates;

[0042] The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining all geological element objects intersecting with the cavern BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters;

[0043] The prediction element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0044] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face are implemented.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The present invention provides a method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face. By drawing geological element objects on a real-life three-dimensional model after registration, the geological element objects have real geographic coordinates and high-precision occurrence information, and can quickly and accurately obtain the structural distribution of the tunnel face. Compared with traditional measurement methods, it has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and three-dimensional visualization. Secondly, the present invention obtains the range of the tunnel face pile number segment that is about to be blasted in front of the tunnel face based on the pile number of the tunnel face, searches for all geological element objects that intersect with the underground cavern within the range of the cavern pile number segment, and uses them as the geological structure element set to be predicted. The geological element objects generated during excavation and blasting and the geological information obtained during the survey stage are combined to perform geological structure prediction, realizing dynamic prediction of the geological structure in front of the tunnel face, improving the timeliness of geological prediction by at least 2 to 3 times, and providing favorable data support for safe tunnel construction in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a real-scene 3D model after registration in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the results of geological logging on a tunnel face aligned with a real-scene 3D model in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the spatial position of the fitted plane and the name identification of the drawn confrontation element object in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of geological prediction ahead of the tunnel face based on the registered real-scene 3D model in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a trend rose diagram of a set of geological structural elements to be predicted in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0056] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0058] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides a method for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1, obtain a registered real-life three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and draw geological element objects on the registered real-life three-dimensional model; preferably, the geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

[0061] S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model;

[0062] S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface;

[0063] S4, obtaining the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extracting the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtaining the fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates;

[0064] Specifically, the point parameter coordinates and names of the geological feature objects can be used to obtain the fitting plane equations of all geological feature objects based on the least squares method; for example, the plane equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 is obtained by the least squares method; where A, B, and C are not 0 at the same time; A, B, and C are the coordinate components of the plane normal vector, A is the component of the normal vector on the x-axis, B is the component of the normal vector on the y-axis, C is the component of the normal vector on the z-axis, and D is the constant term in the plane equation.

[0065] Furthermore, if the geological element objects such as joints and faults that have been cataloged in this underground cavern, as well as faults obtained from drilling in the early geological survey stage, can be obtained from the database, these geological element objects can be included in the geological element objects that have been drawn as mentioned above, which can increase the effective number of geological element objects.

[0066] S5: Perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, record the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters. By performing spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, it is possible to determine whether the geological feature object intersects with a surface in the cavern BIM model. If the geological feature object intersects with a surface in the cavern BIM model, record the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters. The spatial intersection line parameters describe the position, direction, and shape of the intersection line in space and are key to determining the spatial relationship between the geological feature object and the underground cavern.

[0067] S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining the expressions of all geological element objects and spatial intersection lines intersecting with the cavern BIM model and their corresponding starting point parameters;

[0068] By traversing all the fitted plane equations (each equation represents a drawn geological element object, such as faults, joints, cracks, etc.) and performing spatial Boolean operations on them and the surface equations of the cavern BIM model, it is possible to systematically check whether each geological element object intersects with the cavern model, thereby obtaining all the geological element objects that intersect with the cavern BIM model, the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and their corresponding starting point parameters.

[0069] S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0070] The geological element objects drawn on the aligned real-life 3D model by this application have real geographic coordinates and high-precision occurrence information, which can quickly and accurately obtain the structural distribution of the cavern face. Compared with traditional measurement methods, it has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and 3D visualization. Secondly, this application combines the geological element objects generated during excavation and blasting with the geological information obtained during the survey phase to predict geological structures, achieving a dynamic prediction of the geological structure in front of the cavern face. The timeliness of geological prediction is improved by at least 2 to 3 times, providing favorable data support for safe cavern construction in real time.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint;

[0073] S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface based on the image data of the underground cavern;

[0074] S13, registering the preliminary real-scene 3D model according to the 3D space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene 3D model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological feature objects on the registered real-scene 3D model.

[0075] Specifically, for the blasting excavation surface of an underground cavern, image data collection can be completed using a mobile phone / camera. Based on the axis of the underground cavern, stand on the axis to complete image collection of the current blasting excavation surface from the left wall to the right wall, and ensure that the overlap rate of the two images reaches 60%. Then, move along the axis to the next shooting point, and ensure that the horizontal overlap rate of the two shooting points on the same horizontal line reaches 60%.

[0076] For high slope excavation surfaces, drones can be used to complete image data collection. Start by flying the drone from the upper left side of the slope excavation surface horizontally along the horizontal line to take photos, ensuring that the overlap rate of two adjacent horizontal photos reaches 60%. When it reaches the rightmost side, move vertically downward one layer, ensuring that the overlap rate of two adjacent vertical photos when taking photos facing the wall after the movement reaches 60%. This cycle forms an S-shaped shooting process.

[0077] It should be noted that during the image data collection process, it is necessary to ensure that the focal length of the mobile phone, camera or drone does not change, and the distance to the wall is not much different, so as to improve the success rate of modeling.

[0078] As a specific example, the collected image data can be constructed into a preliminary real-scene 3D model based on the SFM algorithm. For example, using the software Bentley Context Capture, the resulting model accuracy can reach pixel level. That is, if the actual distance represented by one pixel in the captured image is 1 cm, the generated model accuracy is at the centimeter level.

[0079] Alternatively, a camera-equipped laser scanner can be used to collect data from the blasting excavation surface and generate a realistic 3D model. First, multiple stations are set up for laser scanner data collection based on the on-site excavation surface. Using the SLAM algorithm, the point cloud data collected at each station is stitched together to generate a 3D point cloud model. This 3D point cloud model is then converted into a triangulated mesh model, and the corresponding image photos are attached to the corresponding triangular facets to create a textured, realistic 3D model.

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0081] S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view, and a CAD longitudinal section view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in a horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding stake number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding stake number from the CAD cross-sectional view;

[0082] S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values to obtain three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters;

[0083] S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

[0084] Specifically, the plane coordinates (e.g., X and Y coordinates) of the cavern axis in the horizontal XOY coordinate system and the corresponding stake numbers are identified and extracted from the CAD plan view. From the CAD cross-section view, the values of the cavern axis at different elevations (Z coordinates) and the stake numbers corresponding to these elevations are extracted. For each stake number, the plane coordinates are combined with the corresponding elevation value to form a 3D spatial coordinate.

[0085] If some pile numbers do not have corresponding elevations or plane coordinates directly given in the plan or section diagram, the three-dimensional space coordinates of these pile numbers can be calculated by interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.);

[0086] The cavern section parameters are obtained from the CAD longitudinal section. For example, the cavern section can be split into several straight line segments and / or curved line segments according to the features, thereby obtaining the coordinates of the starting and ending points of the straight line segments, the center coordinates, radius and starting arc of the curved line segments and other parameters.

[0087] This embodiment extracts the geometric parameters of the cavern axis and cross-section from CAD drawings, ensuring the accuracy and precision of the information. The automated extraction and interpolation calculation process significantly improves data processing efficiency and reduces the time and workload of manual intervention. Furthermore, since many underground caverns currently lack 3D BIM models during construction, relying solely on CAD construction drawings, this embodiment provides a BIM model reconstruction method based on CAD drawings, enhancing its practicality in actual projects.

[0088] As a preferred embodiment, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0089] S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern cross-section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to their characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the circle center, the radius, and the starting arc;

[0090] S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern cross-section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, and a torus surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section;

[0091] S33, constructing each surface equation and spatial range threshold. The spatial range threshold is used to define the boundaries of each surface.

[0092] Specifically, the cavern axis parameters are decomposed into continuous straight and curved segments based on their geometric characteristics. A straight segment consists of the 3D coordinates of its start and end points, representing the start and end points of the straight portion of the cavern axis. A curved segment consists of the coordinates of the circle center, radius, and starting arc, representing the geometric characteristics of the arc or curved portion of the cavern axis. Similarly, the cavern section parameters are decomposed into straight segments (such as the edges of a rectangular section) and curved segments (such as the arcs of a circular section).

[0093] For each surface, construct a mathematical equation describing its geometry and location. For example, a rectangular plane can be represented by the coordinate equations of its four vertices, while cylindrical and torus surfaces can be represented by equations of their axis, radius, and arc. Define a spatial range threshold for each surface to clearly define its boundaries. The spatial range threshold can be a minimum and maximum coordinate value for the surface, or a parameter range that defines the surface's shape and location.

[0094] This embodiment achieves refined modeling of the cavern structure by splitting the cavern BIM model into a set of multiple surfaces and constructing mathematical equations and spatial range thresholds for each surface. This modeling approach can more accurately describe the cavern's geometric features and spatial relationships.

[0095] As a preferred embodiment, step S13 specifically includes the following steps:

[0096] S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model; by performing matrix calculation on the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set, a more accurate rotation matrix can be obtained, thereby ensuring the alignment accuracy of the model with the geographic coordinate system, and the real-scene three-dimensional model after alignment can more realistically reflect the actual position and shape of the underground cavern.

[0097] S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene 3D model to obtain a registered real-scene 3D model in a geographic coordinate system; there are mature solutions for registering the preliminary real-scene 3D model based on the rotation matrix, which will not be described in detail here.

[0098] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the length of the current 3D reconstructed underground cavern model (aligned with the real-scene 3D model) is 25 meters, the pile number range is K0+502~K0+527, and the tunnel face pile number position is K0+502.

[0099] S133: Load the registered real-life 3D model and complete the drawing of the geological feature object by picking a set of points at the locations of the geological feature object on the registered real-life 3D model. For example, multiple points may be picked on the registered real-life 3D model and sequentially connected into lines to complete the drawing of the geological feature object represented by a geological line element. Alternatively, multiple points may be sequentially connected into a polygonal surface to complete the drawing of the geological feature object represented by a geological surface element.

[0100] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the geological logging results on the tunnel face of the registered real-life 3D model. The figure shows the visualization of the completed logging results on the registered real-life 3D model from the front of the tunnel face. The red lines on the model are the logged geological structures. The element logged in the upper right corner of the tunnel face is a small fault, and the other logged elements are joints.

[0101] As another preferred embodiment, the step S7 further includes the following steps:

[0102] S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of the cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern based on the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing the model with a discrete white point cloud model;

[0103] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a spatial schematic diagram of the fitting plane and name identification of the small fault structure f20 is marked. The structure fitting plane is represented by a sparse point cloud, and the structure name is identified by text composed of dense point clouds. Both are located in the same plane space, so that geologists can distinguish multiple structural information to be predicted according to the adjacent spatial positions and the planes they are located when rotating and browsing the model.

[0104] By generating a surface point cloud model of the section of the underground tunnel face to be blasted, the distribution of geological structures ahead of the tunnel face can be more clearly viewed. This 3D visualization is more intuitive than traditional 2D drawings or text descriptions, helping technicians in this field to more accurately understand the spatial location and morphology of geological structures.

[0105] S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud;

[0106] Specifically, if the geological structural elements that may be revealed have faults, the intersection stake numbers of the faults and the cave axis are calculated and recorded, the geological structures that may be revealed are represented by red discrete point clouds, and the structure names are visualized in the form of discrete point clouds at adjacent positions on the geological structural surface.

[0107] S83, traversing all spatial intersection line expressions and their corresponding starting point parameters, and projecting them onto the cavern axis, thereby obtaining the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then performing a spatial Boolean operation on each fitted plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the stake number where each geological element object intersects the cavern axis;

[0108] like Figure 5 As shown, the cavern BIM model and intersecting geological feature objects in front of the tunnel face are visualized using discrete point clouds. The white point cloud represents the surface of the cavern BIM model, making it easier for operators to see the geological structure inside the cavern excavation through the cavern BIM surface model. The red point cloud represents the fitting plane where the geological feature object is located, indicating its intersection with the cavern BIM model space after passing through the tunnel face. From the perspective of the figure, it can be seen that the fault in the upper right corner of the tunnel face extends along the fitting plane and intersects with the cavern axis at the first pile number. It can also be clearly seen that the fault intersects with the second pile number at the top of the right wall of the cavern BIM model and extends to the third pile number of the left wall top arch, which can provide a reference for blasting excavation in front of the tunnel face.

[0109] S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip, and inclination of the geological element object.

[0110] There are mature technical means for obtaining the strike, dip and inclination according to the above-mentioned fitting plane equation expression, which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] After obtaining the strike, dip, inclination, intersection range of each geological element object with the axis of the cavern BIM model, and the pile number where each geological element object intersects with the cavern axis, operators can directly read the specific parameter information that may reveal the geological structure.

[0112] Furthermore, a strike rose diagram can be drawn based on the strike parameters of all geological structures, and the dominant joint group can be obtained in combination with the strike of the cave axis.

[0113] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the geological logging results are statistically analyzed to obtain a trend rose diagram. The rays radiating outward from the center of the circle represent the geological structures to be predicted in the trend interval, and the length of the rays represents the number of structures that fall into the structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, the cavern axis strikes 3 degrees, while the dominant joint sets strike 340 to 360 degrees, intersecting the cavern axis at a small angle. Analyzing the spatial combination of dominant joint sets with excavated caverns, predicted faults, and other structures can provide a basis for block stability analysis and alert potential safety hazards during construction.

[0114] Preferably, the step S133 further includes the step of dividing the geological feature objects into different geological feature object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

[0115] The present invention also provides a geological structure prediction device in front of a tunnel face, comprising:

[0116] A registration model acquisition unit is used to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model;

[0117] A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model;

[0118] a surface equation construction unit, configured to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct equations for each surface;

[0119] a fitting plane equation determination unit, configured to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates;

[0120] The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining all geological element objects intersecting with the cavern BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters;

[0121] The prediction element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0122] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the aforementioned method for predicting geological structures ahead of a tunnel face. It will be appreciated that, when executed by the processor, the aforementioned method for predicting geological structures ahead of a tunnel face is implemented. Therefore, all embodiments of the aforementioned method are applicable to this storage medium and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects.

[0123] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting geological structure in front of a tunnel face, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, obtaining a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model; S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface; S4, obtaining the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extracting point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtaining a fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates; S5, performing a spatial Boolean operation on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining all the geological element objects intersecting with the cavern BIM model, the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and the starting point parameters corresponding to the spatial intersection lines; S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

2. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint; S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface based on the image data of the underground cavern; S13, registering the preliminary real-scene 3D model according to the 3D space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene 3D model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological feature objects on the registered real-scene 3D model.

3. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view, and a CAD longitudinal section view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in a horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding stake number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding stake number from the CAD cross-sectional view; S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values to obtain three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional spatial coordinate values of all pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters; S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

4. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern cross-section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to their characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the circle center, the radius, and the starting arc; S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern cross-section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a straight line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section, a cylindrical surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a straight line segment of the cavern cross-section, and a torus surface is formed by a curved line segment of the cavern axis and a curved line segment of the cavern cross-section; S33, constructing various surface equations and spatial range thresholds.

5. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S13 specifically includes the following steps: S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model; S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system; S133 , loading the registered real-scene 3D model, and completing the drawing of the geological feature object by picking up a set of points where the geological feature object is located on the registered real-scene 3D model.

6. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 5, characterized in that: After step S7, the following steps are also included: S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of the cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern based on the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing the model with a discrete white point cloud model; S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud; S83, traversing all spatial intersection line expressions and their corresponding starting point parameters, and projecting them onto the cavern axis, thereby obtaining the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then performing a spatial Boolean operation on each fitted plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the stake number where each geological element object intersects the cavern axis; S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip, and inclination of the geological element object.

7. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S133 further includes the step of dividing the geological element objects into different geological element object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

8. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 7, characterized in that: The geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

9. A geological structure prediction device in front of a tunnel face, characterized in that: include: A registration model acquisition unit is used to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model; a surface equation construction unit, configured to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct equations for each surface; a fitting plane equation determination unit, configured to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates; The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the cavern BIM model, thereby obtaining all geological element objects intersecting with the cavern BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and the starting point parameters corresponding to the spatial intersection line; The prediction element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

10. A storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for predicting geological structure in front of a tunnel face according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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