A green and efficient method for controlling mango shoot growth in early cultivation

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of green efficient shoot control method of mango early ripening cultivation, belongs to the technical field of plant planting, the shoot control method is in the shoot control period of mango growth, using uniconazole, calcium chelate and potassium phosphite to control the shoot of mango, to inhibit the growth of new shoot and improve the fruiting branch dry matter accumulation, improve the success rate of flower forcing.The present application uses specific shoot control method to control the shoot of mango tree, can keep mango tree healthy, leaf color dark green, chlorophyll content is significantly improved, photosynthetic capacity is significantly enhanced, is beneficial to the effective accumulation of fruiting branch dry matter, but can effectively inhibit the growth of new shoot, provides necessary condition for the transformation of fruiting branch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a green and efficient shoot control method for early-maturing mango cultivation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mango is one of the important tropical fruits in China. According to the traditional technology, the concentrated mango market time in Hainan Province, an early-maturing production area in China, is from April to June each year, and the mango price is low. The mango fresh fruit market in China is mainly concentrated from April to October each year, and the period from December to March each year is the off-season of the mango fresh fruit market. Therefore, adjusting the mango market time in Hainan to the period from December to March each year can significantly improve the mango price and increase the benefit. Hainan Province has high-quality light and heat resources, and is suitable for developing early-maturing mango, which can adjust the mango market time to the period from December to March each year. Adjusting the mango market time needs a key technology, i.e. shoot control technology. Shoot control is a key link for cultivating result mother branches of mango. Only the mature result mother branches can meet the conditions of flowering and fruit setting. The current shoot control technology mainly adopts the "diminazone technology", i.e. using root application of diminazone combined with leaf spraying of diminazone and ethephon to control the shoots when the result mother branches grow to the second or third puffy leaves and turn green. The purpose is to inhibit the growth of new shoots and promote the nutrient accumulation of the result mother branches. However, diminazone is a high-residual plant growth inhibitor. Long-term use of diminazone can cause early senescence of the tree body, small fruit, and physiological diseases such as rotten heart, sugar heart and hollow heart of the mango fruit. According to the statistics, the loss caused by these physiological diseases each year accounts for about 30% of the mango yield. At present, the use of diminazone has been banned in green food production. In addition, deep ethephon treatment can easily cause mango tree body to flow glue, the tree body to crack and early senescence, and the mango tree to die after 5-7 years, which requires re-planting and increases the planting cost. Diminazone and ethephon treatment can also cause flower sequence deformation, increase the proportion of fruit abortion, and reduce the yield. Therefore, the early-maturing mango in Hainan urgently needs a green and efficient new shoot control technology to replace the "diminazone technology". SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a green and efficient shoot control method for early-maturing mango cultivation.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A green and efficient shoot control method for early-maturing mango cultivation, which adopts uniconazole, calcium chelate and potassium phosphite to control the shoots of mango during the shoot control period of mango growth, so as to inhibit the growth of new shoots and improve the dry matter accumulation of the result mother branches, and improve the success rate of flower induction.

[0006] Further, in the process of controlling, uniconazole is applied by root application; calcium abscisic acid and potassium phosphite are applied by foliar spraying.

[0007] Further, the method of root application is to apply uniconazole into two small trenches with a depth of 25±2 cm, a length of 100±5 cm and a width of 20±2 cm within 30±5 cm from the drip line of the mango tree crown.

[0008] Further, in the process of controlling, when the effective component content of uniconazole is 5%, the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree is 10-40 grams.

[0009] Further, in the process of controlling, when the effective component content of uniconazole is 5%, the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree is 10-40 grams.

[0010] Further, in the process of controlling, 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium abscisic acid with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is used for foliar spraying.

[0011] The 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium abscisic acid with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is prepared by adding calcium abscisic acid into the solution obtained by diluting potassium phosphite 300 times.

[0012] Further, in the process of controlling, uniconazole is applied by root application when the second canopy shoot of mango turns green or the third canopy shoot turns green.

[0013] Further, calcium abscisic acid and potassium phosphite are applied by foliar spraying 5-10 days after the root application of uniconazole.

[0014] Further, the green and efficient shoot-controlling method for early ripening cultivation of mangoes comprises the following specific steps:

[0015] Root application: uniconazole is applied by root application when the second canopy shoot of mango turns green or the third canopy shoot turns green.

[0016] Foliar spraying: 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium abscisic acid with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is sprayed onto the tree crown and leaf tips until dripping water after the root application of uniconazole for 5-10 days, and the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days for 13-15 times.

[0017] Further, the following matters need attention in the process of controlling are further included.

[0018] Firstly, during the shoot-controlling period, the orchard should not be watered too much and fertilized with fertilizers with high nitrogen content in principle, and the fertilization should be mainly based on high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrient solution and fertilizers that can promote photosynthetic efficiency of leaves.

[0019] Secondly, the spraying should be supplemented in time after rain.

[0020] Third, the control tip period can be combined with pest control agent for mixing and application;

[0021] In other mango growing cycle outside the control tip period, the conventional cultivation method is used.

[0022] The green and efficient control tip method of the mango early maturation cultivation has the beneficial effects that:

[0023] The mango tree is controlled by the specific control tip method, the mango tree is kept healthy, the leaf color is dark green, the chlorophyll content is significantly improved, the photosynthesis capacity is significantly enhanced, the effective accumulation of the fruiting mother branch dry matter is beneficial, and the growth of the new shoot is effectively inhibited, necessary conditions are provided for the fruiting mother branch from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth;

[0024] In the mango planting aspect, the soil application of uniconazole for controlling the shoot and the leaf spraying of calcium abscisic acid for controlling the shoot are rarely reported, the uniconazole and the calcium abscisic acid are used to replace the paclobutrazol, the formula is green and efficient, has no side effect, meets the requirements of green food production, and achieves the effect equivalent to that of the paclobutrazol control tip;

[0025] The medicines uniconazole, calcium abscisic acid and potassium phosphite used in the control tip process are green food production allowed medicines (and the paclobutrazol used in the prior art is a green food production forbidden product), do not affect the normal growth of flowers and fruits, and can effectively improve the mango yield and quality effect, and have wide application prospects in the green and high-quality development of mangoes;

[0026] The paclobutrazol control tip in the prior art not only inhibits the growth of the new shoot, but also has an inhibitory effect on the growth of flowers and fruits, seriously affects the yield and quality, and makes the inflorescence into a group, the fruit small, and even easily leads to deformity; and the control tip method of the application only has an inhibitory effect on the growth of the new shoot, has no inhibitory effect on the growth of flowers and fruits, but has a promoting effect, can improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the fruit abortion rate, and improve the fruit quality and economic benefits;

[0027] The control tip method of the application achieves the purpose of effectively controlling the shoot by the mango root application of uniconazole, the leaf spraying of calcium abscisic acid and potassium phosphite, and in combination with the conventional flower induction technology, the mango can be made to bloom evenly and the inflorescence to be healthy;

[0028] Meanwhile, the control tip method of the application can also adjust the pruning time according to the needs of early production, cultivate the fruiting mother branch in advance, so as to flexibly adjust the mango maturation period, make the mango can be marketed in the off-season, and obtain better economic benefits;

[0029] Further, in order to strengthen the dry matter accumulation of the fruiting mother branches, the method for controlling the shoots of the present application adds high phosphorus and high potassium such as potassium phosphite to supplement the leaf nutrients and improve the photosynthetic efficiency, so as to inhibit the growth of the new shoots and improve the dry matter accumulation of the fruiting mother branches, thereby laying a foundation for the flower formation and fruit setting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a comparison chart of the mango shoot control effects of different treatment groups in the growth inhibitor selection test of embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a comparison chart of the shoot control growth and leaf color of the treatment area and the control area in the comparison test of the uniconazole technology and the paclobutrazol technology of embodiment 2 of the present application; the left side is the control area treated by the paclobutrazol shoot control technology, and the right side is the treatment area treated by the uniconazole shoot control technology;

[0032] Figure 3 is a comparison chart of the leaf color after the shoot control of the treatment area and the control area in the comparison test of the uniconazole technology and the paclobutrazol technology of embodiment 2 of the present application; the left side is the treatment area treated by the uniconazole shoot control technology, and the right side is the control area treated by the paclobutrazol shoot control technology;

[0033] Figure 4 is a comparison chart of the shoot and leaf color after the shoot control of the treatment area and the control area in the comparison test of the uniconazole technology and the paclobutrazol technology of embodiment 2 of the present application; the left side is the treatment area treated by the uniconazole shoot control technology, and the shoot and leaf color is dark green, and the right side is the control area treated by the paclobutrazol shoot control technology, and the shoot and leaf color is light green;

[0034] Figure 5 is the hermaphrodite flowering and the whole garden flowering of the treatment area in the comparison test of the uniconazole technology and the paclobutrazol technology of embodiment 2 of the present application; the left side is the hermaphrodite flowering of the treatment area treated by the uniconazole shoot control technology, and the right side is the whole garden flowering of the treatment area treated by the uniconazole shoot control technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Embodiment 1: A green and efficient shoot control method for early mango cultivation

[0037] The embodiment is a green and efficient shoot control method for early mango cultivation, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:

[0038] The production cycle of mango is 12 months, and the present application mainly controls the fruiting period, inhibits the growth of new shoots and improves the dry matter accumulation of fruiting branches, as follows:

[0039] After the mango fruits are matured, the fruits are picked up (about 1-5 days), postharvest fertilization (about 1-5 days), postharvest pruning (about 1-5 days), first shoot culture (about 15-20 days), second shoot culture (about 15-20 days), and then directly enter the fruiting period, or enter the fruiting period after third shoot culture (about 15-20 days).

[0040] In the fruiting period, the following fruiting methods are adopted:

[0041] 1) Root application formula and method

[0042] When the second shoot of mango turns green or the third shoot turns green, 10-40 g of uniconazole (5% of active ingredient, the same below) is applied per plant, 10-20 g per plant for 5-10 year old fruiting trees, 20-30 g per plant for 10 year old mature trees, and 30-40 g per plant for 20 year old mature trees. Within 30±5 cm from the drip line of the mango tree crown, two small trenches of 25±2 cm deep, 100±5 cm long and 20±2 cm wide are dug, and uniconazole is evenly irrigated into the two small trenches.

[0043] 2) Leaf spraying formula and method

[0044] After potassium phosphite is diluted 300 times with water, calcium abscisic acid is dissolved in the obtained solution to obtain potassium phosphite 300 times solution containing 300±20 mg / kg of calcium abscisic acid.

[0045] After root application of uniconazole for 5-10 days, potassium phosphite 300 times solution containing 300±20 mg / kg of calcium abscisic acid is sprayed on the tree crown leaf surface until the leaf tip drips with water, and the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days, totally 13-15 times, until the standard of flower induction is reached.

[0046] 3) Matters needing attention in the fruiting period

[0047] Firstly, during the shoot control period, the orchard should not be irrigated too much, and high-nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied. The fertilization should mainly be high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrient solution and nutrient solution capable of promoting leaf photosynthetic efficiency. Secondly, the orchard should be supplemented with spraying after rain. Thirdly, during the shoot control period, the pesticides for disease and pest control can be mixed and applied.

[0048] Because only the fruiting mother branch has enough nutrient accumulation to proceed to the next step of flower forcing during the control fruiting period, otherwise, flower forcing is very difficult to succeed, and no flower means no yield, so the control fruiting period is the most critical link in mango production. The present application can effectively inhibit the growth of new shoots and improve the dry matter accumulation of the fruiting mother branch, improve the success rate of flower forcing, and thus provide yield by changing the control fruiting method.

[0049] After the end of the control fruiting period, the first flower forcing (1-2 days) is carried out using the conventional cultivation method, and after 10-15 days of flower forcing, the flower bud differentiation (3-5 days) of the fruiting mother branch is cultured; or after the first flower forcing (1-2 days), the second flower forcing (1-2 days) is carried out, and after 10-15 days of flower forcing, the flower bud differentiation (3-5 days) of the fruiting mother branch is cultured;

[0050] After the flower bud differentiation of the fruiting mother branch, the flower period (15-30 days) and the fruit growth period (100-150 days) are managed using the conventional cultivation method, and the fruit is harvested until it is mature.

[0051] One production cycle is about 12 months, and the cycle is repeated.

[0052] Example 2 Effect verification of the green and efficient shoot control method for early ripening cultivation of mango

[0053] 1) Growth inhibitor selection test

[0054] The present application introduces an effective concentration of 5% of uniconazole and an effective concentration of 10% of calcium abscisic acid (the same below) as the main growth inhibitor to replace paclobutrazol (15% of effective concentration). Using a similar method as in Example 1, 15 different treatments are set, including separately root applying different amounts of uniconazole (i.e. only root applying uniconazole, not leaf spraying calcium abscisic acid and potassium phosphite), separately leaf spraying different concentrations of calcium abscisic acid (i.e. only leaf spraying calcium abscisic acid, not root applying uniconazole, and also not leaf spraying potassium phosphite), separately leaf spraying different concentrations of potassium phosphite (i.e. only leaf spraying potassium phosphite, not root applying uniconazole, and also not leaf spraying calcium abscisic acid), separately leaf spraying 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing 300 mg / kg of calcium abscisic acid (i.e. only leaf spraying the 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing 300 mg / kg of calcium abscisic acid in Example 1, not root applying uniconazole), root applying uniconazole in Example 1 combined with leaf spraying 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing 300 mg / kg of calcium abscisic acid, etc., and taking only root applying water or only leaf spraying water as controls CK1 and CK2 respectively, each treatment and control is set with 3 repeats, and each repeat is 1 tree. The shoot control effect is expressed as the percentage of non-branching branches divided by the total number of branches per tree, and the specific results are shown in Tables 1-2 and Figure 1 .

[0055] Table 1 Different treatment formulations and shoot control effect investigation table

[0056]

[0057] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on mango shoot control

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] From Table 1 to Table 2 and Figure 1 It can be seen that in the experiment of root application uniconazole alone, the effect of T3 and T4 groups has no significant difference, but is significantly higher than that of T1, T2 groups and the control group. Considering the cost and effect factors, the best amount of root application uniconazole is 10 g / plant with 10 kg of water. Similarly, in the experiment of leaf spraying calcium linoleate alone, the best concentration of leaf spraying calcium linoleate is 300 ppm. In the experiment of leaf spraying potassium phosphite alone, there is no significant difference between each treatment group and the control group, but the most ideal treatment group is potassium phosphite 300 times solution. From the above experiments, we can conclude that the best use amount or concentration of uniconazole, calcium linoleate and potassium phosphite is 10 g / plant, 300 ppm and 300 times solution respectively.

[0061] On the basis of the above, a comprehensive application experiment of root application uniconazole and leaf spraying calcium linoleate and potassium phosphite is formed, that is, root application uniconazole when the second or third sprout turns green, and then leaf spraying calcium linoleate and potassium phosphite 5-7 days later. The results show that the formula of "root application uniconazole (15 g / plant, mixed with 10 kg of water) combined with leaf spraying potassium phosphite 300 times solution containing calcium linoleate with a concentration of 300 mg / kg", the shoot control effect is significantly better than that of all other treatment formulas, including significantly better than that of uniconazole alone and calcium linoleate alone. (See Table 2, Figure 1 )

[0062] 2) Comparison experiment of uniconazole technology and paclobutrazol technology

[0063] The "uniconazole shoot control technology" is directly using the method in Example 1, root application uniconazole (15 g / plant, mixed with 10 kg of water) combined with leaf spraying potassium phosphite 300 times solution containing calcium linoleate with a concentration of 300 mg / kg, marked as treatment area, and comparing the "uniconazole shoot control technology" with the "paclobutrazol shoot control technology" which is currently widely used by farmers; among them, the "paclobutrazol shoot control technology" is similar to the method in Example 1 during the control period, the difference is that root application paclobutrazol (100 g / plant of paclobutrazol with an effective concentration of 15%, mixed with 10 kg of water) combined with leaf spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times solution containing paclobutrazol 600 mg / kg, marked as control area, and the results Figures 2 to 5 and Table 3.

[0064] Table 3 Analysis of differences in various indicators between the treatment area and the control area (analysis of variance)

[0065] Index Treatment area Control area Coefficient of variation CV Chlorophyll a content (mg / L) 1.10±0.22a 0.71±0.11b 21.55 Chlorophyll b content (mg / L) 0.35±0.09a 0.19±0.03b 29.63 Carotenoid content (mg / L) 0.22±0.03a 0.17±0.02b 12.82 Total chlorophyll content (mg / L) 1.45±0.31a 0.90±0.15b 23.40 Flowering branch number (branches) 189±43.35a 149.44±33.93a 11.69 Unflowering branch number (branches) 5.33±3.20a 10.00±10.45a 30.46 Flowering rate (%) 97.37±1.23a 93.96±5.67a 1.78 Leaf length (cm) 23.94±1.69a 19.54±1.63a 10.12 Leaf width (cm) 6.82±0.49a 5.47±0.50b 10.98 Topping length (cm) 29.48±4.25a 34.18±5.47a 7.38

[0066] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0067] As can be seen in Table 3, the t-test between the treatment and control areas showed that there were no significant differences in the number of flowering branches, the number of non-flowering branches, the flowering rate, and the length of the shoots. However, there were significant differences in chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, total chlorophyll content, leaf length, and leaf width. The treatment areas were significantly larger than the control areas. Figure 5 It can be seen that the proportion of hermaphroditic flowers in the treatment area using the "triclostrobin control technology" is higher, and the flowers bloom neatly throughout the garden, with a flowering rate of 97.37%, which is not significantly different from the flowering rate of 93.96% using the "paclobutrazol control technology".

[0068] Further, by Figures 2 to 5 Table 3 shows that the average shoot control effect in the treatment area is more than 97%, while the average shoot control effect in the control area is more than 93%, and there is no significant difference between the two. However, the chlorophyll content of the leaves in the treatment area is significantly higher than that in the control area, and the leaf length and area are also significantly higher than those in the control area. This shows that under the condition of equivalent shoot control effect, uniconazole can increase the chlorophyll content, improve the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves, promote the accumulation of dry matter in leaves, and be more conducive to the differentiation of flower buds. Therefore, the "uniconazole shoot control technology" using a mixture of uniconazole, calcium cyclohexane and potassium phosphite is better than the "paclobutrazol shoot control technology"

[0069] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and efficient pinning method for mango early ripening cultivation, characterized by, The green and efficient shoot-controlling method for the mango early cultivation is to control the shoots of mangoes by using uniconazole, calcium chelate and potassium phosphite during the shoot-controlling period of the mango growth.

2. The green efficient pinning method for precocious cultivation of mango as claimed in claim 1, wherein, During the shoot-controlling process, uniconazole is applied by root application, and calcium chelate and potassium phosphite are applied by leaf spraying.

3. The green and efficient de-shooting method for early maturing cultivation of mango as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The root application method is to evenly pour uniconazole into two small trenches with a depth of 25±2 cm, a length of 100±5 cm and a width of 20±2 cm, which are dug within 30±5 cm from the mango tree crown drip line.

4. The green and efficient de-shooting method of mango precocious cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein, During the shoot-controlling process, when the effective component content of uniconazole is 5%, the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree is 10-40 g.

5. The green and efficient de-shooting method for early maturing cultivation of mango as claimed in claim 4, wherein, During the shoot-controlling process, when the effective component content of uniconazole is 5%, the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree of 5-10 years old and in initial fruiting stage is 10-20 g, the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree of more than 10 years old and in mature stage is 20-30 g, and the dosage of uniconazole for each mango tree of more than 20 years old is 30-40 g.

6. The eco-efficient de-shooting method of precocious cultivation of mango as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 & 5, wherein, During the shoot-controlling process, 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium chelate with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is used for leaf spraying. The 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium chelate with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is prepared by adding calcium chelate into the solution obtained by diluting potassium phosphite with water by 300 times.

7. The eco-friendly high-efficiency pinning method of mango precocious cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, During the shoot-controlling process, uniconazole is applied by root application when the second sheltered shoot of mango turns green or the third sheltered shoot turns green.

8. The eco-friendly high-efficiency pinning method of mango precocious cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, Calcium chelate and potassium phosphite are applied by leaf spraying after 5-10 days of the root application of uniconazole.

9. The eco-friendly high-efficiency pinning method of mango precocious cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, The green and efficient shoot-controlling method for the mango early cultivation comprises the following specific steps: Root application: uniconazole is applied by root application when the second sheltered shoot of mango turns green or the third sheltered shoot turns green; Leaf spraying: 300 times solution of potassium phosphite containing calcium chelate with a concentration of 300±20 mg / kg is applied by leaf spraying after 5-10 days of the root application of uniconazole, and the spraying is stopped until the drip water appears on the tips of the leaves of the tree crown, and the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days, and the spraying is performed for 13-15 times.

10. The eco-friendly high-efficiency pinning method of mango precocious cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, The following matters need attention during the shoot-controlling process: Firstly, during the shoot-controlling period, the fertilizer applied in the orchard is mainly high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrient solution and nutrient solution capable of promoting photosynthetic efficiency of leaves; Secondly, the spraying should be supplemented in time after rain; Thirdly, the shoot-controlling period is combined with the mixed application of the pesticides for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

Images