Crossbreeding method of fiber-use type hermaphrodite industrial cannabis sativa

Abstract

The invention provides a crossbreeding method of fiber-use hermaphrodite industrial hemp, and belongs to the technical field of industrial hemp breeding. The method comprises the following steps: hybridizing 'Zhonghemp No.1' serving as a male parent and 'Longhemp No.7' serving as a female parent to obtain an F1 generation, backcrossing the F1 generation serving as a female parent and the 'Zhonghemp No.1' serving as a male parent to obtain the fiber-use hermaphrodite industrial hemp, and adopting a bagging isolation artificial pollination method as the hybridization and backcrossing method. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the 'Longcannabis No.7' with high hemp yield and fiber yield and the 'Zhongcannabis No.1' with strong stress resistance are hybridized, so that the fiber inheritable character of the 'Longcannabis No.7' can be fully reserved, and then the F1 generation and the 'Longcannabis No.7' are backcrossed, so that the stress resistance of the filial generation can be enhanced; the industrial hemp seeds obtained through hybridization and backcross cultivation can combine excellent characters of parents after development, have good growth and development characteristics and fiber yield and quality, and can be widely popularized and planted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of industrial hemp breeding, and particularly relates to a cross-breeding method for dioecious industrial hemp of fiber-using type. Background Art

[0002] Industrial hemp refers to hemp with a tetrahydrocannabinol content of less than 0.3%, also known as Chinese hemp, which is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Cannabis in the family Cannabinaceae. In China, industrial hemp is classified into fiber-using type, seed-using type, medicinal type, seed-fiber dual-purpose type, and fiber-medicine dual-purpose type according to its uses. Among them, fiber-using has a long history of development in China and is one of the earliest textile crops planted. In recent years, with the rapid development of industry, fiber-using industrial hemp has been more and more widely used, and hemp fiber has been applied in many fields such as automobile manufacturing, construction, and textile. Although there are various existing varieties of industrial hemp, there is a lack of high-quality fiber-using industrial hemp, which restricts the development of industrial hemp. Therefore, it is imperative to cultivate high-yield and high-quality fiber-using industrial hemp. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cross-breeding method for dioecious industrial hemp of fiber-using type to solve the problems of low fiber yield and poor quality of industrial hemp.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a cross-breeding method for dioecious industrial hemp of fiber-using type, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Using "Zhongdama No. 1" as the male parent and "Longdama No. 7" as the female parent to hybridize to obtain the F1 generation, and using the F1 generation as the female parent and "Zhongdama No. 1" as the male parent to backcross to obtain dioecious industrial hemp of fiber-using type.

[0007] Preferably, the methods of hybridization and backcross are the bagging isolation artificial pollination method.

[0008] Preferably, the female parent is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the budding stage, and the flower-promoting regulator comprises the following components in concentrations: 0.1 - 0.3 g / L paclobutrazol, 0.3 - 0.5 g / L boric acid, 0.2 - 0.4 g / L gibberellin, and the balance of water. The spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 0.1 - 0.5 mL per square meter of leaf area.

[0009] Preferably, the method of bagging the female parent in the bagging isolation artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: At the initial stage of female flower budding, the female flowers are put into a paper bag, and after bagging for 3 - 5 days, the stigmas are observed. Wait until the stigmas are in an inverted V shape to prepare for pollination.

[0010] Preferably, the paper bag is a semi-transparent sulfuric acid paper bag.

[0011] Preferably, the method for collecting male parent pollen in the bagging isolation artificial pollination method includes the following steps: At the initial stage of male flower powder scattering, collect male inflorescences from 08:00 to 11:00 on a sunny day, and pick male flowers about to scatter pollen.

[0012] Preferably, the time for artificial pollination in the bagging isolation artificial pollination method is: When the stigma of the female flower opens in an inverted V shape, conduct artificial pollination from 08:00 to 10:00 on a sunny day and without wind or from 08:00 to 11:00 on a cloudy day.

[0013] Preferably, the artificial pollination includes the following steps: Apply a solution of 50 - 100 ppm of phthalanilic acid and the pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the female parent in sequence, put on an isolation bag, and complete the pollination.

[0014] The present invention also provides a fiber - using dioecious industrial hemp cultivated by the hybridization breeding method described above.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] By crossing "Longdam 7" with high fiber yield and retting rate and "Zhongdam 1" with strong stress resistance, the present invention can fully retain the fiber genetic traits of "Longdam 7". Then, by back - crossing the F1 generation with "Longdam 7", the stress resistance of the hybrid offspring can be enhanced. The industrial hemp seeds cultivated through hybridization and back - crossing can combine the excellent traits of both parents after development, have good growth and development characteristics, fiber yield and quality, and can be widely promoted for planting.

[0017] By spraying a flower - promoting regulator, the present invention can regulate the flowering period, advance the flowering time of the early - maturing parent. By using the bagging isolation artificial pollination method for hybridization and applying phthalanilic acid solution during pollination, the pollination efficiency and seed - setting rate can be improved. Detailed Embodiment

[0018] The present invention provides a hybridization breeding method for a fiber - using dioecious industrial hemp, including the following steps:

[0019] Using "Zhongdam 1" as the male parent and "Longdam 7" as the female parent, hybridize to obtain the F1 generation. Using the F1 generation as the female parent and "Zhongdam 1" as the male parent for back - crossing to obtain a fiber - using dioecious industrial hemp.

[0020] In the present invention, the methods of hybridization and backcrossing are the method of bagging isolation and artificial pollination; the female parent is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the budding stage, and the flower-promoting regulator comprises components with the following concentrations: 0.1 - 0.3 g / L of paclobutrazol, 0.3 - 0.5 g / L of boric acid, 0.2 - 0.4 g / L of gibberellin and the balance of water. The concentration of paclobutrazol is preferably 0.15 - 0.25 g / L; the concentration of boric acid is preferably 0.35 - 0.45 g / L; the concentration of gibberellin is preferably 0.25 - 0.35 g / L; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is preferably 0.1 - 0.5 mL per square meter of leaf area, and more preferably 0.2 - 0.4 mL per square meter of leaf area. The method of bagging the female parent in the method of bagging isolation and artificial pollination comprises the following steps: at the initial stage of female flower budding, put the female flower into a paper bag, observe the stigma 3 - 5 days after bagging, and wait for the stigma to be in an inverted V shape before pollination; the paper bag is a semi-transparent sulfuric acid paper bag; the method of collecting male parent pollen in the method of bagging isolation and artificial pollination comprises the following steps: at the initial stage of male flower powder scattering, collect male inflorescences from 08:00 to 11:00 on a sunny day, and pick the male flowers about to scatter powder; the time of artificial pollination in the method of bagging isolation and artificial pollination is: when the stigma of the female flower opens into an inverted V shape, conduct artificial pollination from 08:00 to 10:00 on a sunny day and without wind or from 08:00 to 11:00 on a cloudy day; the artificial pollination comprises the following steps: apply a solution of 50 - 100 ppm of phthalanilic acid and the pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the female parent in sequence, put on an isolation bag, and complete the pollination; phthalanilic acid is beneficial to fertilization and pollination, and has the effect of inducing flower formation and fruit setting in flower buds; the concentration of the phthalanilic acid solution is preferably 60 - 90 ppm.

[0021] The present invention also provides a fiber-use dioecious industrial hemp cultivated by the hybridization breeding method described above.

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] "Zhongdam 1" is a fiber-use industrial hemp variety selected and bred by the Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The growth period of this variety is 114 days. It has strong stress resistance and is suitable for popularization and planting in the Yangtze River Basin, the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin and major industrial hemp production areas in the north.

[0024] "Longdam 7" is a new fiber-use dioecious industrial hemp variety recognized by the Daqing Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences in 2022. The number of growth days from emergence to technological maturity of this variety in the suitable area is about 94 days.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A hybrid breeding method for fiber-type dioecious industrial hemp, which uses "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" as a male parent and "Longdamarijuana No. 7" as a female parent to obtain F1 generation through hybridization, and then uses the F1 generation as a female parent and "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" as a male parent for backcrossing to obtain fiber-type dioecious industrial hemp.

[0027] The hybridization and backcrossing method is a bag isolation artificial pollination method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0028] (1) The mother plant is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the bud-forming stage, wherein the flower-promoting regulator is composed of the following concentrations: 0.2 g / L paclobutrazol, 0.4 g / L boric acid, 0.3 g / L gibberellin and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 0.3 mL / square meter of leaf area.

[0029] (2) Bagging of female plants: When the female flowers begin to bud, bag them with paper bags. Observe the stigma 4 days after bagging and wait until the stigma is in an inverted figure eight shape before pollination.

[0030] (3) Pollen collection from male parents: Collect male inflorescences at 10:00 a.m. on a sunny day at the early stage of male flower pollen shedding, and pick male flowers that are about to shed pollen.

[0031] (4) Artificial pollination: When the female flower stigma opens in an inverted figure eight shape, artificial pollination is carried out at 9:00 on a sunny day with no wind. During pollination, open the sulfuric acid paper bag, remove the fruiting part, the discolored part of the stigma, and the top of the female flower inflorescence, cut the pollen sac, apply 80ppm benzylamine solution and the pollen in the pollen sac to the female plant stigma in turn, and then seal it immediately. After 8 days, observe whether the female flower stigma is successfully pollinated. If the female flower is not pollinated or the pollination is insufficient, select a new branch of the female plant and bag it for 3 additional pollinations.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A hybrid breeding method for fiber-type dioecious industrial hemp, which uses "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" as a male parent and "Longdamarijuana No. 7" as a female parent to obtain F1 generation through hybridization, and then uses the F1 generation as a female parent and "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" as a male parent for backcrossing to obtain fiber-type dioecious industrial hemp.

[0034] The hybridization and backcrossing method is a bag isolation artificial pollination method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0035] (1) The mother plant is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the bud-forming stage, wherein the flower-promoting regulator is composed of the following concentrations: 0.1 g / L paclobutrazol, 0.3 g / L boric acid, 0.2 g / L gibberellin and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 0.1 mL / square meter of leaf area.

[0036] (2) Female parent bagging: At the initial stage of female flower bud emergence, cover the female flowers with paper bags. Observe the stigma 3 days after bagging. Wait until the stigma shows an inverted V shape and is ready for pollination.

[0037] (3) Male parent pollen collection: At the initial stage of male flower anthesis, collect male inflorescences at 08:00 on a sunny day, and pick male flowers about to shed pollen.

[0038] (4) Artificial pollination: When the female flower stigma opens into an inverted V shape, conduct artificial pollination at 08:00 on a sunny and windless day. When pollinating, open the sulfuric acid paper bag, remove all the fruiting parts, the discolored parts of the stigma, and the top of the female flower inflorescence. Cut open the pollen sac, and apply the 50 ppm solution of benfluralin and the pollen in the pollen sac to the female parent stigma in sequence, then seal it immediately. After 6 days, observe whether the female flower stigma is successfully pollinated. If the female flower is not pollinated or is insufficiently pollinated, select a new branch on the female plant for bagging to prepare for secondary supplementary pollination.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A cross-breeding method for dioecious industrial hemp for fiber use, using "Zhongdama No. 1" as the male parent and "Longdama No. 7" as the female parent to obtain the F1 generation. Then, using the F1 generation as the female parent and "Zhongdama No. 1" as the male parent for backcrossing to obtain dioecious industrial hemp for fiber use.

[0041] The methods of the above cross-breeding and backcrossing are the bagging isolation artificial pollination method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0042] (1) The female parent is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the budding stage. The flower-promoting regulator is composed of the following components in concentrations: 0.3 g / L of paclobutrazol, 0.5 g / L of boric acid, 0.4 g / L of gibberellin, and the balance of water; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 0.5 mL per square meter of leaf area.

[0043] (2) Female parent bagging: At the initial stage of female flower bud emergence, cover the female flowers with paper bags. Observe the stigma 5 days after bagging. Wait until the stigma shows an inverted V shape and is ready for pollination.

[0044] (3) Male parent pollen collection: At the initial stage of male flower anthesis, collect male inflorescences at 11:00 on a sunny day, and pick male flowers about to shed pollen.

[0045] (4) Artificial pollination: When the female flower stigma opens into an inverted V shape, conduct artificial pollination at 10:00 on a sunny and windless day. When pollinating, open the sulfuric acid paper bag, remove all the fruiting parts, the discolored parts of the stigma, and the top of the female flower inflorescence. Cut open the pollen sac, and apply the 100 ppm solution of benfluralin and the pollen in the pollen sac to the female parent stigma in sequence, then seal it immediately. After 10 days, observe whether the female flower stigma is successfully pollinated. If the female flower is not pollinated or is insufficiently pollinated, select a new branch on the female plant for bagging to prepare for tertiary supplementary pollination.

[0046] Experimental Example 1

[0047] Verify the effects of different pollination methods on the hybridization seed - setting rate of male and female parents:

[0048] The specific process is as follows:

[0049] Set six groups A, B, C, D, E, and F for a control experiment. Among them, group A belongs to conventional pollination without applying the solution of phthalanilic acid. The treatment methods of groups B, C, D, E, and F are the same as those in Example 1, only the concentrations of the phthalanilic acid solution are different. Apply the phthalanilic acid solution and pollen to the stigma of the female parent in sequence to complete pollination, seal the bag mouth well, and make good marks.

[0050] Experimental results: As shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Effects of different pollination methods on the hybridization seed - setting rate of male and female parents

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] It can be seen from Table 1 that for the hybridization combination, the hybridization seed - setting rate of group D is better than that of other treatments. Compared with group A, the hybridization seed - setting rate of group D has increased by 41.64%. When the concentration of the phthalanilic acid solution is 30 ppm, the hybridization seed - setting rate is 63.4%. When the concentration increases to 80 ppm, the hybridization seed - setting rate increases to 100%. However, with the increase of the concentration of the phthalanilic acid solution, the hybridization seed - setting rate decreases, indicating that treating the stigma of the female parent with an appropriate concentration of the phthalanilic acid solution during pollination can significantly improve the seed - setting rate of hybrid seeds.

[0055] Experimental Example 2

[0056] Experimental materials: Hybrid offspring seeds obtained from the cultivation in Examples 1 - 3, "Zhongdam 1", "Longdam 7".

[0057] Experimental site: Anda Closed Breeding Base, Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

[0058] The experiment adopts a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plot area is 12 m 2 , and a protection area of not less than 1.5 m is set around the experimental area. The seeds are sown in rows. The plot length is 8.0 m, the width is 1.5 m, with 10 rows, the row spacing is 0.15 m, the path between plots is 1.5 m, and the path between groups is 1.5 m. The seeding density of the tested varieties is 2.025 million plants / hm 2 , the seeding is uniform, and the field management is carried out according to the conventional production method and kept as consistent as possible. The whole area is harvested and the yield is measured.

[0059] After each experimental variety reached the technological maturity stage, it was harvested. The plant height, stem diameter, raw stem yield, dry stem production rate, dry stem yield, fiber yield, total retting rate and other yield traits were measured, and the average value was obtained by repeating the measurement three times. The plant height and stem diameter were measured by the direct measurement method. Dry stem production rate (%) = (dry stem weight / raw stem weight tested) × 100%; Total retting rate (%) = (total fiber weight / dry stem weight tested) × 100%; Fiber yield = raw stem yield × dry stem production rate × total retting rate.

[0060] Experimental results: As shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 Yield traits of industrial hemp of different varieties

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 2, the raw stem yield of Example 1 was 14325.1 kg / hm 2 , the dry stem yield was 13150.4 kg / hm 2 , the fiber yield was 3524.3 kg / hm 2 , and the total retting rate was 26.8%, which was much higher than that of the hybrid parents. It shows that the cross-breeding method of the present invention can cultivate a new variety of dioecious industrial hemp for fiber use with high fiber yield and quality.

[0065] As can be seen from the above examples and experimental examples, the industrial hemp seeds cultivated by the present invention through hybridization and backcrossing can combine the excellent traits of both parents after development, have good growth and development characteristics, fiber yield and quality, and can be widely promoted and planted.

[0066] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hybrid breeding of dioecious industrial hemp for fiber production, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: With "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" as the male parent and "Longdamarijuana No. 7" as the female parent, the F1 generation was obtained by hybridization. The F1 generation was used as the female parent and "Zhongdamarijuana No. 1" was used as the male parent for backcrossing to obtain fiber-type dioecious industrial hemp.

2. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybridization and backcrossing method is bag isolation artificial pollination method.

3. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mother plant is sprayed with a flower-promoting regulator before the bud-forming stage. The flower-promoting regulator includes the following components in concentrations: 0.1-0.3 g / L paclobutrazol, 0.3-0.5 g / L boric acid, 0.2-0.4 g / L gibberellin and the remainder water. The spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 0.1-0.5 mL / square meter of leaf area.

4. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of bagging female parents in the bagging isolation artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: bagging female flowers with paper bags at the early stage of female flower buds, observing the stigma 3 to 5 days after bagging, and preparing for pollination when the stigma is in an inverted figure eight shape.

5. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paper bag is a translucent sulfuric acid paper bag.

6. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for collecting male parent pollen in the bag isolation artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: collecting male inflorescences at 08:00-11:00 on a sunny day at the early stage of male flower pollen shedding, and picking male flowers that are about to shed pollen.

7. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The artificial pollination time in the bag isolation artificial pollination method is: when the female flower stigma opens and presents an inverted figure eight shape, the artificial pollination is carried out at 08:00-10:00 on a sunny and windless day or at 08:00-11:00 on a cloudy day.

8. The hybrid breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The artificial pollination comprises the following steps: applying 50-100 ppm of benzylamine solution and pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the female parent in sequence, putting on an isolation bag, and completing pollination.

9. Dioecious industrial hemp for fiber production bred by the hybrid breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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