Apis cerana swarms for crop pollination and application of apis cerana swarms

Abstract

The invention discloses an apis cerana swarm for crop pollination and application thereof. The apis cerana swarm for crop pollination comprises a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honey comb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent and a flower visiting stimulating nutrient. The apis cerana swarms do not use living queen bees, so that the risk of low pollination efficiency caused by queen loss of pollination swarms is solved; through limitation of the pheromone slow-release agent and the flower visiting stimulating nutrient, it is guaranteed that pollination bee colonies are healthy and stable, worker bees work fast, and the problem that the cost is high due to the fact that large and strong entity colonies are needed is solved; the natural environment is beneficial to the health and vitality of bees, the pesticide residue and disease damage resistance of pollination in a pollination service environment is enhanced, a complete pollination bee colony with high vitality does not need to be manufactured by breeding queen bees in a large amount and fully breeding the bee colony, and the method has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency and can be widely applied to pollination services of facility agriculture and base agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pollination, and particularly relates to a Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination and its application. Background Art

[0002] Pollination services provided by flower-visiting insects are important technologies in the pollination process of agricultural and forestry production such as fruits and melons. Currently, the main insect pollination technologies include using natural pollinating insect populations and cultivating pollinating insects. China has rich insect diversity, but the commercially developed pollinating insects mainly focus on introduced foreign bumblebee species, western honeybees, and native eastern honeybees. Among them, the European bumblebee Bombus terrestris has occupied the main market in greenhouse pollination. However, in the pollination of ecological orchards, the introduced bee species have insufficient resistance, are easily infected by pathogens and quickly decline. In addition, bumblebees have the habit of robbing honey, which has a destructive effect on some flower buds. Especially in open-field blueberry orchards, this honey-robbing behavior can cause a reduction in production. Western honeybees are important pollinating bees, ensuring global pollination ecological services and affecting agricultural yields, but their role in pollinating protected agriculture and native sporadic special nectar source crops is limited. The eastern honeybee, as an important native bee species in China, has the ability to adapt to various climate environments. The eastern honeybee Apis cerana (commonly known as the native bee) is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, providing a powerful pollination ecological function for the regional ecosystem and ensuring the diversity of most seed plants. At the same time, it also provides high-value pollination ecological services for agricultural and forestry production.

[0003] However, the crop pollination ability of eastern honeybee pollination colonies still needs to be fully studied and developed. Currently, when pollinating agricultural and forestry crops in China, there is no standard for controlling pesticide residues, and many crops that need pollination are treated with pesticides during the flowering period. After bees participate in pollination services, phenomena such as colony decline, queen loss, and colony collapse often occur, resulting in colony losses. Especially after the queen bee is unhealthy or even dies, the pollination ability of the colony is greatly reduced. To address this situation, many protected agriculture and large bases that use bee pollination require the use of healthy bee colonies with a certain level of vitality. This further increases the cost of pollination services.

[0004] Natural Chinese honeybee queens have the habit of going out to supplement mating. When the queen bee shows the behavior of leaving the nest, it is extremely easy to cause the loss of the queen in the greenhouse. After the bee colony loses the queen, worker bees will start laying eggs within a short time, and phenomena such as the production of drones and emergency queen cells will occur, and the colony quickly loses its foraging ability. Such a colony is extremely prone to flying away and collapsing after losing the control of the queen bee.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination and its application. The Chinese honeybee colony of the present invention does not use a live queen bee, solving the risk of low pollination efficiency caused by the loss of the queen bee in the pollination colony; through the limitation of the pheromone slow-release agent and the incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent, the health and stability of the pollination bee colony are ensured, and the worker bees are diligent in their work, solving the high cost problem of requiring a large and strong physical colony; by using substances that are naturally helpful for the health and vitality of bees, enhancing the ability of pollination in the pollination service environment to resist agricultural residues and disease damage, and without the need for a large number of queen bee rearing and sufficient breeding of bee colonies to produce a complete and strongly viable pollination bee colony, it has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, and can be widely applied to the pollination services of protected agriculture and base agriculture.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination, and the Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honey comb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and an incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent;

[0009] The pheromone slow-release agent is composed of a pheromone and a substrate, and the pheromone is composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0010] trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid 0.1 - 1 part, trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid 1 - 4 parts, and 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid 1 - 10 parts;

[0011] The incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent is composed of honey, compound amino acids, and active components: to promote the energy metabolism of pollination bees to obtain energy, resist agricultural residues and disease damage, and ensure the diligent flower-visiting behavior of the bee colony; the active components are composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0012] p-coumaric acid 0 - 1.2 parts, ABA (abscisic acid) 0 - 1 part, and quercetin 0.05 - 0.2 part.

[0013] Preferably, the surface of the paper beehive is treated with wax spraying or plastic film to carry out waterproofing;

[0014] The length of the paper beehive is 30 - 50 cm, the width is 15 - 30 cm, the height is 20 - 40 cm, and it is provided with 5 - 10 circular nest entrances with a diameter of 0.5 - 2.0 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the material of the paper beehive is cow dung corrugated paper or straw corrugated paper with a thickness of 0.3 - 2.5 cm, and the appearance is a wood grain appearance.

[0016] Preferably, 1 - 2 brood combs are placed in each paper beehive, and each brood comb includes 100 - 200 unsealed cells and 100 - 200 sealed cells.

[0017] Preferably, the Chinese honeybees include Apis cerana cerana.

[0018] Preferably, 1 to 2 honeycombs are placed in each paper beehive, and 10% to 30% of the area of each honeycomb is filled with the incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent.

[0019] Preferably, each paper beehive contains 200 to 2000 worker bees. The worker bees consist of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of the in-hive bees to the out-hive bees is (1 to 4):(1 to 4).

[0020] Preferably, the pheromone sustained-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of the pheromone in each paper beehive is 10 to 100 mg.

[0021] Preferably, the base material includes a cotton swab head, a filter tip and a wooden piece.

[0022] Preferably, the compound amino acid includes the following components in parts by weight:

[0023] Arginine 0.1 to 1 part, proline 0.1 to 2 parts and compound amino acid for bees 0.1 to 1 part.

[0024] Preferably, the content of the compound amino acid in the incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent is 0.2% to 0.4%, and the content of the active component is 0.003% to 0.008%.

[0025] The second aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination in plant pollination.

[0026] Preferably, when the above-mentioned Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination is used for pollination in an agricultural greenhouse or a planting base, 1 to 2 of the above-mentioned Chinese honeybee colonies for crop pollination are used in a 100 - 300 m 2 greenhouse; 1 to 2 of the above-mentioned Chinese honeybee colonies for crop pollination are used per hectare of the planting base.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention at least include:

[0028] The Chinese honeybee colony of the present invention does not use a live queen bee, solving the risk of low pollination efficiency caused by the loss of the queen bee in the pollination colony; through the limitation of the pheromone sustained-release agent and the incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent, it ensures the health and stability of the pollination bee colony, and the worker bees work diligently, solving the high cost problem of requiring a large and strong physical colony; it utilizes substances that are naturally helpful for the health and vitality of bees, enhancing the ability of pollination to resist the harm of agricultural residues and diseases in the pollination service environment, and does not require a large number of queen bee rearing and full breeding of bee colonies to produce a complete and strong pollination bee colony with high vitality. It has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, and can be widely applied to the pollination services of protected agriculture and base agriculture.

[0029] After the Apis cerana colonies for crop pollination in the present invention complete short-term pollination, since the cost is low, they can simply die off on their own during the tenure, without the cost of recovering high-cost complete pollination colonies. Moreover, if the bee colonies are still in a healthy state after pollination, a queen bee can be introduced again to restore them to normal bee colonies for bee product production. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The Apis cerana used in the following embodiments is Apis cerana cerana.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] This embodiment is an Apis cerana colony for crop pollination. The Apis cerana colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honeycomb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and an incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent.

[0034] The surface of the paper beehive is waxed for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The paper beehive is 35 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 25 cm high, and is provided with 5 circular hive entrances with a diameter of 1.0 cm.

[0035] Each paper beehive contains 2 brood combs with a size of 35 cm in length and 15 cm in height. Each brood comb includes 100 unsealed cells and 200 sealed cells.

[0036] Each paper beehive contains 2 honeycombs with a size of 35 cm in length and 15 cm in height. 20% of the area of each honeycomb is filled with an incentive flower-visiting nutrient agent.

[0037] Each paper beehive contains 2000 worker bees. The worker bees are composed of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of in-hive bees to out-hive bees is 1:2.

[0038] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of the pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg. The pheromone slow-release agent is composed of a pheromone and a substrate. The substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0039] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid, and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.

[0040] The flower-visiting stimulating nutrient is composed of honey, compound amino acids and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the flower-visiting stimulating nutrient is 0.3%, the content of active components is 0.005%, and the active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA and 0.2 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 1 part of proline and 0.5 part of compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Green Ear Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0041] The blueberry base is pollinated at a density of 1 honey bee colony / hectare for crop pollination; a pollination base lacking natural pollinating insects is used as a control, and the water and fertilizer management method is the same, and no pesticides are used; the fruit setting rate of the honey bee colony pollinated by the present invention reaches 95%, and the fruit setting rate of the self-pollination control plot is 45%. After pollination, the fruits are uniformly full, and the yield is 6 times that of the control base; the colony mortality rate is 3%. After pollination, the queen bee is introduced to restore the normal colony.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment is a Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination, which includes a paper beehive, brood combs, honey combs, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and a nutrient agent that encourages flower visitation;

[0044] The surface of the paper beehive is sprayed with wax for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 35 cm, the width is 20 cm, the height is 25 cm, and there are 5 circular nest doors with a diameter of 1.0 cm.

[0045] Each paper beehive contains two brood combs, 35 cm long and 15 cm high. Each brood comb contains 100 uncapped honeycombs and 200 capped honeycombs.

[0046] Two honey combs are placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm long and 15 cm high. 20% of the area of ​​each honey comb is filled with nutrients that encourage flower visiting;

[0047] Each paper beehive contains 2,000 worker bees, which are composed of internal bees and external bees, with the mass ratio of internal bees to external bees being 1:2.

[0048] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in a paper beehive, and the storage amount of pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg; the pheromone slow-release agent is composed of pheromone and a substrate, the substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0049] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0050] The flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent is composed of honey, compound amino acids and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent is 0.3%, and the content of active components is 0.005%. The active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA, and 0.1 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 1 part of proline, and 0.5 part of compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Lv'er Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0051] For open-field blueberry bases, pollination is carried out at a density of 1 Apis cerana colony per hectare for crop pollination; a natural pollination insect pollination base mainly composed of wild Apis cerana is used as a control. The water and fertilizer management methods are the same, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period; the fruit setting rate of the pollination plot with Apis cerana colonies of the present invention reaches 92%, and the fruit setting rate of the control plot is 55%. The fruits after pollination are uniform and plump, and the yield is 5 times that of the control base; the mortality rate of the bee colonies is 15%. After the pollination ends, a queen bee is introduced, and the bee colonies return to normal.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This example is an Apis cerana colony for crop pollination. The Apis cerana colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honeycomb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and a flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent;

[0054] The surface of the paper beehive is waxed for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 30 cm, the width is 15 cm, the height is 25 cm, and it is provided with 5 circular nest entrances with a diameter of 1.0 cm;

[0055] One brood comb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height; each brood comb includes 100 unsealed cells and 100 sealed cells;

[0056] One honeycomb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height. 20% of the area of each honeycomb is filled with the flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent;

[0057] Each paper beehive includes 1000 worker bees. The worker bees are composed of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of in-hive bees to out-hive bees is 1:2;

[0058] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg; the pheromone slow-release agent is composed of pheromone and a substrate. The substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0059] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid, and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0060] The flower-visiting stimulating nutrient is composed of honey, compound amino acids and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the flower-visiting stimulating nutrient is 0.3%, the content of active components is 0.005%, and the active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA and 0.1 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 1 part of proline and 0.5 part of compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Green Ear Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0061] A 300-square-meter colony of Chinese honey bees used for crop pollination was used for pollination in an off-season blueberry greenhouse. A commercial bumblebee hive (about 400 European bumblebee hives) was used as a control for pollination in the greenhouse. The water and fertilizer management methods were the same, and no pesticides were used. The fruit set rate of the bee colony pollinated by this scheme reached 98%, while the fruit set rate of the bumblebee pollination control greenhouse was 72%. After the design of this scheme, the fruits of the Chinese honey bee colony pollinated were uniform and full, and the yield was 1.5 times that of the bumblebee pollination greenhouse. The mortality rate of the bee colony due to pesticide residue poisoning was 15%. After the pollination was completed, the queen bee was introduced and the colony was restored to a normal colony. The mortality rate of the control European bumblebee colony infected with pathogens reached 90%, and it could not survive.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] This embodiment is a Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination, which includes a paper beehive, brood combs, honey combs, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and a nutrient agent that encourages flower visitation;

[0064] The surface of the paper beehive is sprayed with wax for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 30 cm, the width is 15 cm, the height is 25 cm, and there are 5 circular nest doors with a diameter of 1.0 cm.

[0065] Each paper beehive contains one brood comb, which is 30 cm long and 15 cm high. Each brood comb contains 100 uncapped honeycombs and 100 capped honeycombs.

[0066] Place one honey comb in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm long and 15 cm high, and 20% of the area of ​​each honey comb is filled with nutrients that encourage flower visiting;

[0067] Each paper beehive contains 500 worker bees, which are composed of internal bees and external bees, and the mass ratio of internal bees to external bees is 1:2.

[0068] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in a paper beehive, and the storage amount of pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg; the pheromone slow-release agent is composed of pheromone and a substrate, the substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0069] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid, and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0070] The pollination-stimulating nutrient agent is composed of honey, compound amino acids, and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the pollination-stimulating nutrient agent is 0.3%, and the content of active components is 0.005%. The active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA, and 0.1 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 2 parts of proline, and 0.5 part of the compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Green Ear Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0071] One Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination is used for pollination in the blueberry off-season planting greenhouse at a density of 300 square meters. The self-pollination and the greenhouse pollinated by commercial bumblebee nests (400 individual European bumblebee nests) are used as controls. The water and fertilizer management methods are the same, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate of the bee colony pollination plot in this scheme reaches 92%, the fruit rate of the control self-pollination plot greenhouse is 46%, and the fruit setting rate of the commercial bumblebee pollination is 73%. The fruits after pollination are uniform and plump, and the yield is 5 times that of the natural self-pollination control greenhouse and 2.5 times that of the bumblebee pollination greenhouse. The mortality rate of the pollination bee colony in this scheme due to pesticide residues in the body is 15%. After the pollination ends, a queen bee is introduced and fed with detoxifying honey to restore it to a normal bee colony. The mortality rate of the control bumblebee colony reaches 85% and it can no longer survive.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] This example is a Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination. The Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honeycomb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent, and a pollination-stimulating nutrient agent;

[0074] The surface of the paper beehive is waxed for waterproofing and the surface has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 30 cm, the width is 15 cm, the height is 25 cm, and it is provided with 5 circular nest entrances with a diameter of 1.0 cm;

[0075] One brood comb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height; each brood comb includes 100 unsealed cells and 100 sealed cells;

[0076] One honeycomb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height. 20% of the area of each honeycomb is filled with the pollination-stimulating nutrient agent;

[0077] Each paper beehive includes 500 worker bees. The worker bees are composed of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of in-hive bees to out-hive bees is 1:2;

[0078] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in a paper beehive, and the storage amount of the pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg; the pheromone slow-release agent is composed of a pheromone and a substrate, the substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0079] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid and 10 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0080] The incentive flower-visiting nutrient is composed of honey, compound amino acids and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the incentive flower-visiting nutrient is 0.3%, the content of active components is 0.005%, and the active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA and 0.2 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 1 part of proline and 1 part of bee compound amino acids produced by Kunming Lv'er Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0081] One Apis cerana colony for crop pollination is used for pollinating blueberry off-season planting greenhouses at a density of 300 square meters. Taking the pollinated greenhouse of a natural medium-strength bee colony (1000 worker bees, the original colony needs to supplement the queen produced in May, 200 capped brood combs, and the honey comb is full of honey) as a control, the water and fertilizer management methods are the same, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate of the plot pollinated by the bee colony in this scheme reaches 95%, and the fruit setting rate of the control plot is 65%. After pollination, the fruits are uniform and plump, and the yield is 1.5 times that of the control greenhouse pollinated by the natural medium-strength Apis cerana colony. The mortality rate of pesticide residues poisoning after pollination by the bee colony in this scheme is 12%. After the pollination is over, a queen bee is introduced to restore it to a normal bee colony. The mortality rate of the control medium-strength Apis cerana is 60%, and the queen bee goes out and is trapped and killed in the greenhouse, resulting in the loss of the queen, and the bee colony shows worker bee laying and collapse.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] This example is an Apis cerana colony for crop pollination, and the Apis cerana colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honey comb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent and an incentive flower-visiting nutrient;

[0084] The surface of the paper beehive is waxed for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 30 cm, the width is 15 cm, the height is 25 cm, and it is provided with 5 circular nest entrances with a diameter of 1.0 cm;

[0085] One brood comb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height; each brood comb includes 100 unsealed cells and 100 sealed cells;

[0086] One honey comb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height, and 20% of the area of each honey comb is filled with the incentive flower-visiting nutrient;

[0087] Each paper beehive contains 500 worker bees, which are composed of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of in-hive bees to out-hive bees is 1:2;

[0088] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg; the pheromone slow-release agent is composed of pheromone and a substrate, the substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0089] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0090] The incentive flower-visiting nutrient is composed of honey, compound amino acids and active components: the content of compound amino acids in the incentive flower-visiting nutrient is 0.3%, the content of active components is 0.005%, and the active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 0.5 part of ABA and 0.1 part of quercetin; the compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 0.5 part of arginine, 0.5 part of proline and 1 part of compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Lv'er Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0091] One Apis cerana colony for crop pollination at a density of 300 square meters is used for pollination in the blueberry off-season planting greenhouse. Taking the Apis cerana colony pollination greenhouse with a natural strong colony (2000 worker bees, the original colony produces a queen in March, 1 brood comb has 1000 sealed broods, and 2 honey combs are full of honey) as a control, the water and fertilizer management methods are the same, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate of the plot pollinated by the bee colony in this scheme reaches 91%, and the fruit setting rate of the control plot is 70%. After pollination, the fruits are uniform and plump, and the yield is 1.4 times that of the control greenhouse pollinated by the natural Apis cerana colony. The mortality rate of the bee colony in this scheme due to pesticide residues in the agricultural products after pollination is 10%. After the pollination is over, a queen is introduced and the bees are fed with detoxifying honey to restore to a normal bee colony. The mortality rate of the control natural pollination group is 50%, and the bee colony shows worker laying and collapse.

[0092] Example 7

[0093] This example is an Apis cerana colony for crop pollination, and the Apis cerana colony for crop pollination includes a paper beehive, a brood comb, a honey comb, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent and an incentive flower-visiting nutrient;

[0094] The surface of the paper beehive is waxed for waterproofing and has a wood grain appearance. The length of the paper beehive is 30 cm, the width is 15 cm, the height is 25 cm, and 5 circular nest entrances with a diameter of 1.0 cm are provided;

[0095] One brood comb is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height; each brood comb includes 100 unsealed cells and 100 sealed cells;

[0096] One honeycomb frame is placed in each paper beehive, with a size of 30 cm in length and 15 cm in height. 20% of the area of each honeycomb frame is filled with a flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent;

[0097] Each paper beehive contains 500 worker bees. The worker bees consist of in-hive bees and out-hive bees, and the mass ratio of in-hive bees to out-hive bees is 1:2;

[0098] The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of pheromone in each paper beehive is 50 mg. The pheromone slow-release agent consists of pheromone and a substrate. The substrate is a cotton swab head, and the pheromone is composed of the following components by weight:

[0099] 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 3.5 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid, and 5 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid;

[0100] The flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent is composed of honey, compound amino acids, and active components. The content of compound amino acids in the flower-visiting incentive nutrient agent is 0.3%, and the content of active components is 0.005%. The active components are composed of the following components by weight: 1 part of p-coumaric acid, 1 part of ABA, and 0.1 part of quercetin. The compound amino acids include the following components by weight: 1 part of arginine, 1 part of proline, and 0.5 part of compound amino acids for bees produced by Kunming Lv'er Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0101] One Apis cerana colony for crop pollination at a density of 1 colony / ha is used for pollinating the open-field blueberry base. Taking a complete strong Apis cerana colony (3000 worker bees, a newly introduced laying queen, 2 brood combs with 2000 sealed broods, and 2 honeycombs full of honey) pollinating the base as a control, the water and fertilizer management methods are the same, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate of the plot pollinated by the bee colony in this scheme reaches 95%, and the fruit setting rate of the control plot is 78%. After the pollination test, both the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse show that the fruits are evenly plump, but the yield of the test greenhouse is 1.5 times that of the control plot pollinated by the natural strong Apis cerana colony. The mortality rate of bee colonies poisoned by agricultural residues after pollination in this scheme is 10%. After the pollination ends, a queen is introduced and detoxifying honey is fed to restore the bee colony to a normal state. The poisoning mortality rate of the control strong colony of pollinating bees is 40%, the strength of the bee colony weakens, and it is restored to a normal bee colony after feeding detoxifying honey.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] Two colonies / ha of commercial Bombus terrestris colonies with 400 worker bees are used for pollinating the open-field blueberry base. The water and fertilizer management methods are the same as those in the example, and low-residue insecticides for controlling flower thrips and aphids are used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate is 65%, and the yield is 3 times that of the base pollinated by natural pollinators. After pollination ends, all bee colonies are poisoned by agricultural residues and die from pathogen infection, and the pollination cost is high.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] A natural strong colony of Apis cerana (2000 worker bees, a queen produced in February originally, 2 brood combs with 1000 sealed broods, 2 honey combs full of honey) was used to pollinate a one-hectare open-field blueberry base. The water and fertilizer management was the same as that in the examples, and a low-residue insecticide for controlling flower thrips and aphids was used within 1 week before the flowering period. The fruit setting rate was 65%, the yield was 3 times that of the base pollinated by natural pollinators. The mortality rate of worker bees in the natural pollination colony was 80%, the bee colony collapsed, and the pollination cost was high.

[0106] Comparative Example 3

[0107] A local species of Bombus breviceps colony with 300 worker bees at a density of 2 colonies per hectare was used to pollinate an open-field blueberry base. The water and fertilizer management was the same as that in the examples, and a low-residue insecticide for controlling flower thrips and aphids was used within 1 week before the flowering period; the fruit setting rate was 73%, the yield was 4 times that of the base pollinated by natural pollinators. There was the harm of honey theft by bumblebees. 50% of the bee colonies were poisoned by agricultural residues and died of pathogen infection after the pollination ended, and the pollination cost was high.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims and the description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination, characterized in that: The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination comprises a paper beehive, brood combs, honey combs, worker bees, a pheromone slow-release agent and a nutrient agent for stimulating flower visitation; The pheromone sustained-release agent is composed of pheromone and a base material, and the pheromone is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 1 part of trans-9-oxo-dec-2-enoic acid, 1 to 4 parts of trans-10-hydroxy-dec-2-enoic acid and 1 to 10 parts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid; The flower-visiting stimulating nutrient comprises honey, complex amino acids and active components. The active components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0-1.2 parts of p-coumaric acid, 0-1 parts of ABA and 0.05-0.2 parts of quercetin.

2. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the paper beehive is sprayed with wax or treated with plastic film to make it waterproof; The paper beehive has a length of 30 to 50 cm, a width of 15 to 30 cm, a height of 20 to 40 cm, and is provided with 5 to 10 circular nest doors with a diameter of 0.5 to 2.0 cm.

3. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: One to two brood combs are placed in each of the paper beehives, and each of the brood combs includes 100 to 200 uncapped honeycombs and 100 to 200 capped honeycombs.

4. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: One to two honey combs are placed in each of the paper beehives, and 10% to 30% of the area of ​​each honey comb is filled with the nutrient agent that encourages flower visiting.

5. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the paper beehives comprises 200 to 2000 worker bees, wherein the worker bees are composed of office bees and field bees, and the mass ratio of the office bees to the field bees is (1 to 4): (1 to 4).

6. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pheromone slow-release agent is stored in the paper beehive, and the storage amount of the pheromone in each paper beehive is 10-100 mg.

7. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate comprises a cotton swab head, a filter tip and wood chips.

8. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1 part of arginine, 0.1-2 parts of proline and 0.1-1 part of complex amino acids for bees.

9. The Chinese honey bee colony for crop pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of the composite amino acid in the flower-visiting stimulating nutrient is 0.2% to 0.4%, and the content of the active component is 0.003% to 0.008%.

10. Use of the Chinese honeybee colony for crop pollination as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 in plant pollination.