Application of rice PAL2 protein in regulation and control of panicle type or yield of plant
By regulating the expression or mutation of the PAL2 protein in rice and regulating the ear type and yield of rice, the problem of unclear molecular mechanism of rice ear development has been solved, and the increase in rice yield has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411883608.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-03
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is not clear enough about the molecular mechanism of rice ear development, lacks new genes that can improve yield, affecting the efficiency of rice breeding.
By regulating the expression level of rice PAL2 protein or performing T598I mutations, the ear type or yield of plants is regulated, including increasing or reducing cobs, branch stems, and ear grain count.
It significantly increases the length of rice ears, branch stems and ear grains, enhances rice yield, and provides new high-yield rice breeding genetic resources.
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Figure CN120081918A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of breeding, and particularly to the application of rice PAL2 protein in regulating the panicle type or yield of plants. Background Art
[0002] Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important existing food crops, and its yield and quality directly affect food security and living standards. The rice panicle type has always been one of the important contents of rice genetics and breeding research and is one of the important traits affecting rice yield. The rice panicle structure is a panicle inflorescence, which consists of a main axis, primary branches, secondary branches, and spikelets borne on the branches. According to the length of the panicle axis, the density of the number of branches and spikelets, and traits such as whether it is upright, the rice panicle type can be divided into long and short panicles, sparse and dense panicles, and curved and straight panicles.
[0003] In recent years, with the completion of the rice whole-genome sequencing work and the development of rice molecular biology and functional genomics, many genes related to regulating panicle development have been mapped and cloned using genetic populations and mutants. Although the effects of these genes vary, they basically participate in the formation of branch meristems, the size of branch meristems, the transition time of spikelet meristems, and the regulation of branch elongation.
[0004] OSH1 is a key factor for the initiation and maintenance of the rice apical meristem. The loss-of-function mutation of OSH1 leads to meristem defects, resulting in a smaller panicle type and a decrease in the number of spikelets. The sparse panicle gene LAX1 controls the number of panicle branches by regulating the initiation and maintenance of axillary meristems at the panicle neck. LAX1 can interact with LAX2, and the two cooperate to regulate the number of rice panicle branches. The cytokinin oxidase gene Gn1a / OsCKX2 is the major QTL for the number of grains per panicle in rice. After its mutation, the cytokinin content increases, and the activity of the young panicle meristem increases, thereby producing more spikelets. RCN1 and RCN2 determine the rice panicle type by controlling the transition of meristem identity. Their constitutive expression delays the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, resulting in an increase in the number of panicle branches and a denser panicle. The gain-of-function mutant of TAW1 delays the transition of panicle branch meristems to spikelet meristem identity, thereby producing more branches and spikelets. SP1 is a regulator of panicle branch elongation. The loss-of-function mutant of SP1 delays or degenerates the development of primary branches, resulting in a decrease in the number of primary branches and a shorter panicle length. The dominant allelic variation of the DEP1 gene can promote cell division, reduce the length of the panicle neck node, and make the rice panicle denser, increase the number of branches, and increase the number of grains per panicle. After the loss of function of DEP2, the panicle axis and branches are shortened, and the panicle is upright.
[0005] Although certain progress has been made in the current research on rice young panicle development, due to the complexity of rice inflorescence development, the related mechanisms are still not very clear. Therefore, further analyzing the molecular mechanism of rice panicle development and mining related new genes, especially genes with the potential to increase yield, will provide a theoretical basis and gene resources for high-yield rice breeding. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides the application of rice PAL2 protein in regulating the panicle type or yield of plants.
[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides the application of rice PAL2 protein, or its coding gene, or a biological material containing its coding gene in regulating the panicle type or yield of plants.
[0008] Furthermore, the panicle type includes one or more of the following: the length of the lowermost internode of the rachis, the length of the branch internode, the length of the pedicel of the apical spikelet, the panicle length, the number of primary branches, the number of secondary branches, or the number of spikelets.
[0009] The present invention further provides the application of rice PAL2 protein, or its coding gene, or a biological material containing its coding gene in cultivating transgenic rice or improving the germplasm resources of rice.
[0010] Furthermore, the cultivation of transgenic rice is to cultivate transgenic rice with excellent panicle type or high-yield transgenic rice.
[0011] Furthermore, one or more of the following are increased: the length of the lowermost internode of the rachis, the length of the branch internode, the length of the pedicel of the apical spikelet, the panicle length, or the number of primary branches, and one or more of the following are decreased: the number of secondary branches, the number of spikelets, or the yield, by any of the following methods: i) increasing the expression level of the rice PAL2 protein in the plant; ii) mutating the rice PAL2 protein in the plant, preferably to T598I.
[0012] The increase in the expression level of the gene in the present invention can be carried out by conventional methods in the prior art. The gene of the plant itself can be overexpressed, or the gene of other plants (heterologous expression) can be overexpressed. Overexpression can be carried out by conventional methods in the art, such as introducing an overexpression vector into the plant.
[0013] The mutation method T598I in the present invention is a commonly used expression method in the art, where T is the amino acid before mutation, 598 is the mutation site, and I is the amino acid after mutation. One way to achieve this mutation can be that the 1793rd base of the coding gene of rice PAL2 protein, starting from the start codon, is mutated from C to T.
[0014] Furthermore, the rice PAL2 protein includes any one of the following amino acid sequences: (1) The amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1; (2) An amino acid sequence of a protein with the same function obtained by substitution, insertion or deletion of one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1.
[0015] Furthermore, the coding gene of the rice PAL2 protein includes any one of the following nucleotide sequences: (1) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.2; (2) A nucleotide sequence capable of encoding a protein with the same function obtained by substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.2; (3) A nucleotide sequence that can hybridize with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.2 under stringent conditions.
[0016] Furthermore, the plant is a monocotyledon or a dicotyledon, preferably rice.
[0017] Furthermore, the biological material is an expression cassette, a vector or a transgenic cell.
[0018] The transgenic cell of the present invention does not include a transgenic cell capable of independently developing into a complete individual, that is, it does not include a plant variety.
[0019] Furthermore, the vector includes the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1305.1 or its derivative vector, and the transgenic cell is an Agrobacterium cell or an Escherichia coli cell.
[0020] The vector and the transgenic cell can be understood as the vector and the transgenic cell used by those skilled in the art in the process of transgenesis. However, with the development of technology, the selection of the vector and the transgenic cell may change, or in the application fields other than the purpose of transgenesis, the use of the vector and the transgenic cell is also involved, but as long as it contains the gene or the vector of the present invention, it is within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0021] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a transgenic plant, including: Regulating the expression level of the rice PAL2 protein in the plant; The includes any one of the following amino acid sequences: (1) The amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1; (2)An amino acid sequence of a protein with the same function obtained by substitution, insertion or deletion of one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1.
[0022] Furthermore, the expression level of rice PAL2 protein in the plant is regulated by any one of the following methods: Transgenic, hybridization, backcrossing, self-crossing or asexual reproduction; The transgenic preferably includes one or more of the following methods: Ti plasmid, plant virus vector, direct DNA transformation, microinjection, gene gun, electroporation or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
[0023] Furthermore, the T598I mutation can also be performed on the rice PAL2 protein in the plant.
[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a mutant of rice PAL2 protein, including: the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.4; preferably encoded by the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.5.
[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention first discovers the rice PAL2 protein and its encoding gene that affect the size of rice panicle type, and verifies through experiments that the rice PAL2 protein has the function of regulating rice panicle type. The deletion of the PAL2 gene results in a significant decrease in panicle length, an increase in the number of branch peduncles and spikelets, while appropriately increasing the expression of the PAL2 gene or introducing excellent alleles of the PAL2 gene through hybridization technology can increase the panicle length, the number of branch peduncles and spikelets of rice, and ultimately increase the rice yield. The application of the rice PAL2 protein provided by the present invention can be used to improve rice germplasm resources, providing a new direction for the breeding and preparation of high-yield rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0027] Figure 1 For the wild type Chunjiang 06 provided in Example 1 of the present invention and pal2 the phenotypes of the mutants; where A is the panicle type in the vertical state, B is the panicle type in the closed state, C is the panicle type in the unfolded state, D is the first internode at the lower part of the panicle axis, E is the internode of the branch peduncle, F is the pedicel, and G-J are the statistical analyses of panicle length, the number of primary branch peduncles, the number of secondary branch peduncles and the number of spikelets, respectively.
[0028] Figure 2 The gene localization map provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention PAL2
[0029] Figure 3 The ear type comparison diagram of the wild type, pal2 mutant and PAL2 transgenic complementary plants provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; wherein A is the ear type in the closed state, and B is the ear type in the unfolded state. C-F are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, and the number of spikelets per ear, respectively.
[0030] Figure 4 The ear type comparison of the wild type, pal2 mutant and transgenic plants of other genes (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF5, ORF6) in the deletion interval provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 5 The natural variation analysis of the gene and the construction of near-isogenic lines of excellent alleles provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; wherein A is the haplotype analysis of the PAL2 gene using 524 micro-core rice germplasms, B and C are the statistical analyses of ear length and the number of spikelets per ear of two haplotypes of the PAL2 gene, D is the construction of near-isogenic lines of excellent haplotypes using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) (Hap2) and Zhendao 88 (ZD88) (Hap1), E and F are the ear types of Zhendao 88 and two near-isogenic lines in the closed state and the unfolded state, respectively, and G-K are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, the number of spikelets per ear, and the plot yield, respectively. PAL2 gene, D is the construction of near-isogenic lines of excellent haplotypes using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) (Hap2) and Zhendao 88 (ZD88) (Hap1), E and F are the ear types of Zhendao 88 and two near-isogenic lines in the closed state and the unfolded state, respectively, and G-K are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, the number of spikelets per ear, and the plot yield, respectively. PAL2 gene, D is the construction of near-isogenic lines of excellent haplotypes using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) (Hap2) and Zhendao 88 (ZD88) (Hap1), E and F are the ear types of Zhendao 88 and two near-isogenic lines in the closed state and the unfolded state, respectively, and G-K are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, the number of spikelets per ear, and the plot yield, respectively.
[0032] Figure 6 The result diagram after gene knockout provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; wherein A is the knockout example of two knockout lines, B and C are the comparison of ears and ear types of two knockout lines, PAL2 mutant and wild type, and D-G are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, and the number of spikelets per ear of two knockout lines, pal2 mutant and wild type. pal2 gene, D is the construction of near-isogenic lines of excellent haplotypes using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) (Hap2) and Zhendao 88 (ZD88) (Hap1), E and F are the ear types of Zhendao 88 and two near-isogenic lines in the closed state and the unfolded state, respectively, and G-K are the statistical analyses of ear length, the number of primary rachis branches, the number of secondary rachis branches, the number of spikelets per ear, and the plot yield, respectively. Detailed implementation manners
[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0034] For the experimental methods involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, they are all conventional methods in the art. For example, they can be referred to the experimental manuals in the art or carried out according to the conditions recommended in the manufacturer's instructions.
[0035] For the experimental materials and reagents involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, they can all be obtained from commercial sources.
[0036] Example 1 pal2 Obtaining of Mutant and Phenotypic Analysis In the present invention, the japonica rice variety Chunjiang 06 was mutagenized by 60Co-γ radiation to obtain a mutant with erect, short and dense panicles. pal2 ( panicle length 2 ) ( Figure 1 A-C of). Compared with the wild type, pal2 the lowest internode of the rachis, the internodes of the branchlets and the pedicels of the apical spikelets of the mutant were all shortened ( Figure 1 D-F of). Twenty samples of the wild type and pal2 the mutant were respectively selected, and their panicle lengths, numbers of primary branchlets, numbers of secondary branchlets and numbers of spikelets were statistically analyzed. The analysis results showed that the panicle length of the rice pal2 mutant was reduced by 36.83% compared with the wild type, the number of primary branchlets was reduced by 8.85%, but the numbers of secondary branchlets and spikelets were increased by 90.38% and 19.14% respectively compared with the wild type ( Figure 1 G-J of).
[0037] Example 2 PAL2 Gene Mapping The pal2 mutant was crossed with the indica rice variety Dular with normal phenotype and high nucleic acid polymorphism to obtain F 1 , and F 1 was self-crossed to obtain an F 2 segregating population, and genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out using the F 2 population. Analysis of the lines with trait segregation in the F 2 generation showed that the normal and mutant plants both conformed to the segregation ratio of 3:1, indicating that this mutant trait was controlled by a pair of recessive genes.
[0038] Using 10 mutants of F 2 as materials, a large number of Indel markers evenly distributed on 12 rice chromosomes developed by aligning the whole genome sequence of the indica rice variety Dular sequenced in this experiment with the genome sequence of the japonica rice variety Nipponbare provided on NCBI (http: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / ) were used for preliminary mapping, and the candidate gene was located between the R2-12.971 and R2-8B4 markers on chromosome 2 ( Figure 2(A) (The primers used are shown in Table 1), and the size of this interval is approximately 3 Mb. However, continuing to expand the F 2 generation mapping population still could not narrow down the mapping interval, so whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed on the wild type and pal2 mutant using next-generation sequencing. The results showed that there was a deletion of a 543.262-kb fragment in the mutant within the above-mentioned mapping interval ( pal2 (B), which was also the reason why the mapping interval could not be further narrowed. PCR primers were designed on the flanks of the deletion breakpoints for PCR amplification verification (the primers used are shown in Table 1). It was found that a band with an expected size of 750 bp could be amplified from the genomic DNA of the Figure 2 mutant, while the target band could not be amplified from the wild type ( pal2 (C), indicating that Figure 2 there was indeed a large fragment deletion in the mutant. Sequencing analysis of the PCR products identified the specific deletion sites. According to the gene annotation information provided by the Rice Genome Annotation Project website (http: / / rice.plantbiology.msu.edu / ), most of the genes in this interval were transposon genes, and only a few were protein-expression genes ( pal2 (D). Figure 2
[0039] Table 1 Primer sequences for molecular marker and PCR amplification verification of the deleted fragment
[0040] Example 3 Obtaining Transgenic Plants and Their Phenotypic Identification To identify the specific genes controlling the target trait, the full-length genomic DNAs of 6 genes (ORF1: LOC_Os02g25020, ORF2: LOC_Os02g25060, ORF3: LOC_Os02g25080, ORF4: LOC_Os02g25230, ORF5: LOC_Os02g25240, ORF6: LOC_Os02g25449) in this deletion interval were respectively subjected to PCR amplification to construct functional complementation vectors driven by their own promoters. A certain length of sequence before the translation start site ATG was selected as the promoter of the gene, and both the promoter region and the genomic DNA were amplified simultaneously (the primers used are shown in Table 2). An Eco RI site was introduced at the 5' end of the amplified fragment, and an Pml I site was introduced at the 3' end. The lengths of the PCR products are shown in Table 2 (excluding the homologous sequences on the vector). Finally, each gene's own promoter together with the entire genome (where ORF4 (i.e., PAL2: The sequence (self-promoter + genomic sequence) of LOC_Os02g25230) as shown in SEQ ID NO.3 was ligated together into the Eco RI and Pml I sites to form a complementary vector driven by the self-promoter.
[0041] Each of the constructed complementary vectors was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and used to infect pal2 calli induced from mutant seeds. In the T 0 generation of transgenic plants, 15 (ORF1), 10 (ORF2), 11 (ORF3), 13 (ORF4), 13 (ORF5), and 17 (ORF6) independent transgenic lines were obtained respectively. Among them, 11 lines of the plants transformed with ORF4 were restored to the wild-type phenotype and were named PAL2 -C1, PAL2 -C2, PAL2 -C3, PAL2 -C4, PAL2 -C5, PAL2 -C6, PAL2 -C7, PAL2 -C8, PAL2 -C9, PAL2 -C10, PAL2 -C11. Detailed investigations and statistics on the panicle traits of two of these lines ( PAL2 -C1 and PAL2 -C2) were carried out. The results showed that the panicle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, and number of spikelets per panicle of the plants transformed with the ORF4 gene reached or even exceeded the wild-type level ( Figure 3 A-F), and the other 9 transgenic plants PAL2 -C3 to PAL2 -C11 had similar phenotypes. However, the panicle types of the plants transformed with other genes (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF5, and ORF6) were still the same as those of the pal2 mutants ( Figure 4 ), and the panicle types were short compared to the wild type. These results indicate that pal2 the change in the panicle type of the PAL2 mutant was indeed caused by the mutation of the
[0042] Table 2 Primer sequences for amplifying genes in the deletion interval (excluding homologous sequences on the vector)
[0043] Example 4 PAL2 Superior alleles improve rice yield Using 524 core germplasms from the 3K Rice Genome Project (Wang et al. Genomic variation in 3,010 diverse accessions of Asian cultivated rice [J]. Nature, 2018, 557(7703): 43-49.), the variation of PAL2 gene in the natural population was analyzed. After removing intron variations and synonymous mutations, two major haplotypes were identified: Hap1 and Hap2. Among them, Hap1 was mainly japonica rice ( japonica ), ( Figure 5 with A at the 1793bp nucleotide being C), while Hap2 was mainly indica rice ( indica ), ( Figure 5 with the nucleotide at the 1793bp mutated from A to T, resulting in the T598I mutation). To explore the effects of the above two PAL2 haplotypes on the panicle type and yield of rice, the panicle traits of the germplasms containing each haplotype were first investigated. The results showed that both the panicle length and the number of grains per panicle of Hap2 were significantly higher than those of Hap1 ( Figure 5 B and C), indicating that Hap2 has the potential to improve the panicle type and increase the yield.
[0044] To further clarify the contribution of Hap2 to rice yield, the indica rice variety Huanghuazhan (HHZ) containing Hap2 (Zhou Shaochuan, Li Hong, Huang Daoqiang, et al. Analysis of the excellent traits and breeding effects of Huanghuazhan, a core germplasm of high-quality rice suitable for early, middle, and late rice [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology in China, 2008, 10(3): 77-83.) was crossed with the excellent japonica rice variety Zhendao 88 (ZD88) containing Hap1 (Li Ying, Liu Yousen. New rice variety - Zhendao 88 [J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1998, (05): 32-33.), and backcrossed using Zhendao 88 as the recurrent parent. Finally, BC 5 F 4 generation near-isogenic lines were obtained ( Figure 5 D). The panicle traits of the two different lines were investigated respectively. The results showed that compared with the control variety Zhendao 88, the panicle length of the near-isogenic line increased and the panicle type became larger ( Figure 5 E and F). Statistical data showed that compared with the control, the panicle length of the near-isogenic line containing the PAL2 allele increased by 8.75% - 9.93%, the number of primary branches increased by 8.18% - 10.75%, the number of secondary branches increased by 40.25% - 40.97%, and the number of grains per panicle increased by 26.03% - 33.39%. Finally, the yield of the plot (6.66 m 2 ) increased by 13.02% - 27.91%. (Figure 5 of G-K).
[0045] Example 5 To further verify PAL2 the role of the gene in spike type regulation, the present invention constructed a CRISPR / Cas9 knockout vector and transformed it into the wild-type Chunjiang 06. A total of 2 targets (T1 and T2) were designed, and homozygous mutants PAL2-KO-1 and PAL2-KO-2 with 1bp insertion and 4bp deletion were respectively identified in the T1 generation segregating materials ( Figure 6 of A), and their spike traits were investigated. The results showed that the two knockout mutants exhibited similar phenotypes to the pal2 mutants, including shorter spikes and denser spike types ( Figure 6 of B, C). Statistical analysis showed that compared with the wild type, the spike length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches and number of spike grains were all significantly changed, and the levels were comparable to those of the pal2 mutants in Example 1 ( Figure 6 of D-G). The above results further confirmed the function of PAL2 in rice spike type regulation.
[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. Use of rice PAL2 protein, or its encoding gene, or biological materials containing its encoding gene in regulating plant panicle shape or yield.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear type includes one or more of the following: the length of the internode at the lowest part of the spike axis, the length of the internode of the branch stalk, the length of the peduncle of the top spikelet, the ear length, the number of primary branch stalks, the number of secondary branch stalks or the number of grains per ear.
3. Application of rice PAL2 protein, or its encoding gene, or biological materials containing its encoding gene in cultivating transgenic rice or improving rice germplasm resources.
4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: By increasing the internode length at the lowest part of the spike axis, the internode length of the stalk, the peduncle length of the top spikelet, the spike length, or the number of primary stalks, and reducing the number of secondary stalks, the number of grains per spike, or the yield in one or more of the following ways: i) increasing the expression level of the rice PAL2 protein in the plant; ii) mutating the rice PAL2 protein in the plant, preferably T598I.
5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rice PAL2 protein comprises any one of the following amino acid sequences: (1) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1; (2) The amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1 obtained by replacing, inserting or deleting one or more amino acids, and having the same functional protein.
6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The coding gene of the rice PAL2 protein includes any one of the following nucleotide sequences: (1) the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.2; (2) A nucleotide sequence encoding a protein with the same function obtained by replacing, deleting or inserting one or more nucleotides of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.2; (3) A nucleotide sequence that can hybridize with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 under stringent conditions.
7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The plant is a monocotyledonous plant or a dicotyledonous plant, preferably rice.
8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The biological material is an expression cassette, a vector or a transgenic cell.
9. A method for cultivating transgenic plants, characterized in that: include: regulating the expression level of rice PAL2 protein in the plant; The amino acid sequence comprises any of the following: (1) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1; (2) The amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1 obtained by replacing, inserting or deleting one or more amino acids, and having the same functional protein.
10. A rice PAL2 protein mutant, characterized in that: include: The amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.4; preferably encoded by the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.5.