Aerial photovoltaic system and efficient energy management method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an aerial photovoltaic system and a high-efficiency energy management method thereof, and the system comprises a self-adaptive floating platform, a high-efficiency light photovoltaic module, a linear energy transmission system and an intelligent attitude regulation and control and flight control system, and is based on an AI meteorological data prediction algorithm and in combination with a GPS / Beidou positioning module. A servo motor, a telescopic cable and an electric propulsion fan are driven to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel and the height of the platform; according to the energy storage and management system, a solid-state lithium battery and a hydrogen fuel battery are combined, electric energy distribution is optimized, and dynamic balance of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and wireless transmission is achieved. Through dynamic adjustment of the suspension height, intelligent illumination tracking and efficient wireless power transmission, the problems that traditional ground photovoltaic land occupation is limited and transmission loss is high are solved, light weight, wind resistance stability and day and night power supply capacity are achieved, and the power generation efficiency and environmental adaptability are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sputtering methods for ruthenium-cobalt targets, and more particularly to an airborne photovoltaic system and its efficient energy management method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, photovoltaic power generation technology has developed rapidly, and significant progress has been made in ground photovoltaic power stations. However, existing ground photovoltaic systems have problems such as large land occupation area, low solar energy utilization efficiency, and difficulty in easy movement. As a new type of airborne energy collection technology, the floating platform photovoltaic system can solve the above problems. By installing a photovoltaic array on the floating platform, it can not only collect more solar energy in the high-altitude environment but also avoid occupying ground resources.

[0003] However, the existing floating platform photovoltaic systems face the following technical problems: Poor platform stability: Wind speed and airflow changes in the high-altitude environment can cause unstable platform postures, affecting the energy capture efficiency of the photovoltaic array. Although traditional balloon or airship structures can provide support, they have large wind resistance and poor control accuracy, affecting the energy collection efficiency. Frequent light changes: The energy capture efficiency of photovoltaic modules depends on their angular relationship with sunlight. However, in the high-altitude environment, the light intensity and angle fluctuate greatly. Existing systems lack an effective adaptive adjustment mechanism, resulting in low energy collection efficiency. Low wireless energy transmission efficiency: Existing wireless energy transmission technologies (such as microwave and laser transmission) have problems such as large power loss and low transmission efficiency, making it difficult to achieve long-distance and high-efficiency electric energy transmission.

[0004] Therefore, developing a floating platform photovoltaic power generation system with high stability, optimized energy capture efficiency, and efficient wireless energy transmission has become the key to solving the bottlenecks of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an airborne photovoltaic system and its efficient energy management method, providing a more efficient, stable, and adaptable airborne photovoltaic power generation system that can operate efficiently under different environmental conditions and meet the power demands of remote unmanned areas and special application scenarios.

[0006] According to one objective of the present invention, the present invention provides an airborne photovoltaic system, including:

[0007] An adaptive floating platform, which combines a gas filling structure with a kite power assist system, dynamically adjusts the floating height through an intelligent air charging and discharging control module, and is equipped with a real-time anti-wind stability system of a six-axis gyroscope, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and a weather radar to achieve stable suspension within a wind speed range of 5 m / s to 20 m / s;

[0008] An efficient and lightweight photovoltaic module, integrated on the surface of a floating platform, includes a flexible perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaic cell structure, with an upper layer of anti-ultraviolet aging coating, a middle layer of perovskite / silicon tandem module, and a lower layer of flexible conductive polymer, encapsulated in an ultra-light transparent ETFE composite film;

[0009] A wireless energy transmission system, including a directional transmitting end of an airborne solid-state microwave emission module or a high-power laser diode array, and a rectenna or a GaAs photoelectric conversion receiving end on the ground, achieving a transmission efficiency of ≥80% through AI adaptive beam control;

[0010] An intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system, based on an AI meteorological data prediction algorithm, combined with a GPS / Beidou positioning module, drives servo motors, retractable cables, and electric propulsion fans to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panels and the height of the platform;

[0011] A energy storage and energy management system, using a combination of solid-state lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells, optimizes the power distribution through MPPT control and AI adaptive algorithms, and achieves a dynamic balance among photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and wireless transmission.

[0012] Further, the adaptive floating platform includes the following sub-modules:

[0013] A gas charging and discharging regulation system, consisting of a multi-chamber adjustable airbag, a gas compressor, and a solenoid valve, controls the charging and discharging rate of the lifting gas through a pressure sensor and an AI algorithm;

[0014] A kite power assist system, including a flexible and foldable kite, a high-strength retractable cable, and an intelligent winch, adjusts the horizontal position of the platform using a wind speed and direction sensor;

[0015] An electric propulsion attitude regulation system, configured with a directional vector propulsion fan, combines with an inertial navigation system to correct the yaw and pitch angles of the platform in real time.

[0016] Further, the installation methods of the efficient and lightweight photovoltaic module include:

[0017] Full-surface adhesion type, attaching the flexible photovoltaic module to the floating platform shell through a polymer conductive adhesive; or,

[0018] Retractable vane type, with folding photovoltaic vanes set on both sides of the platform, adjusting the light-receiving area through an electric deployment mechanism;

[0019] Adaptive curved surface bracket: A shape memory alloy frame supports the photovoltaic module, dynamically maintaining the best irradiation angle.

[0020] Further, the transmitting end of the wireless energy transmission system includes:

[0021] Solid-state microwave emission module, operating in the frequency band of 2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz, and achieving directional beam control by using a phased array antenna;

[0022] High-power laser diode array, with a wavelength range of 810 - 1064 nm, and performing beam calibration through LIDAR and an optical imaging system;

[0023] The receiving end of the wireless energy transmission system includes:

[0024] Ground rectenna and GaN power conversion circuit;

[0025] Optical filtering lens of the laser receiving module and GaAs photoelectric conversion unit.

[0026] Furthermore, the control method of the intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Real-time collect data of light intensity, wind speed and direction, and temperature and humidity through a meteorological sensor;

[0028] (2) Use an AI algorithm to predict meteorological changes in the next 2 - 6 hours, and calculate the optimal orientation of the photovoltaic panel and the target height of the platform;

[0029] (3) Drive a servo motor to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, and combine a retractable cable and a kite power system to correct the position of the platform;

[0030] (4) Dynamically allocate electric energy to the ground receiving end or the energy storage device according to wireless transmission requirements.

[0031] Furthermore, the electric energy distribution strategy of the energy storage and energy management system is:

[0032] When the photovoltaic power generation > platform load, transmit the excess electric energy wirelessly to the ground or store it in a solid-state lithium battery;

[0033] When the photovoltaic power generation < platform load, jointly supply power by a hydrogen fuel cell and an energy storage battery;

[0034] Among them, the hydrogen of the hydrogen fuel cell comes from the hydrogen reserve of the lifting gas filling system.

[0035] Furthermore, the flexible perovskite-silicon tandem structure of the photovoltaic module specifically includes:

[0036] Upper layer: Wide-bandgap perovskite material (1.65 - 1.9 eV) and Al2O3 / SiNx composite anti-ultraviolet coating;

[0037] Middle layer: TOPCon or HJT heterojunction battery, combined with ITO / metal grid transparent electrode;

[0038] Lower layer: Flexible polymer substrate with nano-silver conductive grid and graphene electrodes.

[0039] Furthermore, the wind resistance and stability system of the floating platform includes:

[0040] A six-axis gyroscope and IMU to monitor the attitude deviation of the platform in real time;

[0041] A weather radar to predict strong wind turbulence and trigger the combined wind resistance of the gas charging and discharging regulation system and the electric propulsion fan;

[0042] An AI algorithm to optimize the aerodynamic parameters and dynamically adjust the airbag pressure and kite traction force.

[0043] According to another object of the present invention, the present invention provides an efficient energy management method for the above-mentioned airborne photovoltaic system, including the following steps:

[0044] (1) Analyze meteorological data and historical light patterns through an AI algorithm to generate instructions for the optimal suspension height of the floating platform and the orientation of the photovoltaic panels;

[0045] (2) Adopt MPPT control technology to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules in real time and optimize the power distribution in combination with the charge and discharge curves of the energy storage battery;

[0046] (3) Based on the laser or microwave transmission path loss model, dynamically adjust the wireless energy transmission power and beam focusing parameters;

[0047] (4) Under night or low light conditions, switch to the hydrogen fuel cell power supply mode to maintain the operation of the platform suspension and communication system.

[0048] Furthermore, the optimization strategy for the wireless energy transmission includes:

[0049] (a) Use a reinforcement learning (RL) neural network to train a beam pointing error compensation model;

[0050] (b) Adjust the transmission power through negative feedback control to ensure that the conversion efficiency at the receiving end is ≥80%;

[0051] (c) Automatically switch to the dual-mode redundant transmission of microwave and laser when the transmission path is blocked.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention, the airborne photovoltaic system, dynamically adjusts the suspension height and wind resistance through an adaptive floating platform, combines high-efficiency and lightweight photovoltaic modules to significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and uses a microwave / laser wireless power transmission system to achieve efficient long-distance power transmission. Its intelligent attitude control and flight control system optimize the orientation of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the platform through AI algorithms to maximize the capture of strong sunlight resources in the air. At the same time, the energy storage system integrates solid-state lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells to ensure stable power supply day and night. This system combines wind resistance stability, lightweight design, and intelligent energy management, significantly improving the power generation efficiency and scene adaptability, and solving the problems of limited land occupation, high transmission loss, and poor environmental adaptability of traditional ground photovoltaics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the airborne photovoltaic cell in the airship mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the airborne photovoltaic cell in the kite-powered auxiliary system mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the photovoltaic layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the wireless energy transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the system working principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the optimization strategy principle of wireless energy transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] In the figure: 1, gasbag; 2, mixed gas; 3, photovoltaic cell; 4, kite-shaped wing surface; 5, retractable cable; 6, anti-ultraviolet aging coating; 7, perovskite / silicon tandem photovoltaic module; 8, flexible conductive polymer; 9, energy transmitting end; 10, energy receiving end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0061] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0063] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0064] Embodiment 1

[0065] As Figures 1-6 shown, an airborne photovoltaic system is composed of an adaptive floating platform, high-efficiency lightweight photovoltaic modules, a wireless energy transmission system, and an intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system. This system does not occupy ground area and can receive stronger sunlight, making full use of the airborne solar energy and obtaining higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. This system can optimize the power generation efficiency under different meteorological conditions, efficiently transmit energy, and improve the system stability and application breadth. Among them:

[0066] The adaptive floating platform is used to suspend at high altitude and adjust the floating height. It adopts an adjustable gas filling structure (such as an airship or kite power assist system with intelligent inflation and deflation control), dynamically adjusts the floating height according to the environmental airflow changes, and improves the wind resistance and energy capture efficiency.

[0067] An efficient and lightweight photovoltaic module is installed on an adaptive floating platform. The orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic module are adjusted through an adaptive attitude control system. Based on flexible perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaic cell technology and high-efficiency silicon cell technology, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the durability is enhanced through an anti-ultraviolet aging coating resistant to high altitudes.

[0068] The wireless energy transmission system realizes efficient power transmission through microwave or laser technology. By introducing microwave / laser long-distance wireless transmission technology, combined with directional beam control and an intelligent receiving end, the efficiency of long-distance power transmission is improved, and the dependence on cables is reduced.

[0069] The intelligent attitude control and flight control system adjusts the angle of the photovoltaic module and the platform attitude based on AI algorithms. Based on AI meteorological data analysis and adaptive adjustment algorithms, combined with the GPS / Beidou positioning system, it automatically adjusts the orientation of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the system to maximize power generation and ensure system stability.

[0070] Specifically, in the structure of the airborne photovoltaic system of the present invention:

[0071] The adaptive floating platform adopts an adjustable gas filling structure. By combining intelligent gas charging and discharging control with a kite power assist system, dynamic adjustment of the floating height is achieved, the wind resistance is improved, and the energy capture efficiency of the photovoltaic module is optimized.

[0072] The main body of the floating module structure of the adaptive floating platform can adopt an airship mode or a kite power assist system mode:

[0073] As Figure 1 shown, when the airship mode is adopted, the main body of the structure adopts an inflatable and deflatable airbag 1. The airbag 1 is made of a high-strength fluorocarbon fiber composite film (such as ETFE / PTFE film), filled with a helium / hydrogen / light air mixed gas 2 inside, and the charging and discharging are controlled through a solenoid valve + gas compression system to achieve lifting and lowering adjustment. The photovoltaic cell 3 (efficient and lightweight photovoltaic module) is arranged on the surface of the airbag 1.

[0074] As Figure 2 shown, when the kite power assist system mode is adopted, the main body of the structure adopts a kite power assist system, combined with a kite-shaped wing design (the material can be selected as carbon fiber composite material + ETFE coating). The kite-shaped wing 4 adjusts the flight attitude using the wind force. The kite-shaped wing 4 combines a retractable cable 5 and a wind direction sensor to intelligently control the angle of the kite-shaped photovoltaic structure. The photovoltaic cell 3 (efficient and lightweight photovoltaic module) is arranged on the surface of the kite-shaped wing 4.

[0075] The power adjustment module of the adaptive floating platform is configured with a high-efficiency brushless motor + wind direction adjustment propeller, which can actively adjust the direction and height when the wind speed is low. In the kite power mode, the inclination angle is actively adjusted by using a retractable cable, and the wind speed and direction changes are calculated through an air flow sensor + AI wind direction prediction algorithm to achieve autonomous adjustment.

[0076] The adaptive floating platform is also equipped with a wind resistance and stability system, which uses a six-axis gyroscope + inertial measurement unit + weather radar to monitor the wind speed, wind direction and air flow stability in real time. Combining with the AI algorithm to optimize the aerodynamic parameters of the floating platform, the system can stably hover within the wind speed range of 5m / s to 20m / s.

[0077] The adaptive floating platform is also equipped with a photovoltaic installation bracket, which adopts a lightweight carbon fiber honeycomb structure + shape memory alloy bracket to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic module when it is deployed in the air, and at the same time has anti-vibration characteristics.

[0078] The high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic module is integrated into the airship shell and uses a lightweight base material.

[0079] The wireless energy transmission system uses microwave or laser long-distance power transmission technology to efficiently transmit electric energy to the ground.

[0080] The intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system includes an electric propulsion system (such as a directional propulsion fan), an intelligent stability control unit, and a GPS / Beidou navigation module to ensure the stable operation of the airship at high altitude.

[0081] The energy storage and energy management system uses an ultra-lightweight and high-energy density battery pack (such as a solid-state lithium battery) and an energy management unit (MPPT control system) to optimize the power output.

[0082] The aerial photovoltaic system of the present invention is also equipped with a data transmission and environment monitoring system, which integrates a meteorological sensor and a wireless communication module (satellite communication / 5G / LoRa) to achieve remote monitoring and control.

[0083] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell integration method of the high-efficiency lightweight photovoltaic module adopts a flexible photovoltaic module design. A flexible perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaic cell is used, and the lightweight and high-efficiency characteristics of perovskite are utilized to stack with crystalline silicon to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (up to more than 30%) and enhance the durability.

[0084] Such as Figure 3 shown, the photovoltaic layer structure adopts a three-layer design of upper, middle and lower:

[0085] Upper layer: an anti-ultraviolet aging coating 6 to enhance the durability at high altitude; specifically, a wide-bandgap perovskite material can be used to optimize the spectral response and achieve energy band regulation of 1.65 to 1.9 eV.

[0086] Middle layer: Perovskite / silicon tandem photovoltaic module 7 to improve energy utilization efficiency; the transparent electrode layer adopts a flexible ITO / metal grid composite structure to ensure both conductivity and transparency.

[0087] Lower layer: Flexible conductive polymer 8 to improve the mechanical flexibility of the battery and adapt to the curved surface of the airship. Adopt TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) or HJT (Heterojunction) battery structure to achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 30%. The flexible design uses a nano-silver conductive grid + graphene electrode to ensure that the photovoltaic module can be bent and has high conductivity.

[0088] The battery is encapsulated with an ultra-light transparent ETFE composite film, which can not only improve durability but also reduce the air resistance on the surface of the airship. Adopt an anti-ultraviolet aging coating resistant to high altitudes (Al2O3 / SiNx multi-layer composite) to enhance durability. The component backplane uses a polymer composite material (such as PVDF + nano-coating) with antioxidant and anti-corrosion properties.

[0089] In this embodiment, the combination method of the photovoltaic module and the airship is as follows:

[0090] Full-surface adhesion type: Paste the flexible photovoltaic cell on the surface of the airship balloon, and closely fit it with the airship shell through a polymer conductive adhesive to improve the overall power generation capacity.

[0091] Retractable vane type: Install deployable photovoltaic vanes on both sides of the airship, and unfold them in low-wind speed areas through a folding mechanism to increase the photovoltaic area.

[0092] Adaptive curved surface bracket: Adopt a shape memory alloy frame to form a lightweight support structure on the surface of the airship, so that the photovoltaic module maintains the best irradiation angle.

[0093] In this embodiment, the power distribution and transmission scheme of the energy storage and energy management system is as follows:

[0094] 1. Energy storage

[0095] Adopt a solid-state lithium battery, deployed inside the airship, with light weight and high energy density.

[0096] Adopt a hydrogen fuel cell, which can use the hydrogen in the hydrogen buoyancy system for fuel cell power generation to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0097] 2. Energy management

[0098] When the photovoltaic power generation > the airship's own load:

[0099] The surplus electric energy is transmitted to ground users through wireless transmission (microwave / laser). The excess electric energy is stored in the internal energy storage system of the airship for night flight.

[0100] When the power generation of the photovoltaic system is less than the self-load of the airship: the energy storage system supplements the power to maintain the stable operation of the airship.

[0101] The energy storage and energy management system adopts efficient MPPT control and an AI adaptive energy management algorithm to optimize the power output of the photovoltaic modules and improve the energy conversion rate.

[0102] In this embodiment, the wireless energy transmission system adopts microwave / laser long-distance wireless transmission technology, combined with directional beam control and an intelligent receiving end, to achieve efficient long-distance energy transmission.

[0103] As Figure 4 shown, the main structure of the wireless energy transmission system includes an energy transmitting end and an energy receiving end, where:

[0104] The energy transmitting end 9 is located in the airborne photovoltaic system. The energy transmitting end 9 uses a solid-state microwave transmitting module (2.45 GHz / 5.8 GHz) or a high-power laser diode array (wavelength 810 - 1064 nm) for directional energy transmission. Combined with an AI tracking algorithm + a laser beam deflection system, it ensures accurate alignment with the ground receiving end.

[0105] The energy receiving end 10 is located at the ground station. It adopts a microwave receiving method and uses a rectenna + a GaN power conversion circuit to convert the microwave into available electrical energy. Or it adopts a laser receiving method and uses a high-efficiency GaAs photoelectric conversion module + an optical filter lens to improve the laser energy conversion efficiency.

[0106] The wireless energy transmission system adopts intelligent transmission control: combined with a LIDAR + an optical camera system for accurate beam aiming to improve the energy transmission efficiency. It adopts an adaptive negative feedback control system to ensure the stability of energy transmission and prevent excessive power loss.

[0107] In this embodiment, the intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system introduces AI meteorological data analysis + an adaptive adjustment algorithm, combined with the GPS / Beidou system, to achieve intelligent optimization of the orientation of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the system.

[0108] The main structure of the intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system includes an environmental data acquisition module, an intelligent control core, and an attitude adjustment actuator, where:

[0109] The environmental data acquisition module uses high-precision meteorological sensors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure) + a light intensity sensor to obtain environmental data in real time. Combined with a LIDAR ranging radar + infrared remote sensing, it detects the airflow changes and the distribution of high-altitude clouds.

[0110] The intelligent control core adopts the AI adaptive algorithm + reinforcement learning (RL) neural network, combines historical meteorological data for prediction, and optimizes the system adjustment strategy. It combines the GPS / Beidou high-precision positioning module to ensure that the photovoltaic system remains in the best position.

[0111] The attitude adjustment actuator adopts a servo motor + shape memory alloy drive unit to accurately control the inclination and rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel. Combining with the intelligent floating platform air flow control system, it automatically adjusts the system height and azimuth.

[0112] The specific working steps of the intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system are as follows:

[0113] 1. Environmental data collection: Sensors continuously obtain data such as light intensity, wind speed and direction, air temperature, and humidity.

[0114] 2. Data analysis and prediction: The AI algorithm calculates the current optimal power generation angle and floating height, and combines historical meteorological data to predict meteorological changes in the next 2 - 6 hours.

[0115] 3. System attitude adjustment: Adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel through the servo motor + kite power control; adjust the height through the floating system; optimize the suspension attitude through the wind direction control system.

[0116] 4. Energy optimization management: Combine power demand and wireless energy transmission system to optimize the power output strategy.

[0117] 5. Adaptive floating height adjustment: Combine AI meteorological data analysis to intelligently adjust the height of the airship so that it is in the optimal illumination area (avoiding cloud cover). When the wind is strong, use a dynamic airbag inflation and deflation system to reduce air flow interference and improve the stability of the airship.

[0118] To ensure the stable operation of the floating platform photovoltaic system in the high-altitude environment and optimize the light capture efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, the present invention comprehensively designs the attitude control of the device, combines a variety of active and passive adjustment means to achieve efficient and accurate attitude adjustment.

[0119] More specifically, the control principle of the intelligent attitude regulation and flight control system is as follows:

[0120] 1. Overall architecture of the attitude control system

[0121] The attitude control system of the floating platform adopts a multi-mode collaborative adjustment strategy, including:

[0122] 1. Gas charging and discharging adjustment system (for lifting control);

[0123] 2. Kite power assistance system (for attitude angle adjustment);

[0124] 3. Retractable Cable Control System (for fine-tuning of inclination angle);

[0125] 4. Electric Propulsion Attitude Adjustment System (for attitude stabilization and yaw correction);

[0126] 5. Intelligent Navigation and Environment Perception System (for real-time attitude optimization);

[0127] The above subsystems cooperate with each other to ensure that the floating platform can adapt to different meteorological environments, achieve autonomous and stable flight, and ensure that the photovoltaic panels are always at the best light-receiving angle.

[0128] 2. Detailed Explanation of the Functions and Control Modes of the Above Subsystems

[0129] 2.1 Gas Charge and Discharge Regulation System (buoyancy adjustment)

[0130] Function: Realize the lifting control of the floating platform through the solenoid valve + gas compression system, and adjust the height to adapt to different wind layers. Use helium or hydrogen as the lifting gas, and cooperate with a controllable airbag to make the platform operate at different heights.

[0131] Structure: Adjustable airbag (multiple independent cavity design for precise control);

[0132] High-efficiency gas compressor (for quickly adjusting the internal pressure of the airbag);

[0133] Intelligent solenoid valve group (control the gas charge and discharge rate to avoid excessive height fluctuations);

[0134] Barometric pressure sensor + AI height control algorithm (adjust the lifting strategy according to the environmental pressure change).

[0135] The working principle is as follows:

[0136] 1. Ascending: When ascending is required, the solenoid valve closes, and the gas compressor reduces gas discharge, increasing the air pressure inside the airbag, generating greater buoyancy, and pushing the platform up.

[0137] 2. Descending: When descending is required, the solenoid valve opens, controlling the external discharge of gas, reducing the air pressure inside the airbag, decreasing the buoyancy, and the platform descends slowly.

[0138] 3. Height holding: Combining GPS / Beidou navigation data, the AI algorithm automatically adjusts the gas charge and discharge rate to keep the platform stable at the target height.

[0139] 2.2 Kite Power Assist System (horizontal position and attitude angle adjustment)

[0140] Function: Provide additional power through flexible kite power, enabling the platform to adjust its horizontal position at different wind speeds. Use high-strength retractable kite cables combined with an intelligent winch to achieve kite power control.

[0141] Structure: Smart kite (flexible and foldable design to enhance wind resistance);

[0142] High-strength telescopic cable (used to adjust the traction force of the kite);

[0143] Motor-driven winch (used to control the cable length and achieve traction force adjustment);

[0144] Wind speed and direction sensor + AI prediction algorithm (analyze wind speed and direction and optimize the kite angle).

[0145] Working principle:

[0146] 1. Kite deployment: When the wind speed is low, the smart kite unfolds and uses the airflow to provide additional thrust to adjust the platform in the target direction.

[0147] 2. Kite retraction: When the wind speed is high or additional power is not required, the smart winch retracts the kite to reduce wind resistance.

[0148] 3. Attitude angle adjustment: By adjusting the length and tension of the kite cable and cooperating with the wind direction sensor, the platform rotates around the vertical axis (Z-axis) to optimize the orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0149] 2.3 Telescopic cable control system (tilt angle adjustment)

[0150] Function: Use high-strength telescopic cable in combination with intelligent drive device to actively adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel and optimize the light capture efficiency. Combine environmental sensors and AI control algorithms to automatically adjust the angle according to the sun position.

[0151] Structure: High-strength telescopic cable (connect different parts of the floating platform to achieve angle adjustment);

[0152] Electric pulley block (control the cable length and adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel);

[0153] Light sensor + AI adjustment algorithm (automatically optimize the angle according to the sun position);

[0154] Working principle:

[0155] 1. Tilt angle increase: When the sun altitude angle is low, the electric pulley tightens the cable in a specific direction to tilt the photovoltaic panel towards the sun and improve the light reception rate.;

[0156] 2. Tilt angle decrease: When the sun altitude angle is high, the electric pulley releases the cable to make the photovoltaic panel tend to be horizontal and reduce light energy loss.;

[0157] 3. Real-time optimization: Combine the calculation of the sun's trajectory to automatically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel to ensure efficient power generation throughout the day.;

[0158] 2.4 Electric Propulsion Attitude Adjustment System (Stabilization and Yaw Correction)

[0159] Function: Achieve attitude stabilization and heading control through a directional propulsion fan and a vector nozzle. In combination with an inertial navigation system, it can correct the platform attitude deviation in real time.

[0160] Structure: Electric propulsion fan (providing micro-thrust to adjust the attitude);

[0161] Vector nozzle (adjusting the jet direction to achieve precise control);

[0162] Inertial navigation system + AI control algorithm (predicting attitude changes and adjusting thrust in real time).

[0163] Working principle:

[0164] 1. Yaw correction: By adjusting the fan thrust direction, compensate for the attitude deviation caused by external wind force.

[0165] 2. Roll / pitch adjustment: Use the vector nozzle to fine-tune the thrust to keep the platform stable in a strong wind environment.

[0166] 2.5 Intelligent Navigation and Environment Sensing System (Adaptive Attitude Optimization)

[0167] Function: Combine GPS / Beidou positioning, airflow sensors, and AI wind direction prediction algorithms to achieve real-time attitude optimization. Through an adaptive control strategy, dynamically adjust the parameters of each subsystem to improve the operation stability.

[0168] Working principle:

[0169] 1. Real-time data acquisition: Obtain data such as wind speed, wind direction, and airflow changes through meteorological sensors.

[0170] 2. AI calculation and adjustment strategy: Combine historical data and current environmental information to predict wind direction changes and adjust attitude control parameters.

[0171] 3. Adaptive optimization: Dynamically adjust the flight state of the floating platform according to weather and light changes, so that the photovoltaic panels always maintain the best orientation.

[0172] The attitude control system of the floating platform of the present invention realizes precise attitude adjustment and stable control through the coordinated work of five core subsystems: gas charging and discharging adjustment, kite power assistance, retractable cable control, electric propulsion attitude adjustment, and intelligent navigation. This system can adapt to complex environmental changes, keep the photovoltaic panels in the best light-receiving state at all times, ensure the maximization of power generation efficiency, and enhance the autonomous operation ability of the floating platform.

[0173] The main application scenarios of the present invention include agricultural photovoltaic applications, marine energy supply, urban smart grids, and emergency power supply systems, etc., among which:

[0174] In the aspect of agricultural photovoltaic applications: Deploy the system above farmland, use photovoltaic panels to adjust sunlight intensity, reduce water evaporation, and at the same time monitor soil humidity and optimize irrigation strategies.

[0175] This system can be deployed above farmland to form an intelligent agricultural photovoltaic platform. The photovoltaic components can adjust the light transmittance according to the light requirements of crops to reduce the impact of excessive sunlight on crops, while reducing water evaporation and improving the soil water holding capacity. In addition, the system integrates soil humidity sensors, environmental monitoring modules and intelligent irrigation control units, which can obtain soil moisture data in real time and automatically optimize irrigation strategies in combination with weather forecasts to achieve water saving and yield increase.

[0176] In the aspect of marine energy supply: Deploy above the ocean, use the high-altitude airflow stabilization system to suspend, and transmit electrical energy to ships and shore stations through wireless energy transmission or submarine cables to supply power for offshore operations and islands.

[0177] This system can be deployed in the open ocean or around islands, and maintain a long-term suspended state through a high-altitude airflow stabilization system (such as a floating platform with intelligent charging and deflation adjustment). In terms of energy transmission, it can combine long-distance wireless energy transmission technologies (such as microwave / laser transmission) or use submarine cables for power transmission to provide stable power for offshore operation platforms, ship navigation, far-sea buoy monitoring systems and island microgrids. In addition, the system can also integrate wind speed and sea condition monitoring sensors to provide real-time data support for shipping, fisheries and weather forecasting.

[0178] In the aspect of urban smart grid: Suspend a photovoltaic system at high altitude in the city, combine it with the intelligent dispatching of the existing power grid, reduce the dependence on rooftop photovoltaics on buildings, save land, and achieve distributed aerial energy supply.

[0179] Deploy a suspended photovoltaic system at high altitude in the city, deeply integrate it with the smart grid dispatching system, and achieve aerial distributed energy supply. The system can dynamically adjust the orientation and inclination of the photovoltaic array through adaptive attitude control technology to maximize power generation efficiency. Compared with traditional rooftop photovoltaic solutions, this system can reduce the occupation of ground space, optimize the power grid load distribution, and improve the urban energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the platform can also serve as an urban environmental monitoring node, collecting real-time meteorological data such as air pollution, wind speed and wind direction, providing data support for the construction of smart cities.

[0180] In the aspect of emergency power supply systems: Deploy in natural disasters or remote areas to quickly provide power to support emergency communication and rescue equipment.

[0181] The system is suitable for rapid deployment in natural disasters, war zone fronts or remote areas, providing reliable aerial power support for emergency communications, medical rescue, post-disaster recovery, etc. The suspended platform can be equipped with high-efficiency photovoltaic modules and combined with energy storage devices to ensure continuous power supply in harsh environments. Through wireless energy transmission technology, the system can provide long-distance power output to ground equipment and is equipped with satellite communication terminals to achieve remote command in disaster areas, emergency material allocation and information transmission, and improve disaster relief response efficiency.

[0182] The present invention combines an adjustable gas filling structure with a kite power auxiliary system to achieve intelligent height adjustment of the floating platform, allowing it to stably suspend in a wind speed range of 5m / s to 20m / s. Compared with traditional fixed-altitude airships, it greatly improves wind resistance and enhances environmental adaptability. Through real-time monitoring of a six-axis gyroscope + inertial measurement unit (IMU) + meteorological radar, and combined with AI algorithms to optimize aerodynamic parameters, the floating platform maintains a stable attitude for ≥95% of the operating time, ensuring the optimal orientation of photovoltaic modules and improving energy capture efficiency.

[0183] In terms of photovoltaic power generation, this system integrates flexible perovskite-silicon laminated photovoltaic cells, which have higher light radiation in the air and can avoid clouds, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches more than 35%, which is about 25% higher than the single ground silicon cell solution. At the same time, the photovoltaic module packaging uses ultra-light and transparent ETFE composite film to reduce the air resistance on the airship surface, making the overall photovoltaic system weight less than traditional rigid components by more than 50%, improving the energy utilization rate and endurance of the airship.

[0184] For aerial power storage and transmission, this system uses microwave / laser long-distance wireless power transmission technology. Through solid-state microwave transmission modules (2.45GHz / 5.8GHz) or high-power laser diodes (810-1064nm), combined with AI adaptive beam control, the aerial power transmission efficiency reaches ≥80%, which is at least 20% higher than the traditional low-frequency wireless energy transmission solution (efficiency of about 40%-60%), ensuring that electricity is efficiently transmitted to the ground and achieving long-term stable power supply. In addition, combined with an efficient MPPT control strategy, the system can optimize photovoltaic power generation and energy storage management according to the meteorological environment, so that the airship can provide a daily power supply capacity of up to 10kWh / m under sufficient sunshine conditions. 2 , effectively meeting the power supply needs of remote and unmanned areas.

[0185] In summary, the present invention realizes a more efficient, more stable and more widely adaptable aerial new energy power generation solution through the organic combination of intelligent attitude control, adaptive floating system, high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic components and wireless energy transmission technology.

[0186] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerial photovoltaic system, characterized in that: include: The adaptive floating platform combines a gas-filled structure with a kite power-assisted system. It dynamically adjusts the floating height through an intelligent inflation and deflation control module, and is equipped with a real-time wind-resistant stabilization system with a six-axis gyroscope, an inertial measurement unit, and a weather radar to achieve stable suspension. High-efficiency and lightweight photovoltaic modules are integrated on the surface of the floating platform, including a flexible perovskite-silicon laminated photovoltaic cell structure, with an upper layer of anti-ultraviolet aging coating, a middle layer of perovskite / silicon laminated components, and a lower layer of flexible conductive polymers encapsulated in an ultra-light and transparent ETFE composite film; Wireless energy transmission system, including a directional transmitting end of an airborne solid-state microwave transmitting module or a high-power laser diode array, and a rectifying antenna or GaAs photoelectric conversion receiving end on the ground, controlling the transmission efficiency to achieve ≥80%; Intelligent attitude control and flight control system, based on AI meteorological data prediction algorithm, combined with GPS / Beidou positioning module, drives servo motors, retractable cables and electric propulsion fans to adjust the direction of photovoltaic panels and platform height; The energy storage and energy management system uses a combination of solid-state lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells to optimize power distribution and achieve a dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and wireless transmission.

2. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive floating platform includes the following submodules: The gas charging and discharging regulation system consists of a multi-cavity adjustable airbag, a gas compressor and a solenoid valve. The air pressure sensor and AI algorithm are used to control the charging and discharging rate of the floating gas. Kite power assist system, including flexible foldable kite, high-strength telescopic cable and intelligent winch, using wind speed and direction sensors to adjust the horizontal position of the platform; The electric propulsion attitude adjustment system is equipped with a directional vector propulsion fan and combines with the inertial navigation system to correct the platform's yaw and pitch angles in real time.

3. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method of the high-efficiency lightweight photovoltaic module includes: Full surface adhesion, using polymer conductive adhesive to attach the flexible photovoltaic module to the floating platform shell; or Retractable wing type, foldable photovoltaic wings are set on both sides of the platform, and the light receiving area is adjusted by the electric unfolding mechanism; Adaptive curved bracket: The photovoltaic module is supported by a shape memory alloy frame to dynamically maintain the optimal irradiation angle.

4. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitting end of the wireless energy transmission system comprises: Solid-state microwave transmission module, operating in the 2.45GHz or 5.8GHz frequency band, using phased array antenna to achieve directional beam control; High-power laser diode array with a wavelength range of 810 to 1064 nm, with beam calibration through LIDAR and optical camera system; The receiving end of the wireless energy transmission system comprises: Ground-based rectenna and GaN power conversion circuit; Optical filter lens and GaAs photoelectric conversion unit of the laser receiving module.

5. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control method of the intelligent attitude control and flight control system comprises the following steps: (1) Collect light intensity, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity data in real time through meteorological sensors; (2) The AI ​​algorithm predicts weather changes in the next 2 to 6 hours and calculates the optimal orientation of the photovoltaic panels and the target height of the platform; (3) driving the servo motor to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel and correcting the platform position by combining the retractable cable and the kite power system; (4) Dynamically distribute electrical energy to the ground receiving end or energy storage device according to the wireless transmission requirements.

6. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy distribution strategy of the energy storage and energy management system is: When the photovoltaic power generation is greater than the platform load, the excess power is transmitted to the ground wirelessly or stored in solid-state lithium batteries; When the photovoltaic power generation is less than the platform load, the hydrogen fuel cell and energy storage battery will work together to supply power; The hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell comes from the hydrogen reserve in the floating gas filling system.

7. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible perovskite-silicon stacked structure of the photovoltaic module specifically includes: Upper layer: wide bandgap perovskite material and Al2O3 / SiNx composite anti-ultraviolet coating; Middle layer: TOPCon or HJT heterojunction cells combined with ITO / metal grid transparent electrodes; Bottom layer: Flexible polymer substrate with silver nanowires and graphene electrodes.

8. The aerial photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind-resistant stabilization system of the floating platform includes: The six-axis gyroscope and IMU monitor the platform attitude deviation in real time; Weather radar predicts strong wind turbulence, triggering the gas charging and discharging regulation system and the electric propulsion fan to jointly resist the wind; The AI ​​algorithm optimizes aerodynamic parameters and dynamically adjusts the airbag pressure and kite traction.

9. An efficient energy management method for an aerial photovoltaic system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Analyze meteorological data and historical lighting patterns through AI algorithms to generate instructions for the optimal suspension height of the floating platform and the orientation of the photovoltaic panels; (2) Use MPPT control technology to track the maximum power point of photovoltaic modules in real time and optimize power distribution in combination with the charge and discharge curve of energy storage batteries; (3) Dynamically adjust wireless energy transmission power and beam focusing parameters based on laser or microwave transmission path loss models; (4) At night or in low light conditions, switch to hydrogen fuel cell power supply mode to maintain platform suspension and communication system operation.

10. The efficient energy management method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The optimization strategy of wireless energy transmission includes: (a) Using reinforcement learning neural network to train the beam pointing error compensation model; (b) adjusting the transmission power through negative feedback control to ensure that the conversion efficiency at the receiving end is ≥ 80%; (c) When the transmission path is blocked, it automatically switches to microwave and laser dual-mode redundant transmission.

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