Processing method for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping synergistic treatment of cut babysbreath and special preparation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower postharvest treatment, and discloses a processing method for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping cooperative treatment of cut babysbreath and a special preparation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a dyeing-fresh-keeping composite special preparation formula; (2) a dyeing-fresh-keeping process: S1, early-stage preparation; s2, flower material treatment; s3, dyeing treatment; s4, observing and adjusting; and (3) post-treatment. The problems that the cut babysbreath is not full in color, easy to fall off, shortened in flowering phase and the like after being dyed are solved through a low-molecular dye composite permeation enhancing system, an ethylene signal whole-course inhibition and conduit protection technology and the like, the operation is simple and easy to implement, the cut babysbreath is rapidly dyed within 30 minutes, petals are uniformly dyed, the color is stable, and the quality of the cut babysbreath is improved. Meanwhile, the freshness and attractiveness of the flowers are guaranteed, the vase life of the cut flowers is not affected, and the flowering phase reaches 20-24 days. The fresh-keeping effect of the babysbreath cut flowers after dyeing can be remarkably improved, and the method has high market application value and commercial potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of post - harvest treatment of flowers, and particularly relates to a processing method and a special preparation for realizing rapid dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers within 30 minutes and extending the vase - life to more than 20 days through a low - molecular - weight dye composite penetration - promoting system, whole - process inhibition of ethylene signal and vessel protection technology. Background Art

[0002] Gypsophila paniculata L., formerly known as Gypsophila paniculata, also known as Gypsophila paniculata, Gypsophila paniculata, Gypsophila elegans, Serissa japonica, Gypsophila paniculata, Gypsophila paniculata, is a perennial herb of the genus Gypsophila in the family Caryophyllaceae, and is also the only species in the genus Gypsophila used as cut flowers. In the market, Gypsophila paniculata is mostly used as a filler flower, and the demand is large. Because of its small and few leaves, many and slender flower branches, large and fluffy flower quantity, small and white flowers, and excellent group effect of the inflorescence, like little stars, extremely three - dimensional, it can add a hazy beauty to the bouquet, becoming one of the most used filler flower materials in the world, and also one of the top ten best - selling cut flowers globally, widely used in various bouquets and floral works.

[0003] Gypsophila paniculata is widely planted. In addition to the main producing countries of the Netherlands and Israel, the yields in countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, China and Peru are also increasing day by day. China began to introduce double - petal Gypsophila paniculata as a fresh - cut flower variety for cultivation in the 1990s. After more than 30 years of development, Gypsophila paniculata has become one of the main cultivated fresh - cut flower varieties in Yunnan. At present, the planting area of Gypsophila paniculata in Yunnan is about 12,000 mu, and its planting area and yield both account for more than 90% of the total in the country, and it has become a leading product of the Yunnan flower industry, occupying an important position in the Yunnan plateau characteristic flower industry.

[0004] However, in nature, the flower colors of Gypsophila paniculata are mainly white and pink. In production, it is mostly the white variety, mainly sold as a filler flower, and no other colored varieties have been cultivated yet. With the diversification and fashionization of consumer demands, a single flower color (white) is difficult to meet people's needs for appreciation and aesthetics. Although the flower color can be changed through cross - breeding, genetic engineering and other means, the required technical process is long, the difficulty is very high, the cost is high, and the practicability is low. It is still difficult to increase the flower color varieties in a short time. To meet people's demands for different colors of cut flowers and the pursuit of artistic sense and beauty of cut flowers, artificial dyeing of cut flowers is undoubtedly an important way to change the flower color.

[0005] The existing cut flower dyeing methods include spraying method and soaking method. The spraying method uses a machine to directly spray various colors that have been adjusted onto the cut flowers to change the plant color. However, the organic solvents, oil-based or water-based film-forming agents used have a greater impact on the normal physiological activities of plants. Generally, it can only be used for cut flowers in vases or artificial flowers. Using it on cut flowers shortens their lifespan, and it is even more difficult to use on the entire living plant during growth and development. Moreover, the color is easily shed, the appearance is not good, and it causes serious environmental pollution, so it has gradually been phased out. The most popular method in the current market is the soaking method, which is to mix dyes of different colors into water, dehydrate the cut flowers until the leaves wither, and then insert the flower stems into the dye water, allowing the bottom of the cut flower stems to absorb the dye solution to change the color of the cut flowers. Although this dyeing method has made great technological improvements, basically solving the pollution problem and having a more realistic and beautiful appearance, there are still some problems. For example, the coloring time is relatively long, the vase life of the cut flowers is shortened, the coloring is uneven, and even the flowers may be damaged. In addition, it is easy to fade. Moreover, some merchants use cheap and harmful dyes for profit, which endangers human health and pollutes the environment.

[0006] At present, most of the dyes used for cut flower dyeing are synthetic pigments. Among them, food coloring is a water-soluble pigment that can dissolve in water at room temperature. It can be transported to petal cells through the water absorption of cut flowers, and is non-toxic and harmless, causing no harm to the human body or the environment during the dyeing process or during viewing. However, as a non-metabolic product of plants, food coloring can penetrate cells and damage cell membranes, leading to electrolyte leakage. At high concentrations, it can cause the flower stems to lose water and the flower heads to droop, seriously affecting the ornamental value of cut flowers. Zhang Yuping explored the dyeing effects of 9 kinds of food coloring on Gypsophila paniculata and found that the suitable dyeing concentrations and times of different pigments vary. The vase life of dyed Gypsophila paniculata was significantly shortened (Zhang Yuping, 2008, Dyeing effects of food coloring on cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata. Anhui Agricultural Bulletin, 14(15): 136-137, 54). In addition, there are also certain defects in the existing cut flower dyeing techniques for Gypsophila paniculata. For example, the patent application publication number CN101658109A discloses a method for coloring Gypsophila paniculata flowers, with the steps as follows: First, apply a layer of fungicide to the cut end of the freshly harvested cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata for dehydration treatment; Second, prepare the coloring solution: Stir the food coloring until it dissolves, heat it and then cool it to room temperature; Add plant pigment to the dissolved solution and stir to dissolve to obtain a mixed solution of the two pigments; Add sodium erythorbate to the mixed solution of the two pigments and stir until it dissolves; Third, color: Insert the root of the stem of the freshly harvested cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata into the coloring solution to absorb the pigment for natural coloring; Take it out after 40-70 minutes; Fourth, preservation: Insert the root of the stem of the colored cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata into the preservation solution for 30-40 minutes and then take it out. Using this technique for dyeing takes 2-12 hours, with low efficiency and unable to meet the needs of urgent orders. In addition, the overall texture of the dyed cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata is not good, the color saturation is low, the petals are generally soft without thickness, and they are prone to becoming wrinkled over time, and the vase life is still short. Therefore, the production is unstable, the yield rate is low, and the aesthetic degree is insufficient. Moreover, Gypsophila paniculata is a flower material sensitive to ethylene, and the traditional dyeing and preservation process does not inhibit the effect of ethylene, resulting in the flowers being prone to withering and petal dropping due to ethylene accumulation during vase insertion. In the existing technology, ethylene inhibitors (such as 1-MCP, STS) are mostly used for post-harvest pretreatment, but they have not been effectively combined with the dyeing process. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly dye and combine with preservation technology during the dyeing process to extend the vase life of cut flowers. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide a new dyeing method to ensure that the cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata have full color, high color reproduction rate, long vase life, etc., which is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome a series of problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides an effective processing method and a special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, solving problems such as unfull color, easy color shedding, and shortened flowering period after dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers. The operation is simple and easy to implement, realizing rapid dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers within 30 minutes, with uniform petal dyeing, stable color, and at the same time ensuring the freshness and beauty of the flowers, without affecting the vase life of the cut flowers, and the flowering period is as long as 20 - 24 days.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A processing method and a special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, comprising the following steps:

[0010] ⑴. Formula of the dyeing - preservation composite special preparation:

[0011] Rapid dyeing module:

[0012] Low - molecular - weight water - soluble dye (molecular weight ≤ 500Da): 1 - 8 g / L;

[0013] Penetration promoter: 0.5 - 5 g / L;

[0014] Metal ion mordant (fixing pigment): 0.15 - 0.3 g / L;

[0015] Catheter dredging agent: 0.5 - 1 g / L;

[0016] Catheter protector: 1 - 3 g / L;

[0017] Biological enzyme adjuvant (decomposing cell wall barrier): 0.1 - 0.3 g / L;

[0018] Light stabilizer (anti - ultraviolet fading): 0.1 - 0.5 g / L;

[0019] Adhesion enhancer (improving pigment adhesion): 1 - 5 g / L.

[0020] Ethylene inhibition and preservation module:

[0021] Ethylene inhibitor (reducing the sensitivity of cut flowers to ethylene): 0.01 - 0.5 g / L;

[0022] Antioxidant (inhibiting pigment oxidation and fading and delaying petal senescence): 0.01 - 2 g / L;

[0023] Fungicide: 0.05 - 0.1 g / L;

[0024] Antibacterial agent (preventing the corruption of the dyeing solution): 0.05 - 0.2 g / L;

[0025] Plant growth regulator (reducing the respiratory intensity of cut flowers and decreasing the consumption of nutrients): 0.02 - 0.1 g / L;

[0026] Energy supplement (as a respiratory substrate to ensure energy supply): 20 - 50 g / L.

[0027] Solvent and buffer system (stabilizing the attachment of pigments and activating the activity of preservation components): citric acid - sodium citrate buffer system (pH 5.5 - 6.0), malic acid - sodium malate buffer system (pH 5.8 - 6.2), citric acid - disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer system (pH 4.5 - 5.5), with deionized water as the balance.

[0028] Preparation of the dyeing - preservation composite solution: Add according to the component ratios of each module of the formula. First, dissolve the energy supplement and low - molecular - weight water - soluble dye in warm water. After cooling, add the penetration enhancer, metal ion mordant, duct dredging agent, duct protector, bio - enzyme adjuvant, light stabilizer, adhesion enhancer, ethylene inhibitor, antioxidant, bactericide, antibacterial agent, and plant growth regulator in sequence, and stir evenly. Then, use the solvent and buffer system to control the pH value at about 4.5 - 6.5.

[0029] ⑵ Dyeing - preservation process

[0030] S1. Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, well - ventilated and shaded place for flower dyeing and conduct a comprehensive spray disinfection of the site environment. At the same time, carefully select healthy, fresh Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers with an opening degree of 50% - 90% and a flower stem length of 80 - 110 cm, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used.

[0031] S2. Flower material treatment: First, use clean scissors to cut off the excess leaves, small side branches and damaged flowers at the bottom of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, and trim them neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring that the inflorescences face upward and are arranged uniformly. Then, cut the bottom of the flower stems of Gypsophila paniculata into an inclined mouth, and then conduct a moisture - retaining treatment on the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers for 1 - 2 hours.

[0032] S3. Dyeing - preservation treatment: Immerse the treated flower stems of Gypsophila paniculata in the dyeing - preservation composite solution, ensuring that 5 - 20 cm of the bottom of the flower stems is immersed in the solution. Tools such as rubber bands can be used to fix the flower bouquet to keep it upright. Then, place it in a place with a temperature of about 15 - 30 °C, a relative humidity of 50% - 70%, good ventilation and avoiding direct sunlight. After 30 - 90 minutes, the expected color can be achieved.

[0033] S4. Observation and adjustment: During the dyeing process, regularly observe the change in the color of the flowers. After achieving a satisfactory dyeing effect, gently remove the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers from the dyeing solution.

[0034] ⑶ Post - treatment

[0035] After dyeing is completed, first subject the dyed Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to rehydration treatment for 1 to 2 hours, then subject the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to color fixation and freshness preservation treatment for 1 to 4 hours. Then, weigh the cut flowers as needed, grade them according to color saturation, branch length and thickness, flower head neatness, and flower fullness. Next, package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets and put them into a cold storage. Keep the temperature between 2 and 5 °C and the relative humidity at 80 to 95%. After pre-cooling treatment for 12 to 72 hours, ship them out. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0036] As a preferred solution, the low-molecular-weight water-soluble dye (molecular weight ≤ 500 Da) is an edible pigment, which is divided into two categories: synthetic edible pigments and natural edible pigments.

[0037] As a further preferred solution, the synthetic edible pigment is the "Lion Head" brand pigment of Shanghai Dyestuff Research Institute Co., Ltd., which is one of brilliant blue, indigo, fruit green, carmine, lemon yellow, grape purple, amaranth red, tomato red, sunset yellow, allura red, erythrosine, egg yolk, cocoa brown, black, tea color, cyan, milk chocolate brown, tender leaf green, quinoline yellow, lemon color, sunset color, carmine color. Among them, based on 1 L of water volume, the addition amount is 1 to 8 g.

[0038] As a further preferred solution, the natural edible pigment is one or more of sodium copper chlorophyllin, phycocyanin, monascus red, gardenia blue pigment, gardenia yellow pigment, gardenia red pigment, gardenia green pigment, theaflavin, thearubigins, tea brown pigment, butterfly pea flower pigment, roselle pigment, radish red, black bean red, bilberry red, blackcurrant red, purple cabbage pigment, strawberry red, mulberry red, cherry red, red rice red, blueberry purple pigment, purple sweet potato pigment, beet red pigment, basella rubra red pigment, buddleja officinalis yellow pigment, safflower yellow pigment. Among them, based on 1 L of water volume, the addition amount is 1 to 5 g.

[0039] As a preferred solution, the penetration enhancer is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), Triton X-100, polysorbate-80, silk fibroin peptide (molecular weight 800 - 1000 Da), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, fatty acid glyceride, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sorbitan fatty acid ester, coconut oil fatty acid. Among them, based on 1 L of water volume, the addition amount is 0.5 to 5 g.

[0040] As a preferred solution, the metal ion mordant is alum (potassium alum), and based on 1 L of water volume, the addition amount is 0.15 to 0.3 g.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the catheter dredging agent is one or two of citric acid and disodium EDTA, and the addition amount is 0.5-1 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the catheter protector is one or two of sodium alginate and magnesium citrate, and the addition amount is 1-3 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the bioenzyme adjuvant is a cellulase / pectinase complex, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.3 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the light stabilizer is nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , with a particle size of 20-50 nm), and the addition amount is 0.1-0.5 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the adhesion enhancer is chitosan (deacetylation degree ≥ 85%), and the addition amount is 1-5 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is one or more of silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate (STS), silver acetate, 1-MCP microcapsule (entrapment efficiency ≥ 90%), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), methylamino vinylglycine (MVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), picolinic acid, cis-propenyl phosphonic acid (PPOH), thiabendazole (TBZ), and the addition amount is 0.01-0.5 based on 1 L of water volume.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, citric acid, tea polyphenols, malic acid, gallic acid, succinic acid, sodium ascorbate, and the addition amount is 0.01-2 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the bactericide is one or more of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), thiabendazole (TBZ), benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, and the addition amount is 0.05-0.1 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the antibacterial agent is ε-polylysine (food grade), and the addition amount is 0.05-0.2 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator is one or more of cytokinin, auxin, gibberellin, and the addition amount is 0.02-0.1 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the energy supplement is one or more of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and trehalose, and the addition amount is 20-50 g based on 1 L of water volume.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the solvent and buffer system are citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution (pH 5.5-6.0), malic acid-sodium malate buffer system (pH 5.8-6.2), citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.5-5.5), with deionized water as the balance.

[0053] Preferably, in the dyeing and preservation process step S1, the place for dyeing flowers has no absolute form, and the space size depends on the amount of flowers to be dyed. It can be open or closed, depending on whether the local climate meets the environmental conditions required for flower dyeing. The temperature range is 15-30 °C, the relative air humidity is 50%-70%, and it is well ventilated and protected from direct sunlight. Before use, the site, including the ground, walls, and the shelves for placing flower materials, etc., is comprehensively sprayed and disinfected with a 600-1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder to reduce the pathogen count and provide a healthy environment for dyeing Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers.

[0054] Its beneficial effects are: reasonably controlling the environmental conditions of the flower forcing site, such as temperature and humidity, etc., and ensuring a healthy environment without pathogen growth, so disinfection is very necessary. These measures can improve the quality of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers.

[0055] Preferably, in the dyeing and preservation process step S1, the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers can be naturally mature Gypsophila paniculata or flower-forced Gypsophila paniculata. The difference is that the opening degree of naturally mature Gypsophila paniculata is controlled at 50%-70%, and that of flower-forced Gypsophila paniculata is controlled at 70%-85%.

[0056] Its beneficial effects are: different opening degrees of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers result in differences in aspects such as dyeing speed, dyeing uniformity, color presentation effect, and damage degree of flower materials. With a larger opening degree, the dyeing speed of cut flowers is faster, the uniformity is higher, the color presentation effect is better, and the damage degree of flower materials is lower. Conversely, with a smaller opening degree, the dyeing speed of cut flowers is slower, the uniformity is lower, the color presentation effect is worse, and the damage degree of flower materials is higher. Experiments show that when the opening degree of naturally mature Gypsophila paniculata is controlled at 50%-70%, the color saturation, dyeing speed, and uniformity are the best, while for flower-forced Gypsophila paniculata, it is best to control it at 70%-85%.

[0057] Preferably, in the dyeing and preservation process step S1, for the cleaning and disinfection of the sprayer, water bucket, and tools, they need to be cleaned thoroughly with dishwashing liquid before use, then rinsed with clean water 3-5 times, and sprayed and disinfected with 400-1400 mg / L of sodium dichloroisocyanurate or disinfectant to ensure no residual impurities and pathogens, preventing them from causing pollution and damage to Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers and thus affecting dyeing.

[0058] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Since a large amount of sugars are used in the process of dyeing Gypsophila paniculata, a large number of bacteria and impurities will grow on the inner wall of the barrel due to the sugars and branches and leaves. Thorough cleaning and disinfection can ensure no residual impurities and pathogens, reduce the growth of pathogens, and prevent contamination of cut Gypsophila paniculata flowers.

[0059] Preferably, in the dyeing - preservation process step S2, for removing the redundant leaves, small lateral branches and damaged flowers at the bottom of the cut flowers, the leaves are removed based on the standard of being 10 - 20 cm higher than the dyeing solution, as well as some yellowed leaves caused by malnutrition. The lateral branches mainly remove the over - dense, withered, diseased branches and the tender branches without flower buds.

[0060] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Removing these parts can enable the water and nutrients to be concentrated and supplied to the flowers to be dyed, ensure the smooth progress of the dyeing process, make the dyeing more uniform and penetrate better. In addition, it can avoid the growth of microorganisms on the bottom leaves and damaged flowers, which affects the absorption of the dyeing solution by the flower materials.

[0061] Preferably, in the dyeing - preservation process step S2, the inflorescences are upward and arranged uniformly. When sorting the flower materials, carefully smooth the stems of the cut Gypsophila paniculata flowers to make the inflorescences face upward naturally and try to keep them in a flat space.

[0062] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The upward and uniform arrangement of the inflorescences is conducive to the smooth transportation of the dyeing solution to all parts of the inflorescence. At the same time, it is more convenient for the staff to observe and control the dyeing process, and it is also convenient for batch processing, improving work efficiency.

[0063] Preferably, in the dyeing - preservation process step S2, the bottom of the flower stem of the Gypsophila paniculata is cut into an inclined mouth, which is preferably about 45° - 60°, and the length is about 1 - 3 cm.

[0064] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Creating the largest wound area makes the dyeing more efficient. At the same time, the inclined mouth can reduce the occurrence of blockage, allowing the dyeing solution to be transported better in the flower stem, so as to dye the flowers evenly.

[0065] Preferably, in the dyeing - preservation process step S2, the moisturizing treatment is to put the cut Gypsophila paniculata flowers into clean water containing a small amount of nutrient solution for moisturizing treatment for 1 - 2 hours.

[0066] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Providing a good water and nutrition basis for the dyeing process, allowing the flower stems to fully absorb water, making the internal ducts unobstructed, ensuring the cell activity, contributing to the coloring of the flowers of the cut Gypsophila paniculata, and making the color after dyeing more uniform, natural and full.

[0067] Further preferably, the basic components of 1L of the nutrient solution are 20-50g sucrose, 50-300mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20-50mg ascorbic acid, 100-300μmol aluminum sulfate, 200-400mg Tween 20, 100-200mg citric acid, and the rest is water.

[0068] Preferably, in the dyeing-preservation process step S3, the dyeing treatment environment is regulated to maintain a temperature of 15-30°C, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and a well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight. The temperature can be adjusted using air conditioners, heaters, constant temperature warehouses and other equipment to avoid excessively high or low temperatures; the humidity can be increased by using a humidifier, placing a water container around or spraying water regularly, or by using ventilation equipment or dehumidifiers to reduce the humidity; and facilities such as sunshade nets can be used to avoid direct sunlight.

[0069] Its beneficial effect is: the environmental regulation of the dyeing room is crucial to the dyeing effect of flowers. First, the optimum temperature for the dyeing of baby's breath cut flowers is between 15 and 30 ° C. Within this temperature range, the cell membrane of the cut flowers can maintain good fluidity, which is conducive to the absorption of dyeing liquid through active transport and other means. Too high or too low temperature will affect the dyeing effect. For example, when the temperature is higher than 30 ° C, it accelerates the water loss and respiration of the baby's breath cut flowers, causing the flowers to wither faster and affecting the dyeing quality. When the temperature is lower than 15 ° C, the physiological activities of the cut flowers become slow, and the diffusion rate of the dyeing liquid will also slow down, thereby prolonging the dyeing time and possibly causing insufficient dyeing. Secondly, during the dyeing of baby's breath cut flowers, the relative humidity should be controlled between 50% and 70%, which can reduce the evaporation of water in the cut flowers. Baby's breath flowers are relatively delicate, and high humidity can provide a moisturizing environment that can keep the flowers fresh and plump, which is conducive to the better absorption and transportation of dyeing liquid by the ducts and other tissues of the flower materials. In addition, avoiding light, mainly soft scattered light or a relatively dark environment, helps maintain the stability of the baby's breath cut flowers and the dye solution. Finally, good ventilation can timely remove harmful gases such as carbon dioxide produced by the respiration of cut flowers. If the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, it will inhibit the respiration of cut flowers, thereby affecting their absorption of dye solution.

[0070] Preferably, in the dyeing-preservation process step S3, the 30 to 90 minutes is not a fixed dyeing time. The entire dyeing time and dyeing facility regulation also vary greatly with seasonal changes, as well as the influence of different dye types and concentrations. The baby's breath in the container can only be taken out when its dyed color meets market needs.

[0071] Preferably, in the dyeing-preservation process step S4, for the observation and adjustment, it is to regularly observe the dyeing situation of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, judge whether the dyeing effect meets the expectation. If the color is not deep enough, the dyeing time can be appropriately extended or the dye concentration can be increased and then continue dyeing. Generally speaking, it takes about half an hour to several hours. Lighter colors may require 30-90 minutes, such as light pink may require 30-60 minutes; darker colors may require 120-300 minutes or even longer.

[0072] Preferably, in the post-treatment, for the rehydration treatment, the root part of the stem of the freshly dyed Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers is put into a bucket filled with clear water for 1-2 hours for rehydration treatment.

[0073] Its beneficial effect is that the rehydration treatment allows the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to reabsorb water, enables the cells to restore turgor pressure, removes the residual dye, helps to fix the flower color after dyeing, makes the dyed color better adhere, and reduces the fading or discoloration of the color.

[0074] Preferably, in the post-treatment, for the color fixation and preservation treatment, the root part of the stem of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers is immersed in the prepared nutrient solution for 1-4 hours for color fixation and preservation.

[0075] Its beneficial effect is that the color fixation treatment enhances the binding force between the pigment and the cut flower tissue, prevents the pigment from falling off or fading during subsequent placement, transportation or simple touch. In addition, it allows the base of the stem of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to fully absorb the preservative solution, thereby providing sufficient nutrition and water for the flowers and extending the preservation period. At the same time, the flower stem fully absorbs the nutrients and fungicides in the preservative solution, provides energy for the flowers and inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

[0076] Further preferably, the basic components of 1L of the nutrient solution are 20-50g of sucrose, 50-300mg of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20-50mg of ascorbic acid, 100-300μmol of aluminum sulfate, 200-400mg of Tween 20, 100-200mg of citric acid, and the rest is water.

[0077] Preferably, in the post-treatment, the grading standard of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers is to grade according to the color fullness, the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads and whether the flowers are full. For example, those with a flower stem length of 80-90cm, high color fullness, full flowers and moderate openness are classified as first grade; those with a flower stem length of 70-80cm, slightly lower color fullness, slightly smaller flowers or slightly lower openness are second grade; and so on. Cut flowers of different grades can be respectively subjected to subsequent treatments to meet different market demands.

[0078] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Grading helps with subsequent differential treatment of dyed cut flowers of different qualities. Through grading, cut flowers can be divided into different grades to meet different market demands and facilitate pricing. Higher grades with good quality, excellent dyeing effects, and outstanding freshness preservation can be priced higher to reflect their value. In addition, it helps improve overall quality management and optimize logistics and storage.

[0079] Preferably, in the post-treatment, the packaging is to pack the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers according to a certain quantity and specification. Each bunch of flowers should be kept loose to avoid extrusion. Plastic film or paper packaging materials can be used. The flower branches are placed in layers, and soft materials are used to separate each layer to prevent the flower branches from rubbing and squeezing against each other. After packaging, information such as variety, quantity, harvest date, and treatment status should be indicated on the packaging box.

[0080] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Packaging the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers with moisture-preserving packaging materials such as plastic film with ventilation holes or moisture-preserving paper can reduce water loss, maintain the freshness of the flower materials, and create good moisture conditions for the preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers.

[0081] Preferably, in the post-treatment, the pre-cooling treatment is to put the packaged Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers into a cold storage for pre-cooling. The temperature is set at about 2°C - 5°C, the relative humidity is 80 - 95%, and the pre-cooling time is 12 - 72 hours. During the cold storage process, the state of the flowers should be checked regularly, and damaged or deteriorated flower bunches should be picked out in a timely manner. Under cold storage conditions, the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers can be stored for 1 - 3 weeks.

[0082] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Conducting pre-cooling treatment on the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, its lower temperature can reduce the intensity of respiration, which is beneficial to the preservation of cut flowers. At the same time, the low-temperature environment is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, reducing the risk of disease infection caused by microorganisms to the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers.

[0083] Preferably, in the post-treatment, the transportation adopts the low-temperature cold storage transportation method to ensure that the temperature during transportation is always maintained at 2 - 5°C, and the relative humidity is 80% - 95%. The transportation vehicle should have good shock absorption performance to avoid damaging the flower branches due to jolting. If the transportation time is long, an appropriate amount of ice bags or moisture-preserving cotton balls can be placed in the packaging to supplement moisture and maintain humidity, ensuring that the dyed Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers can still maintain good quality when they reach the destination.

[0084] Its beneficial effects are as follows: Low-temperature cold storage transportation slows down the metabolism of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, reduces the consumption of nutrients, and inhibits the activities of microorganisms, so that the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers can maintain a fresh state for a longer time during transportation.

[0085] Preferably, the water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, purified water, tap water, well water, and mineral water.

[0086] Further preferably, the water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, and purified water.

[0087] The beneficial effects are as follows: Compared with ordinary water, these three types of water, namely distilled water, deionized water, and purified water, can avoid damage to Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers caused by impurities and microorganisms in the water. In addition, during the dyeing stage, it is necessary to precisely control the supply of various reagents to avoid interference from the original components in the water.

[0088] A processing method and a special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0089] ⑴ The present invention firstly provides a complete process scheme for an effective processing method and a special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers;

[0090] ⑵ Through a low-molecular dye composite penetration-promoting system, full-course inhibition of ethylene signals, and catheter protection technology, etc., the present invention solves problems such as the unfull color, easy color shedding, and shortened flowering period after dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, realizes rapid dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers within 30 minutes, and at the same time ensures the vase life of the cut flowers, with a flowering period of up to 20 - 24 days;

[0091] ⑶ Compared with the existing Gypsophila paniculata cut flower dyeing technology, by using the method of the present invention, through fine screening of the optimal concentration suitable for dyeing of different pigments, the coloring speed is fast, and the effect can be seen within a few minutes. At the same time, the coloring is symmetrical and uniform, not easy to fade, and the loss during the dyeing process is small, which can reduce the production cost to a certain extent and improve the production efficiency;

[0092] ⑷ Various colors can be dyed according to market demands and consumer preferences, such as pink, blue, purple, gradient colors, etc., presenting some unique color combinations that do not exist in nature, endowing it with stronger expressiveness, improving the ornamental effect, meeting the personalized aesthetic needs of different consumers, and adding a unique visual effect to floral works;

[0093] ⑸ Among many dyeing processes, the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers dyed by the present invention are brightly colored and unique, are more likely to attract the attention of consumers, stimulate the purchase desire of consumers, and improve the market competitiveness of products;

[0094] ⑹ The method of the present invention clarifies the method process, has strong operability, significantly improves the post-dyeing preservation effect of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, can realize large-scale production of Gypsophila paniculata cut flower dyeing, and has broad development prospects in the production promotion and application of fresh cut flower dyeing.

[0095] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the following further describes the invention in detail in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0096] A processing method and a special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, comprising the following steps:

[0097] ⑴. Formula of the dyeing-preservation composite special preparation:

[0098] Rapid dyeing module:

[0099] Low-molecular-weight water-soluble dye (molecular weight ≤ 500 Da): 1 - 8 g / L;

[0100] Penetration promoter: 0.5 - 5 g / L;

[0101] Metal ion mordant (fixing pigment): 0.15 - 0.3 g / L;

[0102] Catheter dredging agent: 0.5 - 1 g / L;

[0103] Catheter protector: 1 - 3 g / L;

[0104] Biological enzyme assistant (decomposing cell wall barrier): 0.1 - 0.3 g / L;

[0105] Light stabilizer (anti-ultraviolet fading): 0.1 - 0.5 g / L;

[0106] Adhesion enhancer (improving pigment adhesion): 1 - 5 g / L.

[0107] Ethylene inhibition preservation module:

[0108] Ethylene inhibitor (reducing the sensitivity of cut flowers to ethylene): 0.01 - 0.5 g / L;

[0109] Antioxidant (inhibiting pigment oxidation and fading and delaying petal senescence): 0.01 - 2 g / L;

[0110] Fungicide: 0.05 - 0.1 g / L;

[0111] Antibacterial agent (preventing the corruption of the dyeing solution): 0.05 - 0.2 g / L;

[0112] Plant growth regulator (reducing the respiratory intensity of cut flowers and reducing the consumption of nutrients): 0.02 - 0.1 g / L;

[0113] Energy supplement (as a respiratory substrate to ensure energy supply): 20 - 50 g / L.

[0114] Solvent and buffer system (stabilize the attachment of pigments and activate the activity of preservation ingredients): citric acid-sodium citrate buffer system (pH 5.5 - 6.0), malic acid-sodium malate buffer system (pH 5.8 - 6.2), citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer system (pH 4.5 - 5.5), with the balance being deionized water.

[0115] Preparation of the dyeing-preservation composite solution: Add according to the component ratios of each module of the formula. First, dissolve the energy supplement and low-molecular-weight water-soluble dye in warm water. After cooling, sequentially add the penetration enhancer, metal ion mordant, duct dredging agent, duct protection agent, bioenzyme assistant, light stabilizer, adhesion enhancer, ethylene inhibitor, antioxidant, bactericide, antibacterial agent, and plant growth regulator, and stir evenly. Then, use the solvent and buffer system to control the pH value at around 4.5 - 6.5.

[0116] ⑵ Dyeing-preservation process

[0117] S1. Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, well-ventilated, and light-shielded flower dyeing site and conduct a comprehensive spray disinfection of the site environment. At the same time, carefully select healthy, fresh Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers with an opening degree of 50% - 90% and a flower stem length of 80 - 110 cm, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used.

[0118] S2. Flower material treatment: First, use clean scissors to cut off the excess leaves, small side branches, and damaged flowers at the bottom of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers, and trim them neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems to ensure that the inflorescences are upward and arranged uniformly. Then, cut the bottom of the flower stems of Gypsophila paniculata into an inclined mouth, and then conduct a moisture preservation treatment on the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers for 1 - 2 hours.

[0119] S3. Dyeing-preservation treatment: Place the treated flower stems of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers into the dyeing-preservation composite solution, ensuring that 5 - 20 cm of the bottom of the flower stems is immersed in the solution. Tools such as rubber bands can be used to fix the flower bouquet to keep it upright. Then, place it in a place with a temperature of about 15 - 30 °C, a relative humidity of 50% - 70%, good ventilation, and avoiding direct sunlight. After 30 - 90 minutes, the expected color can be achieved.

[0120] S4. Observation and adjustment: Regularly observe the color change of the flowers during the dyeing process. After achieving a satisfactory dyeing effect, gently remove the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers from the dyeing solution.

[0121] ⑶ Post-treatment

[0122] After dyeing is completed, first subject the dyed Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to rehydration treatment for 1 to 2 hours, then subject the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to color fixation and freshness preservation treatment for 1 to 4 hours. Then, weigh the cut flowers as needed, grade them according to color fullness, branch length and thickness, flower head neatness, and whether the flowers are plump. Next, pack them according to the requirements of the domestic and international markets and place them in a cold storage. Keep the temperature between 2 and 5 °C and the relative humidity at 80 to 95%. Conduct pre-cooling treatment for 12 to 72 hours before shipping. Finally, maintain a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0123] The present invention solves the problems of insufficient color fullness, easy color shedding, and shortened flowering period after dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers. The operation is simple and easy to implement. It realizes rapid dyeing of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers within 30 minutes, and the petals are evenly dyed and the color is stable. At the same time, it also ensures the vase life of the cut flowers, and the flowering period is up to 20 to 24 days.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] A processing method and special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and freshness preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers (synthetic food coloring dyeing + freshness preservation)

[0126] ⑴. Prepare a dyeing-freshness preservation composite solution

[0127] Brilliant Blue 4 g / L + Polysorbate-80 3 g / L + Potassium Alum 0.15 g / L + Disodium EDTA 0.5 g / L + Sodium Alginate 1 g / L + Cellulase / Pectinase Complex 0.3 g / L + TiO 2 0.3 g / L + Chitosan 2 g / L + 1-MCP Microcapsule 0.1 g / L + Ascorbic Acid 0.1 g / L + 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate (8-HQS) 0.1 g / L + ε-Polylysine 0.1 g / L + GA 3 0.01 g / L + Trehalose 30 g / L + pH 6 Citric Acid-Sodium Citrate Buffer System, make up to 1 L with deionized water.

[0128] ⑵. Dyeing-freshness preservation process treatment

[0129] S1. Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, well-ventilated and light-shielded flower dyeing place and conduct a comprehensive spray disinfection on the site environment. At the same time, carefully select healthy, fresh Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers with an opening degree of 50% to 90% and a flower stem length of 80 to 110 cm, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used.

[0130] S2. Flower material treatment: First, use clean scissors to cut off the redundant leaves and small side branches at the bottom of the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers and damaged flowers, and trim them neatly according to the flower stem length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are upward and arranged uniformly. Then, cut the bottom of the flower stem of the Gypsophila paniculata into an inclined mouth, and then subject the Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers to moisture preservation treatment for 1 to 2 hours.

[0131] S3. Dyeing - Fresh - keeping Treatment: Put the processed cut flower stems of Gypsophila paniculata into the dyeing - fresh - keeping composite solution, ensuring that the bottom 5 - 20 cm of the flower stems is immersed in the solution. Tools such as rubber bands can be used to fix the flower bouquet to keep it upright. Then place it in a place with a temperature of about 15 - 30 °C, a relative humidity of 50% - 70%, good ventilation and avoiding direct sunlight. After 30 - 90 minutes, the expected color can be achieved.

[0132] S4. Observation and Adjustment: During the dyeing process, regularly observe the change of the flower color. After achieving a satisfactory dyeing effect, gently take out the cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata from the dyeing solution.

[0133] ⑶. Effect Verification and Comparison

[0134] Index Traditional staining method This optimized solution Improvement rate Color development time (minutes) 90～120 30～50 Shortened by 60% - 70% Vase life (days) 9～11 20～22 Extended by 100% - 120% Color development uniformity (%) 60％～70％ 85％～95％ Improved by 25% - 35% Color stability (7 days) Fading rate 30% Fading rate ≤ 5% Reduced by more than 80% Catheter blockage rate (%) 15％～20％ ≤3％ Reduced by more than 85%

[0135] Example 2

[0136] A processing method and special preparation for the rapid dyeing and fresh - keeping synergistic treatment of cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata (dyeing + fresh - keeping with 9 synthetic food colors)

[0137] ⑴. Preparation of the Dyeing - Fresh - keeping Composite Solution

[0138] Respectively select (4 g / L each of 9 synthetic food colors: fruit green, carmine, lemon yellow, grape purple, amaranth red, tomato red, sunset yellow, allura red, black) + 3 g / L of polysorbate - 80 + 0.15 g / L of potassium alum + 0.5 g / L of disodium EDTA + 1 g / L of sodium alginate + 0.3 g / L of cellulase / pectinase complex + TiO 2 0.3 g / L + 2 g / L of chitosan + 0.1 g / L of 1 - MCP microcapsule + 0.1 g / L of ascorbic acid + 0.1 g / L of 8 - hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8 - HQS) + 0.1 g / L of ε - polylysine + GA 3 0.01 g / L + 30 g / L of trehalose + pH 6 citric acid - sodium citrate buffer system, and make up to 1 L with deionized water.

[0139] ⑵. Dyeing - Fresh - keeping Process Treatment is the same as above

[0140] ⑶. Effect Verification and Comparison

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Example 3

[0144] A processing method and special preparation for the rapid dyeing and fresh - keeping synergistic treatment of cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata (dyeing + fresh - keeping with natural food colors)

[0145] Example 3

[0146] A processing method and special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers (natural edible pigment dyeing + preservation)

[0147] ⑴. Prepare the dyeing-preservation composite solution

[0148] Gardenia blue pigment 4 g / L + silk fibroin peptide 2 g / L + potassium alum 0.3 g / L + citric acid 1 g / L + magnesium citrate 1 g / L + cellulase / pectinase complex 0.3 g / L + TiO 2 0.5 g / L + chitosan 2 g / L + silver thiosulfate 0.05 g / L + sodium ascorbate 0.5 g / L + 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) 0.1 g / L + ε-polylysine 0.1 g / L + GA 3 0.01 g / L + trehalose 50 g / L + pH 6 malic acid - sodium malate buffer system, make up to 1 L with deionized water.

[0149] ⑵. The dyeing-preservation process treatment is the same as above

[0150] ⑶. Effect verification and comparison

[0151] Index Traditional staining method This optimized solution Improvement rate Color development time (minutes) 80～100 30～40 Shortened by 60% - 70% Vase life (days) 10～12 22～24 Extended by 100% - 120% Color development uniformity (%) 70％～80％ 85％～95％ Improved by 15% - 25% Color stability (7 days) Fading rate 60% Fading rate ≤ 20% Reduced by more than 70% Catheter blockage rate (%) 15％～20％ ≤3％ Reduced by more than 85%

[0152] Example 4

[0153] A processing method and special preparation for the coordinated treatment of rapid dyeing and preservation of Gypsophila paniculata cut flowers (9 natural edible pigment dyeing + preservation)

[0154] ⑴. Prepare the dyeing-preservation composite solution

[0155] Respectively select (phycocyanin, tea brown pigment, radish red, blueberry purple pigment, mulberry red, strawberry red, gardenia green pigment, cherry red, buddleja yellow pigment, 9 natural edible pigments) 5 g / L each + polysorbate-80 3 g / L + potassium alum 0.15 g / L + EDTA disodium 0.5 g / L + sodium alginate 1 g / L + cellulase / pectinase complex 0.3 g / L + TiO 2 0.3 g / L + chitosan 2 g / L + 1-MCP microcapsule 0.1 g / L + ascorbic acid 0.1 g / L + 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 0.1 g / L + ε-polylysine 0.1 g / L + GA 3 0.01 g / L + trehalose 30 g / L + pH 6 citric acid - sodium citrate buffer system, make up to 1 L with deionized water.

[0156] ⑵. The dyeing-preservation process treatment is the same as above

[0157] ⑶. Effect verification and comparison

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and preservation of baby's breath cut flowers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ⑴. Formula of special compound preparation for dyeing and preservation: Quick staining module: Low molecular weight water-soluble dye (molecular weight ≤ 500Da): 1-8g / L; Penetration enhancer: 0.5-5 g / L; Metal ion mordant (fixed pigment): 0.15-0.3 g / L; Catheter unclogging agent: 0.5-1 g / L; Catheter protectant: 1-3 g / L; Biological enzyme auxiliary agent (decomposing cell wall barrier): 0.1~0.3g / L; Light stabilizer (anti-ultraviolet fading): 0.1-0.5g / L; Adhesion enhancer (to improve pigment adhesion): 1-5g / L. Ethylene inhibition and fresh-keeping module: Ethylene inhibitor (reduces the sensitivity of cut flowers to ethylene): 0.01-0.5 g / L; Antioxidants (inhibit pigment oxidation and fading and delay petal aging): 0.01-2 g / L; Fungicide: 0.05~0.1g / L; Antibacterial agent (to prevent staining liquid from corruption): 0.05-0.2 g / L; Plant growth regulator (reduces the respiration intensity of cut flowers and reduces the consumption of nutrients): 0.02-0.1 g / L; Energy supplement (as respiratory substrate to ensure energy supply): 20-50g / L. Solvent and buffer system (stabilizes pigment attachment and activates the activity of preservative ingredients): citric acid-sodium citrate buffer system (pH 5.5-6.0), malic acid-sodium malate buffer system (pH 5.8-6.2), citric acid disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer system (pH 4.5-5.5), and deionized water as the balance. Preparation of dyeing-preservation composite liquid: Add according to the proportion of each module component in the formula, first dissolve the energy supplement and low molecular water-soluble dye in warm water, and after cooling, add penetration enhancer, metal ion mordant, duct unclogging agent, duct protector, biological enzyme adjuvant, light stabilizer, adhesion enhancer, ethylene inhibitor, antioxidant, bactericide, antibacterial agent, plant growth regulator in sequence, stir evenly, and then use solvent and buffer system to control the pH value at about 4.5-6.

5. ⑵, Dyeing-preservation process S1. Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, well-ventilated and light-shielding dyeing site and spray and disinfect the site environment thoroughly. Select healthy, fresh, 50% to 90% open, 80 to 110 cm long baby's breath cut flowers, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used; S2. Flower material processing: First, use clean scissors to cut off the excess leaves and small side branches at the bottom of the baby's breath cut flowers and the damaged flowers, and trim them neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring that the inflorescences are upward and arranged uniformly, then cut the bottom of the flower stems of the baby's breath into an oblique mouth, and then moisturize the baby's breath cut flowers for 1 to 2 hours; S3. Dyeing-preservation treatment: Place the treated baby's breath cut flower stems into the dyeing-preservation compound solution, ensuring that the bottom 5 to 20 cm of the stems are immersed in the solution. Use rubber bands and other tools to fix the bouquets to keep them upright. Then place them in a well-ventilated place with a temperature of about 15 to 30°C and a relative humidity of 50% to 70% and avoid direct sunlight. The desired color will be achieved after 30 to 90 minutes. S4. Observation and adjustment: During the dyeing process, regularly observe the changes in flower color. Once a satisfactory dyeing effect is achieved, gently remove the baby's breath cut flowers from the dyeing liquid. ⑶. Post-processing After dyeing is completed, the dyed baby's breath cut flowers are first subjected to water treatment for 1 to 2 hours, and then subjected to color fixation and preservation treatment for 1 to 4 hours. The cut flowers are then weighed as needed, and graded according to color saturation, branch length and thickness, uniformity of flower heads, and whether the flowers are full. They are then packaged according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets and placed in cold storage, with the temperature maintained between 2 and 5°C and the relative humidity between 80 and 95%. They are pre-cooled for 12 to 72 hours before shipment, and should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

2. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping coordinated treatment of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low molecular weight water-soluble dye (molecular weight ≤ 500Da) is a food coloring agent, which includes two categories: synthetic food coloring agent and natural food coloring agent. The synthetic food coloring agent is a "Lion Head" brand coloring agent produced by Shanghai Dyestuff Research Institute Co., Ltd., which is a kind of bright blue, indigo, fruit green, carmine, lemon yellow, grape purple, amaranth, tomato red, sunset yellow, temptation red, erythrosine, egg yolk, cocoa brown, black, brown, cyan, milk chocolate brown, tender leaf green, quinoline yellow, lemon color, sunset color, and carmine color. The amount of addition is measured by 1L of water. 1-8g; the natural food pigment is one or more of chlorophyll copper sodium salt, phycocyanin, red yeast rice, gardenia blue, gardenia yellow, gardenia red, gardenia green, theaflavins, thearubigins, theabrownins, butterfly pea pigment, roselle red pigment, radish red, black bean red, bilberry red, blackcurrant red, purple cabbage pigment, strawberry red, mulberry red, cherry red, red rice red, blueberry purple pigment, purple sweet potato pigment, beet red pigment, aloe vera red pigment, buddleja yellow pigment, and safflower yellow pigment, wherein the addition amount is 1-5g based on 1L of water; The penetration enhancer is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), Triton X-100 (Triton X-100), polysorbate 80, silk protein peptide (molecular weight 800-1000 Da), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, fatty acid glyceride, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sorbitan fatty acid ester, coconut oil fatty acid, wherein the addition amount is 0.5-5 g based on 1 L of water; The metal ion mordant is alum (potassium aluminum sulfate), of which the added amount is 0.15-0.3g based on 1L of water; the catheter unclogging agent is one or two of citric acid and disodium EDTA, of which the added amount is 0.5-1g based on 1L of water. The catheter protective agent is one or both of sodium alginate and magnesium citrate, wherein the added amount is 1 to 3 g per 1 L of water; The biological enzyme auxiliary agent is a cellulase / pectinase complex, wherein the addition amount is 0.1-0.3 g per 1 L of water; The light stabilizer is nano titanium dioxide (TiO2, particle size 20-50 nm), wherein the addition amount is 0.1-0.5 g per 1 L of water; The adhesion enhancer is chitosan (deacetylation degree ≥ 85%), wherein the addition amount is 1 to 5 g per 1 L of water; The ethylene inhibitor is one or more of silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate (STS), silver acetate, 1-MCP microcapsule (embedding rate ≥ 90%), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), methylaminovinylglycine (MVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), picolinic acid, cis-propylene phosphate (PPOH), thiabendazole (TBZ), wherein the addition amount is 0.01-0.5 based on 1L of water; The antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, citric acid, tea polyphenols, malic acid, gallic acid, succinic acid, and sodium ascorbate, wherein the amount added is 0.01 to 2 g per liter of water; The fungicide is one or more of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), thiabendazole (TBZ), benzalkonium chloride, and benzalkonium bromide, wherein the addition amount is 0.05 to 0.1 g based on 1 L of water; The antibacterial agent is ε-polylysine (food grade), wherein the addition amount is 0.05-0.2 g per 1 L of water; The plant growth regulator is one or more of cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin, wherein the addition amount is 0.02-0.1 g per liter of water; The energy supplement is one or more of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and trehalose, wherein the amount added is 20 to 50 g per liter of water; The solvent and buffer system are citric acid-sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5-6.0), malic acid-sodium malate buffer (pH 5.8-6.2), citric acid disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.5-5.5), and the balance is deionized water.

3. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping coordinated treatment of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the staged dyeing-preservation process step S1, the dyeing place has no absolute form. The size of the space depends on the amount of dyed flowers. It can be open or closed, depending on whether the local climate meets the environmental conditions required for dyeing flowers. The temperature range is 15-30°C, the relative humidity of the air is 50%-70%, and it is well ventilated and avoids direct sunlight. Before use, use 600-1000 times of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to spray and disinfect the site, including the ground, walls, and shelves for placing flowers, etc., to reduce the base number of pathogens and provide a healthy environment for dyeing baby's breath cut flowers. The baby's breath cut flowers can be naturally mature baby's breath or forced-flowering baby's breath, the difference is that the opening degree of naturally mature baby's breath is controlled at 50% to 70%, and the opening degree of forced-flowering baby's breath is controlled at 70% to 85%. The cleaning and disinfection of the sprayer, bucket and tools require cleaning with detergent before use, then rinsing with clean water for 3 to 5 times, and spraying disinfection with 400 to 1400 mg / L of chloramine or disinfectant to ensure that there are no residual impurities and germs to prevent them from causing pollution and damage to the baby's breath cut flowers, thereby affecting dyeing.

4. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping coordinated treatment of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dyeing-preservation process step S2, the excess leaves and small side branches and damaged flowers at the bottom of the cut flowers are removed, and the leaves are removed based on the standard of being 10 to 20 cm higher than the dyeing liquid, as well as some yellow leaves caused by malnutrition. The side branches mainly remove overcrowded, dead branches, diseased branches and tender branches without flower buds; The inflorescences are upward and uniformly arranged. When arranging the flowers, carefully straighten the stems of the baby's breath cut flowers so that the inflorescences naturally face upward and are kept in a flat space as much as possible; The bottom of the flower stem of the baby's breath is cut into an oblique mouth, preferably about 45° to 60°, and the length is about 1 to 3 cm; The moisturizing treatment is to put the baby's breath cut flowers into clean water containing a small amount of nutrient solution for moisturizing treatment for 1 to 2 hours, that is, the basic components of 1L of the nutrient solution are 20 to 50g of sucrose, 50 to 300mg of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20 to 50mg of ascorbic acid, 100 to 300μmol of aluminum sulfate, 200 to 400mg of Tween 20, 100 to 200mg of citric acid, and the rest is water.

5. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping coordinated treatment of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the staged dyeing-preservation process step S3, the dyeing treatment environment is regulated to maintain a temperature of 15-30°C, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and a well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight. The temperature can be adjusted using air conditioners, heaters, constant temperature warehouses and other equipment to avoid excessively high or low temperatures; the humidity can be increased by using a humidifier, placing water containers around or spraying water regularly, or by using ventilation equipment or dehumidifiers to reduce the humidity; and facilities such as sunshade nets can be used to avoid direct sunlight. The 30-90 minutes mentioned above are not fixed dyeing times. The entire dyeing time and dyeing facility regulation also vary greatly with seasonal changes, as well as the influence of different dye types and concentrations. The baby's breath in the container can only be taken out when its dyed color meets market needs.

6. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and fresh-keeping coordinated treatment of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the staged dyeing-preservation process step S4, the observation and adjustment, i.e., regularly observing the dyeing of the baby's breath cut flowers, determines whether the dyeing effect reaches the expected effect. If the color is not dark enough, the dyeing time can be appropriately extended or the dye concentration can be increased before continuing the dyeing. Generally speaking, it takes about half an hour to several hours. Lighter colors may take 30 to 90 minutes, such as light pink, which may take 30 to 60 minutes; darker colors may take 120 to 300 minutes or even longer.

7. The processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and preservation of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the post-treatment, the water return treatment is to place the stem roots of the freshly dyed baby's breath cut flowers into a bucket filled with clean water for water return treatment for 1 to 2 hours; the color fixation and fresh-keeping treatment is to immerse the stem roots of the baby's breath cut flowers into a prepared nutrient solution for color fixation and fresh-keeping for 1 to 4 hours, that is, the basic components of 1L of the nutrient solution are 20 to 50g sucrose, 50 to 300mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20 to 50mg ascorbic acid, 100 to 300μmol aluminum sulfate, 200 to 400mg Tween 20, 100 to 200mg citric acid, and the rest is water; The grading standard of baby's breath cut flowers is based on color saturation, branch length and thickness, uniformity of flower heads and whether the flowers are full. For example, flowers with a stem length of 80 to 90 cm, high color saturation, full flowers and moderate openness are classified as level one; flowers with a stem length of 70 to 80 cm, slightly lower color saturation, slightly smaller flowers or slightly lower openness are classified as level two; and so on. Cut flowers of different levels can be processed separately to meet different market demands. The packaging is to package the baby's breath cut flowers according to a certain quantity and specification, and each bunch of flowers should be kept loose to avoid squeezing. Plastic film or paper packaging materials can be used to place the flower branches in layers, and each layer is separated by soft materials to prevent the flower branches from rubbing and squeezing each other. After packaging, information such as variety, quantity, harvest date and processing status should be indicated on the packaging box. The precooling treatment is to put the packaged baby's breath cut flowers into a cold storage for precooling, the temperature is set at about 2°C to 5°C, the relative humidity is 80% to 95%, and the precooling time is 12 to 72 hours. The state of the flowers should be checked regularly during the cold storage process, and damaged or deteriorated bouquets should be picked out in time. Under cold storage conditions, baby's breath cut flowers can be stored for 1 to 3 weeks. The transportation adopts low-temperature refrigerated transportation to ensure that the temperature during transportation is always maintained at 2-5°C and the relative humidity is 80%-95%. The transportation vehicle should have good shock absorption performance to avoid damage to the flower branches due to bumps. If the transportation time is long, an appropriate amount of ice packs or moisturizing cotton balls can be placed in the package to replenish water and maintain humidity to ensure that the dyed baby's breath cut flowers can still maintain good quality when they arrive at the destination.

8. A processing method and special preparation for rapid dyeing and preservation of baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1 / 2 / 4 / 7, characterized in that: The water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, purified water, tap water, well water, and mineral water.

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