Rice and wheat combine harvester cleaning device intelligent regulation and control method based on rice and wheat attributes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a rice and wheat combine harvester cleaning device intelligent regulation and control method based on rice and wheat attributes, and the method comprises the steps: standardizing a field operation environment, a cleaning loss rate, an impurity rate and operation parameters, and building a historical data case library; according to rice and wheat varieties and attributes input by a user, sorting operation parameters in historical cases are matched through similarity retrieval; automatically adjusting the angle of an air distribution plate, the rotating speed of a fan and the opening degree of an upper screen by taking the matching parameters as initial settings; monitoring the operation data in real time, if the impurity rate is abnormal, adjusting the parameters to a normal range, and storing the final parameters and the operation data into a case library for subsequent retrieval; according to the intelligent regulation and control method for the cleaning device of the rice and wheat combine harvester based on the rice and wheat attributes, it can be guaranteed that the cleaning loss rate and the cleaning impurity rate are kept within the normal range at the same time, the operation efficiency of the combine harvester is improved, and crop losses are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically, it relates to an intelligent control method for the cleaning device of a rice and wheat combine harvester based on the attributes of rice and wheat. Background Art

[0002] The rice and wheat combine harvester is an important mechanical equipment in agricultural production, and the performance of its cleaning device directly affects the harvesting quality and efficiency. The main function of the cleaning device is to separate the threshed grains from impurities through the cooperation of a fan and a sieve to obtain clean grains. The working parameters of the cleaning device mainly include the fan speed, the angle of the air distribution plate, and the opening degree of the upper cleaning sieve. The reasonable setting of these parameters has an important impact on the cleaning effect.

[0003] Rice and wheat in different regions and of different varieties have different physical properties, and there are also differences in the moisture content and straw-to-grain ratio of the same variety under different growth environments. Many scholars have repeatedly demonstrated through field experiments and cleaning machinery simulation platforms that rice and wheat varieties, the straw-to-grain ratio and moisture content of rice and wheat have important influences on the operating parameters of the cleaning device of the combine harvester and the related cleaning loss rate and impurity content rate. However, the current research on the control strategy of the cleaning device of the rice and wheat combine harvester mainly focuses on the research of fuzzy control methods, lacking the research of intelligent control methods that reveal the correlation laws between rice and wheat attributes such as rice and wheat varieties, moisture content and straw-to-grain ratio and the operating parameters of the cleaning device and the cleaning quality such as the cleaning loss rate and the cleaning impurity content rate, making it difficult to ensure that both the cleaning loss rate and the impurity content rate are within a reasonable range, resulting in high operating efficiency and high crop loss rate of the combine harvester. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an intelligent control method for the cleaning device of a rice and wheat combine harvester based on the attributes of rice and wheat, to solve the technical problems of high operating efficiency and high crop loss rate of the combine harvester in the related art.

[0005] The present invention provides an intelligent control method for the cleaning device of a rice and wheat combine harvester based on the attributes of rice and wheat, including:

[0006] Normalize and unify the data representation of the key factors of the field operation environment, the cleaning loss rate, the cleaning impurity content rate, and the cleaning operation parameters, and form historical data cases of the cleaning device operation parameters and store them in the database;

[0007] Receive the retrieval conditions submitted by the user, including the rice and wheat varieties and the attributes of rice and wheat, and use the historical data cases in the database to retrieve the historical data cases of the cleaning operation parameters that match the current problem through similarity calculation;

[0008] Take the cleaning device operation parameters in the matched historical data cases as the initial parameters for the current operation, and automatically set the initial parameters to the air distribution plate angle, fan speed, and cleaning upper sieve opening of the cleaning device;

[0009] Real-time monitor the cleaning loss rate, cleaning impurity content rate, and cleaning device operation parameters. When it is detected that the cleaning impurity content rate exceeds the normal range, adjust the operation parameters until the cleaning impurity content rate returns to the normal range, and form new cleaning device operation parameter historical data cases with the final operation parameters and their corresponding rice and wheat varieties, rice and wheat attributes, and operation quality data, and store them in the database for subsequent case retrieval.

[0010] Further, the cleaning device operation parameter historical data cases include:

[0011] Problem description part: including moisture content, straw-to-grain ratio, rice and wheat varieties, cleaning impurity content rate, and cleaning loss rate;

[0012] Solution part: including air distribution plate angle, fan speed, and cleaning upper sieve opening.

[0013] Further, the steps of the similarity operation include:

[0014] First, judge whether the rice and wheat varieties in the cases in the case library correspond;

[0015] If the rice and wheat varieties correspond, calculate the similarity of the straw-to-grain ratio and moisture content in the rice and wheat variety matching cases;

[0016] If the rice and wheat varieties do not correspond, calculate the similarity of the straw-to-grain ratio and moisture content in the case library.

[0017] Further, the similarity calculation of the straw-to-grain ratio and moisture content adopts the Euclidean distance calculation, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0018] Sim(C′,C i )=(h′-h i ) 2 +(c′-c i ) 2

[0019] where h′ and c′ are the moisture content and straw-to-grain ratio of the target case respectively, and h i and c i are the moisture content and straw-to-grain ratio of the i-th case in the case library respectively.

[0020] Further, the modification of the cleaning device operation parameter historical data cases includes:

[0021] Set the number of retrieved cleaning device operation parameter historical data cases;

[0022] Modify and improve the case attribute values such as rice and wheat varieties, rice and wheat attributes, cleaning device operation parameters, cleaning impurity content rate, and cleaning loss rate for the historical data cases of the cleaning device operation parameters retrieved.

[0023] Further, during the regulation process of the cleaning device operation parameters:

[0024] The adjustment range of the upper sieve opening of the cleaning is from 11 mm to 16 mm;

[0025] The adjustment range of the fan speed is from 950 r / min to 1100 r / min;

[0026] The initial value of the air distribution plate angle is 20°.

[0027] Further, it also includes a real-time monitoring system for:

[0028] Monitoring the cleaning loss rate and the cleaning impurity content rate;

[0029] Monitoring the cleaning device operation parameters such as the fan speed, the air distribution plate angle, and the upper sieve opening of the cleaning;

[0030] The data acquisition frequency is 1 Hz.

[0031] Further, the normal range of the cleaning loss rate is within 3%, and the normal range of the cleaning impurity content rate is within 0.3%.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: It can provide the most similar cleaning device operation parameter regulation scheme with the cleaning impurity content rate and the cleaning loss rate within the normal range according to the rice and wheat varieties and the rice and wheat attributes submitted by the user. Combining with the regulation of the cleaning device operation parameter dynamic regulation model, it can ensure that both the cleaning loss rate and the cleaning impurity content rate are maintained within the normal range, improve the operation efficiency of the combine harvester, and reduce crop losses. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 is the flow chart of the regulation method steps of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is the flow chart of the cleaning device operation parameter regulation model of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 is the curve graph of the change of the cleaning impurity content rate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is the curve graph of the change of the cleaning impurity content rate of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is the curve of the change of the upper sieve opening of the cleaning of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6is the fan speed change curve of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is the air distribution plate angle change curve graph of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0040] Now, the subject matter described herein will be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that discussing these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the subject matter described herein, and the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed can be changed without departing from the protection scope of the content of this specification. Each example can omit, substitute, or add various processes or components as needed. Additionally, the features described relative to some examples can also be combined in other examples.

[0041] The present invention provides an intelligent control method for the cleaning device of a rice and wheat combine harvester based on the properties of rice and wheat. The following will describe the present invention in detail with specific embodiments:

[0042] The intelligent control system of the cleaning device of the present invention mainly includes the following parts: 1. Historical database of the operating parameters of the cleaning device: A relational database is used to establish a data table containing the properties of rice and wheat, operating parameters, and operating quality; 2. Real-time monitoring system: A data acquisition system based on a single-chip microcomputer is used to communicate with each sensor through the CAN bus; 3. Intelligent control system: An intelligent matching and control algorithm is used; 4. Visual management interface: A human-computer interaction system based on a graphical interface.

[0043] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, the entire system realizes the intelligent control of the operating parameters of the cleaning device through the intelligent matching of historical data cases and real-time monitoring feedback.

[0044] First, the following data is processed for normalization and unification:

[0045] Key factors of the field operation environment:

[0046] Rice and wheat varieties: A unified variety coding system is adopted. For example, "Nanjing 9108" is coded as "NJ9108";

[0047] Moisture content: It is uniformly expressed as a percentage, accurate to 1 decimal place after the decimal point;

[0048] Ratio of straw to grain: It is uniformly expressed as a ratio, accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point;

[0049] Quality indicators of the cleaning operation:

[0050] Cleaning loss rate: It is uniformly expressed as a percentage, accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point;

[0051] Cleaning impurity content rate: uniformly expressed as a percentage, accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point

[0052] Operating parameters of the cleaning device:

[0053] Air distribution plate angle: uniformly expressed in degrees (°), accurate to an integer;

[0054] Fan speed: uniformly expressed in revolutions per minute (r / min), accurate to an integer;

[0055] Opening of the upper cleaning sieve: uniformly expressed in millimeters (mm), accurate to 1 decimal place after the decimal point.

[0056] Each historical data case contains the following attributes: 1. Case identifier: a unique number; 2. Rice and wheat variety code: a 10-bit string; 3. Moisture content: a percentage accurate to 1 decimal place after the decimal point; 4. Straw-to-grain ratio: a ratio accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point; 5. Cleaning impurity content rate: a percentage accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point; 6. Cleaning loss rate: a percentage accurate to 2 decimal places after the decimal point; 7. Air distribution plate angle: an integer value in degrees; 8. Fan speed: an integer value in r / min; 9. Opening of the upper cleaning sieve: accurate to 1 decimal place in mm; 10. Timestamp: the case creation and update time;

[0057] For the convenience of mathematical expression and calculation, the following parameter values can be used: Moisture content: h Straw-to-grain ratio: c Rice and wheat variety: p Cleaning impurity content rate: z Cleaning loss rate: s Air distribution plate angle: f Fan speed: j Opening of the upper cleaning sieve: y

[0058] Therefore, a case consisting of a problem description and a solution is expressed as:

[0059] C k =(h k ,c k ,p k ,z k ,s k :f k ,j k ,y k )

[0060] Among them, C represents the target case, and k is the number of historical cases in the case library. The parameters on the left side of the colon are used as the problem description, and the parameters on the right side of the colon are used as the corresponding problem solutions.

[0061] Product testing:

[0062] A field experiment was conducted at Fengshou Agricultural Machinery Service Professional Cooperative, Sanhe Town, Development Zone, Haimen City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province from October 20th to October 28th, 2020. The field experiment officially started on October 21st and ended on October 28th. During this period, it was mainly sunny, accompanied by cloudy days and showers, and the temperature was 10℃ - 20℃. The field plot was flat, and the planting area of a single plot was about 30 mu. The rice variety in the experimental field was the Nanjing 9108 series variety, and the sowing method was strip sowing, with a yield of about 1,200 catties per mu.

[0063] The combine harvester used in the experiment was the Lovol Goldentec 4LZ - 10 type rice and wheat combine harvester. This harvester integrated a dynamic monitoring and control system for the operation quality and operation parameters of the cleaning device. The experimental process was as follows: From October 21st to October 27th, artificial sampling and statistics were completed for crop moisture content, natural height, ear width difference, ear length, straw - grain ratio, 1000 - grain weight, etc. Integrated tests were carried out on the monitoring and control devices such as the fan speed, air distribution plate angle, upper sieve opening, cleaning loss rate, and cleaning impurity rate of the cleaning device. At the same time, the electrical measurement data obtained by the monitoring and control device after the combine harvester traveled 15m during multiple operations was compared and corrected with the artificial sampling data, so as to ensure that the detection accuracy of the cutter frequency, reel speed, concave clearance, cylinder speed, fan speed, air distribution plate angle, and upper sieve opening reached 99%, and the detection accuracy of the cleaning loss rate and cleaning impurity rate reached 95%. On the afternoon of October 28th, 2020, field experiments were respectively carried out on the initial setting model of the cleaning device operation parameters and the real - time regulation model of the cleaning device operation parameters. Each time the combine harvester for rice and wheat operated and traveled 15m during the field experiment, the dynamic monitoring and control system for the operation quality and operation parameters of the cleaning device was in the powered - on working state, the monitoring data acquisition frequency was 1Hz, and each time 20 effective associated data sets were obtained, including cleaning operation parameters such as fan speed, air distribution plate angle, and upper sieve opening, and the operation quality of the cleaning device such as cleaning impurity rate and cleaning loss rate.

[0064] On the afternoon of October 28th, 2020, an experiment on the initial setting system of the cleaning device operation parameters was first carried out. First, the rice and wheat attributes such as rice and wheat varieties, straw - grain ratio, and moisture content obtained from previous field experiments in Shandong, Anhui, Heilongjiang and other places, the operation parameters of the cleaning device such as fan speed, air distribution plate angle, and upper sieve opening of the cleaning device, and the cleaning device operation quality data such as cleaning impurity rate and cleaning loss rate were input into the historical data case library of the cleaning device operation parameters through the rice and wheat variety input interface and the cleaning case input interface. And through the case management interface, any saved historical data case of the cleaning operation parameters was opened, deleted, modified and saved. At the same time, a new historical data case library of the cleaning device operation parameters could be added and saved.

[0065] Application Example

[0066] The rice variety for field operations measured during the period from October 21st to October 27th is Nanjing 9108. The average values of straw-grain ratio and moisture content measured by multi-point random sampling are 1.54 and 20.5% respectively. The obtained rice and wheat varieties, moisture content, and straw-grain ratio are input into the main interface of the cleaning case retrieval for case retrieval. Finally, through the calculation of the case retrieval algorithm, the system displays the numerical results of the optimal operating parameters of the cleaning device on the main interface.

[0067] Based on similar cases in the historical data case library, the system determines that the optimal initial value of the fan speed is 950 r / min, the upper sieve opening is 16 mm, and the air distribution plate opening is 20°.

[0068] Figures 3 - 7 It is a change curve graph of cleaning loss rate, cleaning impurity content rate, upper sieve opening of cleaning, air distribution plate angle, and fan speed plotted from 20 sets of associated time series data of cleaning operations and cleaning operation parameters continuously obtained by the dynamic monitoring and control system of the cleaning device operating parameters. From Figure 3 and Figure 4 it can be seen that the cleaning loss rate fluctuates within the normal range of 0.3%, while the cleaning impurity content rate is 0.65% at the sampling time 1, exceeding the normal range.

[0069] At this time, as Figure 5As shown, after the cleaning device operation parameter regulation model calculates and outputs an instruction, the upper cleaning sieve decreases from 16 mm at sampling time 1 to 11 mm at sampling time 3, while operation parameters such as the air distribution plate angle and the fan speed remain unchanged. At sampling time 3, the cleaning impurity content is still 0.65%. The cleaning device operation parameter regulation model determines that the regulation of the upper cleaning sieve is ineffective. Therefore, the rotational speed of the upper cleaning sieve, which was 11 mm at sampling time 3, receives the instruction and returns to 16 mm before the change at sampling time 5. At the same time, the fan speed, which was 950 r / min at sampling time 3, receives the instruction and increases to 1000 r / min at sampling time 5, while the air distribution plate angle remains unchanged. At sampling time 5, the cleaning impurity content decreases to 0.48%, still exceeding the normal range. The system determines that the regulation of the fan speed is effective. Therefore, the fan speed, which was 1000 r / min at sampling time 5, receives the instruction and increases to 1050 r / min at sampling time 7; at the same time, operation parameters such as the upper cleaning sieve and the air distribution plate angle remain unchanged. At sampling time 7, the cleaning impurity content decreases to 0.35%, still exceeding the normal range. The system determines that the regulation of the fan speed is effective. Therefore, the fan speed, which was 1000 r / min at sampling time 7, receives the instruction and increases to 1100 r / min at sampling time 9; at the same time, operation parameters such as the upper cleaning sieve and the air distribution plate angle remain unchanged. At sampling time 9, the cleaning impurity content decreases to 0.28%, within the normal range. The system determines that the regulation is over, and the fan speed, the air distribution plate angle, and the upper sieve opening remain unchanged until the sampling ends.

[0070] It can be seen from the experimental results that the cleaning device operation parameter regulation model regulates the operation parameters of the cleaning device when the cleaning impurity content exceeds the normal range and realizes the recovery of the cleaning impurity content to the normal range. It is proved that through the calculation of the cleaning device operation parameter initial setting model and the regulation of the cleaning device operation parameter dynamic regulation model, it is possible to ensure that both the cleaning loss rate and the cleaning impurity content are maintained within the normal range.

[0071] Verified by a large amount of field test data, the method of the present invention has good adaptability and reliability, can effectively improve the operation quality of the rice and wheat combine harvester, and has great market potential.

[0072] The embodiments of the present invention have been described, but the embodiments are not limited to the above specific implementation manners. The above specific implementation manners are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of this embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms, all of which fall within the protection scope of this embodiment.

Claims

1. An intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Standardize and unify the data representation of key factors of field operation environment, cleaning loss rate, cleaning impurity rate and cleaning operation parameters, form historical data cases of cleaning device operation parameters and store them in the database; Receiving search conditions including rice and wheat varieties and rice and wheat attributes submitted by users, using historical data cases in the database, and retrieving historical data cases of cleaning operation parameters matching the current problem through similarity calculation; The operating parameters of the cleaning device in the matched historical data case are used as the initial parameters of the current operation, and the initial parameters are automatically set to the angle of the air distribution plate, the speed of the fan and the opening of the upper screen of the cleaning device; The cleaning loss rate, cleaning impurity rate and cleaning device operating parameters are monitored in real time. When it is monitored that the cleaning impurity rate exceeds the normal range, the operating parameters are adjusted until the cleaning impurity rate returns to the normal range. The final operating parameters and their corresponding rice and wheat varieties, rice and wheat properties and operating quality data are formed into a new cleaning device operating parameter historical data case and stored in the database for subsequent case retrieval.

2. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The historical data cases of the cleaning device operating parameters include: Problem description: including moisture content, grass-grain ratio, rice and wheat varieties, cleaning impurity rate and cleaning loss rate; Solution part: includes the angle of the air distributor, the speed of the fan and the opening of the upper screen of the cleaning machine.

3. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of similarity calculation include: First, determine whether the rice and wheat varieties in the case database correspond; If the rice and wheat varieties correspond, the similarity of grass-to-grain ratio and moisture content in the rice-wheat variety matching case is calculated; If the rice and wheat varieties do not correspond, the similarity of the grass-to-grain ratio and moisture content in the case library is calculated.

4. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The similarity calculation of the grass-to-grain ratio and the moisture content adopts the Euclidean distance calculation, and the specific calculation formula is: Sim(C′,C i )=(h′-h i ) 2 +(c′-c i ) 2 Where h′ and c′ are the moisture content and grass-to-grain ratio of the target case, respectively. i and c i are the moisture content and grass-to-grain ratio of the ith case in the case library respectively.

5. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modification of the historical data case of the cleaning device operating parameters includes: Set the number of retrieved cleaning device operating parameter historical data cases; The retrieved historical data cases of cleaning device operating parameters are modified and improved in terms of case attribute values ​​of rice and wheat varieties, rice and wheat properties, cleaning device operating parameters, cleaning impurity rates and cleaning loss rates.

6. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the control process of the operating parameters of the cleaning device: The adjustment range of the cleaning upper screen opening is from 11mm to 16mm; The fan speed can be adjusted from 950r / min to 1100r / min; The initial value of the wind distributor angle is 20°.

7. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are real-time monitoring systems for: Monitor the cleaning loss rate and cleaning impurity rate; Monitor the fan speed, wind distributor angle and upper screen opening of the cleaning device operating parameters; The data acquisition frequency is 1 Hz.

8. The intelligent control method for a rice-wheat combine harvester cleaning device based on rice and wheat properties according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The normal range of the cleaning loss rate is within 3%, and the normal range of the cleaning impurity rate is within 0.3%.

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