Display device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a display apparatus and a vehicle. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels; the driver is used for driving the display panel; a power management circuit that applies a high potential power supply voltage to the first power supply line and applies a low potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line; and a sensing circuit that senses an electrical characteristic of a sensing area of the display panel through the second power supply line to output sensing data, in which the power management circuit applies a first low-potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in a display mode and applies a second low-potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in a display mode. A second low-potential power supply voltage higher than the first low-potential power supply voltage is applied to the second power supply line in a sensing mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a display device, and more particularly, but not limited to, a display device for residual image compensation. Background Art

[0002] An electroluminescent display (ELD) device has advantages of high brightness, low driving voltage, ultra-thinness, and free form by using self-luminous elements.

[0003] To ensure long-term performance and reliability, as an example, an electroluminescent display device can compensate for a residual image by sensing a change in electrical characteristics when a light-emitting element deteriorates, for example.

[0004] The description provided in the background art section should not be regarded as prior art merely because it is mentioned in or related to the background art section. The background art section may include information describing one or more aspects of the subject technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] As an example, an electroluminescent display device can drive sub-pixels in a time-division manner to control the viewing angle, but is not limited thereto. In this case, the capacitance of the light-emitting element can be reduced by dividing / splitting the sub-pixels, which may reduce the sensing accuracy of the change in the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting element.

[0006] In an electroluminescent display device, a method for improving the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristic conversion of a light-emitting element is needed regardless of whether the sub-pixels are driven in a time-division manner.

[0007] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to providing a display device capable of improving the residual image compensation performance by improving the sensing accuracy of the change in the electrical characteristics of a light-emitting element.

[0008] The problems to be solved by the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above problems, and other problems not mentioned above will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the technical idea of the present disclosure pertains from the following description.

[0009] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power supply line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power supply line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels; a driver for driving the display panel; a power management circuit for applying a high-potential power supply voltage to the first power supply line and a low-potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line; and a sensing circuit for sensing an electrical characteristic of a sensing area of the display panel through the second power supply line to output sensing data, wherein the power management circuit applies a first low-potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in a display mode and applies a second low-potential power supply voltage higher than the first low-potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in a sensing mode.

[0010] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels including a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element, a first power supply line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power supply line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels; a sensing circuit for sensing an electrical characteristic of a sensing area of the display panel through the second power supply line to output sensing data; and a power management circuit that, in a sensing mode, applies a high-potential power supply voltage and a set current for the sensing mode to the first power supply line and applies a low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode to the second power supply line, wherein each of the plurality of sub-pixels further includes a pixel circuit that drives the first light-emitting element in a first viewing angle mode and drives the second light-emitting element in a second viewing angle mode, and wherein the power management circuit applies a positive voltage higher than the low-potential power supply voltage for a display mode as the low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode.

[0011] Specific details according to various exemplary embodiments in addition to the above challenges are included in the following description and drawings.

[0012] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are both exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed inventive concept. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The drawings included and incorporated into this application to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the figures:

[0014] Figure 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3A and Figure 3B It is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a sub-pixel and a gate driver according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4 It is an illustration of an in-vehicle display device applying a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6A and Figure 6B It is an explanatory diagram of the structures of a first light control element and a second light control element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 It is an equivalent circuit showing the sub-pixel configuration in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 It is an illustration of the driving waveform of a sub-pixel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 9 It is a diagram showing the sensing path of a first viewing angle mode of a sensing sub-pixel in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 10 It is a diagram showing the sensing path of a second viewing angle mode of a sensing sub-pixel in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 11 It is an illustration of the sensing area of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figures 12A to 12C It is a diagram showing the sensing path of each color of a first viewing angle mode of the sensing area in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figures 13A to 13C It is a diagram showing the sensing path of each color of a second viewing angle mode of the sensing area in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 14It is a waveform diagram showing an exemplary sensing sequence of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figures 15A to 15C It is an illustration of the low potential power supply voltage of each color in the sensing mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figures 16A to 16C It is a graph showing a method of determining a positive low potential power supply voltage by considering a black data margin in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 17A and Figure 17B It is a graph depicting the black data voltage margin of each viewing angle mode in a display device according to a comparative example of the related art.

[0031] Figure 18A and Figure 18B It is a graph depicting the black data voltage margin of each viewing angle mode in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 19 It is a diagram showing the effect of reducing the black grayscale current in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figures 20A to 20C It is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift amount of the light emitting element for each color in the privacy mode of a display device according to a comparative example of the related art.

[0034] Figures 21A to 21C It is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift amount of the light emitting element for each color in the sharing mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figures 22A to 22C It is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift amount of the light emitting element for each color in the privacy mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals should be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. For clarity, illustration, and convenience, the relative sizes and descriptions of these elements may be enlarged. Detailed Description

[0037] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The progress of the described processing steps and / or operations is an example; however, the order of the steps and / or operations is not limited to the order set forth herein and may be changed as known in the art, except for steps and / or operations that must occur in a specific order. The names of the various elements used in the following explanations may have been chosen merely for the convenience of writing the specification and may thus be different from the names used in actual products.

[0038] The advantages and features of the present disclosure and methods for their implementation will be elucidated by the following aspects described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the aspects set forth herein. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0039] The shapes (e.g., dimensions, lengths, widths, heights, thicknesses, positions, radii, diameters, and areas), ratios, angles, and quantities disclosed in the accompanying drawings for describing the aspects of the present disclosure are merely examples, and thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the details shown. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. In the following description, when a detailed description of a related known function or configuration is determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure, the detailed description will be omitted. When using "comprising", "having", and "including" described in this specification, another part may be added, unless "only" is used. Unless otherwise mentioned, terms in the singular form may include the plural form.

[0040] The term "exemplary" is used to mean serving as an example or illustration. An aspect is an example aspect. "Embodiment", "example", "aspect", etc. should not be construed as being superior to or better than other implementations. Unless otherwise specified, exemplary embodiments, examples, example embodiments, aspects, etc. may refer to one or more embodiments, one or more examples, one or more example embodiments, one or more aspects, etc. In addition, the term "may" encompasses all meanings of the term "can".

[0041] When interpreting an element, the element is also interpreted as including a range of errors even though not explicitly described. Any implementation described herein as an "example" is not necessarily to be construed as being superior to or better than other implementations.

[0042] When describing positional relationships, for example, when the positional relationship between two parts is described as "above", "over", "below", and "next to", one or more other parts may be provided between the two parts, unless more restrictive terms such as "right" or "directly" are used.

[0043] Terms such as "lower", "bottom", "upper", "top", etc. may be used herein to describe the relationship between the elements shown in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are spatially relative and based on the orientation depicted in the drawings.

[0044] When describing temporal relationships, for example, when a chronological order is described as "after", "subsequent", "next", and "before", discontinuous cases may be included, unless more restrictive terms such as "just", "immediately", or "directly" are used.

[0045] It will be understood that although terms such as "first", "second", "A", "B", "a", and "b" etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element may be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may be referred to as the first element.

[0046] When describing the elements of the present disclosure, terms such as "first", "second", "A", "B", "a", "b", etc. may be used. These terms are intended to identify corresponding elements from other elements, and the basis, order, sequence, or quantity of the corresponding elements should not be defined or limited by these terms. For the statement that an element or layer is "connected", "coupled", or "bonded" to another element or layer, unless otherwise stated, the element or layer may not only be directly connected or bonded to another element or layer, but also indirectly connected or bonded to another element or layer, with one or more intermediate elements or layers "disposed" between the element or layer.

[0047] The term "at least one / one" should be understood to include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements. For example, the meaning of "at least one / one or more / more of the first element, the second element, and the third element" represents all combinations of two / two or more / more of the first element, the second element, and the third element, as well as the first element, the second element, or the third element.

[0048] As can be fully understood by those skilled in the art, the features of the various aspects of the present disclosure may be partially or wholly coupled or combined with each other, and may interoperate with each other in various ways and be technically driven. The aspects of the present disclosure may be executed independently of each other, or may be executed together in a mutually dependent relationship.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the exemplary embodiments belong. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. For example, the term "portion" or "unit" may be applied to, for example, a separate circuit or structure, an integrated circuit, a computing block of a circuit device, or any structure configured to perform the described functions that one of ordinary skill in the art should understand.

[0050] Hereinafter, aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Since, for ease of description, the scale of each element shown in the drawings is different from the actual scale, the present disclosure is not limited to the shown scale. In addition, all components of each display device, display apparatus, and display panel according to all aspects of the present disclosure are operably coupled and configured.

[0051] Figure 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 3A and Figure 3B is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a sub-pixel and a gate driver according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 4 is an illustration of an automotive display device to which a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.

[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment, the display device 1000 may be an electroluminescent display, including an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device, a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED) display device, an inorganic light emitting diode (ILED) display device, or a micro light emitting diode (micro LED) display device, but is not limited thereto.

[0053] Referring to Figure 1 , the display device 1000 may include a display panel 100 and a display driver 900. The display driver 900 may be connected to a host system 2000.

[0054] The display driver 900 may include a gate driver 200, a data driver 300, a timing controller 400, a memory 500, a sensing circuit 600, and a power management circuit 700. The gate driver 200, the data driver 300, and the timing controller 400 may be represented as a driver. The embodiments are not limited thereto. As an example, at least one of the above components may be omitted, or one or more additional components may also be included.

[0055] The display panel 100 can be a rigid display panel or a deformable flexible display panel, such as a foldable, bendable, rollable or stretchable display panel.

[0056] The display panel 100 may include a display area DA for displaying an image and a border area BZ: BZ1 to BZ4 surrounding the display area DA and provided at the periphery of the display area DA. At least one of the border areas BZ1 to BZ4 may be omitted from the front side of the display panel 100 or at least partially invisible. As an example, at least one of the border areas BZ1 to BZ4 may be omitted from the front side of the display panel 100 or at least partially invisible by bending toward the rear side of the display panel 100, but is not limited thereto.

[0057] According to an exemplary embodiment, the display panel 100 may further include a touch sensor array provided in the display area DA to sense a user's touch. Depending on the design, the touch sensor array may be omitted.

[0058] The display panel 100 may display an image using a display area DA in which a plurality of sub-pixels SP are arranged in a matrix form. The pixel matrix of the display area DA may include a plurality of pixel row lines each including a plurality of sub-pixels SP arranged along a first direction X and a plurality of pixel column lines each including a plurality of sub-pixels SP arranged along a second direction Y. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the pixel matrix of the display area DA may include a plurality of pixel lines including a plurality of sub-pixels SP arranged in a direction other than the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0059] As an example, the sub-pixel SP may be any one of a red sub-pixel that emits red light, a green sub-pixel that emits green light, and a blue sub-pixel that emits blue light, but is not limited thereto. As an example, the sub-pixel SP may also be a white sub-pixel that emits white light. A unit pixel may include at least two (e.g., two, three, four or more) sub-pixels SP. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, sub-pixels SP of other colors such as magenta, cyan or yellow may be alternatively or additionally included, but is not limited thereto.

[0060] As an example, a display panel 100 according to an exemplary embodiment may be able to control the viewing angle according to a viewing angle mode. As an example, a display area DA of the display panel 100 may display an image in a first viewing angle mode having a relatively wide viewing angle with respect to a first direction X, or may display an image in a second viewing angle mode having a narrower viewing angle with respect to the first direction X than the first viewing angle mode. The first viewing angle mode may be expressed as a wide viewing angle mode or a shared mode. The second viewing angle mode may be expressed as a narrow viewing angle mode or a privacy mode. The display area DA of the display panel 100 may operate in a switchable privacy mode SPM capable of switching between a shared mode and a privacy mode.

[0061] Reference Figure 2 , a display panel 100 according to an exemplary embodiment may include a pixel array 140 and a packaging layer 150. The pixel array 140 includes a circuit element layer 120. The circuit element layer 120 includes a plurality of transistors and a plurality of signal lines disposed on a substrate 110, etc. The pixel array 140 further includes a light emitting element layer 130. The light emitting element layer 130 includes a plurality of light emitting elements EL1, EL2 disposed on the circuit element layer 120. The packaging layer 150 is provided to seal the light emitting element layer 130 of the pixel array 140. The display panel 100 may include: a touch sensor array 160 including a plurality of touch electrodes disposed on the packaging layer 150; and a light control array 170 including a plurality of light control elements L1, L2 disposed on the touch sensor array 160. The display panel 100 may further include a cover substrate 190 bonded above the light control array 170 by an optically transparent adhesive OCA180. According to an exemplary embodiment, the display panel 100 may further include a color filter array including color filters and black matrices disposed between the touch sensor array 160 and the light control array 170. The embodiments are not limited thereto. As an example, depending on the design, at least one of the above components (e.g., the touch sensor array 160, the optically transparent adhesive OCA180, the color filter array, the black matrix, etc.) may be omitted. As an example, when the touch sensor array 160 is omitted, the light control array 170 may be disposed on the packaging layer 150, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3A , a sub-pixel SP capable of controlling the viewing angle according to an exemplary embodiment includes a first light emitting element EL1, a second light emitting element EL2, and a pixel circuit 10. As an example, the pixel circuit drives the first light emitting element EL1 and the second light emitting element EL2 in a time division manner according to the viewing angle mode, but is not limited thereto. As an example, a first light control element L1 ( Figure 2) can overlap with the first light-emitting element EL1, and the second light control element L2 ( Figure 2 ) can overlap with the second light-emitting element EL2, but is not limited thereto.

[0063] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixel SP can drive the first light-emitting element EL1 in a first viewing angle mode and emit light having a first viewing angle through the first light control element L1. The sub-pixel SP can drive the second light-emitting element EL2 in a second viewing angle mode and emit light having a second viewing angle narrower than the first viewing angle through the second light control element L2. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, according to an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixel SP can drive both the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2 in the first viewing angle mode, but is not limited thereto.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3A As shown in FIGS. and, according to an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixel SP can be supplied with a data voltage Vdata from the data driver 300 through at least one data line 22. The sub-pixel SP can be supplied with a scan signal SCAN from the gate driver 200 through at least one gate line 12, and can be supplied with a light emission control signal EM through at least one gate line 16. The sub-pixel SP can be supplied with a first mode signal SH through at least one gate line 42, and can be supplied with a second mode signal PR from the gate driver 200 through at least one gate line 44. The sub-pixel SP according to the exemplary embodiment can be supplied with a high-potential power supply voltage ELVDD through the first power supply line 32, can be supplied with a low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS through the common electrode (cathode electrode) CE and the second power supply line 34, and can be supplied with a reference voltage Vref from the power management circuit 700 through the reference line 24.

[0065] As an example, the gate driver 200 may be disposed in the border area BZ of the display panel 100, or may be distributed in the display area DA. The gate driver 200 according to an exemplary embodiment may be embedded in the gate-in-panel (GIP) type, which is composed of, for example, transistors formed in the same process as the transistors in the display area DA, but is not limited thereto. The gate driver 200 according to an exemplary embodiment may be disposed in either the first border area BZ1 and the second border area BZ2 that face each other and the display area DA is interposed therebetween, or may be disposed on both the first border area BZ1 and the second border area BZ2. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the gate driver 200 may be separately disposed in a separate panel and connected to the display panel 100, for example, by a tape automated bonding (TAB) method, a chip-on-glass (COG) method, a chip-on-panel (COP) method, or a chip-on-film (COF) method, but is not limited thereto.

[0066] The gate driver 200 may include at least one scan driver 210 that drives at least one gate line 12 and at least one light emission control driver 220 that drives at least one gate line 16. The number of gate lines connected to the sub-pixel SP, the number of scan drivers 210, and the number of light emission control drivers 220 may vary according to the detailed configuration of the pixel circuit included in the sub-pixel SP.

[0067] The gate driver 200 may be supplied with a plurality of gate control signals from the timing controller 400 for operation. In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of gate control signals from the timing controller 400 may be applied to the gate driver 200, for example, through a level shifter.

[0068] The scan driver 210 may supply at least one scan signal SCAN to at least one gate line 12 provided on each of a plurality of pixel row lines using a plurality of first gate control signals.

[0069] The light emission control driver 220 may supply at least one light emission control signal EM to at least one gate line 16 provided on each of a plurality of pixel row lines using a plurality of second gate control signals.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the gate driver 200 may further include a mode control unit 230 that supplies mode signals SH, PR to the gate lines 42, 44.

[0071] The mode control unit 230 may supply a first mode signal SH to each of the plurality of pixel row lines through one of the gate lines 42 and supply a second mode signal PR to each of the plurality of pixel row lines through one of the gate lines 44 by using a mode selection signal supplied from the timing controller 400. The mode control unit 230 may selectively drive the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2 of each sub-pixel SP by using the first mode signal SH and the second mode signal PR.

[0072] In one exemplary embodiment, the first mode signal SH and the second mode signal PR may be supplied from the light-emission control driver 220. In this case, the mode control unit 230 may be omitted, but is not limited thereto. Although the scan driver 210 and the light-emission control driver 220 are shown to be located on the left side of the pixel circuit 10 and the mode control unit 230 is shown to be located on the right side of the pixel circuit 10, the embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, each of the scan driver 210, the light-emission control driver 220, and the mode control unit 230 may be located on any side of the pixel circuit 10. As an example, the scan driver 210, the light-emission control driver 220, and the mode control unit 230 may be located on different sides or the same side of the pixel circuit 10.

[0073] The plurality of transistors provided in the display area DA of the display panel 100 and the border area BZ including the gate driver 200 may include at least one of LTPS transistors using low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) semiconductors, oxide transistors using metal oxide semiconductors, and transistors using other semiconductors such as compound semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and single-crystal semiconductors. As an example, the display panel 100 according to one exemplary embodiment may be configured to coexist with LTPS transistors and oxide transistors to reduce power consumption, but is not limited thereto.

[0074] The data driver 300 may be supplied with a data control signal from the timing controller 400 to convert digital data into an analog data signal and thereby supply a data voltage Vdata to the data lines 22 of the display panel 100. As an example, the data driver 300 may include a gamma voltage generation unit and may convert digital data into an analog data voltage by using a gamma voltage supplied from the gamma voltage generation unit, but is not limited thereto.

[0075] The data driver 300 may include at least one data driving IC (integrated circuit) that drives a plurality of data lines 22 disposed on the display panel 100. As an example, each data driving IC may be mounted on a corresponding circuit film and connected to the display panel 100, but is not limited thereto. The circuit film on which the data driving IC is mounted may be electrically connected to the display panel 100 via an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) bonded to a pad area provided in a border area BZ3 of the display panel 100, but is not limited thereto. The circuit film may be any one of a chip on film (COF), a flexible printed circuit (FPC), and a flexible flat cable (FFC), but is not limited thereto.

[0076] The timing controller 400 may be supplied with a timing control signal and image data from the host system 2000.

[0077] The host system 2000 may be any one of a computer, a television system, a set-top box, a system on a mobile terminal such as a tablet or a mobile phone, or an automotive system, but is not limited thereto.

[0078] The timing controller 400 may use the timing control signal supplied from the host system 2000 and the internally stored timing setting information to control the operations of the gate driver 200 and the data driver 300. The timing controller 400 may generate a gate control signal to control the operation of the gate driver 200, and may generate a data control signal to control the operation of the data driver 300.

[0079] The timing controller 400 may perform various image processing including image quality correction, afterimage compensation, and brightness correction using the image data supplied from the host system 2000 to reduce power consumption, etc., and may output the image data corrected through the image processing to the data driver 300, but is not limited thereto.

[0080] According to an exemplary embodiment, the timing controller 400 may be supplied with the result (sensing data) of sensing the electrical characteristics of the display panel 100 from the sensing circuit 600 in a sensing mode, and may predict (calculate) the change in the electrical characteristics due to the deterioration of the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2 based on the sensing data. When the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2 (e.g., due to long-term driving, but not limited thereto) deteriorate, the current density may decrease, which may increase the impedance and the threshold voltage. The timing controller 400 may measure (predict) the impedance change corresponding to the deterioration amount of the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2 by calculating the threshold voltage shift (shift value) of the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2 based on the sensing result of the display panel 100 supplied from the sensing circuit 600, but is not limited thereto.

[0081] As an example, a timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may accumulate image data, determine a sensing region by predicting a degradation region having a relatively large amount of degradation in the display panel 100 based on the accumulated data, and may sense electrical characteristics of the determined sensing region through a sensing circuit 600 to calculate changes in the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2, but is not limited thereto.

[0082] According to an exemplary embodiment, the timing controller 400 may calculate sensing data for each sub-pixel, for example, by scaling the sensing data of a sensing region including a plurality of sub-pixels for each sub-pixel, but is not limited thereto.

[0083] The timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may calculate a change amount of the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements EL1, EL2 in the first sensing region, such as a threshold voltage shift, based on a difference between the sensing data in the first sensing region (for example, the maximum degradation region, but not limited thereto) and the sensing data in a second sensing region different from the first sensing region (for example, the minimum degradation region, but not limited thereto).

[0084] The timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may sense a change in the electrical characteristics of the first light-emitting element EL1 through a sensing operation in a first viewing angle mode in a sensing mode, and may sense a change in the electrical characteristics of the second light-emitting element EL2 through a sensing operation in a second viewing angle mode in the sensing mode.

[0085] The timing controller 400 may calculate a first compensation gain (brightness gain) and a second compensation gain (brightness gain) and store them in the memory 500 to compensate for the degradation of the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2 based on the change amount of the electrical characteristics of each of the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2.

[0086] The timing controller 400 may compensate for and output image data by selectively using the first compensation gain and the second compensation gain stored in the memory 500 for each viewing angle mode to separately compensate for afterimages caused by the degradation of the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2 for each viewing angle mode.

[0087] The sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing region of the display panel 100 in a sensing mode under the control of the timing controller 400 as a voltage output through the second power line 34, and may convert the sensed voltage into sensing data and send it to the timing controller 400.

[0088] As an example, according to an exemplary embodiment, the sensing circuit 600 may sense the sensing region multiple times, determine the median (average value) of the generated multiple sensing data as the final sensing data, and send it to the timing controller 400. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the sensing circuit 600 may determine the maximum value, the minimum value, or any value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the generated multiple sensing data as the final sensing data. As an example, the sensing circuit 600 may sense the sensing region only once. As an example, the sensing circuit 600 may sense more than one sensing region, but is not limited thereto.

[0089] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing region of the display panel 100 in a sensing mode for each viewing mode and / or for each color as the voltage output through the second power supply line 34.

[0090] As an example, according to an exemplary embodiment, the display device 1000 may apply a maximum (white) gray-scale data voltage to the sensing sub-pixels to cause any one of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 to emit light, and may apply a minimum (black) gray-scale data voltage to the non-sensing sub-pixels to cause the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 not to emit light, but is not limited thereto.

[0091] Since the sensing circuit 600 according to an exemplary embodiment senses the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixels by using the common cathode electrode CE and the second power supply line 34 shared by the sensing sub-pixels and the non-sensing sub-pixels in the display panel 100, the sensing accuracy of the sensing sub-pixels may be affected by the black gray-scale current flowing through the non-sensing sub-pixels, thereby degrading the sensing accuracy of the sensing sub-pixels. In an exemplary embodiment, when the capacitance of each of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 decreases due to the division / splitting of the sub-pixels SP, the black gray-scale current may increase due to the charging of the leakage current, thereby degrading the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixels.

[0092] To solve this problem, the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive voltage as the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the display panel 100 in the sensing mode so as to reduce the black gray-scale current of the non-sensing sub-pixels even if the capacitance of each of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 decreases due to the division / splitting of the sub-pixels SP.

[0093] Therefore, the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may improve the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixels by reducing or minimizing the influence of the black gray-scale current of the non-sensing sub-pixels when sensing the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixels through the second power supply line 34 in the sensing circuit 600, thereby improving the afterimage compensation performance.

[0094] The sensing mode of the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may be performed under the guidance of the host system 2000, may be performed by a user request via the host system 2000, may be performed according to a sequence determined by the timing controller 400, or may be performed periodically or randomly.

[0095] The power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 700 may generate and supply a plurality of power supply voltages required for the operation of the display driver 900 by using an input voltage. The power management circuit 700 may generate and supply a high potential power supply voltage ELVDD, a low potential power supply voltage ELVSS, a reference voltage Vref, etc. to the display panel 100, but is not limited thereto.

[0096] The power management circuit 700 according to an exemplary embodiment may be supplied with, for example, a set value of the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS that varies for each mode and / or for each color from the timing controller 400, but is not limited thereto. The power management circuit 700 according to an exemplary embodiment may be supplied with set values of different high potential power supply voltages ELVDD for each of the display mode and the sensing mode.

[0097] According to an exemplary embodiment, in the sensing mode, the power management circuit 700 may generate and apply to the display panel 100 a high potential power supply voltage ELVDD and / or a low potential power supply voltage ELVSS that are set differently from those in the display mode.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, the second low potential power supply voltage ELVSS of the sensing mode may be set to a voltage (e.g., a positive voltage) higher than the first low potential power supply voltage ELVSS of the display mode.

[0099] According to an exemplary embodiment, the power management circuit 700 may generate and apply to the display panel 100 a low potential power supply voltage ELVSS that is set differently for each mode and / or each color during each sensing period of the viewing angle mode during the sensing mode under the control of the timing controller 400.

[0100] Thus, the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment applies a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the display panel 100 in the sensing mode, thereby reducing or minimizing the zero term of the black grayscale current of non-sensing sub-pixels, thereby improving the afterimage compensation performance.

[0101] In the display device according to an exemplary embodiment, the sensing method using a positive voltage as the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS in the sensing mode may also be applied to a display device in which the light emitting element EL of each sub-pixel SP is not divided, as Figure 3B shown. Refer to Figure 3B, a sub-pixel SP of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may include a pixel circuit 10 and a light-emitting element EL, and may be connected to a scan driver 210 and a light-emitting control driver 220.

[0102] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the display panel 100 in a sensing mode regardless of the time-division driving of the sub-pixel SP to reduce or minimize the black grayscale current in the non-sensing sub-pixels, thereby improving the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixels using the second power line 34 and improving the afterimage compensation performance.

[0103] Figure 4 is a diagram of an automotive display device to which a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.

[0104] Reference Figure 4 , a plurality of display devices provided on the instrument panel of a vehicle may include a cluster, a center information display CID, and a co-pilot display CDD. In the cluster and the center information display CID mainly used by the driver DR, a conventional display device may be applied. In the co-pilot display CDD used by the driver DR and the passenger PA, as in the above exemplary embodiment, a display device 1000 capable of controlling the viewing angle in the first viewing angle mode and the second viewing angle mode may be applied. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the display device 1000 capable of controlling the viewing angle in the first viewing angle mode and the second viewing angle mode may also be applied to at least one of the cluster and the center information display CID.

[0105] The co-pilot display device CDD, 1000 may operate in the first viewing angle mode under the control of the host system 2000 (for example, when the driver DR is not driving, or even when the driver DR is driving), and may provide an image with a wide viewing field in the first direction X to the driver DR and the passenger PA.

[0106] The co-pilot display device CDD may operate in the second viewing angle mode under the control of the host system 2000 (for example, when the driver DR is driving or even when the driver DR is not driving), and may limit the viewing angle in the first direction X to provide only a video with a narrow viewing field to the passenger PA, and may not provide a video to the driver DR, for example, so as not to interfere with driving.

[0107] A display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may be applied to various display devices, such as a co-pilot display device CDD and mobile displays, IT displays, and TV displays where viewing angle control is optionally required.

[0108] Figure 5is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 6A and Figure 6B are explanatory diagrams of the structures of a first light control element and a second light control element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] Referring to Figure 5 , in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment, each pixel PX may include a first sub-pixel SP1, a second sub-pixel SP2, and a third sub-pixel SP3. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, each pixel PX may include two sub-pixels or more than three sub-pixels.

[0110] The first sub-pixel SP1 may include a first light-emitting element EL11, a first light control element L11 disposed to overlap the first light-emitting element EL11, a second light-emitting element EL12, and a second light control element L12 disposed to overlap the second light-emitting element EL12. The first sub-pixel SP1 may be a red sub-pixel having the first light-emitting element EL11 and the second light-emitting element EL12 that emit red light.

[0111] The second sub-pixel SP2 may include a first light-emitting element EL21, a first light control element L21 disposed to overlap the first light-emitting element EL21, a second light-emitting element EL22, and a second light control element L22 disposed to overlap the second light-emitting element EL22. The second light-emitting element EL22 may include one light-emitting region or a plurality of (e.g., two, but not limited thereto) light-emitting regions separated by, for example, a bank layer, and a plurality of second light control elements L22 may be respectively disposed on the plurality of light-emitting regions of the second light-emitting element EL22. The second sub-pixel SP2 may be a green sub-pixel having the first light-emitting element EL21 and the second light-emitting element EL22 that emit green light.

[0112] The third sub-pixel SP3 may include a first light-emitting element EL31, a first light control element L31 disposed to overlap the first light-emitting element EL31, a second light-emitting element EL32, and a second light control element L32 disposed to overlap the second light-emitting element EL32. The second light-emitting element EL32 may include one light-emitting region or a plurality of (e.g., two, but not limited thereto) light-emitting regions separated by, for example, a bank layer, and a plurality of second light control elements L32 may be respectively disposed on the plurality of light-emitting regions of the second light-emitting element EL32. The third sub-pixel SP3 may be a blue sub-pixel having the first light-emitting element EL31 and the second light-emitting element EL32 that emit blue light.

[0113] The sizes of the first light-emitting elements EL11, EL21, and EL31 may be larger than those of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32. The sizes of the lower surfaces of the first light control elements L11, L21, and L31 may be set to be larger than the sizes of the first light-emitting elements EL11, EL21, and EL31 (the sizes of the light-emitting regions) to improve the light emission efficiency. The sizes of the lower surfaces of the second light control elements L12, L22, and L32 are set to be larger than the sizes of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32 (the sizes of the light-emitting regions) to improve the light emission efficiency.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, the sizes of the first light-emitting elements EL11, EL21, and EL31 may vary for each color to compensate for the variation in the light emission efficiency of each color of the first light-emitting elements EL11, EL21, and EL31. In an exemplary embodiment, the sizes of the first light-emitting element EL11 and the first light control element L11 of the first sub-pixel SP1 may be the smallest, while the sizes of the first light-emitting element EL21 and the first light control element L21 of the second sub-pixel SP2 may be equal to or smaller than the sizes of the first light-emitting element EL31 and the first light control element L31 of the third sub-pixel SP3. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the sizes of the first light-emitting elements EL11, EL21, and EL31 may be the same for each color.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment, the sizes of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32 may vary for each color, or the number of light-emitting regions of the same size may vary for each color to compensate for the variation in the light emission efficiency of each color of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32. In an exemplary embodiment, the sizes (number) of the second light-emitting element EL12 and the second light control element L12 of the first sub-pixel SP1 may be the smallest, while the sizes (number) of the second light-emitting element EL22 and the second light control element L22 of the second sub-pixel SP2 may be equal to or smaller than the sizes (number) of the second light-emitting element EL32 and the second light control element L33 of the third sub-pixel SP3. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the sizes of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32 may be the same for each color, or the number of light-emitting regions of the same size may be the same for each color.

[0116] Referring to Figure 6A , the first light control elements L1: L11, L21, and L31 may have a semi-cylindrical lens structure extending in the first direction X, and are not limited to this lens structure. Referring to Figure 6B, the second light control elements L2: L12, L22, L32 may have a hemispherical lens structure and are not limited to this lens structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the first light control elements L11, L21, L31, L1 and the second light control elements L12, L22, L32, L2 may differently control (limit) the viewing angle in the first direction X and identically control (limit) the viewing angle in the second direction Y. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, according to the design, the first light control elements L1: L11, L21, L31 may be omitted. As an example, the second light control elements L2: L12, L22, L32 may have a semi-cylindrical lens structure extending in the first direction Y. As an example, the viewing angle in the second direction Y may not be limited. As an example, the first light control elements L11, L21, L31, L1 may not control (limit) the viewing angle in the first direction X. As an example, the first light control elements L11, L21, L31, L1 and the second light control elements L12, L22, L32, L2 may control (limit) the viewing angle in the second direction Y. As an example, the first light control elements L11, L21, L31, L1 and the second light control elements L12, L22, L32, L2 may differently control (limit) the viewing angle in the second direction Y, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0117] In Figure 6A and Figure 6B , the first direction X may represent the left-right direction (horizontal direction) of the display panel 100, the second direction Y may represent the up-down direction (vertical direction) of the display panel 100, and the third direction Z may represent the front-back direction (thickness direction) of the display panel 100. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the first direction X may represent the up-down direction (vertical direction) of the display panel 100, and the second direction Y may represent the left-right direction (horizontal direction) of the display panel 100, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0118] In the first viewing angle mode, the first sub-pixel SP1, the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third sub-pixel SP3 may drive the first light emitting elements EL11, EL21, EL31 and provide light with a wide viewing field by restricting the traveling path of the light emitted from each of the first light emitting elements EL11, EL21, EL31 within a certain angle in the first direction X without passing through the first light control elements L11, L21, L31.

[0119] In the second viewing angle mode, the first sub-pixel SP1, the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third sub-pixel SP3 can drive the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32, and provide light with a narrow viewing angle by restricting the traveling path of the light emitted from each of the second light-emitting elements EL12, EL22, and EL32 within a certain angle in the first direction X via the second light control elements L12, L22, and L32.

[0120] The first light control elements L1: L11, L21, L31 and the second light control elements L2: L12, L22, L32 can be controlled in a narrow viewing field by restricting the light traveling path within a certain angle in the second direction Y. Thus, in one exemplary embodiment, when the display device 1000 is applied to a vehicle as shown in Figure 4 the image displayed on the display device 1000 can be reduced or prevented from being reflected by the front glass of the vehicle and disturbing the driver's vision.

[0121] Figure 7 is an equivalent circuit showing the sub-pixel configuration in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment, and Figure 8 is a diagram of the driving waveform of a sub-pixel according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0122] Referring to Figure 7 , the sub-pixel SP may include a first light-emitting element EL1 and a second light-emitting element EL2, and a pixel circuit 10 that drives the first light-emitting element EL1 and the second light-emitting element EL2 in a time-division manner. In one exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuit 10 may include a driving transistor DT, a plurality of switching transistors T1 to T8, and a storage capacitor Cst, and is not limited to this configuration. As an example, more or fewer switching transistors and / or more or fewer storage capacitors may be included.

[0123] The pixel circuit 10 may be supplied with a first scan signal SCAN1 from the first scan driver 210 via the first gate line 12, and supplied with a second scan signal SCAN2 from the second scan driver 212 via the second gate line 14.

[0124] A light emission control signal EM from the first light emission control driver 220 may be supplied to the pixel circuit 10 via the third gate line 16.

[0125] In one exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuit 10 may be supplied with a first mode signal SH from the mode control unit 230 via the fourth gate line 42, and may be supplied with a second mode signal PR from the mode control unit 230 via the fifth gate line 44.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, the first mode signal SH can be supplied from the first light emission control driver 220 or the second light emission control driver to the pixel circuit 10 through the fourth gate line 42, and the second mode signal PR can be supplied from the first light emission control driver 220 or the second light emission control driver to the pixel circuit 10 through the fifth gate line 44.

[0127] The pixel circuit 10 can be supplied with a data voltage Vdata through the data line 22 from the data driver 300( Figure 1 ). The pixel circuit 10 can be supplied with a high-potential power supply voltage ELVDD from the power management circuit 700( Figure 1 ) through the first power supply line 32, a low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS through the second power supply line 34 and the common electrode CE, and a reference voltage Vref through the reference line 24.

[0128] Reference Figure 8 , the sub-pixel SP can be driven to include an initial period t1, a sampling and writing period t2, and a light emission period t3 for each frame period (N, N + 1). For ease of description, in Figure 8 , the N frame period represents any frame period of the first viewing angle mode, and the N + 1 frame period represents any frame period of the second viewing angle mode, but is not limited thereto.

[0129] Each of the driving transistor DT and the plurality of switching transistors T1 - T8 of the pixel circuit 10 includes a gate, a source, and a drain. Since the source and the drain are not fixed and can be changed according to the direction of the current and voltage applied to the gate, one of the source and the drain can be represented as the first electrode, and the other can be represented as the second electrode. The driving transistor DT and the plurality of switching transistors T1 to T8 of the pixel circuit 10 can employ at least one of polycrystalline semiconductor, amorphous semiconductor, oxide semiconductor, and other semiconductors, and can be P-type or N-type, or can be a mixture of P-type and N-type.

[0130] The first light emitting element EL1 and the second light emitting element EL2 can be provided with anode electrodes AE1, AE2 respectively connected to the eighth switching transistor T8 and the sixth switching transistor T6, a cathode electrode CE supplied with the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS from the second power supply line 34, and a light emitting layer between the anode electrodes AE1, AE2 and the cathode electrode CE. When a driving current from the driving transistor DT is supplied to the first light emitting element EL1 and the second light emitting element EL2 through the eighth switching transistor T8 and the sixth switching transistor T6 respectively, electrons from the cathode electrode CE are injected into the light emitting layer, and holes from the anode electrodes AE1, AE2 are injected into the light emitting layer, and the recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer causes the fluorescent or phosphorescent material to emit light with a brightness proportional to, for example, the current value of the driving current.

[0131] The gate of the driving transistor DT can be connected to the storage capacitor Cst, the first electrode can be connected to the first power supply line 32 that supplies the high potential power supply voltage ELVDD, and the second electrode can be connected to the first electrode of the fourth switching transistor T4. The driving transistor DT can be commonly connected to the first electrodes of the sixth switching transistor T6 and the eighth switching transistor T8 through the fourth switching transistor T4. The driving transistor DT can drive the first light-emitting element EL1 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8, or can drive the second light-emitting element EL2 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6. By controlling the driving current according to the driving voltage charged in the storage capacitor Cst, the driving transistor DT can control the light emission intensity of the first light-emitting element EL1 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8, or control the light emission intensity of the second light-emitting element EL2 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6.

[0132] The storage capacitor Cst can be connected between the second electrode of the first switching transistor T1 and the gate of the driving transistor DT to charge the driving voltage corresponding to the data voltage Vdata. The storage capacitor Cst can hold the charged driving voltage during the light emission period t3 when the first switching transistor T1 is turned off and supply it to the driving transistor DT.

[0133] The first switching transistor T1 can be turned on or off in response to the first scan signal SCAN1 on the first gate line 12 provided on the i-th (i is a natural number) pixel row line. The first switching transistor T1 can supply the data voltage Vdata supplied through the data line 22 to the first electrode of the storage capacitor Cst during the sampling and writing period t2 when the first scan signal SCAN1 has the gate conduction voltage VON. The switching transistor T1 can be turned off during the light emission period t3 and the initial period t1 when the first scan signal SCAN1 has the gate cut-off voltage VOFF.

[0134] The second switching transistor T2, the fifth switching transistor T5, and the seventh switching transistor T7 can be turned on or off in response to the second scan signal SCAN2 supplied to the second gate line 14 of the i-th pixel row line. The second switching transistor T2, the fifth switching transistor T5, and the seventh switching transistor T7 can be turned on during the initial period t1 and the sampling and writing period t2 when the second scan signal SCAN2 has the gate conduction voltage VON, and can be turned off during the light emission period t3 when the second scan signal SCAN2 has the gate cut-off voltage VOFF.

[0135] The second switching transistor T2 can connect the driving transistor DT as a diode structure by connecting the gate and the second electrode of the driving transistor DT in response to the second scan signal SCAN2 during the initial period t1 and the sampling and writing period t2. The second switching transistor T2 can compensate by charging the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor DT to the storage capacitor Cst. Accordingly, the storage capacitor Cst can charge the data voltage for compensating the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor DT.

[0136] The fifth switching transistor T5 can supply the reference voltage Vref supplied through the reference line 24 to the anode electrode AE2 of the second light-emitting element EL2 during the initial period t1 and the sampling and writing period t2 in response to the second scan signal SCAN2.

[0137] The seventh switching transistor T7 can supply the reference voltage Vref supplied through the reference line 24 to the anode electrode AE1 of the first light-emitting element EL1 during the initial period t1 and the sampling and writing period t2 in response to the second scan signal SCAN2.

[0138] The third switching transistor T3 and the fourth switching transistor T4 can be turned on or off in response to the light emission control signal EM supplied to the third gate line 16 of the i-th pixel row line. The third switching transistor T3 and the fourth switching transistor T4 can be turned on during the light emission period t3 and the initial period t1 when the light emission control signal EM has the gate-on voltage VON, and can be turned off during the sampling and writing period t2 when the light emission control signal EM has the gate-off voltage VOFF and during the period between the sampling and writing period t2 and the light emission period t3.

[0139] The third switching transistor T3 can supply the reference voltage Vref supplied through the reference line 24 to the first electrode of the storage capacitor Cst during the initial period t1 and the light emission period t3 in response to the light emission control signal EM.

[0140] The fourth switching transistor T4 can connect the driving transistor DT to the sixth switching transistor T6 and the eighth switching transistor T8 during the initial period t1 and the light emission period t3 in response to the light emission control signal EM.

[0141] The eighth switching transistor T8 can be turned on or off in response to the first mode signal SH supplied to the fourth gate line 42 of the i-th pixel row line. The eighth switching transistor T8 can be turned on during the driving period (N frames) of the first viewing angle mode when the first mode signal SH has the gate-on voltage VON, and can be turned off during the driving period (N + 1 frames) of the second viewing angle mode when the first mode signal SH has the gate-off voltage VOFF.

[0142] The eighth switching transistor T8 can connect the fourth switching transistor T4 to the first light-emitting element EL1 in response to the first mode signal SH during the driving period (N frames) of the first viewing angle mode.

[0143] During the light-emitting period t3 of the driving period (N frames) of the first viewing angle mode, the driving transistor DT can drive the first light-emitting element EL1 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8. Therefore, the sub-pixel SP can provide light of the first viewing angle through the first light-emitting element EL1 and the first light control element L1 ( Figure 6A )

[0144] The sixth switching transistor T6 can be turned on or off in response to the second mode signal PR supplied to the fifth gate line 44 provided on the i-th pixel row line. The sixth switching transistor T6 can be turned on during the driving period (N + 1 frames) of the second viewing angle mode in which the second mode signal PR has the gate-on voltage VON, and can be turned off during the driving period (N frames) of the first viewing angle mode in which the second mode signal PR has the gate-off voltage VOFF.

[0145] The sixth switching transistor T6 can connect the fourth switching transistor T4 to the second light-emitting element EL2 in response to the second mode signal PR during the driving period (N + 1 frames) of the second viewing angle mode.

[0146] During the light-emitting period t3 of the driving period (N + 1 frames) of the second viewing angle mode, the driving transistor DT can drive the second light-emitting element EL2 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6. Therefore, the sub-pixel SP can provide light of the second viewing angle through the second light-emitting element EL2 and the second light control element L2 ( Figure 6B )

[0147] Figure 9 FIG. Figure 10 FIG.

[0148] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 During the sensing mode, the power management circuit 700 may generate and apply a high-potential power supply voltage ELVDD, a low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS, and a reference voltage Vref for the sensing mode to the display panel 100, and may supply a set current Iforce through the first power supply line 32. The power management circuit 700 according to an exemplary embodiment may generate a second low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS for the sensing mode as a positive voltage higher than the first low-potential power supply voltage for the display mode, and apply it to the second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100.

[0149] The second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100 may be connected to the sensing circuit 600 through a circuit film COF via a second power supply line 36. The second power supply line 36 may be connected to the power management circuit 700 to supply the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the display panel 100.

[0150] The sensing circuit 600 according to an exemplary embodiment may sense a voltage Vsensing reflecting the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixel SP by detecting the voltage at the end of the second power supply line 36 using the set current Iforce flowing through the sensing sub-pixel SP of the display panel 100, and may convert the sensed voltage Vsensing into sensed data SD and transmit it to the timing controller 400.

[0151] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensing circuit 600 may include a voltage sensing circuit 610, a low-pass filter LPF 620, and an analog-to-digital converter ADC 630.

[0152] The voltage sensing circuit 610 may use the set current Iforce to detect the voltage between the second power supply line 36 and the ground GND of the display panel 100, and output it as the sensed voltage Vsensing. In an exemplary embodiment, the voltage sensing circuit 610 may include a current regulator, a level boosting / dropping circuit, a switching element, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0153] The low-pass filter 620 may include a resistor R and a capacitor C to block high-frequency noise.

[0154] The ADC 630 may digitally convert the sensed voltage Vsening into sensed data SD and output it to the timing controller 400. The embodiment is not limited thereto. As an example, the sensing circuit 600 may directly output the sensed voltage Vsening to the timing controller 400. In this case, the ADC 630 may be omitted, but is not limited thereto.

[0155] ReferenceFigure 9 The sub-pixels SP sensed by the display panel 100 can be driven using a driving waveform equal to Figure 8 the driving period (N frames) of the first viewing mode shown.

[0156] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 In the sampling and writing period t2, a data voltage Vdata of white grayscale is supplied to the sensing sub-pixel SP to charge the storage capacitor Cst using the driving voltage, and during the light-emitting period t3, the driving transistor DT can turn on the first light-emitting element EL1 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8.

[0157] During the light-emitting period t3, a set current Iforce can flow from the display panel 100 to the sensing circuit 600 through the first sensing path. The first sensing path is a path from the first power supply line 32 through the driving transistor DT of the sensing sub-pixel SP, the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8, the first light-emitting element EL1, and the circuit film COF to the second power supply line 36.

[0158] By detecting the voltage between the second power supply line 36 and the ground GND using the set current Iforce of the first sensing path, the sensing circuit 600 can sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixel SP reflecting the threshold voltage of the first light-emitting element EL1 as a sensing voltage Vsensing and convert it into sensing data SD.

[0159] The sensing voltage Vsensing sensed in the sensing circuit 600 can be a voltage reflecting all components of the electrical characteristics included in the first sensing path, such as the threshold voltage of the driving transistor DT, the threshold voltages of the fourth switching transistor T4 and the eighth switching transistor T8, the threshold voltage of the first light-emitting element EL1, and the voltage dropped by the wiring resistance RCOF of the circuit film COF. For example, the sensing voltage Vsensing can be a voltage reflected by subtracting all voltage components of the first sensing path from the first power supply voltage ELVDD.

[0160] According to an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 the timing controller 400 can calculate a first threshold voltage offset amount according to the degradation of the first light-emitting element EL1 of the first sub-pixel SP by obtaining the difference between the first sensing data of the first sub-pixel SP sensed in the first region (e.g., the maximum degradation region) and the second sensing data of the second sub-pixel SP sensed in the second region (e.g., the minimum degradation region). Based on the first threshold voltage offset amount, the timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment can calculate a first compensation gain for compensating the degradation of the first light-emitting element EL1 and store it in the memory 500.

[0161] Reference Figure 10 , the sub-pixel SP sensed by the display panel 100 can be driven using a driving waveform equal to Figure 8 the driving period (N+1 frame) of the second viewing angle mode shown.

[0162] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 10 , during the sampling and writing period t2, a data voltage Vdata of white gradation is supplied to the sensing sub-pixel SP to charge the storage capacitor Cst using a driving voltage, and during the light emitting period t3, the driving transistor DT can turn on the second light emitting element EL2 through the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6.

[0163] During the light emitting period t3, a set current Iforce can flow from the display panel 100 to the sensing circuit 600 through the second sensing path. The second sensing path is a path from the first power supply line 32 through the driving transistor DT of the sensing sub-pixel SP, the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6, the second light emitting element EL2, the second power supply line 36, and the circuit film COF, etc. to the second power supply line 36.

[0164] By detecting the voltage between the second power supply line 36 and the ground GND using the set current Iforce supplied through the second sensing path, the sensing circuit 600 can sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing sub-pixel SP reflecting the threshold voltage of the second light emitting element EL2 as a sensing voltage Vsensing and convert it into sensing data SD.

[0165] The sensing voltage Vsensing sensed in the sensing circuit 600 can be a voltage of all components reflecting the electrical characteristics included in the second sensing path, such as the threshold voltage of the driving transistor DT, the threshold voltages of the fourth switching transistor T4 and the sixth switching transistor T6, the threshold voltage of the second light emitting element EL2, and the voltage dropped by the wiring resistance RCOF of the circuit film COF, etc. For example, the sensing voltage Vsensing can be a voltage reflected by subtracting all the voltage components of the second sensing path from the first power supply voltage ELVDD.

[0166] According to an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1The timing controller 400 can calculate a second threshold voltage shift amount according to the degradation of the second light-emitting element EL2 of the first sub-pixel SP by obtaining the difference between the third sensing data of the first sub-pixel SP sensed in the first region (e.g., the maximum degradation region) and the fourth sensing data of the second sub-pixel SP sensed in the second region (e.g., the minimum degradation region). Based on the second threshold voltage offset amount, the timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment can calculate a second compensation gain for compensating the degradation of the second light-emitting element EL2 and store it in the memory 500. It should be noted that the maximum degradation region and the minimum degradation region of the first light-emitting element EL1 may be the same as or different from the maximum degradation region and the minimum degradation region of the second light-emitting element EL2, but are not limited thereto. As an example, the maximum degradation region and / or the minimum degradation region may be a region including one or more sub-pixels. As an example, the maximum degradation region and / or the minimum degradation region may have the same size or different sizes.

[0167] According to an exemplary embodiment, the display device can apply a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100 in the sensing mode to reduce the black grayscale current of the non-sensing sub-pixels, thereby reducing or minimizing the influence of the black grayscale current on the set current Iforce flowing through the second power supply line 34, and improving the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 of the sensing sub-pixel SP.

[0168] Figure 11 is a diagram of a sensing region of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0169] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 11 As an example, according to an exemplary embodiment, the timing controller 400 of the display device 1000 can use the cumulative result of the image data to determine at least one sensing region SA predicted to be the maximum degradation region in the display panel 100. The at least one sensing region SA may include a plurality of sub-pixels having similar degradation characteristics.

[0170] According to an exemplary embodiment, the display device 1000 can sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing region SA in the sensing mode after the sensing region SA of the display panel 100 emits light using the white grayscale data voltage, and the non-sensing region NSA can not emit light using the black grayscale data voltage.

[0171] The display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may sequentially sense the sensing area SA of the display panel 100 by dividing the sensing area SA of the display panel 100 into a first viewing angle mode and a second viewing angle mode, and / or may sequentially sense the sensing area SA in each of the first viewing angle mode and the second viewing angle mode by dividing the sensing area SA of the display panel 100 by color, but is not limited thereto.

[0172] Figures 12A to 12C FIG. is a diagram showing sensing paths of each color in a first viewing angle mode of a sensing area in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0173] Referring to Figures 12A to 12C , the display device according to an exemplary embodiment may sense the electrical characteristics of the first light emitting element EL1 of the first color sub-pixel SP1 of the sensing area SA during a first sensing period in the first viewing angle mode, sense the electrical characteristics of the first light emitting element EL1 of the second color sub-pixel SP2 during a second sensing period, and sense the electrical characteristics of the first light emitting element EL1 of the third color sub-pixel SP3 during a third sensing period using the sensing circuit 600. The display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100 during the sensing period in the first viewing angle mode. As an example, the display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply different positive low potential power supply voltages ELVSS for each color to the second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100 during the first sensing period to the third sensing period in the first viewing angle mode, but is not limited thereto. As an example, the display device according to an exemplary embodiment may also apply the same positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS for each color to the second power supply line 34 of the display panel 100 during the first sensing period to the third sensing period in the first viewing angle mode.

[0174] Referring to Figure 12A , the display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause the first light emitting element EL1 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1 of the sensing area SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause the non-sensing sub-pixels SP2, SP3 of the sensing area SA and the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, SP3 of the non-sensing area NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. The sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the first light emitting element EL1 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1 using a set current Iforce flowing through the first light emitting element EL1 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1, the common cathode electrode CE, and the second power supply line 34.

[0175] Referring to Figure 12B, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause a first light-emitting element EL1 of a second sensing sub-pixel SP2 in a sensing region SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause non-sensing sub-pixels SP1 and SP3 in the sensing region SA and sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 in a non-sensing region NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. A sensing circuit 600 may sense electrical characteristics of the first light-emitting element EL1 of the second sensing sub-pixel SP2 using a set current Iforce flowing through the first light-emitting element EL1 of the second sensing sub-pixel SP2, a common cathode electrode CE, and a second power line 34.

[0176] Refer to Figure 12C , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause a first light-emitting element EL1 of a third sensing sub-pixel SP3 in a sensing region SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause non-sensing sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 in the sensing region SA and sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 in a non-sensing region NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. A sensing circuit 600 may sense electrical characteristics of the first light-emitting element EL1 of the third sensing sub-pixel SP3 using a set current Iforce flowing through the first light-emitting element EL1 of the third sensing sub-pixel SP3, the common cathode electrode CE, and the second power line 34.

[0177] Figures 13A to 13C FIG. is a diagram showing sensing paths of each color in a second viewing angle mode of a sensing region in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] Refer to Figures 13A to 13C , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may use a sensing circuit 600 to sense electrical characteristics of a second light-emitting element EL2 of a first color sub-pixel SP1 in the sensing region SA during a first sensing period in a second viewing angle mode, sense electrical characteristics of a second light-emitting element EL2 of a second color sub-pixel SP2 during a second sensing period, and sense electrical characteristics of a second light-emitting element EL2 of a third color sub-pixel SP3 during a third sensing period. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS that is the same as or different from that in a first viewing angle mode to a second power line 34 of a display panel 100 during a sensing period in the second viewing angle mode. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply different positive low potential power supply voltages ELVSS for each color to the second power line 34 of the display panel 100 during a first sensing period to a third sensing period in the second viewing angle mode, but is not limited thereto.

[0179] Refer to Figure 13A, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause the second light-emitting element EL2 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1 in the sensing area SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause the non-sensing sub-pixels SP2, SP3 in the sensing area SA and the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, SP3 in the non-sensing area NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. The sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the second light-emitting element EL2 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1 using a set current Iforce flowing through the second light-emitting element EL2 of the first sensing sub-pixel SP1, the common cathode electrode CE, and the second power line 34.

[0180] Refer to Figure 13B , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause the second light-emitting element EL2 of the second sensing sub-pixel SP2 in the sensing area SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause the non-sensing sub-pixels SP1, SP3 in the sensing area SA and the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, SP3 in the non-sensing area NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. The sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the second light-emitting element EL2 of the second sensing sub-pixel SP2 using a set current Iforce flowing through the second light-emitting element EL2 of the second sensing sub-pixel SP2, the common cathode electrode CE, and the second power line 34.

[0181] Refer to Figure 13C , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may cause the second light-emitting element EL2 of the third sensing sub-pixel SP3 in the sensing area SA to emit light in white grayscale, and cause the non-sensing sub-pixels SP1, SP2 in the sensing area SA and the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, SP3 in the non-sensing area NSA not to emit light in black grayscale. The sensing circuit 600 may sense the electrical characteristics of the second light-emitting element EL2 of the third sensing sub-pixel SP3 using a set current Iforce flowing through the second light-emitting element EL2 of the third sensing sub-pixel SP3, the common cathode electrode CE, and the second power line 34.

[0182] Figure 14 is a waveform diagram showing an exemplary sensing sequence of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0183] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 14 , a display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may operate in a sensing mode in response to a sensing enable signal SEN_EN and a sensing start signal SEN_START sent from a host system 2000 at a first time t1, and a timing controller 400 may send a sensing status signal SEN_BUSY indicating an operation period SEP of the sensing mode to the host system 2000.

[0184] The display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may divide the operation period SEP of the sensing mode into a first viewing angle mode sensing SH sensing period t3 and a second viewing angle mode sensing PR sensing period t6. The display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may divide each of the first viewing angle mode sensing period t3 and the second viewing angle mode sensing period t6 into a first sensing period R sensing, a second sensing period G sensing, and a third sensing period B sensing separated by R, G, and B colors. In each of the first sensing period R sensing, the second sensing period G sensing, and the third sensing period B sensing, the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment may display a maximum gray-scale image pattern of each color in the sensing area of the display panel 100 to sense the sensing area, and may display black gray-scale in the non-sensing area.

[0185] According to an exemplary embodiment, the display device 1000 may display black gray-scale data on the display panel 100 in each of the second period t2 before the first viewing angle mode sensing period t3 of the operation period SEP of the sensing mode, the fourth period t4 and the fifth period t5 between the first viewing angle mode sensing period t3 and the second viewing angle mode sensing period t6, and the seventh period t7 after the second viewing angle mode sensing period t6.

[0186] In the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment, the power management circuit 700 may be supplied with and store the set value of the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS for the sensing mode from the timing controller 400 in the second period t2 and the fifth period t5 when the display panel 100 displays black gray-scale, and may generate and apply a positive low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS to the display panel 100 during the sensing periods t3 and t6. The power management circuit 700 may be supplied with and store the set value of the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS for the display mode from the timing controller 400 in the seventh period t7, and may generate and apply the low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS for the display mode to the display panel 100 during the display period t8 after the sensing mode operation period SEP.

[0187] The timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may output a first viewing angle mode sensing completion signal SEN_SH_Done in the fifth period t5 after the sensing period t3 of the first viewing angle mode, and may output a second viewing angle mode sensing completion signal SEN_PR_Done in the seventh period t7 after the sensing period t6 of the second viewing angle mode. The timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may calculate a compensation gain based on the sensing data in the sensing mode operation period SEP, store it in the memory 500, and output a sensing success signal SEN_Success to the host system 2000.

[0188] During a fourth period t4 between a first perspective mode sensing period t3 and a second perspective mode sensing period t6, a timing controller 400 according to an exemplary embodiment may output a mode switching signal MODE_SW to switch a sensing mode of a first perspective mode to a sensing mode of a second perspective mode.

[0189] Figures 15A to 15C is a diagram of a low potential power supply voltage of each color in a sensing mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0190] Refer to Figures 15A to 15C , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may generate different low potential power supply voltages ELVSS1, ELVSS2, ELVSS3, GND for each color during a sensing period of a first color sub-pixel SP1, a second color sub-pixel SP2, and a third color sub-pixel SP3 and apply them to a display panel.

[0191] Refer to Figure 15A , in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, by way of example, light emitting elements EL1, EL2 of a red sub-pixel SP1 may have a minimum size, light emitting elements EL1, EL2 of a green sub-pixel SP2 may be larger than the size of the light emitting elements EL1, EL2 of the red sub-pixel SP1, and light emitting elements EL1, EL2 of a blue sub-pixel SP3 may be larger than the size of the light emitting elements EL1, EL2 of the green sub-pixel SP2. Since the size of the light emitting elements EL1, EL2 is small, a black grayscale current can be increased, and thus a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS can be set higher. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a third positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS3 to the display panel 100 when sensing the red sub-pixel SP1, and apply a second positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS2 lower than the third positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS3 to the display panel 100 when sensing the green sub-pixel SP2, and apply a first positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS1 lower than the second positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS2 to the display panel 100 when sensing the blue sub-pixel SP3, but is not limited thereto. By way of example, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply the same power supply voltage to the display panel 100 when sensing at least two of the red sub-pixel SP1, the green sub-pixel SP2, and the blue sub-pixel SP3, but is not limited thereto.

[0192] Refer to Figure 15B and Figure 15C, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply different positive low potential power supply voltages ELVSS1, ELVSS2, and ELVSS3 for each color according to the type of the display device (Case 1, Case 2, Case 3). Refer to Figure 15B , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply the ground voltage GND of the display mode as the low potential power supply voltage when sensing the blue sub-pixel SP3.

[0193] Figures 16A to 16C is a graph showing a method for determining a positive low potential power supply voltage by considering a black data margin in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0194] In Figure 7 In the sub-pixel SP shown, the driving currents of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 are determined by the voltage Vdata - Vref applied to the gate of the driving transistor DT through the storage capacitor Cst. Therefore, even if the data voltage Vdata of the black gradation is fixed, the black luminance of the light-emitting elements EL1 and EL2 can vary according to the variable margin of the reference voltage Vref.

[0195] Refer to Figure 16A , in the reference display mode REF, when a normal low potential power supply voltage VSS = 0V is applied to the light-emitting element and the black gradation data voltage Vdata is fixed, the variable margin BMO of the reference voltage Vref at which the light-emitting element can stably display a black luminance of 0.002 nits (nit) is preferably about 1.2V, but is not limited thereto.

[0196] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may set the positive low potential power supply voltage VSS of the sensing mode within a range where the black luminance satisfies the variable margin of the reference voltage Vref of 1.2V stably.

[0197] Refer to Figure 16B , it can be seen that the range of the positive low potential power supply voltage VSS that satisfies the variable margin of the reference voltage Vref of 1.2V for stable black luminance in the shared mode as the first viewing angle mode is about 2V to 4V.

[0198] Refer to Figure 16C , it can be seen that the range of the positive low potential power supply voltage VSS that satisfies the variable margin of the reference voltage Vref of 1.2V for stable black luminance in the privacy mode as the second viewing angle mode is also about 2V to 4V.

[0199] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may set the positive low potential power supply voltage VSS in the sensing mode to 2 V or greater to ensure a variable margin of the reference voltage Vref of 1.2 V for stable black luminance, and may set it to 4 V or less to reduce power consumption, but is not limited thereto.

[0200] Figure 17A and Figure 17B is a graph depicting the black data voltage margin of each viewing angle mode in a display device according to a comparative example of the related art, Figure 18A and Figure 18B is a graph depicting the black data voltage margin of each viewing angle mode in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 19 is a diagram showing the effect of reducing the black grayscale current in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0201] Referring to Figure 17A and Figure 17B and also Figure 19 , a display device according to the comparative example may use the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 equal to the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 in the display mode in the sensing mode. Referring to Figure 18A and Figure 18B and also Figure 19 , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may use the positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS1 higher than the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 in the display mode in the sensing mode.

[0202] Referring to Figure 17A and Figure 19 , it can be seen that when a display device according to the comparative example uses the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 equal to the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 in the display mode and drives the second light emitting element EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels with the black grayscale data voltage Vdata in the privacy sensing mode, no data voltage margin reaches the black luminance and the black grayscale current △IEL increases.

[0203] On the other hand, referring to Figure 18A and Figure 19, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS1 in the privacy mode and drive the second light-emitting elements EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels with the black grayscale data voltage Vdata. In this case, it can be seen that the data voltage margins Vdata21, Vdata22, and Vdata23 are sufficient to cause the second light-emitting elements EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels to reach the black luminance, and the black grayscale current △IEL decreases. In the display device according to an exemplary embodiment, the black data voltage margins Vdata21 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the G sub-pixel to reach the black luminance, the black data voltage margin Vdata22 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the R sub-pixel to reach the black luminance, and the black data voltage Vdata23 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the B sub-pixel to reach the black luminance are sufficiently ensured, so that the black grayscale current △IEL of the non-sensing sub-pixels in the sensing mode of the privacy mode can be reduced.

[0204] Referring to Figure 17B , in the sharing mode of the display device according to the comparative example, the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 equal to the low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 in the display mode and the black data voltage Vdata can be used to drive the first light-emitting elements EL1 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels. In this case, it can be seen that there are data voltage margins Vdata11, Vdata12, and Vdata13 for the second light-emitting elements EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels to reach the black luminance, but the data voltage margin Vdata11 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the R sub-pixel to reach the black luminance is missing, resulting in an increase in the black grayscale current △IEL.

[0205] On the other hand, referring to Figure 18A , a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low potential power supply voltage ELVSS1 in the sharing mode and drive the second light-emitting elements EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels with the data voltage Vdata of the black grayscale. In this case, it can be seen that the data voltage margins Vdata21, Vdata22, and Vdata23 for the second light-emitting elements EL2 of the R, G, and B sub-pixels to reach the black luminance are sufficiently ensured, so the black grayscale current △IEL decreases. In the display device according to an exemplary embodiment, the black data voltage margins Vdata31 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the G sub-pixel to reach the black luminance, the black data voltage margin Vdata32 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the R sub-pixel to reach the black luminance, and the black data voltage Vdata33 for the second light-emitting element EL2 of the B sub-pixel to reach the black luminance are sufficiently ensured, so that the black grayscale current △IEL of the non-sensing sub-pixels in the sensing mode of the sharing mode can be reduced.

[0206] Reference Figure 19 , in the display device according to the comparative example, after applying the first low potential power supply voltage (ELVSS0 = 0V) to the display panel and displaying black grayscale images in the shared mode and the viewing angle mode, respectively, it can be seen that the black grayscale current measured through the second power supply line is 42 μA and 28 μA higher than the set current Iforce in the shared mode and the privacy mode, respectively.

[0207] On the other hand, in the display device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment, after applying the second low potential power supply voltage (ELVSS1 = 3V) higher than the first low potential power supply voltage ELVSS0 of the display mode to the display panel 100 and displaying black grayscale images in each of the shared mode and the viewing angle mode, it can be seen that the black grayscale current measured through the second power supply line 34 in each of the shared mode and the privacy mode is reduced to a level lower than 1 μA of the set current Iforce.

[0208] Figures 20A to 20C is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift amount of the light emitting element for each color in the privacy mode of the display device according to the comparative example of the related art, Figures 21A to 21C is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift of the light emitting element for each color in the shared mode of the display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figures 22A to 22C is a graph depicting the correlation between the panel degradation amount and the threshold voltage shift amount of the light emitting element for each color in the privacy mode of the display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0209] In Figures 20A to 22C , the panel degradation amount is a value predicted from the cumulative data of the image data, and the threshold voltage Vth shift amount of the light emitting element EL is a value calculated based on the difference between the sensed data of the maximum degradation region and the sensed data of the minimum degradation region.

[0210] Reference Figures 20A to 20C , it can be seen that in the privacy mode of the display device according to the comparative example, the sensing accuracy of the threshold voltage shift (EL Vth shift) of the second light emitting element sensed for the R, G, and B colors is reduced under the influence of the black current and is independent of the panel degradation amount.

[0211] Reference Figures 21A to 21C, in the sensing mode of the sharing mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, the influence of the black grayscale current is reduced by using a positive low potential power supply voltage to improve the sensing accuracy of the threshold voltage shift (EL Vth shift) amount of the first light-emitting element EL1 for each color sensing of R, G, and B colors. Therefore, the increasing trend of the threshold voltage shift of the first light-emitting element EL1 for each of the R, G, and B colors has a high correlation R2 greater than 0.95 with the increasing trend of the panel degradation amount, indicating that the sensing accuracy of the threshold voltage shift amount of the first light-emitting element EL1 for each color according to the panel degradation amount is improved.

[0212] Referring to Figures 22A to 22C , in the sensing mode of the privacy mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, the influence of the black grayscale current can be reduced by using a positive low potential power supply voltage to improve the sensing accuracy of the threshold voltage shift (EL Vth shift) amount of the second light-emitting element EL2 for each color sensing of R, G, and B colors. Therefore, the increasing trend of the threshold voltage shift amount of the second light-emitting element EL2 for each of the R, G, and B colors has a high correlation R2 greater than 0.95 with the increasing trend of the panel degradation amount, indicating that the sensing accuracy of the threshold voltage shift amount of the second light-emitting element EL2 for each color according to the panel degradation amount is improved.

[0213] A display device according to some aspects may include: a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels; a driver configured to drive the display panel; a power management circuit configured to apply a high potential power supply voltage to the first power line and apply a low potential power supply voltage to the second power line; and a sensing circuit configured to sense the electrical characteristics of a sensing area of the display panel through the second power line to output sensing data, wherein the power management circuit applies a first low potential power supply voltage to the second power line in a display mode and applies a second low potential power supply voltage higher than the first low potential power supply voltage to the second power line in a sensing mode.

[0214] In a display device according to some aspects, each of the plurality of sub-pixels may include a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a pixel circuit configured to drive the first light-emitting element in a first viewing angle mode and drive the second light-emitting element in a second viewing angle mode.

[0215] In a display device according to some aspects, each of a plurality of sub-pixels may further include a first light control element and a second light control element. The first light control element overlaps the first light-emitting element to provide light with a first viewing angle, and the second light control element overlaps the second light-emitting element to provide light with a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle.

[0216] In a display device according to some aspects, the sensing mode may include a first viewing angle mode sensing period and a second viewing angle mode sensing period. Wherein, in the first viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses a first electrical characteristic of the sensing region through a first sensing path that passes through the first power line, the first light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing region of the display panel driven in the first viewing angle mode. And wherein, in the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses a second electrical characteristic of the sensing region through a second sensing path that passes through the first power line, the second light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing region of the display panel driven in the second viewing angle mode.

[0217] In a display device according to some aspects, during the first viewing angle mode sensing period and the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the power management circuit may generate and apply the second low potential power supply voltage differently for each mode.

[0218] In a display device according to some aspects, each of the sensing period of the first viewing angle mode and the sensing period of the second viewing angle mode may include a first color sensing period for sensing a first color sub-pixel in the sensing region, a second color sensing period for sensing a second color sub-pixel in the sensing region, and a third color sensing period for sensing a third color sub-pixel in the sensing region.

[0219] In a display device according to some aspects, the power management circuit may generate and apply the second low potential power supply voltage differently for each color during the first color sensing period, the second color sensing period, and the third color sensing period.

[0220] In a display device according to some aspects, in the sensing mode, the driver may display maximum gray scale data in the sensing region of the display panel and may display minimum gray scale data in the non-sensing region of the display panel.

[0221] In a display device according to some aspects, in the sensing mode, the driver may display maximum gray-scale data on the sub-pixels sensed in the sensing region of the display panel, and may display minimum gray-scale data on the sub-pixels not sensed in the sensing region of the display panel and on the sub-pixels in the non-sensing region of the display panel.

[0222] In a display device according to some aspects, the driver may determine a first sensing region and a second sensing region in the display panel based on the result of accumulating image data, where the first sensing region is the maximum degradation region, and the second sensing region may be the minimum degradation region, where the driver may be applied with first sensing data and second sensing data through the sensing circuit, and where, through the sensing circuit, the first sensing data may be obtained by sensing the electrical characteristics of the first sensing region, and the second sensing data is obtained by sensing the electrical characteristics of the second sensing region.

[0223] In a display device according to some aspects, the driver may scale the first sensing data in units of sub-pixels to calculate third sensing data, where the driver may scale the second sensing data in units of sub-pixels to calculate fourth sensing data, where the driver may calculate the threshold voltage shift of each light-emitting element based on the difference between the third sensing data and the fourth sensing data, and where the driver may calculate the compensation gain of each sub-pixel based on the threshold voltage shift of each light-emitting element and store the compensation gain in a memory.

[0224] A display device according to some aspects may include: a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels having a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element; a sensing circuit configured to sense the electrical characteristics of the sensing region of the display panel through the second power line to output sensing data; and a power management circuit configured to apply a high-potential power supply voltage and a set current for the sensing mode to the first power line in the sensing mode, and apply a low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode to the second power line in the sensing mode, where each sub-pixel of the plurality of sub-pixels may further include a pixel circuit configured to drive the first light-emitting element in a first viewing angle mode and drive the second light-emitting element in a second viewing angle mode, and where the power management circuit may apply a positive voltage higher than the low-potential power supply voltage for the display mode as the low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode.

[0225] In a display device according to some aspects, each of the plurality of sub-pixels may include a first light control element and a second light control element. The first light control element overlaps the first light-emitting element to provide light having the first viewing angle, and the second light control element overlaps the second light-emitting element to provide light having a second viewing angle narrower than the first viewing angle.

[0226] In a display device according to some aspects, the sensing mode may include a first viewing angle mode sensing period and a second viewing angle mode sensing period. In the first viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit may sense a first electrical characteristic of the sensing region through a first sensing path that passes through the first power line, the first light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing region of the display panel driven in the first viewing angle mode. And in the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit may sense a second electrical characteristic of the sensing region through a second sensing path that passes through the first power line, the second light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing region of the display panel driven in the second viewing angle mode.

[0227] In a display device according to some aspects, during the first viewing angle mode sensing period and the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the power management circuit may generate and apply the second low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode differently for each mode.

[0228] In a display device according to some aspects, each of the sensing period of the first viewing angle mode and the sensing period of the second viewing angle mode may include a first color sensing period for sensing a first color sub-pixel in the sensing region, a second color sensing period for sensing a second color sub-pixel in the sensing region, and a third color sensing period for sensing a third color sub-pixel in the sensing region.

[0229] In a display device according to some aspects, the power management circuit may generate and apply the low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode differently for each color among the first color sensing period, the second color sensing period, and the third color sensing period.

[0230] In a display device according to some aspects, in the sensing mode, the sub-pixels sensed in the sensing region of the display panel may display maximum gray-scale data, and the sub-pixels not sensed in the sensing region and the sub-pixels in the non-sensing region may display minimum gray-scale data.

[0231] In a display device according to some aspects, the minimum gray current flowing through a sub-pixel that displays the minimum gray data through the low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode may be less than the minimum current of the low-potential power supply voltage for the display mode.

[0232] In a display device according to some aspects, the second low-potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode may be set to a voltage greater than or equal to 2V and less than or equal to 4V.

[0233] As described above, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment may apply a positive low-potential power supply voltage ELVSS to a display panel in a sensing mode, thereby minimizing the black gray current of non-sensing sub-pixels, thereby improving the sensing accuracy of the electrical characteristics of sensing sub-pixels using a second power line, thereby generating improved afterimage compensation performance.

[0234] Even if the light-emitting elements of the sub-pixels are driven in a time-division manner, a display device according to an exemplary embodiment can improve the sensing accuracy of changes in the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements using a second power line to improve the afterimage compensation performance, regardless of the time-division driving of the sub-pixels.

[0235] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment may further improve the sensing accuracy of changes in the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements using a second power line for each sensing mode or for each color by applying a low-potential power supply voltage differently in the sensing mode for each sensing mode or for each color, and may further improve the afterimage compensation performance.

[0236] A display device according to an exemplary embodiment can improve the sensing accuracy of changes in the electrical characteristics of the light-emitting elements, regardless of the time-division driving of the sub-pixels, thereby improving the afterimage compensation performance, thereby increasing the afterimage life of the light-emitting elements and also achieving a low-power consumption effect.

[0237] The above-described features, structures, and effects of the present disclosure are included in at least one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, but are not limited to only one exemplary embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, and effects described in at least one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented by those skilled in the art through combinations or modifications of other embodiments. Therefore, the content associated with the combinations and modifications should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0238] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to cover modifications and variations of the present disclosure as long as they fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0239] Cross-reference to related applications

[0240] This application claims the priority and benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0187094, filed on December 20, 2023, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: A display panel comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels; a power management circuit configured to apply a high potential power voltage to the first power line and a low potential power voltage to the second power line; as well as a sensing circuit configured to sense an electrical characteristic of at least one of the plurality of sub-pixels through the second power line in a sensing mode to output sensing data, The power management circuit applies a first low potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in the display mode, and applies a second low potential power supply voltage higher than the first low potential power supply voltage to the second power supply line in the sensing mode.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of sub-pixels comprises: a first light emitting element, a second light emitting element; and A pixel circuit is configured to drive the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element in a time division manner.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein: The pixel circuit is configured to drive the first light emitting element in a first viewing angle mode and to drive the second light emitting element in a second viewing angle mode.

4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein: Each of the plurality of sub-pixels further comprises: a first light control element overlapping the first light emitting element to provide light having a first viewing angle; and A second light control element overlaps the second light emitting element to provide light having a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle.

5. The display device according to claim 3, in, The sensing mode includes a first viewing angle mode sensing period and a second viewing angle mode sensing period, wherein, in the first viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses a first electrical characteristic of the sensing area of ​​the display panel through a first sensing path passing through the first power line, the first light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing area of ​​the display panel driven in the first viewing angle mode, and Among them, in the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses the second electrical characteristics of the sensing area of ​​the display panel through a second sensing path passing through the first power line, the second light-emitting element and the second power line in the sensing area of ​​the display panel driven in the second viewing angle mode.

6. The display device according to claim 5, in, In the first viewing mode sensing period and the second viewing mode sensing period, the power management circuit generates and applies the second low potential power voltage differently for the first viewing mode and the second viewing mode.

7. The display device according to claim 5, in, Each of the first viewing angle mode sensing period and the second viewing angle mode sensing period includes: a first color sensing period, wherein the first color sensing period senses a first color sub-pixel in the sensing area; a second color sensing period for sensing a second color sub-pixel in the sensing area; and A third color sensing period is used to sense a third color sub-pixel in the sensing area.

8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein: The power management circuit generates and applies the second low potential power voltage differently in the first color sensing period, the second color sensing period, and the third color sensing period.

9. The display device according to claim 2, wherein: In each of the plurality of sub-pixels, a size of the first light emitting element is different from a size of the second light emitting element.

10. The display device according to claim 2, wherein: The plurality of sub-pixels include a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel, each of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel includes the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element, and wherein sizes of the first light emitting elements of at least two of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel are different from each other, and The sizes of the second light-emitting elements of at least two of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel are different from each other, or the numbers of light-emitting areas of the second light-emitting elements of at least two of the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel are different from each other.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second power supply line is connected to the sensing circuit via a second power supply line through a circuit film, and The sensing circuit is configured to sense an electrical characteristic of the at least one sub-pixel by detecting a voltage at an end of the second power supply line using a set current flowing through the at least one sub-pixel among the plurality of sub-pixels.

12. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a driver configured to drive the display panel, in, In the sensing mode, the driver displays maximum grayscale data in a sensing area of ​​the display panel and displays minimum grayscale data in a non-sensing area of ​​the display panel.

13. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a driver configured to drive the display panel, in, In the sensing mode, the driver displays maximum grayscale data on sub-pixels sensed in the sensing area of ​​the display panel, and displays minimum grayscale data on sub-pixels not sensed in the sensing area of ​​the display panel and on sub-pixels in the non-sensing area of ​​the display panel.

14. The display device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The sensing region is a region predicted to be a maximum deterioration region in the display panel using an accumulation result of image data and includes a plurality of sub-pixels.

15. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a driver configured to drive the display panel, in, The driver determines a first sensing area and a second sensing area in the display panel based on an accumulation result of image data, wherein the first sensing region is a region predicted to be a maximum degraded region and the second sensing region is a region predicted to be a minimum degraded region, wherein the first sensing data and the second sensing data are supplied to the driver through the sensing circuit, and The first sensing data is obtained by sensing the electrical characteristics of the first sensing region through the sensing circuit, and the second sensing data is obtained by sensing the electrical characteristics of the second sensing region through the sensing circuit.

16. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising a driver configured to drive the display panel, in, The driver scales the first sensing data in units of sub-pixels to calculate third sensing data, wherein the driver scales the second sensing data in units of sub-pixels to calculate fourth sensing data, wherein the driver calculates a threshold voltage shift of each light emitting element of each of the plurality of sub-pixels based on a difference between the third sensing data and the fourth sensing data, and The driver calculates a compensation gain of each of the plurality of sub-pixels based on the threshold voltage shift of each light-emitting element of each of the plurality of sub-pixels, and stores the compensation gain in a memory.

17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode is set to a voltage greater than or equal to 2V and less than or equal to 4V.

18. A display device, comprising: A display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, a first power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, and a second power line shared by the plurality of sub-pixels, wherein each of the plurality of sub-pixels has a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element; a sensing circuit configured to sense an electrical characteristic of a sensing area of ​​the display panel through the second power line to output sensing data; as well as a power management circuit configured to apply a high potential power supply voltage and a set current to the first power line in a sensing mode, and to apply a low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode to the second power line in the sensing mode, Each of the plurality of sub-pixels further comprises a pixel circuit, wherein the pixel circuit is configured to drive the first light-emitting element in a first viewing angle mode and to drive the second light-emitting element in a second viewing angle mode, and The power management circuit applies a positive voltage higher than a low potential power supply voltage for the display mode as the low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode.

19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein: Each of the plurality of sub-pixels comprises: a first light control element overlapping the first light emitting element to provide light having a first viewing angle; and A second light control element overlaps the second light emitting element to provide light having a second viewing angle narrower than the first viewing angle.

20. The display device according to claim 19, in, The sensing mode includes a first viewing angle mode sensing period and a second viewing angle mode sensing period, wherein, in the first viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses a first electrical characteristic of the sensing area through a first sensing path passing through the first power line, the first light-emitting element, and the second power line in the sensing area of ​​the display panel driven in the first viewing angle mode, and Among them, in the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the sensing circuit senses the second electrical characteristic of the sensing area through a second sensing path passing through the first power line, the second light-emitting element and the second power line in the sensing area of ​​the display panel driven in the second viewing angle mode.

21. The display device according to claim 20, in, In the first viewing angle mode sensing period and the second viewing angle mode sensing period, the power management circuit generates and applies the low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode differently for the first viewing angle mode and the second viewing angle mode.

22. The display device according to claim 20, in, Each of the first viewing angle mode sensing period and the second viewing angle mode sensing period includes: a first color sensing period, wherein the first color sensing period senses a first color sub-pixel in the sensing area; a second color sensing period for sensing a second color sub-pixel in the sensing area; and A third color sensing period is used to sense a third color sub-pixel in the sensing area.

23. The display device according to claim 22, wherein: The power management circuit differently generates and applies the low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode in the first color sensing period, the second color sensing period, and the third color sensing period.

24. The display device according to claim 18, wherein: In the sensing mode, sub-pixels sensed in the sensing area of ​​the display panel display maximum grayscale data, and sub-pixels not sensed in the sensing area and sub-pixels in a non-sensing area display minimum grayscale data.

25. The display device according to claim 18, wherein: A minimum grayscale current flowing to a sub-pixel displaying minimum grayscale data by the low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode is smaller than a minimum grayscale current caused by the low potential power supply voltage for the display mode.

26. The display device according to claim 25, wherein: The low potential power supply voltage for the sensing mode is set to a voltage greater than or equal to 2V and less than or equal to 4V.

27. A vehicle comprising a display device according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. The vehicle of claim 27, wherein: The display device is applied to a co-pilot display of the vehicle.

29. The vehicle of claim 28, wherein: When the driver is not driving, the display device operates in a first viewing angle mode, and when the driver is driving, the display device operates in a second viewing angle mode.

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