Soil conditioner as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The soil conditioner provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35 to 45 parts of straw biochar, 55 to 65 parts of biological excrement, 0.01 to 0.5 part of cellulose degradation compound bacteria, 1 to 5 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 3.5 to 4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin. The soil conditioner provided by the invention is good in composting quality, high in composting efficiency, environment-friendly and suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and more specifically, to a soil conditioner and its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] The sandy soil cultivated land along the Yellow River has problems such as low organic matter and nutrient content, lack of functional microorganisms, strong water resource constraints, and low production efficiency. Developing soil conditioners can improve the properties of sandy soil, increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, and improve the microbial activity of sandy soil. At present, renewable organic resources rich in nutrients such as straw and biological manure are widely used in soil improvement. They are rich in a large amount of organic substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and protein, and also contain various trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and silicon. At present, the resource utilization methods of straw and biological manure are mainly direct field application and composting, which can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. However, during the use and composting of biological manure and straw, nitrogen loss will occur due to the growth and respiration of microorganisms, thereby reducing the compost quality. Moreover, the existing soil conditioners generally include various components such as fly ash, bentonite, sepiolite, plant fiber, and composite strains. There are many types of substances, high costs, and it is not easy to industrialize production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing soil conditioners for sandy soil have problems of poor compost quality and difficulty in industrial production.

[0005] (II) Technical Solutions

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a soil conditioner, which includes the following raw material components by weight: 35-45 parts of straw biochar, 55-65 parts of biological manure, 0.01-0.5 part of cellulose-degrading composite bacteria, 1-5 parts of nano-silica, and 3.5-4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin.

[0008] Preferably, the straw biochar is obtained by treating corn straw.

[0009] Preferably, the biological manure is cow dung.

[0010] Preferably, the cellulose-degrading composite bacteria are prepared from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus safensis in a ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the bovine serum albumin is obtained by separating serum from bovine blood as raw material, followed by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate and purification through treatment with octanoic acid.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Put 35 - 45 parts of straw biochar, 55 - 65 parts of biological manure, 0.01 - 0.5 parts of cellulose - degrading complex bacteria, 1 - 5 parts of nano - silica, and 3.5 - 4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin into a tank - type compost reactor and stir evenly to form a mixture. Keep the water content of the mixture at 50% - 60%. Perform forced ventilation at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation period is about 30 days. Turn the pile every 3 days in the first 15 days before composting and every 5 days in the next 15 days. Take samples during each pile - turning for subsequent index determination. After the composting is completed, a soil conditioner is obtained.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation process of the straw biochar is as follows: Dry and crush corn straw, then put it into a carbonization furnace for carbonization. Heat up to 400 - 600 °C, keep warm for 1 - 5 h, take it out after cooling to room temperature, and pass through a 120 - 300 - mesh sieve to obtain straw biochar.

[0015] Preferably, the fermentation temperature of the mixture is 60 °C - 70 °C.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the biological manure is 4:6.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides the application of the soil conditioner described in any of the above technical solutions or the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of any of the above technical solutions in improving sandy soil environment.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] The above - mentioned technical solutions of the present invention have at least the following advantages:

[0020] 1. In the present invention, nano - silica can quickly increase the temperature of the compost pile, extend the high - temperature period of composting, reduce the total nitrogen loss of the compost pile, and thus improve the quality of the compost product. It can adsorb organic substances to achieve a fertilizer slow - release effect. Bovine serum albumin can be adsorbed on the surface of the straw biochar, and a protein corona - like structure adsorption layer is formed between the surface of the straw biochar and the bovine serum albumin corona layer, which can significantly improve the colloidal stability of the conditioner. The cellulose - degrading complex bacteria can accelerate the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, and make the compost pile quickly heat up and maintain the high - temperature time, improve the fermentation efficiency, and thus can improve the production efficiency of the soil conditioner, making it easy for industrialized and large - batch production.

[0021] 2. In the present invention, a pot-type compost reactor is used for composting to prepare a soil conditioner, which can more effectively control the nutrient content, microbial activity and properties of the soil conditioner.

[0022] 3. In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the soil conditioner are all green materials that are easy to degrade and pollution-free, friendly to the environment, and pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment while improving sandy soil. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0025] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating relative importance or indicating the number of technical features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in more detail with reference to specific embodiments:

[0027] An embodiment of the present invention provides a soil conditioner, which includes the following raw material components by weight: 35-45 parts of straw biochar, 55-65 parts of biological feces, 0.01-0.5 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, 1-5 parts of nano-silica, and 3.5-4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin.

[0028] In one embodiment, the straw biochar is obtained by treating corn straw.

[0029] In one embodiment, the biological feces are cow dung.

[0030] In one embodiment, the cellulose-degrading complex bacteria are prepared from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus safensis in a ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0031] In one embodiment, bovine serum albumin is obtained by separating serum from bovine blood as raw material, followed by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate and then purification through treatment with caprylic acid.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Put 35 - 45 parts of straw biochar, 55 - 65 parts of biological manure, 0.01 - 0.5 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, 1 - 5 parts of nano-silica, and 3.5 - 4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin into a tank-type compost reactor and stir evenly to form a mixture. Keep the water content of the mixture at 50% - 60%. Perform forced ventilation at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation period is about 30 days. Turn the pile every 3 days in the first 15 days before composting and every 5 days in the next 15 days. Take samples for subsequent index determination each time the pile is turned. After the composting is completed, a soil conditioner is obtained.

[0034] In one embodiment, the preparation process of straw biochar is as follows: Dry and crush corn straw, then put it into a carbonization furnace for carbonization. Heat up to 400 - 600 °C, keep warm for 1 - 5 h, take it out after cooling to room temperature, and pass through a 120 - 300 mesh sieve to obtain straw biochar.

[0035] In one embodiment, the fermentation temperature of the mixture is 60 °C - 70 °C.

[0036] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of straw biochar to biological manure is 4:6.

[0037] The present invention also provides the application of any one of the soil conditioners in the above embodiments or the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of any one of the soil conditioners in the above embodiments in improving the sandy soil environment.

[0038] The following are specific examples and comparative examples provided by the present invention:

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Mix 35 parts of processed straw biochar (corn straw), 65 parts of fresh cow dung (biological manure), 0.02 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, 1 part of nano-silica, and 3.5 parts of bovine serum albumin, and place them in a tank compost reactor and stir evenly. During the fermentation period, keep the water content of the mixture at 50% - 60%. Conduct forced ventilation at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation cycle is about 30 days. Turn the pile every 3 days for the first 15 days before composting and every 5 days for the next 15 days. Take samples during each pile turning for subsequent index determination. After the composting is completed, a soil conditioner is obtained.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Mix 40 parts of processed straw biochar (corn straw), 60 parts of fresh cow dung (biological manure), 0.1 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, 2 parts of nano-silica, and 4 parts of bovine serum albumin, and place them in a tank compost reactor and stir evenly. During the fermentation period, keep the water content of the mixture at 50% - 60%. Conduct forced ventilation at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation cycle is about 30 days. Turn the pile every 3 days for the first 15 days before composting and every 5 days for the next 15 days. Take samples during each pile turning for subsequent index determination. After the composting is completed, a soil conditioner is obtained.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] Mix 45 parts of processed straw biochar (corn straw), 55 parts of fresh cow dung (biological manure), 0.5 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, 5 parts of nano-silica, and 4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin, and place them in a tank compost reactor and stir evenly. During the fermentation period, keep the water content of the mixture at 50% - 60%. Conduct forced ventilation at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation cycle is about 30 days. Turn the pile every 3 days for the first 15 days before composting and every 5 days for the next 15 days. Take samples during each pile turning for subsequent index determination. After the composting is completed, a sandy soil conditioner is obtained.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] Modify the raw material ratio of the sandy soil conditioner in Example 1, without adding cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, and the other components and ratios remain unchanged. Specifically, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of straw biochar, 65 parts of fresh cow dung, 1 part of nano-silica, and 3.5 parts of bovine serum albumin.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] Modify the raw material ratio of the sandy soil conditioner in Example 1, without adding nano-silica, and the other components and ratios remain unchanged. Specifically, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of straw biochar, 65 parts of fresh cow dung, 0.02 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, and 3.5 parts of bovine serum albumin.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] Based on the raw material ratio of the sandy soil conditioner in Example 1, bovine serum albumin was not added, and the other components and ratios were changed. It was specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of straw biochar, 65 parts of fresh cow dung, 0.02 parts of cellulose-degrading complex bacteria, and 1 part of nano-silica.

[0051] Application performance test of the soil conditioner described in Examples 1 to 3 (experimental group):

[0052] Put 100 g of sandy soil (dry soil) into a 500 ml tissue culture glass bottle for cultivation, and the tissue culture bottle was capped with an aluminum lid with a silicone stopper. All culture bottles were pre-cultured in a dark environment at 25 °C. The soil water content was adjusted to 60% of the field water holding capacity, and the cultivation time was 7 days to restore microbial activity. Then, the above Examples 1-3 were applied to the potted plants, and a total of 3 treatments were set, with 3 replicates for each treatment, for a total of 36 treatments. The soil water content was adjusted to 60% of the field water holding capacity. Destructive sampling was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, 20th, and 48th days of cultivation to determine the soil physical and chemical properties.

[0053] Set the same control group for the soil conditioner described in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (control group) according to the above application performance test.

[0054] It is concluded from the test results that the colloidal stability and microbial activity of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group.

[0055] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by weight: 35-45 parts of straw biochar; 55-65 parts of biological feces; 0.01-0.5 parts of cellulose-degrading composite bacteria; 1-5 parts of nano silicon dioxide; 3.5-4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The straw biochar is obtained by processing corn straw.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The biological excrement is cow dung.

4. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The cellulose degrading composite bacteria is prepared from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus saffron in a ratio of 1:1:1:

1.

5. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The bovine serum albumin is obtained by separating serum from bovine blood as a raw material, precipitating it with ammonium sulfate, and then refining it with caprylic acid.

6. A method for preparing a soil conditioner, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 35-45 parts of straw biochar, 55-65 parts of biological feces, 0.01-0.5 parts of cellulose-degrading composite bacteria, 1-5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, and 3.5-4.5 parts of bovine serum albumin are placed into a tank composting reactor and stirred evenly to form a mixture. The moisture content of the mixture is maintained at 50%-60%. Forced ventilation is performed at regular intervals to avoid anaerobic fermentation. The fermentation cycle is about 30 days. The compost is turned every 3 days for the first 15 days of composting and every 5 days for the next 15 days. Samples are taken each time the compost is turned for subsequent indicator determination. A soil conditioner is obtained after the composting is completed.

7. The method for preparing the soil conditioner according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation process of the straw biochar is as follows: drying the corn stalks, crushing them, and then putting them into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, heating them to 400-600° C., keeping them warm for 1-5 hours, cooling them to room temperature, taking them out, and passing them through a 120-300 mesh sieve to obtain the straw biochar.

8. The method for preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature of the mixture is 60°C to 70°C.

9. The method for preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 6, wherein: The mass ratio of the straw biochar to the biological excrement is 4:

6.

10. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in improving sandy soil environment.