Plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target plateau lake image and spectral image data, and performing water storage and environment analysis on the acquired image data and spectral image data; constructing a target plateau lake ecological model according to the water storage capacity and a water area analysis result after environment analysis, segmenting the ecological model according to water areas, and performing ecological assessment on different water areas; combining evaluation results, displaying the combined evaluation results in a grade form, dividing the combined evaluation results into four grades from high to low, setting a restoration threshold value, highlighting and marking the water area with the evaluation grade lower than the restoration threshold value, and displaying the ecological problem and the restoration method of the water area; the system comprises an image acquisition module, an ecological evaluation module and a restoration determination module. According to the method, the ecological difference of different areas in the lake can be revealed, a clear direction is provided for making a restoration plan, the actual restoration work can be guided, and the restoration efficiency and effect are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly to a method and system for ecological restoration of plateau lakes. Background Art

[0002] Ecological restoration of plateau lakes emphasizes systematic and comprehensive management, aiming to improve the carrying capacity of water resources and water environment. Through measures such as introducing clean water into the lake, water quality purification, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity conservation, the service functions of the ecosystem are comprehensively enhanced; in the ecological restoration of plateau lakes, the principle of mainly relying on natural restoration and supplemented by artificial restoration is adopted, combined with biological regulation methods such as aquatic vegetation restoration and fish stocking, to gradually improve the lake ecosystem; for the lakeshore drawdown zone, shoreline retreat is implemented to restore the original lakeshore space, enhance the self-purification ability of the lakeshore zone. At the same time, through the precise restoration technology of the wetland lakeshore zone base, pollutants are filtered, infiltrated, and absorbed to reduce the concentration and toxicity of pollutants; strengthen the construction of the ecological corridor around the lake in the first-class protection area of the lake, and promote the construction of the buffer zone and ecological barrier of the lakeshore zone to enhance the ecological barrier function of the region; although certain results have been achieved, ecological restoration of plateau lakes still faces many challenges, such as insufficient overall protection of the ecosystem and ineffective source control.

[0003] Prior art one, a Chinese patent with application number 202310664249.1 discloses a method for ecological restoration and treatment of a gully serving as the water source for a plateau lake. A brush reduction dam, an ecological retention pond, and a vegetation treatment zone are successively arranged in the downstream section of the gully. First retaining walls are arranged between the brush reduction dam and the ecological retention pond, and between the ecological retention pond and the vegetation treatment zone; the ecological restoration of the surrounding area of the gully is carried out by adopting the method of "intercepting at the upper part, dredging in the middle, and discharging at the lower part", that is, a brush reduction dam is arranged at the upper part of the downstream of the gully, an ecological water storage pond is arranged in the middle, and a vegetation treatment zone is arranged at the lower part. The brush reduction dam intercepts floods and filters sediment; the ecological regulation pond improves the biological retention system, fixes soil and conserves water, and purifies surface runoff. Although it reduces soil and water loss within the gully range during the flood season, improves the water quality entering the lake, and restores the ecological environment around the gully, mainly focuses on ecological restoration, respects the laws of nature, allows the ecosystem to recuperate, and provides a good living environment for the growth of plants and microorganisms and the reproduction and habitation of animals; however, it requires long-term management and maintenance, and the maintenance cost is relatively high.

[0004] Prior Art Two, a Chinese patent with the application number 202011338627.X, discloses a method for ecological restoration of polluted water bodies in plateau lakes and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. It jointly uses an aluminum salt passivator and a submerged plant restoration technology. First, in-situ passivation of the sediment is carried out in the polluted area to control the release of sediment pollutants, rapidly reduce the nutrient content in the overlying water body, and at the same time improve the water transparency, providing favorable conditions for the restoration of submerged plants. Then, submerged plants are planted in combination to restore the submerged plant ecosystem, further improving the water transparency and oxygen content, reducing hydrodynamic disturbance, and decreasing sediment resuspension. In addition, submerged plants can absorb nutrients in the water body and sediment, greatly reducing the release of nutrients from the sediment to the overlying water body, and inhibiting the growth of algae through allelopathy. After the submerged plants die in winter, the passivator can still play a role in controlling the nutrient content in the water body and keeping it at a low level. Although the passivator and submerged plants synergistically repair the polluted water body to form a healthy and stable aquatic ecosystem, the natural restoration of submerged plants responds slowly to the reduction of external nutrient load, and the repair effect is unstable.

[0005] Prior Art Three, a Chinese patent with the application number 202311338177.8, discloses a method, device, equipment, and medium for extracting plateau lakes based on multi-source data, including: obtaining multi-source data of the research area; performing fusion processing on SAR image data and multi-spectral image data to obtain single-scene multi-band image data; determining the water body prediction patches corresponding to the research area based on the single-scene multi-band image data through a target water body segmentation model; and extracting the plateau lake area from the research area according to the elevation data and water body prediction patches corresponding to the research area. Although it can alleviate problems such as low accuracy in extracting plateau lakes and difficulty in dealing with water bodies with complex shapes, and has the ability to monitor all day and all weather, and can provide technical support for fields such as lake monitoring, ecological protection, and climate change research, complex operations are required when fusing SAR image data, which may increase the calculation cost and processing time.

[0006] Currently, Prior Art One, Prior Art Two, and Prior Art Three have problems of high maintenance costs for relevant information and data processing in the ecological restoration of plateau lakes, as well as slow calculation and response speeds. Therefore, the present invention provides a method and system for ecological restoration of plateau lakes. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for ecological restoration of plateau lakes to solve the problems of high maintenance costs, slow calculation, and slow response speed in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for monitoring ecological restoration of plateau lakes, including:

[0010] Obtain the target plateau lake image and spectral image data, and perform preprocessing; conduct water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the obtained image data and spectral image data;

[0011] According to the water area analysis results after water storage capacity and environmental analysis, construct an ecological model for the target plateau lake, divide the ecological model by water area, and conduct ecological assessment on different water areas of the ecological model;

[0012] Merge the evaluation results of different water areas and display them in the form of grades. Divide them into four grades from high to low, set a repair threshold. If the evaluation grade of the target water area is lower than the repair threshold, highlight it and display its ecological problems and repair methods.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of conducting water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the obtained image data and spectral image data includes:

[0014] Identify the pure water area in the preprocessed image, crop the water body and perform binarization processing, calculate the water depth of each independent water body in the binary image of the water body, combine the area of each independent water body to obtain the water storage capacity of each independent water body, and sum them to obtain the total water storage capacity of the entire lake;

[0015] Use multispectral reflection data for supervised classification and output the preliminary classification results; perform ratio operation based on the near-infrared band and red wave band in the image to obtain the reflectance, and obtain the pollution degree in the water area according to the reflectance;

[0016] Measure the water quality of different regions of the target lake, calculate the relationship between the measured values of reflectance in different bands and environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, and ambient light ability, conduct classification verification on the results, and output the water storage capacity and environmental analysis information of the water body.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of using multispectral reflection data for supervised classification includes:

[0018] Perform radiometric correction on the multispectral image of the target plateau lake to adjust the brightness and contrast of the image, remove the atmospheric influence, and obtain more accurate water body reflectance data;

[0019] Put the collected water body image and multispectral image of the plateau lake in the same coordinate system, and superimpose and compare the images obtained at different times and by different sensors;

[0020] Use the supervised classification method, combine historical data, conduct preliminary classification on the water body in the superimposed image, merge the preliminary classification results with other inputs to generate the final classification result, and output it after verifying the accuracy of the final result.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of conducting ecological assessment includes:

[0022] Based on the analysis results of the water storage capacity of the lake and combined with the physical characteristics of the lake, a hydrodynamic model is established; by adding the analysis results of the water area environment, a target plateau lake ecological model is constructed. By comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data, the model is calibrated and verified.

[0023] Obtain the water depth data of the target plateau lake, divide the water area according to different water depth values, mark different water depths from deep to shallow according to the color from deep to shallow, and then evenly divide the areas with the same water depth value.

[0024] Based on ecological function indicators such as the water storage capacity, water quality status and environmental status of the target plateau lake, identify the key parameters affecting the ecosystem, and evaluate the divided water area regions.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of constructing the target plateau lake ecological model includes:

[0026] Create the vector boundary conditions of the target lake, combine with historical satellite data to generate the change sequences of the lake water level and area. Based on the analysis results of the lake water storage capacity and combined with the physical characteristics of the lake, establish a hydrodynamic model.

[0027] Adopt vertical averaging to simulate the interaction between wetland plants, pollutants and water area condition changes. On the basis of the hydrodynamic model, add the analysis results of the water area environment to construct the target plateau lake ecological model to describe the environmental status of the plateau lake.

[0028] By comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data, calibrate and verify the model; analyze the target plateau lake at multiple scales, integrate data and information at different scales, and conduct a comprehensive assessment of the target plateau lake.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of combining the analysis results of the water area environment with the hydrodynamic model includes:

[0030] Utilize the vector boundary of the lake, the water level change sequence and the analysis results of the water storage capacity to construct the hydrodynamic model of the lake; simulate the water flow, waves and wind biological processes of the lake to generate the hydrodynamic state of the lake; collect the observation data of water quality indicators such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value and nutrient salt concentration of the lake; collect the distribution and dynamic change data of ecological factors such as phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fish; collect the data of pollutant concentration, diffusion path and sedimentation rate in the lake.

[0031] Based on the water flow conditions of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the growth, reproduction, and death processes of wetland plants; calculate the growth rate of plants according to environmental factors such as water temperature, light, and nutrient salt concentration; simulate the reproduction and death processes of plants; simulate the purification effect of plants on water quality; based on the flow velocity and direction of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the diffusion process of pollutants in the water body; according to the characteristics of the lake bottom sediment and water flow conditions, simulate the sedimentation rate of pollutants; simulate the adsorption of pollutants on the lake bottom sediment or plant surface;

[0032] On the basis of the hydrodynamic model, adopt the vertical averaging method to couple the simulation results of wetland plants, pollutants, and water quality parameters with the hydrodynamic model; generate the hydrodynamic state of the lake, water quality parameters, distribution of ecological factors, and results of pollutant migration paths.

[0033] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of evaluating the divided water areas includes:

[0034] Use ecological function indicators such as the water storage capacity, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental status of the target plateau lake to evaluate the ecosystem response of different water depth areas;

[0035] Based on the ecological function indicators, identify the key parameters affecting the ecosystem, establish the connection between the ecological function indicators and the ecological status, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to calculate the impact results of changes in ecological function indicators on the ecological status;

[0036] According to the water storage capacity and environmental status of the target plateau lake, conduct a multi-scale comprehensive assessment of the ecological system service functions of different regional waters.

[0037] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of identifying the key parameters affecting the ecosystem includes:

[0038] Generate the hydrological network of the target plateau lake according to the water storage capacity, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental status of the target plateau lake, use the hydrological network for water flow simulation, and obtain hydrological characteristics;

[0039] Based on the water flow simulation results, extract key ecological function indicators, and by comparing the ecosystem responses under different scenarios, identify the ones with the greatest impact on the target plateau lake as the key parameters of the ecosystem;

[0040] Assign weights to the ecological function indicators, perform grid operations on the ecological function indicators, combine the weight assignment results, calculate the sensitivity index of the ecosystem, and use the natural break classification method to determine the grade division of the ecological sensitivity index.

[0041] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of evaluating the divided water areas includes:

[0042] Calculate the comprehensive index of the demand degree of the water ecosystem. Based on the comprehensive index of the demand degree, conduct trend statistics, find three mutation points, and assign three ecological restoration thresholds of high, medium, and low respectively, and divide ecological restoration into four levels;

[0043] Divide the four levels into intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, mild intervention restoration and natural restoration; and classify the evaluation results of each divided water area into each evaluation level after comparing the levels;

[0044] Display the evaluation levels of each divided water area on a visualization device, and highlight the water areas that require intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration and mild intervention restoration according to the brightness level; the mild restoration water areas are only marked but not highlighted.

[0045] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0046] A monitoring system for ecological restoration of plateau lakes, comprising:

[0047] An image acquisition module, configured to acquire target plateau lake images and spectral image data, and perform preprocessing; perform water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the acquired image data and spectral image data;

[0048] An ecological evaluation module, configured to construct a target plateau lake ecological model according to the water area analysis result after water storage capacity and environmental analysis, and perform segmentation processing on the ecological model according to the water area, and perform ecological evaluation on different water areas of the ecological model;

[0049] A restoration determination module, configured to display the evaluation results of different water areas in the form of levels after merging, divide them into four levels from high to low, set a restoration threshold, if the evaluation level of the target water area is lower than the restoration threshold, then highlight it and display its ecological problems and restoration methods.

[0050] The present invention provides accurate lake and its environmental data. The water storage capacity and environmental analysis help to initially understand the ecological status of the lake and provide a reference for the construction of the ecological model; the construction of the ecological model helps to more intuitively understand the overall ecological situation of the lake; the water area segmentation and ecological evaluation can reveal the ecological differences in different regions inside the lake and provide a basis for formulating targeted restoration strategies; the merging and level division of the evaluation results help to quickly identify the ecological problems of the lake and provide an intuitive reference for decision-makers; the setting of the restoration threshold and highlighting can highlight the ecological problem areas that need to be prioritized and provide a clear direction for formulating the restoration plan; displaying the ecological problems and restoration methods helps to guide the actual restoration work and improve the restoration efficiency and effect. Description of the Drawings

[0051] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for analyzing the water storage capacity and environment of the acquired image data and spectral image data in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0053] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for supervised classification using multi-spectral reflection data in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0054] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for ecological assessment in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0055] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for constructing an ecological model of the target plateau lake in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0056] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for evaluating the divided water area in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0057] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for identifying key parameters affecting the ecosystem in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0058] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the present invention for evaluating the divided water area in the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes;

[0059] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the functional modules of an embodiment of the ecological restoration monitoring system for plateau lakes of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the electronic device of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the storage medium of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0062] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0063] The terms "first", "second", and "third" in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. In the embodiments of the present invention, all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. In addition, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes steps or units not listed, or optionally further includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0064] Referring to "embodiments" herein means that specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0065] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes. In this embodiment, the ecological restoration method for plateau lakes specifically includes the following steps:

[0066] Step S100: Obtain the target plateau lake image and spectral image data, and perform preprocessing; perform water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the obtained image data and spectral image data;

[0067] Step S200: According to the water area analysis results after water storage capacity and environmental analysis, construct a target plateau lake ecological model, and segment the ecological model by water area, and perform ecological assessment on different water areas of the ecological model;

[0068] Step S300: Combine the evaluation results of different water areas and display them in the form of grades, divide them into four grades from high to low, set a repair threshold, and if the evaluation grade of the target water area is lower than the repair threshold, highlight it and display its ecological problems and repair methods.

[0069] Preferably, in step S100 of this embodiment, the image and spectral image data of the target plateau lake are obtained through specific technical means and necessary preprocessing is carried out to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data; based on the preprocessed data, the water storage capacity of the lake and its surrounding environment are analyzed in detail to provide a basis for the construction of the ecological model; in step S200, an ecological model of the target plateau lake is constructed according to the analysis results of the water storage capacity and the environment to comprehensively reflect the ecological status of the lake; the ecological model is segmented by water area and ecological assessment is carried out on different water areas to understand the ecological differences and problems of each water area; in step S300, the evaluation results of different water areas are merged and divided into four levels in descending order to more intuitively understand the ecological status of the lake; a repair threshold is set, and the target water area with an evaluation level lower than the repair threshold is highlighted, and its ecological problems and repair methods are displayed.

[0070] In summary, in step S100 of this embodiment, accurate lake and its environmental data are provided. The analysis of the water storage capacity and the environment helps to initially understand the ecological status of the lake and provides a reference for the construction of the ecological model; the construction of the ecological model in step S200 helps to more intuitively understand the overall ecological situation of the lake; the water area segmentation and ecological assessment can reveal the ecological differences in different regions within the lake and provide a basis for formulating targeted repair strategies; the merging and grading of the evaluation results in step S300 helps to quickly identify the ecological problems of the lake and provides an intuitive reference for decision-makers; the setting of the repair threshold and highlighting can prominently display the ecological problem areas that need to be prioritized and provide a clear direction for formulating the repair plan; displaying the ecological problems and repair methods helps to guide the actual repair work and improve the repair efficiency and effect.

[0071] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, in the ecological restoration monitoring method of the plateau lake in this embodiment, the process of analyzing the water storage capacity and the environment of the obtained image data and spectral image data in step S100 specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] Step S101: Identify the pure water area in the preprocessed image, crop the water body and perform binarization processing, calculate the water depth of each independent water body in the binarized image of the water body, combine the area of each independent water body to obtain the water storage capacity of each independent water body, and sum to obtain the total water storage capacity of the entire lake;

[0073] Step S102: Use multispectral reflection data for supervised classification to output a preliminary classification result; perform ratio operation based on the near-infrared band and the red wave band in the image to obtain the reflectivity, and obtain the pollution degree in the water area according to the reflectivity;

[0074] Step S103: Measure the water quality of different regions of the target lake, calculate the relationship between the measured values of reflectance in different bands and environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, and ambient light ability, classify and verify the results, and output the water storage capacity and environmental analysis information.

[0075] Among them, in step S101, identifying the pure water area and calculating the water storage capacity requires identifying the pure water area from the preprocessed image and calculating the water storage capacity of the lake. The specific process is as follows:

[0076] Identify the pure water area, use the formula to perform binary processing on the image, and distinguish the water body from the non-water body area.

[0077] β(x,y) = Threshold(I(x,y),T water )

[0078] In the formula, B(x,y) represents the value of the pixel (x,y) in the binary image, indicating whether the pixel is a water body; I(x,y) represents the gray value of the pixel (x,y) in the preprocessed image; T water represents the threshold for water body identification, used to distinguish the water body from the non-water body area; Threshold(I(x,y),T water ) represents the function to judge whether the pixel (x,y) is a water body; through binary processing, a binary image containing only water bodies and non-water bodies can be obtained.

[0079] Calculate the water depth using the formula, and calculate the water depth based on the ratio of the near-infrared band and the red band:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, D(x,y) represents the water depth at the pixel (x,y); I near (x,y) represents the gray value of the pixel (x,y) in the near-infrared band image; I red (x,y) represents the gray value of the pixel (x,y) in the red band image; α,β represent calibration coefficients, used to convert the ratio into water depth; through this formula, the water depth of each pixel point can be estimated.

[0082] Calculate the water storage capacity by combining the area and water depth of each independent water body, and use the formula to calculate the water storage capacity of the entire lake:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, V represents the water storage capacity of the entire lake; N represents the number of independent water bodies; A r represents the area of the rth independent water body; D r represents the water depth of the rth independent water body; by summing, the total water storage capacity of the entire lake can be obtained.

[0085] In step S102, multi - spectral reflectance data analysis and pollution degree assessment are carried out. The pollution degree of water bodies is evaluated using multi - spectral reflectance data. The specific process is as follows:

[0086] The reflectance is calculated using the formula, and the reflectance is calculated based on the ratio of the near - infrared band and the red band:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, R(x, y) represents the reflectance at pixel (x, y); I near (x, y) represents the gray value of pixel (x, y) in the near - infrared band image; I red (x, y) represents the gray value of pixel (x, y) in the red band image; The reflectance is an important indicator for evaluating the pollution degree of water bodies;

[0089] The pollution degree is evaluated using the formula, and the pollution degree is calculated based on the reflectance:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, P(x, y) represents the pollution degree at pixel (x, y); R(x, y) represents the reflectance at pixel (x, y); R ref represents the reference reflectance, usually the reflectance of clean water bodies; γ, δ represent correction coefficients used to convert the reflectance ratio into the pollution degree; Through the formula, the pollution degree of water bodies can be quantified;

[0092] In step S103, water quality and environmental variable analysis are carried out. The water quality of different regions of the target lake is measured, and the relationship between water quality parameters and environmental variables is analyzed. The specific process is as follows:

[0093] The relationship between water quality parameters and environmental variables is calculated using the formula. Combining environmental variables such as reflectance, temperature, salinity, and ambient light ability, water quality parameters are calculated;

[0094] Q(x, y) = η·R(x, y)+θ·T(x, y)+φ·S(x, y)+ψ·L(x, y)

[0095] In the formula, Q(x, y) represents the water quality parameters (such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, etc.) at pixel (x, y); R(x, y) represents the reflectance at pixel (x, y); T(x, y) represents the temperature at pixel (x, y); S(x, y) represents the salinity at pixel (x, y); L(x, y) represents the ambient light ability at pixel (x, y); η, θ, φ, ψ represent weight coefficients used to adjust the influence of each environmental variable on water quality parameters; Through the formula, the relationship between water quality parameters and environmental variables can be comprehensively analyzed;

[0096] Classification verification and uncertainty quantification use formulas to verify the classification results of water quality parameters and quantify the uncertainty:

[0097] U(x,y) = Var(Q(x,y)) · Conf(Q(x,y))

[0098] In the formula, U(x,y) represents the uncertainty quantification value at pixel (x,y); Q(x,y) represents the water quality parameter at pixel (x,y); Var(Q(x,y)) represents the variance of the water quality parameter, reflecting its volatility; Conf(Q(x,y)) represents the confidence of the water quality parameter, reflecting its reliability; through the formula, the reliability and uncertainty of the analysis results can be evaluated; through the above steps and formulas, the tasks of water storage volume and environmental analysis can be systematically completed. Specifically: Step S101 represents estimating the water storage volume of the lake through binarization processing and water depth calculation; Step S102 represents evaluating the pollution degree of the water body using multi-spectral reflection data; Step S103 represents analyzing the water quality status of the lake by combining water quality parameters and environmental variables, and verifying the reliability of the analysis results.

[0099] Preferably, in Step S101 of this embodiment, the pure water area in the pre-processed image is identified, cropped and then binarized, and the water depth and water storage volume are calculated; through image processing technology, the water bodies in the lake can be accurately identified and quantified, including the water depth and water storage volume of each independent water body; Step S102 uses multi-spectral reflection data for supervised classification, and the reflectance is obtained through ratio operation to evaluate the pollution degree of the water area; using the characteristics of spectral data, the ratio operation can reflect the material composition in the water area, and then evaluate the pollution degree; Step S103 measures the water quality in different areas, calculates the relationship between the measured reflectance value and environmental variables, and outputs the analysis results after classification verification; by comprehensively analyzing the water quality measurement values and various environmental variables, a more comprehensive understanding of the water quality status of the lake and its influencing factors can be obtained.

[0100] In summary, Step S101 of this embodiment provides basic data for the water resource management of the lake, helps to understand the water volume distribution and total water storage volume of the lake, and is of great significance for water resource management and environmental protection; Step S102 provides an effective method for lake water quality monitoring, helps to detect and handle lake pollution problems in a timely manner, and protects the lake ecological environment; Step S103 provides a scientific basis for lake water quality management, helps to formulate targeted protection and management measures, and improves the water quality and ecological environment quality of the lake.

[0101] Furthermore, as Figure 3 shown, in the monitoring method for ecological restoration of plateau lakes in this embodiment, the process of using multi-spectral reflection data for supervised classification in Step S102 specifically includes the following steps:

[0102] Step S1021: Perform radiometric correction on the multi-spectral image of the target plateau lake to adjust the brightness and contrast of the image, remove the atmospheric influence, and obtain more accurate water body reflectance data;

[0103] Step S1022: Place the collected water body image of the plateau lake and the multi-spectral image in the same coordinate system, and superimpose and compare the images obtained at different times and by different sensors;

[0104] Step S1023: Use the supervised classification method, combined with historical data, to preliminarily classify the water body in the superimposed image, and merge the preliminary classification results with other inputs to generate the final classification result, and output after verifying the accuracy of the final result.

[0105] Preferably, in step S1021 of this embodiment, through radiometric correction, the brightness and contrast of the image can be made more uniform, which is convenient for subsequent image analysis and processing; factors such as scattering and absorption in the atmosphere will affect the accuracy and authenticity of the image; radiometric correction can remove these influences and make the image closer to the actual ground object reflection situation; after radiometric correction, the accuracy of the water body reflectance data is improved; step S1022 places the images obtained at different times and by different sensors in the same coordinate system, which is convenient for superimposing and comparing, so as to discover the changes of the water body at different times and under different conditions; through image registration, the information of multiple sensors can be fused to improve the richness and accuracy of the information; in step S1023, through the supervised classification method, the known historical data can be used to preliminarily classify the water body in the superimposed image, so as to distinguish different types of water bodies; merging the preliminary classification results with other inputs can generate a more accurate final classification result; verifying the accuracy of the final classification result can ensure the reliability and accuracy of the classification result.

[0106] In summary, step S1021 of this embodiment improves the quality and accuracy of the image, provides a reliable data basis for subsequent analysis; makes the image closer to the actual situation, which helps to better understand and analyze the water body characteristics of the plateau lake; step S1022 realizes the effective integration of multiple data sources, improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of water body monitoring; provides more abundant information support for applications such as water body classification and change monitoring; step S1023 realizes the effective classification and identification of the water body of the plateau lake, provides a scientific basis for applications such as water quality monitoring and ecological protection; through accuracy verification, the reliability and accuracy of the classification result are ensured, and the accuracy and credibility of water body monitoring are improved.

[0107] Furthermore, as Figure 4 shown, in the ecological restoration monitoring method of the plateau lake in this embodiment, the process of performing ecological assessment in step S200 specifically includes the following steps:

[0108] Step S201: Based on the analysis results of the water storage capacity of the lake and combined with the physical characteristics of the lake, establish a hydrodynamic model; incorporate the analysis results of the water area environment to construct a target plateau lake ecological model, and calibrate and verify the model by comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data.

[0109] Step S202: Obtain the water depth data of the target plateau lake, divide the water area according to different water depth values, mark the different water depths from deep to shallow in accordance with the color from deep to shallow, and then evenly divide the areas with the same water depth value.

[0110] Step S203: Based on the ecological function indicators such as the water storage capacity, water quality status, and environmental status of the target plateau lake, identify the key parameters affecting the ecosystem, and evaluate the divided water area regions.

[0111] Preferably, in step S201 of this embodiment, based on the analysis of the water storage capacity and physical characteristics of the lake, a model capable of simulating dynamic processes such as the water flow and water level changes in the lake is constructed; combined with the analysis results of the water area environment, ecological factors are further incorporated into the model to form a comprehensive model that can reflect the overall situation of the lake ecosystem; by comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data, the model can be corrected and optimized to ensure its accuracy and reliability; step S202 obtains the water depth data of the lake and divides the water area according to different water depth values, which helps to understand the three-dimensional structure of the lake; marking different water depth areas by the depth of color makes the water depth distribution of the lake more intuitive and easy to understand; evenly dividing the areas with the same water depth value helps with evaluation and management; step S203 can identify the key parameters affecting the lake ecosystem based on the ecological function indicators such as the water storage capacity, water quality status, and environmental status of the lake; evaluating different water depth areas according to the key parameters can understand the ecological conditions and potential risks of each area.

[0112] In summary, step S201 of this embodiment provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamic changes in the lake ecosystem, providing a scientific basis for lake management and protection; through model prediction, potential environmental problems can be discovered in a timely manner and corresponding countermeasures can be taken; step S202 improves the visualization degree of the lake water depth data, facilitating understanding and analysis; it provides basic data support for ecological assessment and regional management; step S203 provides a detailed assessment of the ecological conditions of each area of the lake ecosystem; it helps to discover potential ecological problem areas, providing a key direction for treatment and protection work; through the assessment results, targeted protection measures can be formulated to improve the stability and sustainability of the lake ecosystem.

[0113] Furthermore, as Figure 5As shown in the figure, in the method for monitoring the ecological restoration of plateau lakes in this embodiment, the process of constructing the target plateau lake ecological model in step S201 specifically includes the following steps:

[0114] Step S2011: Create the vector boundary conditions of the target lake, combine historical satellite data to generate the water level and area change sequences of the lake, and establish a hydrodynamic model based on the analysis results of the lake's water storage capacity and combined with the physical characteristics of the lake;

[0115] Step S2012: Use vertical averaging to simulate the interaction between wetland plants, pollutants and changes in water area conditions. On the basis of the hydrodynamic model, add the analysis results of the water area environment to construct the target plateau lake ecological model to describe the environmental conditions of the plateau lake;

[0116] Step S2013: Calibrate and verify the model by comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data; analyze the target plateau lake at multiple scales, integrate data and information at different scales, and conduct a comprehensive assessment of the target plateau lake.

[0117] Preferably, in step S2011 of this embodiment, the vector boundary conditions of the target lake are created to provide accurate geographical boundaries for analysis; combined with historical satellite data, the water level and area change sequences of the lake are generated to reveal the historical laws of the dynamic changes of the lake; based on the analysis results of the lake's water storage capacity and physical characteristics, a hydrodynamic model is established to simulate the dynamic processes such as the water flow and water level of the lake; in step S2012, the vertical averaging method is used to simulate the interaction between wetland plants, pollutants and water area conditions, increasing the ecological complexity of the model; on the basis of the hydrodynamic model, the analysis results of the water area environment are added to construct an ecological model to comprehensively describe the environmental conditions of the lake; in step S2013, the model is calibrated and verified by comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model; the lake is analyzed at multiple scales, data and information at different scales are integrated, and a comprehensive assessment is carried out.

[0118] In summary, step S2011 of this embodiment provides basic data and dynamic simulation tools for the analysis of the lake ecological environment; helps to understand the physical characteristics and dynamic change laws of the lake, providing a scientific basis for ecological protection and management; step S2012 improves the model's prediction ability for changes in the lake ecological environment; provides a more refined simulation and prediction tool for the protection, restoration and management of the lake ecosystem; step S2013 improves the accuracy and credibility of the model prediction results, provides a cross-scale and comprehensive assessment method for lake management, and helps to formulate more scientific and reasonable lake protection and management strategies.

[0119] Further, the process of combining the water area environment analysis result with the hydrodynamic model in step S2012 specifically includes the following steps:

[0120] Step S20121: Use the vector boundary of the lake, the water level change sequence, the water storage analysis result, etc. to construct the hydrodynamic model of the lake; simulate the physical processes such as the water flow, waves, and wind-driven current in the lake to generate the hydrodynamic state of the lake (such as flow velocity, flow direction, water depth distribution, etc.); collect the observed data of water quality indicators such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, and nutrient salt concentration in the lake; collect the distribution and dynamic change data of ecological factors such as phytoplankton, benthic organisms, and fish; collect the data such as the concentration, diffusion path, and sedimentation rate of pollutants (such as nutrient salts and heavy metals) in the lake;

[0121] Step S20122: Based on the water flow conditions of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the growth, reproduction, and death processes of wetland plants; calculate the growth rate of plants according to environmental factors such as water temperature, light, and nutrient salt concentration; simulate the reproduction (such as seed diffusion) and death (such as being washed away by water flow or lack of nutrients) processes of plants; simulate the purification effect of plants on water quality, for example, by absorbing nutrient salts and releasing oxygen; based on the flow velocity and flow direction of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the diffusion process of pollutants in the water body; according to the lake bottom sediment characteristics and water flow conditions, simulate the sedimentation rate of pollutants; simulate the adsorption effect of pollutants on the lake bottom sediment or plant surface;

[0122] Step S20123: On the basis of the hydrodynamic model, adopt the vertical averaging method to couple the simulation results of wetland plants, pollutants, and water quality parameters with the hydrodynamic model; generate the results such as the hydrodynamic state of the lake, water quality parameters, ecological factor distribution, and pollutant migration path;

[0123] Plant layer: Simulate the growth, reproduction, and death processes of plants, as well as the purification effect on water quality;

[0124] Water body layer: Simulate the dynamic changes of water quality parameters (such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient salt concentration);

[0125] Bottom sediment layer: Simulate the sedimentation, adsorption, and transformation processes of pollutants;

[0126] Preferably, the specific process of combining the water environment analysis results with the hydrodynamic model in this embodiment is a multi-level and multi-dimensional coupling task; through vertical averaging simulation, dynamic feedback mechanism, and multi-layer coupling model, a comprehensive simulation of the plateau lake ecosystem is achieved. The combination not only improves the accuracy and reliability of the model but also provides a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development of plateau lakes. The specific combination process: Integrate the water environment analysis results (such as water quality parameters, ecological factors, and pollutant data) with the input data of the hydrodynamic model; The vertical averaging simulation uses the vertical averaging method to simulate the interaction between wetland plants, pollutants, and water conditions; The dynamic feedback mechanism realizes the dynamic coupling of the model through plant-water quality feedback, pollutant-water quality feedback, and ecological factor-hydrodynamic feedback; The multi-layer coupling model couples the hydrodynamic model with the ecological model to construct a comprehensive plateau lake ecological model; Model output and optimization: By comparing the model prediction results with the actual observation data, optimize the model parameters to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0127] Further, as Figure 6 shown, in the method for monitoring the ecological restoration of plateau lakes in this embodiment, the process of evaluating the divided water areas in step S203 specifically includes the following steps:

[0128] Step S2031: Use ecological function indicators such as the water storage capacity, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental status of the target plateau lake to evaluate the ecological system response in different water depth areas;

[0129] Step S2032: Identify the key parameters affecting the ecological system based on the ecological function indicators, establish the connection between the ecological function indicators and the ecological status, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to calculate the impact of changes in the ecological function indicators on the ecological status;

[0130] Step S2033: Conduct a multi-scale comprehensive evaluation of the ecological system service functions of different regional waters according to the water storage capacity and environmental status of the target plateau lake.

[0131] Preferably, in step S2031 of this embodiment, by collecting and analyzing various ecological function indicators, the ecological system status of the target plateau lake in different water depth areas can be comprehensively reflected; it helps to more accurately understand the changes in the lake ecological system; in step S2032, by identifying key parameters, it can more accurately understand which factors have the most significant impact on the lake ecological system; establishing the connection between ecological function indicators and ecological status helps to reveal the internal mechanism of the lake ecological system; sensitivity analysis can quantify the impact of changes in ecological function indicators on ecological status, providing a scientific basis for formulating protection measures; the multi-scale comprehensive assessment in step S2033 can comprehensively reflect the service functions of the lake ecological system at different time and space scales; by comprehensively considering factors such as water storage capacity and environmental conditions, the health status and sustainability of the lake ecological system can be more accurately evaluated.

[0132] In summary, in step S2031 of this embodiment, by evaluating the ecological system response in different water depth areas, the spatial distribution characteristics of the lake ecological system can be understood more carefully; step S2032 helps to deeply understand the operation mechanism of the lake ecological system and provides theoretical support for the evaluation of ecosystem service functions; through sensitivity analysis, it can be clarified which changes in ecological function indicators have the greatest impact on the lake ecological system, so as to prioritize attention to these indicators and formulate targeted protection measures; step S2033 provides a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable use of the lake ecological system; through multi-scale comprehensive assessment, the changes in the lake ecological system at different time and space scales can be understood, providing decision-making support for formulating long-term protection plans and policy measures.

[0133] Furthermore, as Figure 7 shown, in the method for monitoring the ecological restoration of the plateau lake in this embodiment, the process of identifying the key parameters affecting the ecosystem in step S2032 specifically includes the following steps:

[0134] Step S20321: Generate a hydrological network of the target plateau lake according to the water storage capacity, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental conditions of the target plateau lake, and use the hydrological network for water flow simulation to obtain hydrological characteristics;

[0135] Step S20322: Based on the water flow simulation results, extract key ecological function indicators, and by comparing the ecosystem responses in different scenarios, identify the ones that have the greatest impact on the target plateau lake as the key parameters of the ecosystem;

[0136] Step S20323: Assign weights to the ecological function indicators, perform raster operations on the ecological function indicators, combine the weight assignment results, calculate the sensitivity index of the ecosystem, and use the natural break classification method to determine the grade division of the ecological sensitivity index.

[0137] Among them, the expression for determining the classification of the ecological sensitivity index:

[0138]

[0139] In the formula, \(n\) represents the number of ecological function indicators; \(m\) represents the number of sub - indicators included in each ecological function indicator; \(w\) i represents the weight of the \(i\) - th ecological function indicator, satisfying \(k\) j represents the weight of the \(j\) - th sub - indicator, satisfying \(F\) ij represents the value of the \(j\) - th sub - indicator in the \(i\) - th ecological function indicator;

[0140] After calculating the ecological sensitivity index, use the natural break classification method to divide the grades. The specific steps are as follows:

[0141] Calculate the distribution representation of the ecological sensitivity index

[0142] Distribution = {E1, E2, E3, …, E M}

[0143] In the formula, \(E\) i represents the ecological sensitivity index of the \(i\) - th grid cell, and \(M\) represents the total number of grid cells;

[0144] Determine the natural breaks. Use the natural break classification method to calculate the quantiles or standard deviations of the ecological sensitivity index to determine the break points. For example:

[0145] Break points = {Q1, Q2, Q3}

[0146] In the formula, Q1 represents the 25th percentile; Q2 represents the 50th percentile (median); Q3 represents the 75th percentile;

[0147] Divide the grades. According to the determined break points, divide the ecological sensitivity index into several grades;

[0148]

[0149] It is possible to calculate the ecological sensitivity index of each grid cell and use the natural break classification method to divide it into four grades: "low sensitivity", "medium sensitivity", "high sensitivity" and "extremely high sensitivity"; not only considering multiple ecological function indicators and their sub - indicators, but also introducing weight allocation and the natural break classification method, which can more comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the sensitivity of the ecosystem.

[0150] Preferably, in step S20321 of this embodiment, hydrological simulation is carried out according to key factors such as the water storage capacity, water quality, regional salinity, and environmental conditions of the lake to predict and reflect the hydrological characteristics of the lake; in step S20322, based on the water flow simulation results, ecological function indicators that have important impacts on the lake ecosystem are extracted; by comparing the ecosystem responses under different scenarios, the key parameters that have the greatest impact on the lake ecosystem can be identified; in step S20323, weight distribution is carried out on the ecological function indicators, which reflects the importance of each indicator in the ecosystem; through grid operation and the weight distribution results, the sensitivity index of the ecosystem is calculated, which can comprehensively reflect the sensitivity degree of the lake ecosystem; the natural break classification method is used to classify the sensitivity index into levels, making the results more intuitive and easy to understand.

[0151] In summary, step S20321 of this embodiment helps to formulate effective ecological protection and management strategies; step S20322 helps to determine which factors or variables are the most critical for the stability and health of the lake ecosystem, so that targeted protection measures can be taken; it provides a scientific basis for ecosystem management and restoration work, helps to optimize resource allocation and improve protection efficiency; the calculation and classification of the ecosystem sensitivity index in step S20323 helps to identify sensitive areas and vulnerable links in the lake ecosystem, providing an important reference for ecological protection work; by classifying into levels, more targeted ecological protection measures can be formulated and implemented, improving the pertinence and effectiveness of protection work; it helps to improve the public's awareness and participation in the protection of the lake ecosystem and promote the sustainable development of the lake ecosystem.

[0152] Furthermore, as Figure 8 shown, in the method for monitoring the ecological restoration of plateau lakes in this embodiment, the process of evaluating the divided water areas in step S203 specifically includes the following steps:

[0153] Step S301: Calculate the comprehensive demand index of the water ecosystem. Based on the comprehensive demand index, trend statistics are carried out to find three mutation points, and high, medium, and low ecological restoration thresholds are respectively assigned, and the ecological restoration is divided into four levels;

[0154] Step S302: Divide the four levels into intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, mild intervention restoration, and natural restoration; and after comparing the evaluation results of each divided water area, classify them into each evaluation level;

[0155] Step S303: Display the evaluation levels of each divided water area on a visualization device, and highlight the waters that require intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, and mild intervention restoration according to the brightness level; the mild restoration waters are only marked but not highlighted.

[0156] Preferably, in step S301 of this embodiment, the comprehensive demand index of the water ecosystem is calculated, which helps to quantify the healthy or damaged state of the water ecosystem; based on the comprehensive demand index, trend statistics are carried out, which can reveal the change trend of the ecosystem over time; three mutation points are found and three ecological restoration thresholds of high, medium and low are assigned, providing a clear reference standard for ecological restoration; the ecological restoration is divided into four levels, which is convenient for subsequent classification management and intervention; in step S302, the four levels are divided into intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, mild intervention restoration and natural restoration, clarifying the restoration measures to be taken at different levels; after comparing the evaluation results of each divided water area and classifying them into each evaluation level, the accurate classification of the water ecosystem is realized; in step S303, the evaluation levels of each divided water area are displayed on the visualization device, which is convenient to intuitively understand the state of the water ecosystem; the water areas that need intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration and mild intervention restoration are highlighted, which can quickly attract attention; the mild restoration is only marked but not highlighted, which not only retains the information but also avoids visual interference.

[0157] In summary, in step S301 of this embodiment, through the quantification and trend analysis of the ecosystem demand, the state of the water ecosystem can be evaluated more accurately; setting the ecological restoration threshold and level division provides a basis for formulating a scientific and reasonable ecological restoration strategy; in step S302, through the accurate classification of the water ecosystem, different restoration measures can be taken according to different situations, improving the restoration effect; clarifying the restoration measures to be taken at each level helps to standardize and standardize the ecological restoration work; in step S303, through visual display, the transparency and supervision of the ecological restoration work are improved; highlighting the water areas that need key attention helps decision-makers to make quick responses and optimize resource allocation.

[0158] As Figure 9 shown, this embodiment also provides an embodiment of the plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring system. In this embodiment, the plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring system is applied to the plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring method in the above-mentioned embodiment. The plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring system specifically includes:

[0159] An image acquisition module 1, configured to acquire target plateau lake images and spectral image data, and perform preprocessing; perform water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the acquired image data and spectral image data;

[0160] An ecological evaluation module 2, configured to construct a target plateau lake ecological model according to the water area analysis result after the water storage capacity and environmental analysis, and segment the ecological model by water area, and perform ecological evaluation on different water areas of the ecological model;

[0161] The repair determination module 3 is used to merge the evaluation results of different water areas and display them in the form of grades, which are divided into four grades from high to low. A repair threshold is set. If the evaluation grade of the target water area is lower than the repair threshold, it will be highlighted, and its ecological problems and repair methods will be displayed.

[0162] Preferably, the image acquisition module 1 in this embodiment acquires the images and spectral image data of the target plateau lake through specific technical means and performs necessary preprocessing to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data; based on the preprocessed data, a detailed analysis of the water storage capacity of the lake and its surrounding environment is carried out to provide a basis for the construction of the ecological model; the ecological evaluation module 2 constructs an ecological model of the target plateau lake according to the water storage capacity and environmental analysis results to comprehensively reflect the ecological status of the lake; the ecological model is segmented by water area, and ecological evaluations are carried out on different water areas to understand the ecological differences and problems of each water area; the repair determination module 3 merges the evaluation results of different water areas and divides them into four grades in descending order to more intuitively understand the ecological status of the lake; a repair threshold is set, and the target water area with an evaluation grade lower than the repair threshold is highlighted, and its ecological problems and repair methods are displayed.

[0163] In summary, the image acquisition module 1 in this embodiment provides accurate data of the lake and its environment. The analysis of water storage capacity and environment helps to initially understand the ecological status of the lake and provides a reference for the construction of the ecological model; the construction of the ecological model by the ecological evaluation module 2 helps to more intuitively understand the overall ecological situation of the lake; the water area segmentation and ecological evaluation can reveal the ecological differences in different regions within the lake and provide a basis for formulating targeted repair strategies; the merging and grading of the evaluation results by the repair determination module 3 helps to quickly identify the ecological problems of the lake and provides an intuitive reference for decision-makers; the setting of the repair threshold and highlighting can prominently display the ecological problem areas that need to be prioritized and provide a clear direction for formulating the repair plan; displaying the ecological problems and repair methods helps to guide the actual repair work and improve the repair efficiency and effect.

[0164] As Figure 10 shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an electronic device. In this embodiment, the electronic device 4 includes a processor 41 and a memory 42 coupled to the processor 41.

[0165] The memory 42 stores program instructions for implementing the plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring method of any of the above embodiments.

[0166] The processor 41 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory 42 to perform the plateau lake ecological restoration monitoring method.

[0167] Among them, the processor 41 can also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor 41 may be an integrated circuit chip with the ability to process signals. The processor 41 can also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0168] Furthermore, Figure 11 FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium 5 of the embodiment of the present application stores program instructions 51 that can implement all the above methods. Among them, the program instructions 51 can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, or a terminal device such as a computer, a server, a mobile phone, or a tablet.

[0169] In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be in an electrical, mechanical, or other form.

[0170] In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit. The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and thus does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0171] The specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above. However, these are only examples, and the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications or substitutions to the invention are also within the scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations, modifications, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should be covered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the ecological restoration of plateau lakes, characterized in that, The ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes includes: Obtaining the target plateau lake image and spectral image data, and performing preprocessing; performing water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the obtained image data and spectral image data; According to the water area analysis results after water storage capacity and environmental analysis, constructing an ecological model for the target plateau lake, segmenting the ecological model by water area, and performing ecological assessment on different water areas of the ecological model; Combining the evaluation results of different water areas and displaying them in the form of grades, dividing them into four grades from high to low, setting a restoration threshold. If the evaluation grade of the target water area is lower than the restoration threshold, highlight it and display its ecological problems and restoration methods.

2. The ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes according to claim 1, wherein, The process of performing water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the obtained image data and spectral image data includes: Identifying the pure water area in the preprocessed image, cropping the water body and performing binarization processing, calculating the water depth of each independent water body in the binary image of the water body, combining the area of each independent water body to obtain the water storage capacity of each independent water body, and summing to obtain the total water storage capacity of the entire lake; Using multi-spectral reflection data for supervised classification, outputting the preliminary classification result; performing ratio operation based on the near-infrared band and red wave band in the image to obtain the reflectance, and obtaining the pollution degree in the water area according to the reflectance; Measuring the water quality of different regions of the target lake, calculating the relationship between the measured values of reflectance in different bands and temperature, salinity, and ambient light ability, classifying and verifying the results, and outputting the water storage capacity and environmental analysis information of the water body.

3. The monitoring method for ecological restoration of plateau lakes according to claim 2, wherein, The process of using multi-spectral reflection data for supervised classification includes: Performing radiometric correction on the multi-spectral image of the target plateau lake to adjust the brightness and contrast of the image, removing the atmospheric influence, and obtaining the water body reflectance data; Placing the collected plateau lake water body image and multi-spectral image in the same coordinate system, and superimposing and comparing the images obtained at different times and by different sensors; Using the supervised classification method, combining historical data, performing preliminary classification on the water body in the superimposed image, merging the preliminary classification results to generate the final classification result, and outputting after verifying the accuracy of the final result.

4. The monitoring method for ecological restoration of plateau lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing ecological assessment includes: According to the water storage capacity analysis result of the lake, combining the physical characteristics of the lake, establishing a hydrodynamic model; adding the water area environmental analysis result, constructing an ecological model for the target plateau lake, and calibrating and verifying the model by comparing the model prediction result with the actual observation data; Obtaining the water depth data of the target plateau lake, dividing the water area according to different water depth values, marking the different water depths from deep to shallow according to the color from deep to shallow, and then evenly dividing the areas with the same water depth value; Based on the ecological function indicators of the water storage capacity, water quality status, and environmental status of the target plateau lake, identifying the key parameters affecting the ecosystem, and evaluating the divided water area.

5. The monitoring method for ecological restoration of plateau lakes according to claim 4, wherein The process of constructing an ecological model for the target plateau lake includes: Creating the vector boundary condition of the target lake, combining historical satellite data, generating the water level and area change sequence of the lake, according to the water storage capacity analysis result of the lake, combining the physical characteristics of the lake, and establishing a hydrodynamic model; Vertical averaging is used to simulate the interaction between wetland plants, pollutants, and changes in water conditions. Based on the hydrodynamic model, the analysis results of the water environment are incorporated to construct the target plateau lake ecological model to describe the environmental conditions of the plateau lake. The model is calibrated and verified by comparing the model prediction results with the actual observed data. The target plateau lake is analyzed at multiple scales, integrating data and information at different scales to comprehensively evaluate the target plateau lake.

6. The method for monitoring the ecological restoration of plateau lakes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of combining the analysis results of the water environment with the hydrodynamic model includes: Using the vector boundary of the lake, the water level change sequence, and the analysis results of water storage volume to construct the hydrodynamic model of the lake; simulating the water flow, waves, and wind biological processes of the lake to generate the hydrodynamic state of the lake; collecting the observed data of water quality indicators such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, and nutrient salt concentration in the lake; collecting the distribution and dynamic change data of ecological factors such as phytoplankton, benthic organisms, and fish; collecting the concentration, diffusion path, and sedimentation rate data of pollutants in the lake. Based on the water flow conditions of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the growth, reproduction, and death processes of wetland plants; calculate the growth rate of plants according to environmental factors such as water temperature, light, and nutrient salt concentration; simulate the reproduction and death processes of plants; simulate the purification effect of plants on water quality; based on the flow velocity and direction of the hydrodynamic model, simulate the diffusion process of pollutants in the water body; simulate the sedimentation rate of pollutants according to the characteristics of the lake bottom sediment and water flow conditions; simulate the adsorption of pollutants on the lake bottom sediment or plant surface. Based on the hydrodynamic model, the vertical averaging method is used to couple the simulation results of wetland plants, pollutants, and water quality parameters with the hydrodynamic model; generate the results of the hydrodynamic state of the lake, water quality parameters, distribution of ecological factors, and pollutant migration paths.

7. The ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes according to claim 4, wherein The process of evaluating the divided water areas includes: Using the ecological function indicators such as the water storage volume, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental status of the target plateau lake to evaluate the ecosystem response of different water depth areas. Based on the ecological function indicators, identify the key parameters affecting the ecosystem, establish the relationship between the ecological function indicators and the ecological status, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to calculate the impact results of the change in ecological function indicators on the ecological status. According to the water storage volume and environmental status of the target plateau lake, conduct a multi-scale comprehensive assessment of the ecosystem service functions of different regional waters of the plateau lake.

8. The monitoring method for ecological restoration of plateau lakes according to claim 7, wherein The process of identifying the key parameters affecting the ecosystem includes: Generate the hydrological network of the target plateau lake according to the water storage volume, water quality status, regional salinity, and environmental status of the target plateau lake, use the hydrological network to conduct water flow simulation, and obtain the hydrological characteristics. Based on the water flow simulation results, extract the key ecological function indicators, and identify the ones that have the greatest impact on the target plateau lake as the key parameters of the ecosystem by comparing the ecosystem responses under different scenarios. Assign weights to the ecological function indicators, perform raster operations on the ecological function indicators, combine the weight assignment results, calculate the sensitivity index of the ecosystem, and use the natural break classification method to determine the grade division of the ecological sensitivity index.

9. The ecological restoration monitoring method for plateau lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of evaluating the divided water areas includes: Calculating the comprehensive demand index of the water ecosystem. Based on the comprehensive demand index, conducting trend statistics, finding three mutation points, respectively assigning high, medium, and low ecological restoration thresholds, and dividing ecological restoration into four levels; Dividing the four levels into intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, mild intervention restoration, and natural restoration; and classifying the evaluation results of each divided water area into each evaluation level after comparing the levels; Displaying the evaluation levels of each divided water area on a visualization device, and highlighting the waters that require intensive intervention restoration, moderate intervention restoration, and mild intervention restoration according to the brightness level; only marking but not highlighting the mildly restored waters.

10. A monitoring system for ecological restoration of plateau lakes, which is applied to the method for monitoring ecological restoration of plateau lakes as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that, The ecological restoration monitoring system for plateau lakes includes: An image acquisition module, which is used to acquire the target plateau lake image and spectral image data, and perform preprocessing; conduct water storage capacity and environmental analysis on the acquired image data and spectral image data; An ecological evaluation module, which is used to construct a target plateau lake ecological model based on the water area analysis results after water storage capacity and environmental analysis, and segment the ecological model by water area, and conduct ecological evaluation on different water areas of the ecological model; A restoration determination module, which is used to display the evaluation results of different water areas in the form of levels after merging, divide them into four levels from high to low, set a restoration threshold, if the evaluation level of the target water area is lower than the restoration threshold, then highlight it and display its ecological problems and restoration methods.

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