Radiating element, dual-polarized antenna array and electromagnetic wave circular polarization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a radiating element, a dual-polarized antenna array and a circular polarization method of electromagnetic waves. The radiation element comprises: a radiation patch for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and switching a radiation mode of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization; the metal reflector is used for reflecting the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, and the metal reflector is located below the radiation patch; the microstrip line is used for transmitting an excitation signal to the radiation patch, and the microstrip line is located on the printed circuit board on the back surface of the metal reflector; and the 3dB branch line coupler is used for dividing one path of input signal into two paths of output signals with equal amplitude, a 90-degree phase difference is introduced between the two paths of output signals, and the 3dB branch line coupler is connected with the microstrip line. According to the dual-polarized antenna, the technical problem that the port isolation and the polarization isolation corresponding to the antenna are low when the low-profile working characteristic of a traditional dual-polarized antenna is ensured is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a radiation element, a dual-polarized antenna array, and a method for circularly polarizing electromagnetic waves. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of wireless communication rates, dual-polarized antennas have a wider application prospect in technical fields such as autonomous driving, factory automation, urban intelligence, and 6G (Sixth Generation Wireless System). Among them, low profile and high bandwidth are two important working requirements for patch antennas. A low profile can reduce the processing requirements and costs of antennas, while high bandwidth can cover the working bandwidths of different application fields.

[0003] However, low profile and high bandwidth are two conflicting design requirements in the field of antenna design. In the process of traditional dual-polarized antenna design, in order to meet the working requirements of low profile and high bandwidth of the antenna, existing microstrip antenna design methods can introduce new resonance points by means of techniques such as slotting on the radiation patch included in the radiation element constituting the antenna, loading short-circuit probes, introducing parasitic patches, or slotting on the floor patch (i.e., metal reflector), so as to improve the working bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. However, the above design methods will all cause the deterioration of the isolation between different ports in the antenna and the deterioration of the polarization isolation of the antenna radiation pattern, thus resulting in the technical problem of low port and polarization isolation during the operation of the dual-polarized antenna.

[0004] For the above problems, no effective solutions have been proposed yet. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a radiation element, a dual-polarized antenna array, and a method for circularly polarizing electromagnetic waves, so as to at least solve the technical problem of low port isolation and polarization isolation of the corresponding antenna when the traditional dual-polarized antenna ensures the working characteristics of a low profile.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a radiation element is provided, including: a radiation patch for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and switching the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization; a metal reflector for reflecting the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, the metal reflector being located below the radiation patch; a microstrip line for transmitting an excitation signal to the radiation patch, the microstrip line being located on a printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector; a 3dB branch-line coupler for dividing an input signal into two equal-amplitude output signals and introducing a 90° phase difference between the two output signals, the 3dB branch-line coupler being connected to the microstrip line.

[0007] Optionally, the radiation element further includes: an additional patch for determining the operating bandwidth of the radiation element, where the additional patch is located above the radiation patch / the additional patch is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

[0008] Optionally, the radiation patch includes: L feeder lines, where L is a positive integer, and each of the L feeder lines bends downward at 90°, and the L feeder lines are connected in a diagonal form through microstrip lines.

[0009] Optionally, the microstrip line includes: an impedance transformer for reducing the loss of the signal propagating in the microstrip line; a matching circuit for compensating for the impedance change of the radiation element at different operating bandwidths.

[0010] Optionally, the branch impedance of the 3dB branch-line coupler is less than a preset impedance.

[0011] Optionally, the metal reflector includes: L + 1 transmission line holes, where the L + 1 transmission line holes are used to connect the L feeder lines and the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

[0012] Optionally, the shape of the additional patch is circular or rectangular.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a dual-polaron array is further provided. The dual-polaron array includes M radiation elements, where M is a positive integer, and the M radiation elements are connected through a power divider, and the power divider is used to equally divide the power of the input signal.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, a dual-polarized antenna array is further provided. The dual-polarized antenna array includes N dual-polaron arrays, where N is a positive integer, and the N dual-polaron arrays are connected through a power divider.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for circularly polarizing electromagnetic waves is further provided. The method includes: emitting electromagnetic waves through the radiation patch in the radiation element; dividing an input signal into two equal-amplitude output signals through the 3dB branch-line coupler in the radiation element, and introducing a 90° phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal, where the input signal is the electromagnetic wave input to the 3dB branch-line coupler; transmitting the excitation signal to the radiation patch through the microstrip line in the radiation element, where the microstrip line is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector in the radiation element, and the metal reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, and the metal reflector is located below the radiation patch; switching the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave from linear polarization to circular polarization based on the excitation signal through the radiation patch.

[0016] As can be seen from the above, the present application provides a design solution for a radiation element, a dual-polarization array, and a dual-polarization antenna. The radiation element in the present application has a simple structure, including a radiation patch, a metal reflector, a microstrip line, and a 3 dB branch-line coupler. Compared with the radiation element in the prior art, the metal reflector in the present application is separately located below the radiation patch, and the microstrip line in the present application is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector. The microstrip line and the radiation patch exist independently. While meeting the working requirements of a low profile, the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation unit is reduced, thereby reducing the mutual coupling effect between multiple radiation elements included in the designed dual-polarization antenna, and achieving the purpose of improving the port isolation degree of the dual-polarization array / dual-polarization antenna composed of multiple radiation elements during the working process.

[0017] In addition, the technical solution of the present application also divides the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler, and introduces an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal, and transmits the excitation signal to the radiation patch through the microstrip line connected to the 3 dB branch-line coupler, thereby exciting the radiation patch to work, enabling the radiation patch to radiate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, and then switching the radiation mode of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization through the introduced phase difference, thereby improving the polarization isolation degree and enabling it to maintain good radiation efficiency within a wider frequency range, thus indirectly improving the bandwidth characteristics of the dual-polarization antenna.

[0018] It can be seen that the present application improves the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation element by separately arranging the metal reflector below the radiation patch and arranging the microstrip line on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector, and divides the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler and introduces an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals, thereby designing an antenna that has both low-profile and high-bandwidth characteristics and can maintain good circular polarization quality, thus achieving the technical effect of improving the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the designed dual-polarization antenna, and further solving the technical problem that the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the corresponding traditional dual-polarization antenna are low when ensuring the low-profile working characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional radiation patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optional radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optional metal reflector according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a bottom view of an optional metal reflector according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a bottom view of an optional additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optional 1*3 dual-polaron array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a bottom view of an optional 1*3 dual-polaron array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optional antenna array with a circular additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 9 It is a flowchart of an optional circular polarization method of electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 10 It is a side view of an optional radiation element with an additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 11 It is a top view of an optional radiation patch without an additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of excitation microstrip conductors on both sides of an optional anti-phase excitation radiation patch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of a 3dB branch-line coupler excited patch connected to a microstrip line according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 14 It is a top view of an optional 2*2 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 15 It is a bottom view of an optional 2*2 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 16 It is a top view of an optional 5*5 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 17 It is a bottom view of an optional 5×5 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0039] It should also be noted that the relevant information (including but not limited to the information for display and analysis) and data (including but not limited to the data for display and analysis) involved in the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. For example, an interface is set between the present system and relevant users or institutions. Before obtaining relevant information, a request for obtaining needs to be sent to the aforementioned users or institutions through the interface, and after receiving the consent information feedback from the aforementioned users or institutions, the relevant information can be obtained.

[0040] In addition, the processes of collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and application of the relevant information and relevant data involved in the present application all comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant regions, and necessary confidentiality measures are taken, without violating public order and good customs. In addition, the present application provides a corresponding operation entry for the user to choose to agree to authorize or refuse to authorize. If the user chooses to refuse to authorize, it will enter the corresponding expert decision-making process.

[0041] The explanations of the professional terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0042] PCB (Printed Circuit Board): A printed circuit board is a basic platform used to support and connect electronic components in electronic devices. It consists of an insulating substrate with conductive paths (called "traces" or "routes"), pads, and component mounting areas printed on it. PCB allows electronic components to be connected to each other through preset lines without the need for complex wiring, thereby simplifying the assembly process of electronic equipment and improving reliability and production efficiency.

[0043] MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output): MIMO technology is a wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends to improve the capacity, range and reliability of wireless communications. In a MIMO system, signals are sent and received simultaneously through multiple antennas. These signals are spatially encoded and decoded to utilize spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing, thereby improving data transmission rates and the overall performance of the communication system. MIMO technology is one of the key technologies in modern wireless communication systems, including 4G, 5G and the upcoming 6G networks.

[0044] BFN (Beam Forming Network): A beamforming network is a circuit or network used to control the radiation direction and pattern of an antenna array. In MIMO systems and radar technology, BFN combines multiple input signals by adjusting the phase and amplitude to form an electromagnetic beam pointing in a specific direction, thereby achieving the transmission and reception of spatial directional signals. This technology is of great significance for improving the signal transmission distance, anti-interference ability and communication quality.

[0045] CP (Circular Polarization): Circular polarization is a polarization mode of electromagnetic waves. The electric field vector rotates in a circular trajectory in the propagation direction. Circular polarization can be further divided into RHCP (Right-Hand Circular Polarization) and LHCP (Left-Hand Circular Polarization). In the circularly polarized electric field, the rotation direction of the electric field vector is fixed relative to the propagation direction of the wave. The electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave describes a circular trajectory within one cycle. Compared with linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves have better resistance to multipath effects, can penetrate adverse weather conditions such as rain and fog, reduce signal interference, and thus provide more stable wireless communication performance.

[0046] LP (Linear Polarization): Linear polarization refers to the polarization mode in which the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave vibrates along a fixed direction during propagation. When an electromagnetic wave propagates in the air, if its electric field vector always vibrates on a straight-line path without rotating over time, then this electromagnetic wave is considered to propagate in a linearly polarized manner. Linearly polarized electromagnetic waves can propagate in any direction. In fact, linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are usually designed to be vertically polarized or horizontally polarized.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment, a design method of a single-layer high-isolation dual-polarized antenna is disclosed. The single-layer high-isolation dual-polarized antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, a metal ground is provided on one side of the dielectric substrate, a radiation patch is provided on the other side of the dielectric substrate, a slit with a target shape is provided at the center position of the radiation patch, through holes are opened on both sides of the feeding port at the edge of the radiation patch, and the through holes extend to the metal ground to form a defected ground structure. Metal posts are placed in the through holes, and a feeding line is provided above the metal posts. The feeding line is connected to the radiation patch below the metal ground through the metal posts.

[0048] However, although the above embodiment improves the port isolation of the antenna after introducing the continuous current band, it cannot meet the usage requirements of high bandwidth.

[0049] In an alternative embodiment, a design method of a dual-polarized patch antenna is disclosed. The dual-polarized patch antenna includes: a parasitic patch, a radiation patch, probes, feeding lines, an antenna reflector, a ground plane, fixing posts, insulating fixing shells, and radiation isolation walls. The parasitic patch, the radiation patch, the antenna reflector, and the ground plane are arranged in parallel in sequence and are sequentially penetrated by the fixing posts. The probes extend from the fixing posts to both sides respectively, and the probes are connected to the feeding lines. The radiation isolation walls include a first radiation isolation wall and a second radiation isolation wall, both of which are attached to the side of the antenna reflector facing away from the ground plane and extend along the perpendicular bisector direction of the line connecting the ends of the two probes. The first radiation isolation wall penetrates the fixing posts, and the second radiation isolation wall is located at the end of the first radiation isolation wall away from the probes. The insulating fixing shells wrap the fixing posts and the probes.

[0050] However, although the above embodiment improves the isolation between ports, the manufacturing process is complex and the cost is high, and it cannot meet the design requirements of low profile.

[0051] In an alternative embodiment, a design method for a dual-circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array applied to the S-band of satellite communication is disclosed. The radiation element used in this antenna design method includes two stacked patches, radiating two linearly orthogonal polarizations. Sixteen patches are connected in parallel through two 16-way power dividers. The BFN only includes one coupler, which converts the two linearly orthogonal polarizations into RHCP and LHCP. This design provides good radiation performance for a small antenna array with a short BFN.

[0052] However, when applying the antenna array design method in the above embodiment, the BFN of a 5*5 antenna array includes multiple power dividers connected by long transmission lines. The electrical length of this BFN exceeds one thousand degrees. Production tolerances can change the electrical length of the long circuit and can cause a difference in the phases of the two linearly orthogonal polarizations of the coupler. Therefore, the phase difference between the two linearly orthogonal polarizations on the patch antenna will not be equal to 90°, resulting in a decline in the quality of the RHCP and LHCP radiated by the antenna array. In addition, since the ports of the coupler are connected to a long and complex circuit, the isolation between other ports also depends on production tolerances. Therefore, all the performances of a large antenna array including patches radiating two linearly orthogonal polarizations and a coupler are very sensitive to production tolerances.

[0053] In summary, in the case where the ultra-large-scale MIMO array technology is widely adopted in 6G mobile communication antennas, the ideal 6G mobile communication antenna design needs to comply with the following principles:

[0054] (1) Miniaturization, low profile, and easy integration: In practical applications, reducing the aperture size of the antenna array to miniaturize the antenna array and simultaneously reducing the profile to integrate it with the active beamforming network can reduce the volume and distribution space of the entire communication system and facilitate the integration of each module in the communication system. In addition, in a two-way communication system, when the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna share the same aperture, the total space occupied by the antenna will be reduced by two times, thus reducing the space occupancy cost of the two-way communication system.

[0055] (2) High isolation and low mutual coupling: In existing MIMO systems, the mutual coupling between antenna elements not only reduces the channel isolation but also reduces the communication efficiency of the entire system. Currently, the technical solution of dipole antennas is widely used for base station antenna elements. Their height and area are proportional to the wavelength, with a high profile and large volume, and strong mutual coupling between elements, making it difficult to improve the isolation. The antenna pattern is prone to distortion, which seriously affects the performance of the antenna array. In addition, the installation of dipole antennas in the prior art is complex, with poor consistency, and it is difficult to integrate with active system modules, making it difficult to meet the integration requirements of MIMO systems.

[0056] (3) Circular polarization of electromagnetic waves and small occupied space: In existing two-way communication systems, receiving antennas and transmitting antennas usually operate at different frequencies. Radiation of orthogonal polarization can improve the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna. Therefore, circular polarization of electromagnetic waves is an ideal design choice.

[0057] The present application provides a radiation element for implementing the circular polarization method of electromagnetic waves in the present application. The radiation element includes a radiation patch, a metal reflector, a microstrip line, and a 3dB branch-line coupler.

[0058] Optionally, the radiation patch is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves and switch the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization; the metal reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, and the metal reflector is located below the radiation patch; the microstrip line is used to transmit the excitation signal to the radiation patch, and the microstrip line is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector; the 3dB branch-line coupler is used to divide an input signal into two equal-amplitude output signals and introduce a 90° phase difference between the two output signals, and the 3dB branch-line coupler is connected to the microstrip line.

[0059] Optionally, the radiation patch, also known as the metal patch emitter / patch emitter / excitation patch, is a key component in the antenna system and is directly responsible for the radiation of electromagnetic waves. The radiation patch in the present application is set to have a structure with four metal strips (i.e., feeder lines), and these metal strips are bent downward (i.e., in the direction of the metal reflector) into a right-angled shape of 90° and connected to the metal reflector.

[0060] Optionally, Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional radiation patch according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 1 shown, 1 is the radiation patch, 2a and 2b are the feeder lines in the radiation patch, and 3 is the feeding foot at the end of the feeder line.

[0061] Optionally, the radiation patch is connected to the BFN through a microstrip line and receives the excitation signal from the BFN. When the excitation signal reaches the radiation patch, it excites the patch to radiate electromagnetic waves. In the present application, the radiation pattern of the radiation patch can be set to linear polarization or changed to circular polarization by adding a polarization conversion circuit.

[0062] Optionally, the metal reflector in the present application is a metal reflector plate with transmission line holes. The metal reflector is located below the radiation patch and is used to improve the antenna pattern and gain. The metal reflector enhances the radiation efficiency of the radiation patch in a specific direction by reflecting electromagnetic waves, while suppressing radiation in other directions, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna. In the present application, the metal reflector is connected to the radiation patch through a metal strip, and the metal reflector also serves to support the radiation patch. Additionally, as an underlying structure independent of the radiation patch, the metal reflector helps reduce the mutual coupling between antenna elements, thereby maintaining high isolation.

[0063] Optionally, Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 2 shown, 4 is an additional patch, 5 is a metal reflector plate, 6 is a transmission line hole on the metal reflector plate for mounting the additional patch, and 7 is a hole for preventing the overlap of PCB contacts on the back of the metal reflector.

[0064] Optionally, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional metal reflector plate according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 3 shown, 5 is a metal reflector plate, 6 is a transmission line hole on the metal reflector plate for mounting the additional patch, 7 is a hole for preventing the overlap of PCB contacts on the back of the metal reflector, and 8 is a PCB contact on the back.

[0065] Optionally, a microstrip line is a planar transmission line structure commonly used in high-frequency and microwave circuits (such as antenna systems). The microstrip line can be printed on the back of the metal reflector in the form of a PCB printed circuit, and the microstrip line can transmit radio frequency signals between the antenna element and the beamforming network. In the present application, the microstrip line is used to connect the radiation patch and the 3dB branch-line coupler, as well as to connect the 3dB branch-line coupler and the power divider. Additionally, the length, width, and characteristic impedance of the microstrip line are determined by the components it matches and connects, thereby reducing the loss during signal transmission and ensuring the performance of the antenna.

[0066] Optionally, a 3dB branch-line coupler can be used for signal distribution and combination, as well as phase and amplitude adjustment in an antenna system. In the present application, the 3dB branch-line coupler is a four-port network. The 3dB branch-line coupler divides the input signal equally into two output signals and introduces a 90° phase difference between the two output signals, thereby achieving the purpose of circular polarization of electromagnetic waves.

[0067] As can be seen from the above, the present application provides a design solution for a radiation element, a dual-polarizer array, and a dual-polarized antenna. The radiation element in the present application has a simple structure, including a radiation patch, a metal reflector, a microstrip line, and a 3 dB branch-line coupler. Compared with the radiation elements in the prior art, the metal reflector in the present application is separately located below the radiation patch, and the microstrip line in the present application is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector. The microstrip line and the radiation patch exist independently. While meeting the working requirements of a low profile, the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation unit is reduced, and further, the mutual coupling effect between multiple radiation elements included in the designed dual-polarized antenna is reduced, achieving the purpose of improving the port isolation degree during the working process of the dual-polarizer array / dual-polarized antenna composed of multiple radiation elements.

[0068] In addition, the technical solution of the present application also divides the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler, and introduces an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal, and transmits the excitation signal to the radiation patch through the microstrip line connected to the 3 dB branch-line coupler, thereby exciting the radiation patch to work, enabling the radiation patch to radiate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, and then switching the radiation mode of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization through the introduced phase difference, thereby improving the polarization isolation degree and enabling it to maintain good radiation efficiency within a wider frequency range, thus indirectly improving the bandwidth characteristics of the dual-polarized antenna.

[0069] It can be seen that the present application improves the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation element by separately arranging the metal reflector below the radiation patch and arranging the microstrip line on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector, and divides the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler and introduces an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals, thereby designing an antenna that has both a low profile, high broadband characteristics, and can maintain good circular polarization quality, thus achieving the technical effect of improving the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the designed dual-polarized antenna, and further solving the technical problem that the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the corresponding traditional dual-polarized antenna are low when ensuring the working characteristics of a low profile.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the radiation element further includes: an additional patch.

[0071] Optionally, the additional patch is used to determine the working bandwidth of the radiation element, and the additional patch is located above the radiation patch / the additional patch is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

[0072] Optionally, the shape of the additional patch can be set to circular, rectangular.

[0073] Optionally, the shape of the additional patch can also be set to other preset shapes other than circular and rectangular shapes.

[0074] Optionally, the shape of the additional patch can also be adjusted according to the thickness of the waterproof cover in the dual-polarized antenna array composed of radiation elements.

[0075] For example, the additional patch in the radiation element can be set as one (or more) metal patches connected above the radiation patch through a dielectric spacer or a support structure (such as a plastic bracket), with a certain distance maintained between the additional patch and the radiation patch. Additionally, the additional patch can also be directly mounted on the printed circuit board or set as an independent metal plate.

[0076] Optionally, the functions of the additional patch are as follows:

[0077] (1) Bandwidth improvement: By introducing the additional patch, the radiation element can generate additional resonance modes on the radiation patch, thereby increasing the resonance points of the antenna, broadening the working bandwidth of the antenna, and thus meeting the application requirements of the 6G high-frequency application bandwidth (6.4 GHz - 7.2 GHz). This characteristic can also be applied to the antenna design in the S band.

[0078] (2) Polarization characteristic enhancement: The additional patch can cooperate with the radiation patch to help achieve the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization. In the radiation element of this application, through connection with a 3dB branch-line coupler, the radiation patch cooperating with the additional patch can radiate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. This characteristic can be applied to the circularly polarized antenna design for 6G space-air integrated satellite communication.

[0079] (3) Isolation improvement: In the dual-polarized antenna design, the additional patch can assist in improving the isolation between different polarization ports, thereby reducing the mutual coupling effect, and further increasing the isolation of the working channels of the antenna composed of the radiation elements and the communication efficiency.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, the radiation patch includes: L feed lines.

[0081] Optionally, L is a positive integer, and each of the L feed lines bends downward at 90°, and the L feed lines are connected in a diagonal form through microstrip lines.

[0082] Optionally, L in the above embodiment is preferably set to 4. The 4 feed lines of the radiation patch that bend downward at 90° mainly have the following functions:

[0083] (1) Support and connection: These 4 feed lines act as supports to stably fix the radiation patch above the metal reflector, ensuring the air gap between the radiation patch and the reflector, which is crucial for the performance of the antenna, such as radiation pattern, bandwidth, and isolation.

[0084] (2) Four-point feeding: Through these 4 feed lines, the radiating patch can achieve four-point feeding, which is different from the traditional one-point or two-point feeding methods. Four-point feeding enables the antenna to be more evenly excited, helps to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna, especially the symmetry and stability of the radiation pattern, and also helps to improve the isolation of the antenna.

[0085] (3) Enhanced linear polarization radiation: When these 4 feed lines are directly connected to the PCB circuit, they can excite the radiating patch to work in a specific mode, making it radiate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0086] (4) Facilitating the integration of the polarization conversion circuit: These 4 feed lines are also the bridges connecting the radiating patch and the polarization conversion circuit. By adjusting the phase relationship of the feed lines, the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization can be achieved.

[0087] In an alternative embodiment, the microstrip line includes: an impedance transformer and a matching circuit.

[0088] Optionally, the impedance transformer is used to reduce the loss of the signal propagating in the microstrip line; the matching circuit is used to compensate for the impedance change of the radiating element under different operating bandwidths.

[0089] Figure 4 is a bottom view of an alternative metal reflector according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 4 shown, 5 is the metal reflector, 9 is the PCB, the 10th transmission line is the first transmission line, the first transmission line is used to excite the +45° inclined polarization, the 11th transmission line is the second transmission line, the second transmission line is used to excite the -45° inclined polarization, the 12th transmission line is the two transmission lines divided from the first transmission line, the 13th transmission line is the two transmission lines divided from the second transmission line, the 12th transmission line can perform phase adjustment in the +45° polarization excitation circuit, the 13th transmission line can perform phase adjustment in the -45° polarization excitation circuit, 14 is the shielding ground point, which is used to prevent the current from flowing from the 12th transmission line to the 13th transmission line, and 15 is the welding point in the PCB for connecting the feed pin to the 12th transmission line and the 13th transmission line.

[0090] Optionally, Figure 5 is a bottom view of an alternative additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 5 shown, the 10th transmission line is the first transmission line, the 11th transmission line is the second transmission line, the 12th transmission line is the two transmission lines divided from the first transmission line, the 13th transmission line is the two transmission lines divided from the second transmission line, 14 is the shielding ground point, 16 is the ground layer of the PCB, and 17 is the pad for welding 15.

[0091] Optionally, the impedance transformer in the above embodiments can ensure impedance matching between the microstrip line and the antenna. Ideal impedance matching can reduce the reflection of signals at the connection between the transmission line and the radiating patch, thereby improving the efficiency of signal transmission to the antenna. The impedance transformer in this application connects the feeder line of the patch transmitter through a diagonal design, thereby helping to adjust the impedance between the radiating element and the beamforming network, and further ensuring smooth signal transmission.

[0092] Optionally, the function of the matching circuit in the above embodiments is as follows:

[0093] (1) Wideband matching: Since the 6G frequency band (6.4 GHz - 7.2 GHz) and the S-band antenna need to cover a relatively wide frequency range, and the matching circuit can optimize the impedance matching within this frequency range, thereby ensuring that the antenna can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves throughout the operating frequency band, improving the bandwidth performance of the antenna, and enabling the antenna to maintain good signal transmission performance within the 6G frequency band (6.4 GHz - 7.2 GHz) or the S-band.

[0094] (2) Polarization conversion support: The matching circuit cooperates with the polarization conversion circuit to support the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization. By adjusting the parameters of the matching circuit in this application, it can be ensured that when connected to a 3dB branch-line coupler, the radiating patch can operate in two linearly orthogonal polarization modes with a phase difference of exactly 90°, thereby achieving the purpose of radiating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0095] (3) Power balance: In the antenna array, the matching circuit also helps to balance the power between different radiating units, thereby ensuring that all units can operate under the same conditions and avoiding pattern distortion and other performance degradation phenomena caused by power imbalance.

[0096] In an optional embodiment, the branch impedance of the 3dB branch-line coupler is less than a preset impedance.

[0097] Optionally, the branch impedance of the 3dB branch-line coupler in this application is less than the branch impedance of the coupler in the prior art, and the functions are as follows:

[0098] (1) Improving return loss: Reducing the branch impedance of the 3dB branch-line coupler helps to improve the return loss, that is, reduce the reflection of signals within the 3dB branch-line coupler. For the 3dB branch-line coupler in this application, reducing the branch impedance makes the simulated and measured return loss better than -21 dB, thereby ensuring the efficiency of signal transmission.

[0099] (2) Improve isolation: The reduction of the branch impedance of the 3 dB branch-line coupler also helps to improve the isolation between ports. In the design of multi-port antennas, high isolation means less interference between signals at ports, which is particularly important for MIMO systems because the mutual coupling between ports will lead to a decrease in communication efficiency. The design in this application can achieve an isolation better than 26 dB, indicating that even under the influence of production tolerances, the radiation elements can still maintain good isolation performance.

[0100] (3) Optimize circular polarization quality: Reducing the branch impedance can reduce the problem of circular polarization quality degradation caused by production tolerances.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, the metal reflector includes: L + 1 transmission line holes.

[0102] Optionally, the L + 1 transmission line holes are used to connect L feed lines and the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

[0103] Optionally, the first L of the L + 1 transmission line holes are as shown by the No. 6 line hole in Figure 3 and the (L + 1)-th transmission line hole among the L + 1 transmission line holes is the central line hole, as shown by the No. 7 line hole in Figure 3

[0104] Optionally, the functions of the transmission line holes are as follows:

[0105] (1) Physical connection: The transmission line holes enable the microstrip line (transmission line) to directly penetrate the metal reflector and make a physical connection directly with the feed lines on the radiation patch. This connection can be achieved by soldering, thus ensuring the reliability of electrical contact and low-loss connection.

[0106] (2) Impedance matching and phase control: By precisely controlling the position and size of the transmission line holes, it is possible to assist in the impedance adjustment of the microstrip line and control the phase difference through signal transmission along different paths.

[0107] (3) Electrical isolation: The L feed lines are connected in a diagonal form, and the central line hole in this application can prevent the connections of the L feed lines from overlapping with each other, achieving the purpose of electrical isolation.

[0108] In an optional embodiment, the dual-polariton array includes M radiation elements, where M is a positive integer, and the M radiation elements are connected through a power divider, and the power divider is used to equally divide the power of the input signal.

[0109] Optionally, Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional 1*3 dual-polariton array according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 6 and 18 is the dual-polariton array including radiation elements.

[0110] In an alternative embodiment, the dual-polarized antenna array includes N dual-polarized sub-arrays, where N is a positive integer, and the N dual-polarized sub-arrays are connected by a power divider.

[0111] Optionally, Figure 7 is a bottom view of an alternative 1*3 dual-polarized sub-array according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 7 shown, the 19th transmission line is the first transmission line, the 20th transmission line is the second transmission line, 21 is a 3-frequency power divider for connecting radiation elements, and 22 is a matching circuit.

[0112] Optionally, Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array with an alternative circular additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0113] According to an embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of a method for circular polarization of electromagnetic waves is also provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0114] Optionally, Figure 9 is a flowchart of an alternative method for circular polarization of electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 9 shown, the method includes:

[0115] Step 901, emitting electromagnetic waves through a radiation patch in a radiation element.

[0116] Step 902, dividing an input signal into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3dB branch-line coupler in the radiation element, and introducing a 90° phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal, where the input signal is the electromagnetic wave input to the 3dB branch-line coupler.

[0117] Step 903, transmitting the excitation signal to the radiation patch through a microstrip line in the radiation element, where the microstrip line is on a printed circuit board on the back of a metal reflector in the radiation element, the metal reflector is used to reflect electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, and the metal reflector is located below the radiation patch;

[0118] Step 904, switching the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave from linear polarization to circular polarization through the radiation patch based on the excitation signal.

[0119] As can be seen from the above, the present application provides a design solution for a radiation element, a dual-polarizer array, and a dual-polarized antenna. The radiation element in the present application has a simple structure and includes a radiation patch, a metal reflector, a microstrip line, and a 3 dB branch-line coupler. Compared with the radiation element in the prior art, the metal reflector in the present application is separately located below the radiation patch, and the microstrip line in the present application is located on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector. The microstrip line and the radiation patch exist independently. While meeting the working requirements of a low profile, the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation unit is reduced, thereby reducing the mutual coupling effect between multiple radiation elements included in the designed dual-polarized antenna, and achieving the purpose of improving the port isolation degree during the operation of the dual-polarizer array / dual-polarized antenna composed of multiple radiation elements.

[0120] In addition, the technical solution of the present application also divides the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler, and introduces an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal. Then, the excitation signal is transmitted to the radiation patch through the microstrip line connected to the 3 dB branch-line coupler, thereby exciting the radiation patch to work, enabling the radiation patch to radiate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, and then switching the radiation mode of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization through the introduced phase difference, thereby improving the polarization isolation degree and enabling it to maintain good radiation efficiency within a wider frequency range, thus indirectly improving the bandwidth characteristics of the dual-polarized antenna.

[0121] It can be seen that the present application improves the coupling degree between different components included in the radiation element by separately arranging the metal reflector below the radiation patch and arranging the microstrip line on the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector. And by dividing the input signal during the working process into two equal-amplitude output signals through a 3 dB branch-line coupler and introducing an appropriate phase difference between the two output signals, an antenna with both low-profile and high-bandwidth characteristics and good circular polarization quality is designed, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the designed dual-polarized antenna, and further solving the technical problem that the port isolation degree and polarization isolation degree of the corresponding traditional dual-polarized antenna are low when ensuring the low-profile working characteristics.

[0122] According to an embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of a radiation element with an additional patch is also provided. Figure 10 It is a side view of an optional radiation element with an additional patch according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 10 shown, the radiation element is located above the metal reflector. The radiation element is composed of four metal strips bent towards the metal reflector. The four metal strips are directly connected to the microstrip line through holes in the metal reflector and the printed circuit board. The additional patch is fixed on the radiation patch through a dielectric spacer.

[0123] Optionally, Figure 11 is a top view of an optional radiation patch without additional patches according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0124] According to an embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of excitation microstrip conductors (i.e., microstrip lines) on both sides of an anti-phase excitation radiation patch is further provided. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an optional excitation microstrip conductor on both sides of an anti-phase excitation radiation patch according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 12 shown, the excitation microstrip conductor is formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.0. The PCB is mounted on the back of the metal reflector. Therefore, the proposed antenna array includes a metal patch above the metal reflector and a layer of printed circuit board below the metal reflector. Compared with the prior art method of setting the excitation microstrip conductor above the metal reflector, the layout in the present application reduces the parasitic coupling between the patch and the excitation microstrip conductor, thereby improving the isolation between the two linearly orthogonal polarizations radiated by the radiation patch.

[0125] Optionally, when testing the radiation modes corresponding to port 1 and port 2 of a single radiation element, the test results show that the simulated gains of the two ports corresponding to a single radiation element are both 9.1 dBi. The 3dB beamwidths of the two orthogonal linear polarizations provided by a single radiation element are 49° in the E-plane and 66° in the H-plane. And when the main directions of the two polarizations of a single radiation element are at Theta = 0°, the corresponding cross-polarization is better than -40 dB.

[0126] Optionally, when testing the scattering parameters of a single radiation element, the test results show that within an 11% operating frequency band, the return loss of a single radiation element is better than -24 dB, and the isolation is better than 49 dB.

[0127] Optionally, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an optional 3dB branch-line coupler-excited patch connected to a microstrip line. The excited patch has two ports. When testing the scattering parameters of the 3dB branch-line coupler, the test results show that within an 11% frequency band, the measured return loss is better than -21 dB, the isolation is better than 26 dB, the measured axial ratio is less than 1 dB, the cross-polarization at the main direction Theta = 0 is better than -26 dB, and the 3dB branch-line coupler can make the phase difference between the two linearly orthogonal polarizations on the patch equal to 90° at all frequencies corresponding to the antenna operating frequency band.

[0128] In summary, in this embodiment, the radiation patch excited by the 3dB branch-line coupler can radiate complete RHCP and LHCP. The return loss and isolation of the 3dB branch-line coupler in this embodiment are 3dB higher than those of the coupler in the prior art.

[0129] Optionally, when the antenna array is actually applied, it can be protected by a waterproof cover against the influence of bad weather conditions. During the test, a fiberglass cover with a thickness of 2 mm was placed above the radiation patch to simulate the actual working environment of the antenna array. The test data shows that after adding the fiberglass cover, the reflection of the fiberglass cover causes the simulation data RL of a single radiation element excited by the 3dB branch-line coupler to drop from -25dB to -14dB.

[0130] In an alternative embodiment, the present application can compensate for the reflection from the fiberglass cover by optimizing the sizes of the radiation patch and the additional patch, thereby increasing the return loss of a single radiator to -26dB.

[0131] Optionally, the mutual coupling between the radiation elements included in the antenna array will change the RL value of the radiation elements and the isolation between the ports. Therefore, the present application simulated and constructed a 2*2 antenna array composed of the above-mentioned radiation elements and the waterproof cover for testing to check the mutual influence between the adjacent radiation elements.

[0132] Optionally, Figure 14 is a top view of an alternative 2*2 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application, Figure 15 is a bottom view of an alternative 2*2 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 15 shown, the antenna array includes two ports. The output ends of the four 3dB branch-line couplers included in the 2*2 antenna array are connected in parallel through two 4-way power dividers, so as to achieve the purpose of providing equal power and phase at the output end. The distance between two adjacent radiation elements included in the 2*2 antenna array is 0.84λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength in free space. The size of the 2*2 antenna array is 1.7λ0x1.9λ0.

[0133] Optionally, when testing the scattering parameters of the 2*2 antenna array with the waterproof cover installed, the test results show that within 11% of the operating frequency band, the measured RL is better than -20dB and the isolation is better than 21dB.

[0134] The above test data shows that when the distance between the radiation elements is 0.84λ0, the mutual influence between the adjacent radiation elements can be ignored, that is, the radiation elements in the present application can be directly used to develop a large antenna array without additional correction of the distance between the radiation elements.

[0135] In addition, the present application also tested the influence of production tolerances on the quality of radiated circular polarization through the above 2×2 antenna array. By simulating different electrical lengths between the two ports of the radiating patch and the microstrip line of the 3dB branch-line coupler, the test data shows the relationship between the RHCP radiated by the 2×2 antenna array and the LHCP generated by the electrical length of the microstrip line between the radiating patch and the 3dB branch-line coupler as follows: At Theta = 0°, the microstrip line with equal electrical length provides -30dB of RHCP. When the electrical lengths of the microstrip lines differ by 5°, 10°, and 20°, the cross-polarization deteriorates to -20dB, -15dB, and -12dB respectively.

[0136] The test data shows that the influence of the electrical length of the microstrip line between the radiating patch and the 3dB branch-line coupler on the axial ratio is as follows: At Theta = 0°, the axial ratio of the microstrip line with equal electrical length is 0.5dB. When the difference between the microstrip lines is 5°, 10°, and 20°, the axial ratio decreases by 1.6dB, 3.4dB, and 5.1dB respectively.

[0137] From the above test data, it can be seen that compared with the BFN containing only one coupler, the BFN containing a 3dB branch-line coupler and close to all radiating patches can provide higher-sensitivity RHCP and LHCP in terms of production tolerances. Therefore, the radiating element containing a 3dB branch-line coupler in the present application is suitable for constructing a large antenna array.

[0138] In an optional embodiment, Figure 16 is a top view of an optional 5×5 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 17 is a bottom view of an optional 5×5 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0139] Optionally, the size of the 5×5 antenna array is 4.3λ0×4.7λ0. The distance between the radiating elements included in the 5×5 antenna array is 0.84λ0. The BFN of each port of the radiating element includes 5 connection 5-way power dividers for each row of radiating elements, and 1 5-way power divider for connecting the 5 5-way power dividers to the input end. The power of all power dividers is the same, and all power dividers provide equal phases at the output end.

[0140] Optionally, in order to suppress radiation side lobes up to 16 decibels, the power divider in this embodiment can also provide unequal amplitudes at the output end. The test data shows that when the measured insertion loss of a 5-way power divider is 0.65dB, the insertion loss of the BFN containing two series-connected power dividers is 1.3dB.

[0141] Optionally, when testing the normalized radiation pattern of the 5*5 antenna array at f0, the test data shows that: the 3dB beamwidth of the two circular polarizations in the horizontal plane is 13.1°, and in the vertical plane is 13.4°; the useless RHCP value radiated by the 5x5 antenna array radiating LHCP is less than -25dB; the measured axial ratio is less than 1.5dB; the calculated gain of the developed antenna array at f0 is 22.8dBi, excluding the insertion loss of the BFN, and the gain is 21.5dBi.

[0142] Optionally, the test data shows that: the antenna gain protected by the waterproof cover in this application exceeds 21dBi, the return loss and isolation are better than 20dB, and the RHCP and LHCP pattern qualities of the antenna array are good. Therefore, the antenna array in this application is suitable for the two-way communication system in the S band. In addition, the antenna array structure in this application is simple and is also suitable for the low-frequency application field with a large antenna array size.

[0143] In summary, this application discloses a radiation element, a dual-polarization sub-array, and a dual-polarization antenna array. The dual-polarization antenna array in this application includes multiple radiation elements and can operate in the 6th generation mobile communication frequency band (6.4GHz - 7.2GHz) or the S band. Each radiation element in this application includes a radiation patch and an additional patch, both of which are placed above the metal reflector. The four support points of the radiation patch are connected to the PCB circuit to excite the radiation patch to work, so that the radiation patch radiates linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. The PCB circuit is connected to the polarization conversion circuit, so that the radiation patch radiates circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0144] The relevant technical effects and application fields that the technical solution of this application can bring are as follows:

[0145] The dual-polarization antenna structure in the embodiment of this application is simple and is easy to use two orthogonal modes to form a high-frequency dual-polarization antenna design, with the structural feature of a low profile; the dual-polarization antenna structure can be realized by precision stamping, which not only ensures the processing accuracy in the 6G high-frequency band but also ensures a low processing cost; feeding the radiation patch oscillator at four points through the PCB is beneficial to the feeding network of the integrated antenna and can convert the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave into a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, so as to be suitable for the design of the circularly polarized antenna for future 6G satellite communication; the dual-polarization patch antenna realized by using the stacked patch can also achieve the technical effect of broadband expansion and improve the isolation between different components of the antenna.

[0146] The above-described embodiments or examples disclosed in this application are not exhaustive. They are only illustrations of some embodiments or examples and do not constitute specific limitations on the scope of protection disclosed in this application. Without contradiction, each step in a certain embodiment or example in this application can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be combined arbitrarily. For example, a solution obtained by removing some steps in a certain embodiment or example can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a certain embodiment or example can be exchanged arbitrarily. In addition, the optional ways or optional examples in a certain embodiment or example can be combined arbitrarily; furthermore, the various embodiments or individual examples can be combined arbitrarily. For example, some or all of the steps of different embodiments or examples can be combined arbitrarily, and a certain embodiment or example can be combined arbitrarily with the optional ways or optional examples of other embodiments or examples.

[0147] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of the various embodiments have their own emphases. For parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0148] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0149] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device, and the instruction device implements the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0150] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0151] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory. The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0152] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0153] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0154] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0155] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A radiation element, characterized in that, Comprising: A radiation patch for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and switching the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization; A metal reflector for reflecting the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, the metal reflector being located below the radiation patch; A microstrip line for transmitting an excitation signal to the radiation patch, the microstrip line being located on a printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector; A 3dB branch-line coupler for dividing an input signal into two output signals of equal amplitude and introducing a 90° phase difference between the two output signals, the 3dB branch-line coupler being interconnected with the microstrip line.

2. The radiation element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation element further comprises: An additional patch for determining the operating bandwidth of the radiation element, the additional patch being located above the radiation patch / the additional patch being located on a printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

3. The radiation element according to claim 1, wherein The radiation patch comprises: L feeder lines, where L is a positive integer, each of the L feeder lines being bent downward at 90°, and the L feeder lines being connected in a diagonal form through the microstrip line.

4. The radiation element according to claim 1, wherein The microstrip line comprises: An impedance transformer for reducing the loss of the signal propagating in the microstrip line; A matching circuit for compensating for the impedance change of the radiation element at different operating bandwidths.

5. The radiation element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch impedance of the 3dB branch-line coupler is less than a preset impedance.

6. The radiation element according to claim 1, wherein The metal reflector comprises: L + 1 transmission line holes, where the L + 1 transmission line holes are used to connect the L feeder lines and the printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector.

7. The radiation element according to claim 2, wherein The shape of the additional patch is circular or rectangular.

8. A bipolaron array, characterized in that, The dual-polaron array comprises M radiation elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7, where M is a positive integer, and the M radiation elements are connected through a power divider for equally dividing the power of the input signal.

9. A dual-polarized antenna array, characterized in that, The dual-polarized antenna array comprises N dual-polaron arrays according to claim 8, where N is a positive integer, and the N dual-polaron arrays are connected through a power divider.

10. A method for circular polarization of electromagnetic waves, characterized in that, Comprising: Transmitting electromagnetic waves through the radiation patch in the radiation element; Dividing an input signal into two output signals of equal amplitude through the 3dB branch-line coupler in the radiation element and introducing a 90° phase difference between the two output signals to obtain an excitation signal, where the input signal is the electromagnetic wave input to the 3dB branch-line coupler; Transmitting the excitation signal to the radiation patch through the microstrip line in the radiation element, where the microstrip line is located on a printed circuit board on the back of the metal reflector in the radiation element, the metal reflector being used to reflect the electromagnetic waves from the radiation patch, and the metal reflector being located below the radiation patch; Switching the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic waves from linear polarization to circular polarization through the radiation patch based on the excitation signal.

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