An emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system

Abstract

The present invention provides a first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, which relates to the technical field of pressure monitoring. The system includes a biological reaction monitoring module, a pressure adjustment analysis module, a real-time pressure adjustment module, a safety threshold detection module, and an emergency response activation module. In the present invention, through real-time monitoring of biological reactions, the changes in microblood flow, skin electrical impedance and tissue morphology of patients after using a tourniquet are captured, making the monitoring of individual reactions more comprehensive, and combining the patient's actual physiological state to evaluate the safety and effect of pressure, making the monitoring more dynamic and personalized, and the combination of real-time pressure adjustment and emergency response ensures that when the pressure exceeds the safe range, the pressure is quickly adjusted and a warning is issued through an alarm, avoiding secondary injuries caused by improper pressure, improving the safety and response speed of tourniquet use, and being able to more accurately prevent patient tissue damage, ensuring real-time effectiveness and safety during first aid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure monitoring, in particular to an emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system. Background Art

[0002] The field of pressure monitoring encompasses the application of various sensors and devices designed to detect and record real-time pressure data under various environmental and physiological conditions. Pressure monitoring technology is widely used in healthcare, industry, environmental monitoring, and scientific research. Core areas of expertise include pressure sensor design and optimization, signal acquisition, and accurate data transmission and processing. This area of ​​technology is constantly evolving, encompassing the development of miniaturized sensors, the application of wireless transmission technologies, and the construction of integrated systems to enhance the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring systems.

[0003] The emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system is a system used in medical emergency situations that monitors the pressure applied by the tourniquet on the patient and issues an alarm if the pressure exceeds a preset safety range. This system primarily consists of a pressure sensor, an automatic alarm, and a control unit. The pressure sensor detects the tourniquet pressure in real time. The control unit assesses whether the pressure is within a safe range based on the pressure data and issues an automatic alarm to alert the user if the pressure is abnormal. This device is primarily used in emergency medical services to ensure the correct use of tourniquets and prevent further injury caused by improper pressure.

[0004] Existing technology primarily relies on pressure sensors to monitor tourniquet pressure and uses preset safety thresholds to determine whether it is within a safe range. This approach has significant limitations. Single pressure monitoring fails to fully account for individual patient differences and physiological responses. Given varying skin conditions and blood flow patterns, the same pressure value can have vastly different physiological effects on different individuals. Existing technology ignores subtle differences and relies solely on pressure values, which can easily lead to misjudgments and even harm certain patients. Existing devices are unable to adjust pressure in real time to accommodate patient physiological changes. Even with an alarm mechanism, when pressure exceeds the threshold, the device can only issue a warning but cannot adjust pressure in a timely manner, resulting in operational delays. For example, in highly stressful medical environments, doctors are unable to immediately adjust tourniquet pressure, resulting in secondary injury or incomplete hemostasis. This overly simplified monitoring and response mechanism fails to fully ensure patient safety in some emergency situations and increases medical risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the pressure monitoring in the existing technology fails to fully consider the individual differences and physiological reactions of patients, the same pressure value will have completely different physiological effects on different individuals when the patient's skin condition and blood flow conditions are different. The existing technology ignores subtle differences and makes judgments based solely on pressure values, which can easily lead to misjudgments and even cause harm to some special patients. Existing equipment cannot adjust the pressure in real time to adapt to the patient's physiological changes. Even if there is an alarm mechanism, when the pressure exceeds the threshold, the device can only issue a warning, but cannot adjust the pressure in time, and there is still a certain operational delay. Taking the emergency scene as an example, in a highly tense medical environment, the doctor cannot immediately adjust the pressure of the tourniquet, resulting in secondary injuries to the patient or incomplete hemostasis. This overly simplified monitoring and response mechanism cannot fully guarantee the safety of patients in some emergency situations, and increases the technical problem of medical risks. An embodiment of the present invention provides a first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] Provided is an emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, the system comprising:

[0007] The biological response monitoring module monitors changes in micro-blood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses a tourniquet, captures the physiological effects of the emergency tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the emergency tourniquet pressure and the patient's physiological response, and obtains a physiological response dataset;

[0008] The pressure adjustment analysis module evaluates the response of the tissue to the real-time pressure through the physiological response data set, analyzes the ideal pressure adjustment interval, and obtains the adjustment pressure parameter;

[0009] The real-time pressure adjustment module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the emergency tourniquet according to the adjustment pressure parameter, responds to the monitored changes in pressure demand, adjusts the pressure to match the changes in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting;

[0010] The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time, compares it with the preset safety threshold, verifies that the tourniquet pressure is within a safe range, prevents anticipated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and obtains a pressure safety standard;

[0011] The emergency response activation module adjusts the tourniquet setting immediately and performs an emergency response according to the pressure safety standard if the pressure exceeds the pressure safety standard, automatically alarms through sound and light signals, responds to dangerous situations, and generates emergency treatment results.

[0012] Optionally, the physiological response data set includes microblood flow velocity data, skin resistance value data, and tissue morphology images; the pressure adjustment parameters include ideal pressure range, target pressure value, and pressure adjustment value; the optimized pressure setting includes updated pressure value, pressure adjustment frequency, and pressure duration; the pressure safety standard includes safety pressure limit and pressure monitoring interval; and the emergency processing result includes emergency adjustment pressure setting, alarm type, and alarm duration.

[0013] Optionally, the biological reaction monitoring module includes:

[0014] The microblood flow monitoring submodule monitors changes in microblood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after a patient uses a tourniquet. It obtains microblood flow signal data after the patient uses a tourniquet, extracts time series, filters change periods, calculates microblood flow change rates, analyzes blood flow recovery time based on the change rates, and obtains microblood flow change records.

[0015] The skin impedance analysis submodule detects the patient's skin impedance through the micro-blood flow change records, analyzes the impedance changes under differential pressure, and obtains the skin impedance change trend;

[0016] The tissue morphology calculation submodule collects tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend, identifies morphology deviation, screens characteristic indicators, and obtains a physiological response data set.

[0017] Optionally, the pressure adjustment analysis module includes:

[0018] The physiological data processing submodule extracts the heart rate, blood pressure and skin electrodermal signals of the physiological response data set, filters abnormal data and aligns the time axis, extracts the fluctuation characteristics of the physiological parameters, and obtains the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence;

[0019] The pressure response analysis submodule identifies the fluctuation amplitude of the physiological parameters within the differentiated pressure interval based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, selects related physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the pressure interval as the tissue pressure sensitive interval, sets the corresponding relationship between the physiological parameters and the pressure level, and obtains the tissue pressure sensitive interval;

[0020] The pressure adjustment parameter setting submodule compares the deviation between the target pressure range and the real-time pressure level through the tissue pressure sensitive range, selects the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment range, and obtains the adjustment pressure parameters.

[0021] Optionally, the formula for calculating the parameter change gradient is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P irepresents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 represents the physiological parameter value at the i+1th time point, represents the mean of the physiological parameter value, and n represents the number of time points.

[0024] Optionally, the real-time pressure regulation module includes:

[0025] The pressure parameter application submodule uses the pressure adjustment parameter to adjust the pressure control of the emergency tourniquet, adjust the pressure adjustment range, and obtain an initial pressure setting value;

[0026] The pressure matching submodule monitors changes in the patient's physiological parameters based on the initial pressure setting value, calculates the pressure deviation value based on the real-time pressure status, matches the patient's physiological condition, and obtains a matching pressure setting value;

[0027] The pressure output optimization submodule uses the matching pressure setting value to adjust the emergency tourniquet pressure output, monitor the pressure feedback in real time, screen the stable pressure range, optimize the adjustment range, and obtain the optimized pressure setting.

[0028] Optionally, the formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o represents the patient's measured pressure value at the oth moment, Z r,o represents the target set pressure value at the oth moment, W o represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the oth moment, N represents the number of moments in the calculation cycle, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient.

[0031] Optionally, the safety threshold detection module includes:

[0032] The pressure monitoring and comparison submodule adopts the optimized pressure setting to extract the real-time pressure data of the emergency tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains the pressure comparison result;

[0033] The risk assessment submodule identifies the pressure exceeding and falling below the threshold based on the pressure comparison result, calculates the risk pressure interval value, matches the estimated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis problems, sets the warning level, and obtains the pressure risk identification result;

[0034] The pressure calibration submodule uses the pressure risk identification results to screen pressure settings within a safe range, adjust pressure control parameters, optimize pressure output stability, and obtain a pressure safety standard.

[0035] Optionally, the formula for calculating the risk pressure interval value is:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, Q risk Represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max Represents the peak pressure value, Q min Represents the trough pressure value, Q r Represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold Represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of the jth group, and m represents the number of data sets of pressure deviation.

[0038] Optionally, the emergency response activation module includes:

[0039] The abnormality detection submodule uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screens abnormal pressure data that exceeds the safety standard, summarizes the abnormality type, and obtains the pressure abnormality state;

[0040] The tourniquet adjustment submodule, based on the abnormal pressure state, screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safety standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, verifies that the pressure returns to the safety range, and obtains the corrected pressure setting value;

[0041] The alarm trigger submodule uses the corrected pressure setting value to monitor pressure state changes, screen dangerous states, trigger sound and light signal alarms, record abnormal pressure information, and generate emergency processing results.

[0042] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0043] By monitoring biological responses in real time, changes in microblood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after tourniquet application are captured, enabling in-depth analysis of the specific impact of tourniquet pressure on the patient's physiological responses. This refined physiological data collection enables more comprehensive monitoring of individual responses. Rather than relying solely on single pressure data, the system integrates the patient's actual physiological state to assess the safety and effectiveness of pressure. This avoids the traditional practice of pressure monitoring, which relies solely on a set pressure value to determine safety, making monitoring more dynamic and personalized. The pressure adjustment range is optimized to more precisely match the patient's physiological needs and reduce the risk of over- or under-compression. The combination of real-time pressure adjustment and emergency response ensures prompt adjustment and an alarm when pressure exceeds the safe range, effectively preventing secondary injuries caused by improper pressure. This improves the safety, responsiveness, and personalized use of tourniquets, enabling more precise prevention of tissue damage and ensuring real-time effectiveness and safety during emergency treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the biological reaction monitoring module of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the pressure adjustment analysis module in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the real-time pressure regulation module in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the safety threshold detection module in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the emergency response activation module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same. The terms "of," "corresponding," and "corresponding" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written as a non-subscript such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meanings to be expressed are the same.

[0056] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention provides a first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, such as Figure 1-2 The schematic diagram of the first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system shown in FIG. 1 includes:

[0058] The biological response monitoring module monitors changes in micro-blood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after a patient uses a tourniquet. This module captures the physiological effects of the emergency tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the emergency tourniquet pressure and the patient's physiological response, reflects the real-time biological status, and generates a physiological response dataset.

[0059] The pressure adjustment analysis module uses the physiological response data set to evaluate the tissue's response to real-time pressure, analyze the ideal pressure adjustment range, and obtain the adjustment pressure parameters;

[0060] The real-time pressure regulation module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the emergency tourniquet based on the adjusted pressure parameters, responds to changes in monitored pressure requirements, adjusts the pressure to match changes in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting;

[0061] The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time and compares it with the preset safety threshold to verify that the tourniquet pressure is within the safe range, preventing anticipated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and obtaining the pressure safety standard.

[0062] The emergency response activation module adjusts the tourniquet settings and performs emergency response according to the pressure safety standards. If the pressure is abnormal or exceeds the pressure safety standards, it will automatically alarm through sound and light signals to respond to dangerous situations and generate emergency treatment results.

[0063] The physiological response data set includes microblood flow velocity data, skin resistance data, and tissue morphology images. The pressure adjustment parameters include the ideal pressure range, target pressure value, and pressure adjustment value. The optimized pressure setting includes the updated pressure value, pressure adjustment frequency, and pressure duration. The pressure safety standard includes the safe pressure limit and pressure monitoring interval. The emergency processing results include the emergency adjusted pressure setting, alarm type, and alarm duration.

[0064] Specifically, if Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the biological reaction monitoring module includes:

[0065] The microblood flow monitoring submodule monitors changes in microblood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after a patient uses a tourniquet. It obtains microblood flow signal data after the patient uses a tourniquet, extracts time series, filters change periods, calculates microblood flow change rates, analyzes blood flow recovery time based on the change rates, and obtains microblood flow change records.

[0066] Sensors are used to detect the patient's microblood flow signal data after the tourniquet is used. A tourniquet is tied to the patient's limb and different pressure values ​​are applied. At the same time, optical sensors or piezoelectric sensors are installed near the pressure area for data collection. The sensors must have high sensitivity to ensure signal stability. After data collection, the system needs to preprocess the signal, including removing high-frequency noise and smoothing the signal curve to make the data more stable. After completing preprocessing, the changes in microblood flow are analyzed. The time series method is used to segment the data to find the time period with the most significant microblood flow changes. A time window is set, such as 5 seconds or 10 seconds, and the blood flow fluctuations in each time period are analyzed in turn. Through screening, the time points when the microblood flow decreases or recovers significantly are found. The change trend is recorded, and the recovery time of the microblood flow is calculated to determine whether the blood flow can return to the baseline level within a specific time. If the blood flow recovery time is long, the tourniquet usage needs to be adjusted to obtain a record of microblood flow changes.

[0067] The skin impedance analysis submodule detects the patient's skin impedance by recording micro-blood flow changes, analyzes the impedance changes under differential pressure, and obtains the skin impedance change trend;

[0068] The skin impedance of patients is detected by recording micro-blood flow changes. Electrodes are used to measure the skin impedance value under different pressure conditions to ensure that the electrodes used have good contact performance to reduce errors. During the measurement process, the electrodes need to be evenly attached to the skin surface and maintain an appropriate distance to obtain a stable impedance signal. The acquired data needs to be pre-processed, such as filtering and denoising, and normalization to improve data quality. The trend of impedance changes under different pressure conditions is analyzed. During the data analysis process, key time periods need to be screened, especially periods with obvious pressure changes, in order to observe the response of impedance during pressure adjustment. The impedance change characteristics of different individuals under the same pressure are compared to confirm whether the change range is consistent and obtain the skin impedance change trend.

[0069] The tissue morphology calculation submodule collects tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend, identifies morphology deviation, screens characteristic indicators, and obtains a physiological response data set;

[0070] Tissue morphology data is collected based on the trend of skin impedance changes, and subcutaneous tissue morphology is collected using imaging methods such as ultrasound and optical scanning to ensure that the imaging equipment can accurately detect the morphological characteristics of skin tissue. The collected morphological data needs to undergo image processing, including noise removal, edge enhancement, contrast adjustment, etc., to improve recognition accuracy. After completing data preprocessing, the changes in tissue morphology are analyzed, focusing on indicators such as skin thickness, texture structure, and color distribution. Areas with large morphological deviations are screened out, and their characteristics are classified and analyzed. By comparing the trends of tissue morphological changes under different pressures, it is determined whether there are abnormal changes. If the skin morphology deviation is obvious, it means that the local tissue is under too much pressure, and the tourniquet usage needs to be adjusted to form a physiological response data set.

[0071] Specifically, if Figure 2 、 4 As shown, the pressure adjustment analysis module includes:

[0072] The physiological data processing submodule extracts the heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocutaneous signals of the physiological response data set, filters out abnormal data and aligns the time axis, extracts the fluctuation characteristics of physiological parameters, and obtains the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence;

[0073] Heart rate, blood pressure and skin electrodermal signals are extracted from the physiological response data set. The system receives data streams from sensors to ensure the stability of the data acquisition process and preprocesses the raw data, including filtering, denoising, normalization and other operations to reduce signal interference. The collected physiological signals are preliminarily analyzed to screen out abnormal data. For example, in the case of excessive heart rate fluctuations or sudden changes in blood pressure data, a sliding window method or statistical method can be used to set the outlier threshold and eliminate data that exceeds a reasonable range. The physiological data from different sources are time-aligned so that the heart rate, blood pressure and skin electrodermal signals can be analyzed under the same time reference. After time alignment, the fluctuation characteristics of the physiological parameters are extracted, such as calculating the heart rate variability, the blood pressure change rate, the conductivity change of the skin electrodermal signal, etc. The characteristic data are further pattern analyzed to obtain the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence.

[0074] The pressure response analysis submodule identifies the fluctuation amplitude of physiological parameters within the differentiated pressure range based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, selects related physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the pressure range as the tissue pressure sensitivity range, sets the corresponding relationship between physiological parameters and pressure levels, and obtains the tissue pressure sensitivity range;

[0075] The formula for calculating the gradient of parameter change is:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P i represents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 represents the physiological parameter value at the i+1th time point, represents the mean of the physiological parameter value, and n represents the number of time points;

[0078] Detailed explanation of the formula and the process of formula calculation and derivation:

[0079] Parameter P i is the monitoring value of physiological parameters at time point i, collected by physiological sensors, including heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance and other data. The collection frequency is set to once per second, the measurement cycle is 10 seconds, and the amount of sample data obtained is 10;

[0080] The data collection results are: P1=75, P2=78, P3=80, P4=82, P5=79, P6=77, P7=76, P8=80, P9=81, P 10 =83;

[0081] Calculate the mean:

[0082]

[0083] Calculate the sum of the absolute changes in parameters at adjacent time points:

[0084] ∑ i n ＝1 |P i+1 -P i |=|78-75|+|80-78|+|82-80|+|79-82|+|77-79|+|76-77|+|80-76|+|81-80|+|83-81|;

[0085] ∑ i n ＝1 |P i+1 -P i |=3+2+2+3+2+1+4+1+2=20;

[0086] Calculate the standard deviation of physiological parameters:

[0087]

[0088] Calculate the gradient of parameter change:

[0089]

[0090] The results showed that the gradient of change of physiological parameters within the pressure range was 2.47, representing the degree of fluctuation of physiological parameters within this range. If the ΔP value was large, it meant that there was a large fluctuation in the physiological parameters, which was associated with a strong stress response. If the ΔP value was small, it meant that the physiological parameters in this range were relatively stable, which could be used to screen the pressure-sensitive range and further set the correspondence between physiological parameters and stress levels.

[0091] The pressure adjustment parameter setting submodule organizes the pressure sensitive interval, compares the deviation between the target pressure interval and the real-time pressure level, selects the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment range, and obtains the adjustment pressure parameters;

[0092] Calculate the deviation between the target pressure interval and the real-time pressure level. The system obtains the current tissue pressure data and compares it with the preset target pressure interval. The target pressure interval is set based on clinical experience or experimental data and is appropriately adjusted according to individual differences. The real-time pressure level can be continuously monitored by the pressure sensor and the pressure change trend over a period of time is recorded. The system calculates the deviation between the real-time pressure value and the target pressure range, and sets an adjustment threshold to screen out the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range. If the deviation exceeds the set range, it is necessary to execute the pressure adjustment strategy, analyze the adjustment amplitude, and determine the reasonable pressure adjustment step size through real-time data to ensure that the adjustment process is stable and controllable and obtain the adjusted pressure parameters.

[0093] Specifically, if Figure 2 、5 As shown, the real-time pressure regulation module includes:

[0094] The pressure parameter application submodule adjusts the pressure parameters, adjusts the pressure control of the emergency tourniquet, adjusts the pressure adjustment range, and obtains the initial pressure setting value;

[0095] The pressure of the emergency tourniquet is controlled. The system receives the adjustment pressure parameters, which include the target pressure range, real-time pressure deviation and adjustment amplitude, and compares them with the current tourniquet pressure setting value. If the current pressure exceeds the adjustment range, pressure correction is performed. The system adjusts the pressure by controlling the inflation or mechanical adjustment module of the tourniquet. The adjustment method can be an increasing or decreasing mode, and a staged adjustment strategy is adopted to prevent unnecessary tissue damage caused by excessive one-time adjustment. The system adapts the pressure adjustment range to ensure that it is adjusted within a reasonable physiological range. According to the individual conditions of different patients, such as body shape, vascular elasticity and other factors, the pressure setting value is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the tourniquet can function at an appropriate pressure level, and provide basic data for subsequent pressure optimization to determine the initial pressure setting value.

[0096] The pressure matching submodule monitors the changes in the patient's physiological parameters based on the initial pressure setting value, calculates the pressure deviation value based on the real-time pressure status, matches the patient's physiological condition, and obtains the matching pressure setting value;

[0097] The formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o represents the patient's measured pressure value at the oth moment, Z r,o represents the target set pressure value at the oth moment, W o represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the oth moment, N represents the number of moments in the calculation cycle, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient;

[0100] Formula parameter analysis and value acquisition method:

[0101] Z m,o represents the patient's measured pressure value at time o, which is obtained through real-time monitoring by a pressure sensor with a measurement range of 5 mmHg to 40 mmHg. Taking data from five consecutive moments, the monitored values ​​are 18.5 mmHg, 19.2 mmHg, 19.7 mmHg, 18.9 mmHg, and 19.5 mmHg respectively;

[0102] Z r,orepresents the reference pressure value, i.e. the target set pressure value at the oth moment, which is set by the doctor based on the patient's physiological characteristics and condition assessment. The current set value is 20 mmHg;

[0103] W o Represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the oth moment. The weight coefficient is calculated based on the patient's heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is measured by an ECG monitor and quantified using standard deviation. The HRV values ​​corresponding to the current five moments are 42ms, 45ms, 40ms, 43ms, and 41ms. The weight coefficient is calculated according to the formula:

[0104]

[0105] The weights are:

[0106]

[0107] N represents the number of moments in the calculation cycle. Currently, 5 moments are selected, so N = 5;

[0108] k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient, which is set according to the patient's physiological feedback sensitivity and ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. k = 0.3 is selected based on the patient's response delay to pressure adjustment;

[0109] Formula calculation derivation process:

[0110] Calculate the absolute value of the pressure deviation at each moment and multiply it by the corresponding weight:

[0111] |Z m,1 -Z r,1 |·W1=|18.5-20|×0.201=1.5×0.201=0.302;

[0112] |Z m,2 -Z r,2 |·W2=|19.2-20|×0.215=0.8×0.215=0.172;

[0113] |Z m,3 -Z r,3 |·W3=|19.7-20|×0.191=0.3×0.191=0.057;

[0114] |Z m,4 -Z r,4 |·W4=|18.9-20|×0.205=1.1×0.205=0.226;

[0115] |Z m,5 -Z r,5|·W5=|19.5-20|×0.197=0.5×0.197=0.099;

[0116] The sum is:

[0117]

[0118] Calculate the square root of the sum of squared weights

[0119]

[0120] Substitute the formula to calculate the pressure deviation value:

[0121]

[0122] The results show that the currently calculated pressure deviation value is 1.14, reflecting the average deviation between the current patient's measured pressure and the set pressure. This value indicates that the patient's current physiological state is poorly matched with the target pressure, and further pressure adjustment is required to make the matching pressure setting value more in line with the patient's physiological needs.

[0123] The optimized pressure output submodule calls the matching pressure setting value, adjusts the emergency tourniquet pressure output, monitors the pressure feedback in real time, selects the stable pressure range, optimizes the adjustment range, and obtains the optimized pressure setting;

[0124] To optimize the pressure output of the emergency tourniquet, the system calls the set pressure value and determines whether the pressure needs to be adjusted based on the current device status. If there is a large pressure fluctuation or deviation, the system will perform detailed adjustments, monitor the pressure feedback in real time through the pressure sensor, obtain continuous pressure change data, and screen out the stable pressure range. The system uses a dynamic filtering method to smooth the pressure data to eliminate the influence of instantaneous fluctuations, optimize the adjustment range, and ensure that the pressure can be maintained in the stable range for a long time. If it is detected that the pressure deviates from the stable range, the system will make fine adjustments according to the preset strategy, gradually optimize the pressure output, make it stable, and obtain the optimized pressure setting.

[0125] Specifically, if Figure 2 、 6 As shown, the safety threshold detection module includes:

[0126] The pressure monitoring and comparison submodule uses optimized pressure settings to extract the real-time pressure data of the emergency tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains the pressure comparison result;

[0127] The pressure data of the emergency tourniquet is extracted in real time and compared and analyzed. The system obtains the actual pressure value of the current tourniquet through the built-in pressure sensor to ensure the continuity and accuracy of data collection. After data collection, the system preprocesses the pressure signal, including filtering, denoising, and data normalization to eliminate the influence of abnormal fluctuations or external interference. The system compares the real-time pressure data with the preset safety threshold. The safety threshold is provided by clinical experimental data or literature research and is set in combination with individual physiological characteristics. During the comparison process, the system uses the difference calculation method to identify the pressure deviation range. If the real-time pressure value deviates from the set range of the safety threshold, the system will record the pressure abnormal point and classify and archive different levels of deviations, such as mild deviation, moderate deviation, and severe deviation. Combined with the deviation trend analysis, it determines whether the tourniquet pressure needs to be adjusted to obtain the pressure comparison result.

[0128] Based on the pressure comparison results, the risk assessment submodule identifies the states where the pressure exceeds or falls below the threshold, calculates the risk pressure interval value, matches the estimated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis problems, sets the warning level, and obtains the pressure risk identification result;

[0129] The formula for calculating the risk pressure interval value is:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, Q risk Represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max Represents the peak pressure value, Q min Represents the trough pressure value, Q r Represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold Represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of group j, and m represents the number of data sets of pressure deviation;

[0132] Detailed explanation of the formula and the process of formula calculation and derivation:

[0133] Q max Represents the peak pressure value in the selected pressure data, obtained by the continuous pressure monitoring sensor, and the maximum value is selected within the data window period and set to 180mmHg;

[0134] Q min Represents the trough pressure value in the pressure data, obtained by the same sensor, and the minimum value is selected within the data window period, set to 70mmHg;

[0135] Q rRepresents the pressure value of a single measurement. A set of pressure data is selected, with values ​​of 120, 135, 110, 145, and 125 mmHg, for a total of 5 sets of data;

[0136] Represents the average value of the selected pressure data, calculated as follows:

[0137]

[0138] U represents the number of selected pressure data points. There are 5 sets of data in the current data sampling period, so U=5;

[0139] Q threshold Represents the preset pressure threshold, which is determined according to the physiological safety pressure interval standard and is set at 140 mmHg;

[0140] Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of group j, which is calculated as follows:

[0141] Q j,deviation =|Q j -Q threshold |;

[0142] Among them, 3 groups of data are selected to calculate the pressure deviation:

[0143] Q 1,deviation =|120-140|=20;

[0144] Q 2,deviation =|135-140|=5;

[0145] Q 3,deviation =|110-140|=30;

[0146] There are 3 sets of deviation data in total, so m=3. Calculate the mean deviation:

[0147]

[0148] Calculate the variance term:

[0149]

[0150] Calculate the risk pressure interval value:

[0151]

[0152] The results show that the risk pressure interval value of the current pressure data is 2.37, indicating the degree of deviation and abnormal fluctuation of the pressure data. This value is used to identify abnormalities in pressure data and match the risk levels of tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis.

[0153] The pressure calibration submodule uses the pressure risk identification results to screen the pressure settings within the safe range, adjust the pressure control parameters, optimize the pressure output stability, and obtain the pressure safety standard;

[0154] The system screens the pressure setting values ​​within the safety range and optimizes and adjusts them. The system receives the pressure comparison results and classifies the data of different deviation levels. If the pressure deviation is within the safety range, the system maintains the current pressure setting value. If the deviation exceeds the safety range, the system starts the pressure adjustment program and screens the pressure setting point closest to the safety threshold. The system adjusts the pressure control parameters, including adjusting the amplitude of pressure increase or decrease and optimizing the adjustment rate to reduce pressure fluctuations. The pressure control logic is dynamically adjusted according to the tolerance range of different individuals to ensure that the pressure can be output stably. The system optimizes the pressure stability through multiple rounds of adjustment for subsequent emergency tourniquet pressure management, ensures that the tourniquet maintains a safe pressure range under various circumstances, and generates a pressure safety standard.

[0155] Specifically, if Figure 2 、 7 As shown, the emergency response activation module includes:

[0156] The anomaly detection submodule uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screens the abnormal pressure data that exceeds the safety standard, summarizes the abnormal type, and obtains the pressure abnormality status;

[0157] Extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value and obtain the current pressure value based on the data stream detected by the sensor. The electronic pressure sensor is set to a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, and 100 data points can be obtained per second. The data points need to be denoised. Taking the mean filter method as an example, the data mean in the current time window is calculated. Suppose the sampling data set at a certain moment is P1, P2, P n , then the formula for calculating the smoothing value is:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, P A is the Ath sampling value, and n is the number of data points in the window. For example, if n = 10, and the sampling values ​​in a time window are 200, 205, 198, 202, 207, 203, 201, 206, 204, 200, then:

[0160]

[0161] This value is used for subsequent screening of abnormal pressure data that exceeds the safety standard. If the safety standard range of tourniquet pressure is set to 180mmHg to 220mmHg, it is necessary to judge P avg Is it beyond this range? If P avg>220 mmHg or P avg If the value is less than 180 mmHg, the data is considered abnormal. When summarizing the abnormality type, a statistical method based on historical data can be used. For example, an abnormality index A can be set. The formula is as follows:

[0162]

[0163] Among them, P ref is the mean of normal pressure, σ is the standard deviation of the data, and P is set ref =200mmHg, σ = 10mmHg, then for the above calculated P avg =202.6, substituting into the formula we get:

[0164]

[0165] If the abnormality judgment threshold A is set th =1.5, the value does not exceed the threshold and is not considered a serious abnormality. Otherwise, further classification is required, such as high pressure abnormality, low pressure abnormality or fluctuation abnormality. Set a time point P avg =230 mmHg, and the calculated value A=3 exceeds the threshold value, which is classified as high pressure abnormality and the pressure abnormality state is obtained.

[0166] The tourniquet adjustment submodule, based on the abnormal pressure state, screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safety standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, verifies that the pressure returns to the safe range, and obtains the corrected pressure setting value;

[0167] Filter the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure and determine the current abnormal type. If it is a high pressure abnormality, the pressure needs to be reduced. If it is a low pressure abnormality, the pressure needs to be increased. Set the adjustment target P target 200 mmHg, that is, near the reference mean, set the current measured pressure P curr The value is 230 mmHg, which exceeds the target value by 30 mmHg. The adjustment range ΔB needs to be calculated and a closed-loop control strategy is adopted. The adjustment step can be set as:

[0168] ΔB=k(P curr -P target );

[0169] Where k is the adjustment coefficient. If k = 0.5, then:

[0170] ΔB = 0.5 × (230-200) = 15;

[0171] The adjusted pressure value is:

[0172] P new =P curr-ΔB=230-15=215;

[0173] If this value is still outside the safe range, it is necessary to repeatedly adjust until the pressure returns to the safe range. At the same time, combined with real-time monitoring data, excessive adjustment can be avoided to avoid excessively low pressure, and the corrected pressure setting value can be obtained.

[0174] The alarm trigger submodule uses the corrected pressure set value to monitor pressure state changes, screen dangerous states, trigger sound and light signal alarms, record abnormal pressure information, and generate emergency treatment results;

[0175] Monitor the pressure state changes, obtain real-time pressure data stream, and analyze the pressure change trend in the continuous time window. Set the pressure mean in the current time period as P t , the mean pressure of the previous time window is P t-1 , calculate the pressure change rate:

[0176]

[0177] Where Δt is the time interval, if P t =220 mmHg, P t-1 =200mmHg, time interval Δt = 2 seconds, then:

[0178]

[0179] Set the alarm threshold R th =5 mmHg / s, if R > R th , it is determined to be a dangerous state and triggers an alarm. The alarm methods include sound and light signals. At the same time, abnormal pressure information such as timestamp, abnormal pressure value, adjustment process, etc. are recorded to generate emergency processing results.

[0180] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, characterized in that: The system comprises: The biological response monitoring module monitors changes in micro-blood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses a tourniquet, captures the physiological effects of the emergency tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the emergency tourniquet pressure and the patient's physiological response, and obtains a physiological response dataset; The pressure adjustment analysis module evaluates the response of the tissue to the real-time pressure through the physiological response data set, analyzes the ideal pressure adjustment interval, and obtains the adjustment pressure parameter; The real-time pressure adjustment module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the emergency tourniquet according to the adjustment pressure parameter, responds to the monitored changes in pressure demand, adjusts the pressure to match the changes in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting; The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time, compares it with the preset safety threshold, verifies that the tourniquet pressure is within a safe range, prevents anticipated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and obtains a pressure safety standard; The emergency response activation module adjusts the tourniquet setting and performs an emergency response according to the pressure safety standard if the pressure exceeds the pressure safety standard, automatically alarms through sound and light signals, responds to dangerous situations, and generates emergency treatment results; The pressure adjustment analysis module includes: The physiological data processing submodule extracts the heart rate, blood pressure and skin electrodermal signals of the physiological response data set, filters abnormal data and aligns the time axis, extracts the fluctuation characteristics of the physiological parameters, and obtains the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence; The pressure response analysis submodule identifies the fluctuation amplitude of the physiological parameters within the differentiated pressure interval based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, selects related physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the pressure interval as the tissue pressure sensitive interval, sets the corresponding relationship between the physiological parameters and the pressure level, and obtains the tissue pressure sensitive interval; The pressure adjustment parameter setting submodule compares the deviation between the target pressure range and the real-time pressure level through the tissue pressure sensitive range, selects the pressure adjustment point within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment range, and obtains the adjustment pressure parameter; The formula for calculating the parameter change gradient is: Among them, ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P i represents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 represents the physiological parameter value at the i+1th time point, represents the mean of the physiological parameter value, and n represents the number of time points; The real-time pressure regulation module includes: The pressure parameter application submodule uses the pressure adjustment parameter to adjust the pressure control of the emergency tourniquet, adjust the pressure adjustment range, and obtain an initial pressure setting value; The pressure matching submodule monitors changes in the patient's physiological parameters based on the initial pressure setting value, calculates the pressure deviation value based on the real-time pressure status, matches the patient's physiological condition, and obtains a matching pressure setting value; The pressure output optimization submodule uses the matching pressure setting value to adjust the emergency tourniquet pressure output, monitors the pressure feedback in real time, selects the stable pressure range, optimizes the adjustment range, and obtains the optimized pressure setting; The formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows: Among them, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o represents the patient's measured pressure value at the oth moment, Z r,o represents the target set pressure value at the oth moment, W o represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the oth moment, N represents the number of moments in the calculation cycle, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient; The safety threshold detection module includes: The pressure monitoring and comparison submodule adopts the optimized pressure setting to extract the real-time pressure data of the emergency tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains the pressure comparison result; The risk assessment submodule identifies the pressure exceeding and falling below the threshold based on the pressure comparison result, calculates the risk pressure interval value, matches the estimated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis problems, sets the warning level, and obtains the pressure risk identification result; The pressure calibration submodule uses the pressure risk identification results to screen the pressure settings within the safe range, adjust the pressure control parameters, optimize the pressure output stability, and obtain the pressure safety standard; The formula for calculating the risk pressure interval value is: Among them, Q risk Represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max Represents the peak pressure value, Q min Represents the trough pressure value, Q r Represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold Represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of the jth group, and m represents the number of data sets of pressure deviation.

2. The first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physiological response data set includes micro-blood flow velocity data, skin resistance value data, and tissue morphology images; the pressure adjustment parameters include ideal pressure range, target pressure value, and pressure adjustment value; the optimized pressure setting includes updated pressure value, pressure adjustment frequency, and pressure duration; the pressure safety standard includes safe pressure limit and pressure monitoring interval; and the emergency processing result includes emergency adjustment pressure setting, alarm type, and alarm duration.

3. The first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological reaction monitoring module includes: The microblood flow monitoring submodule monitors changes in microblood flow, skin electrical impedance, and tissue morphology after a patient uses a tourniquet. It obtains microblood flow signal data after the patient uses a tourniquet, extracts time series, filters change periods, calculates microblood flow change rates, analyzes blood flow recovery time based on the change rates, and obtains microblood flow change records. The skin impedance analysis submodule detects the patient's skin impedance through the micro-blood flow change records, analyzes the impedance changes under differential pressure, and obtains the skin impedance change trend; The tissue morphology calculation submodule collects tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend, identifies morphology deviation, screens characteristic indicators, and obtains a physiological response data set.

4. The first aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency response activation module includes: The abnormality detection submodule uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screens abnormal pressure data that exceeds the safety standard, summarizes the abnormality type, and obtains the pressure abnormality state; The tourniquet adjustment submodule, based on the abnormal pressure state, screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safety standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, verifies that the pressure returns to the safety range, and obtains the corrected pressure setting value; The alarm trigger submodule uses the corrected pressure setting value to monitor pressure state changes, screen dangerous states, trigger sound and light signal alarms, record abnormal pressure information, and generate emergency processing results.

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