Fertilizer-free orchid planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flower planting substrates, and discloses an orchid fertilization-free planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, which comprises sphagna, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, turfy soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Wherein the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can provide nitrogen for the orchid, the phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria can decompose phosphorus and potassium in charcoal and bark to provide nutrition for the orchid, the sphagna plays a role in moisturizing, the tree and vermiculite play a role in ventilation, and the humic acid and the seaweed oligosaccharide play a role in further promoting rooting and growth of flowers and plants and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms; the components in the fertilizer have a synergistic effect, the fertilization-free period is extremely long, essential elements for plants can still be efficiently provided under the condition of no fertilization, the orchid cultivation difficulty is reduced, flowering is promoted, plant diseases and insect pests are inhibited by adjusting the water-retaining property and the air permeability, and better flower growth and ornamental effects are achieved on the whole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flower planting substrates, and particularly to a fertilizer-free planting substrate for orchids based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria Background Art

[0002] Orchids generally refer to plants of the Orchidaceae family. There are approximately 700 genera and more than 20,000 species of orchids in the world. According to their ecological types, they are divided into terrestrial orchids, epiphytic orchids and saprophytic orchids. Among them, 174 genera and 1,200 species (excluding varieties and specific cultivated species) are produced in China. Chinese orchids usually refer to plants of the genus Cymbidium in the Orchidaceae family native to China, mainly terrestrial orchids, including species such as Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium faberi and Cymbidium kanran, etc. They are one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China and also the orchids with the highest ornamental value

[0003] Compared with ordinary flowers, orchids are more difficult to cultivate: 1. The roots of ordinary flowers (such as Epipremnum aureum and Rosa chinensis) have strong adaptability, and ordinary garden soil or general nutrient soil can meet the needs. However, the roots of orchids are fleshy aerial roots, which have extremely high requirements for the air permeability, water retention and drainage of the growing medium. Special growing medium must be used. Using pure garden soil will cause root rot, and improper proportion of the growing medium will lead to death; 2. Watering ordinary flowers can follow the general principle of "water when dry, water thoroughly when wet", while watering orchids requires more delicate control: overwatering will cause root rot, and insufficient watering will cause air roots. It needs to be adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the growing medium, season and variety (for example, Cymbidium goeringii likes moisture, and Cymbidium sinense is tolerant of moisture), and is sensitive to water quality (alkaline water and chlorine are prohibited). A single watering mistake may directly lead to root system collapse; 3. The strict balance of light, temperature and humidity. Orchids need scattered light (about 50-70% shading rate). Strong light will burn the leaves, and weak light will not cause flowering. Ordinary flowers such as succulents like direct light, and shade-tolerant plants (such as Monstera deliciosa) can adapt to low light. Temperature and humidity: Orchids need a temperature difference between day and night (8-10°C) to promote flowering, and the humidity needs to be 60-80% (dryness is easy to cause leaf tips to turn brown). Most ordinary flowers adapt to the stable indoor environment (such as a constant temperature of 20-25°C); 4. The particularity of nutrient supply. Orchids avoid strong fertilizers and need special slow-release fertilizers or diluted liquid fertilizers (such as the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs to be adjusted according to the growth period). Ordinary flowers can tolerate general compound fertilizers, and even organic fertilizers can be directly applied. Excessive fertilization at one time may cause root burning in orchids, and the recovery period is as long as several months; 5. Orchid diseases (such as soft rot and anthracnose) develop rapidly and mostly start from the roots. By the time they are discovered, they are often in the late stage. Pests (such as scale insects) are easy to hide in the leaf sheaths and are difficult to completely remove; 6. Orchids need specific conditions (light, temperature difference, nutrients) to bloom, and some varieties bloom only once a year (such as Cymbidium goeringii). Ordinary flowering plants (such as Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Bougainvillea spectabilis) can promote flowering through simple pruning and fertilization. The typical problem is that housegrown orchids often "only grow leaves and do not bloom", and the light cycle and temperature difference need to be precisely controlled; 6. Orchids are sensitive to environmental changes. Repotting or moving the position may cause stress (bud abortion, stunted seedlings). Most ordinary flowers have strong adaptability. For example, Chlorophytum comosum and Hydrocotyle vulgaris can recover quickly.

[0004] Patent CN201710476259.7 discloses a special cultivation substrate for orchids. The components of the cultivation substrate and their parts by weight are as follows: 20 - 23 parts of straw, 15 - 18 parts of peanut shells, 12 - 16 parts of sawdust, 14 - 18 parts of pine needles, 5 - 8 parts of chinaberry seeds, 3 - 5 parts of cnidium fruits, 0.01 - 0.02 parts of seaweed fertilizer, 0.02 - 0.03 parts of rooting powder, 0.0005 - 0.0007 parts of organic matter decomposing agent, and 0.05 - 0.08 parts of fungicide. It is claimed that it has good air permeability, contains more nutrients, has a bactericidal function, can promote the healthy growth of orchids, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, can promote the rooting of orchid seedlings with poor root development, and improve the survival rate of orchid seedlings with poor root development. However, the cost of some of its components is relatively high. Although using fungicides can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, it also inhibits probiotics. In addition, it cannot continuously provide nutrients without fertilization, which is not conducive to the growth and ornamental effect of orchids in the long run. At the same time, it is not good for the health of the elderly and children in the case of indoor cultivation. For the relatively difficult cultivation of orchids, its substrate cannot reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation, and still may lead to orchid diseases, resulting in the situation of non - flowering or bud abortion if not careful.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to further study the fertilization - free planting substrate for orchids, extend the fertilization - free period, still be able to efficiently provide essential elements for plants without fertilization, reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation by adjusting water retention and air permeability, promote flowering, inhibit pests and diseases, and overall obtain better flower growth and ornamental effects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above - mentioned existing problems, the present invention discloses a fertilization - free planting substrate for orchids based on nitrogen - fixing, phosphorus - solubilizing and potassium - solubilizing bacteria. The components inside it have a synergistic effect, the fertilization - free period is extremely long, it can still efficiently provide essential elements for plants without fertilization, reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation by adjusting water retention and air permeability, promote flowering, inhibit pests and diseases, and overall obtain better flower growth and ornamental effects.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a fertilization - free planting substrate for orchids based on nitrogen - fixing, phosphorus - solubilizing and potassium - solubilizing bacteria, which includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide, nitrogen - fixing bacteria, phosphorus - solubilizing bacteria and potassium - solubilizing bacteria.

[0008] The core of the present invention lies in fertilization-free. Through reasonable component matching and proportion combination, microorganisms can continuously provide nutrients for orchids. Experiments have found that compared with the commonly used leaf mold planting medium for orchids and the existing improved substrates, the fertilization-free planting substrate of the present invention can not only provide a good cultivation environment for orchids, improve growth and promote flowering, but also ensure that orchids do not show malnutrition without fertilization for at least 1 year. Through the cultivation tests of other plants, it can be predicted that the fertilization-free period is at least more than 2 years. It can be seen that the fertilization-free period is extremely long.

[0009] Further, the length of the sphagnum moss ≥ 15 cm, dry and impurity-free; the bark is pine bark, with a particle diameter of 6 - 9 mm; the vermiculite has a particle diameter of 1 - 3 mm; the moisture content of the charcoal ≤ 2%; the organic matter content of the peat soil ≥ 50%; the humic acid is lignite humic acid, with an organic matter content ≥ 60%; the effective ingredient content of the seaweed oligosaccharide ≥ 90%; the effective viable counts of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are all ≥ 10 8 cfu / g.

[0010] Among them, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can provide nitrogen for orchids, the phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can decompose the phosphorus and potassium in charcoal and bark to provide nutrition for orchids, the sphagnum moss plays a role in moisturizing, the tree bark and vermiculite play a role in ventilation, and the humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharide play a role in further promoting the rooting and growth of flowers and the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms.

[0011] Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are a type of microorganisms that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or other nitrogen-containing compounds, and are mainly divided into the following categories: 1. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, etc. Among them, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria include Azotobacter ( Azotobacter ), Beijerinckia ( Beijerinckia ), Azospirillum ( Azospirillum ), etc., and anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria include Clostridium ( Clostridium ), Desulfovibrio ( Desulfovibrio ), etc.; 2. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including Rhizobium and Frankia, etc. Among them, Rhizobium includes Rhizobium ( Rhizobium ), Sinorhizobium ( Sinorhizobium ), Bradyrhizobium ( Bradyrhizobium ), etc., and Frankia includes Frankia ( Frankia ), etc.; 3. Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including Azospirillum ( Azospirillum ) and Klebsiella ( Klebsiella ), etc. Among them, Azospirillum ( Azospirillum ) includes Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirillum brasilense ), Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirillum lipoferum ), etc., and Klebsiella ( Klebsiella ) includes Klebsiella pneumoniae ( Klebsiellapneumoniae ), etc.; 4. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), including Anabaena spp. ( Anabaena ), Nostoc spp. ( Nostoc ), Trichodesmium spp. ( Trichodesmium ), etc.; 5. Archaeal nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including Methanococcus spp. ( Methanococcus ), Methanobacterium spp. ( Methanobacterium ), etc.

[0012] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are important functional microorganisms in the soil, which can convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into forms that can be absorbed by plants, thereby improving soil fertility and crop yield. The following is the classification and representative strains of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: 1. Bacteria, including Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium ), Pseudomonas spp. ( Pseudomonas spp. ), Salmonella spp. ( Serratia spp. ), etc.; 2. Fungi, including Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. ( Aspergillus spp. ), Rhizopus spp. ( Rhizopus spp. ), etc.; 3. Actinomycetes, including Streptomyces spp. ( Streptomyces spp. ), Streptomyces jingyangensis ( Streptomyces jingyangensis ), etc. The following is the classification and representative strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria: 1. Bacteria, including Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Bacillus mucilaginosus ), Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus laterosporus ( Bacillus laterosporus ), etc.; 2. Fungi, including Trichoderma harzianum ( Trichoderma harzianum ), Paecilomyces lilacinus ( Paecilomyces lilacinus ), etc.; 3. Other microbial communities, including photosynthetic bacteria ( Photosynthetic bacteria ), EM bacteria ( Effective Microorganisms ), etc.

[0013] The purpose of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is to fix nitrogen in the atmosphere into the substrate as nutrients for flower plants. The purpose of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria is to decompose organic matter in the substrate to provide phosphorus and potassium as nutrients for flower plants. Therefore, any microorganism with the above functions can be used as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the present invention; obviously, different microorganisms have different metabolic functions. In addition to the necessary nutrients, they can also produce specific polysaccharides, antibiotics, fatty acids, alkaloids and growth factors and other special substances, which can participate in the relevant physiological processes of flower plants. The various special substances produced by different strains may interact with each other theoretically and play a synergistic role in flower plants.

[0014] In some embodiments, by mass parts, it includes 50 - 100 parts of sphagnum moss, 10 - 30 parts of bark, 150 - 250 parts of vermiculite, 10 - 30 parts of charcoal, 10 - 30 parts of peat soil, 10 - 20 parts of humic acid, 10 - 20 parts of seaweed oligosaccharide, 1 - 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 - 2 parts of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and 1 - 2 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0015] In some embodiments, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirllum lipoferum ), ACCC 19390, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ), ACCC 04268, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ), CGMCC 1.153.

[0016] Taking Azospirillum lipoferum as an example, Azospirllum lipoferum is its Latin scientific name. Since the functions of different strains are not the same, the present invention uses the preservation number corresponding to the strain source purchased by this unit to limit the specific strain. For example, ACCC 19390 is the number of the China Center for Agricultural Culture Collection, and the number starting with CGMCC is the number of the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center. Technical personnel can directly purchase from the preservation center according to the number to ensure that an equivalent fertilizer-free substrate can be configured.

[0017] Compared with other combinations of microorganisms, through a large number of experiments, the present invention finds that the combination of Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus mucilaginosus can significantly improve the growth of orchid plants.

[0018] In some embodiments, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Rhizobium leguminosarum ( Rhizobium leguminosarum ), ACCC16119, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium ), ACCC 11099, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus circulans ( Bacillus circulans ), CGMCC 1.8826. Compared with other combinations of microorganisms, through a large number of experiments, the present invention finds that the combination of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus circulans can significantly improve the stress resistance of orchid plants, and the sensitivity to water and temperature decreases.

[0019] In some embodiments, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Azotobacter chroococcum ( Azotobacter chroococcum ), ACCC11105, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), CGMCC 3.15663, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus edaphicus ( Bacillus edaphicus ), ACCC 11029. Compared with other combinations of microorganisms, through a large number of experiments, the present invention finds that the combination of Azotobacter chroococcum, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus edaphicus can promote the flowering of orchids and reduce the occurrence of bud abortion.

[0020] In some ways, it also includes sepiolite powder and proline.

[0021] Sepiolite powder is the powder of sepiolite. Sepiolite is a hydrous magnesium-rich silicate clay mineral with a layer-chain structure, and its chemical composition is silicon and magnesium. The content of SiO2 is generally between 54% and 60%, and the content of MgO is mostly in the range of 21% to 25%. Proline is a cyclic imino acid. The present invention discovers that sepiolite powder can change the water retention rate of the substrate according to the change of temperature, and proline can protect microbial cells from dehydration. The combination of the two can exactly enable plants and microorganisms to adapt to the water change in the special substrate of the present invention, maintain the stable activity of the microbial community, improve the stress resistance of orchid plants, make orchid plants more adaptable to environmental changes, and reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation.

[0022] In some ways, it also includes medical stone powder and bamboo vinegar liquid.

[0023] Medical stone powder is the powder product of medical stone. Medical stone is a natural silicate mineral, a composite mineral or medicinal rock with certain biological activity. Bamboo vinegar liquid is a liquid substance obtained by collecting the gas generated during the carbonization of bamboo and cooling this gas at room temperature. Bamboo vinegar liquid contains nearly 300 kinds of natural high-molecular organic compounds, including organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters and trace alkaline components, etc. The present invention discovers that medical stone powder continuously releases trace elements under the action of the microbial community, and bamboo vinegar liquid can provide rich bioactive substances to activate the activity of beneficial microorganisms and plant roots. The two have a synergistic effect, regulate the physiological pathways related to flowering of orchid plants, can promote the flowering of orchids, and inhibit the occurrence of bud abortion.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of a compound bactericide for preparing a reagent for promoting the growth of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide and the compound bactericide. The compound bactericide includes Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirllum lipoferum ), Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ), and Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ) CGMCC 1.153.

[0025] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of a compound bactericide for preparing a reagent for improving the stress resistance of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide and the compound bactericide. The compound bactericide includes Rhizobium leguminosarum ( Rhizobium leguminosarum ), Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium), ACCC 11099 and Bacillus circulans ( Bacillus circulans ), CGMCC 1.8826.

[0026] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of a compound bacterial agent for preparing a reagent for promoting the flowering of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate and inhibiting the withering of flower buds. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides and the compound bacterial agent. The compound bacterial agent includes Azotobacter chroococcum ( Azotobacter chroococcum ), ACCC 11105, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), CGMCC 3.15663 and Bacillus edaphicus ( Bacillus edaphicus ), ACCC 11029.

[0027] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of a composition for preparing a reagent for improving the stress resistance of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the composition includes sepiolite powder and proline.

[0028] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of a composition for preparing a reagent for promoting the flowering of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the composition includes medical stone powder and bamboo vinegar liquid.

[0029] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of a composition for preparing a reagent for improving the effect of a fertilizer-free planting substrate for orchids containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. The composition includes humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides.

[0030] Generally, there is a certain antagonistic effect between various strains, mainly because there is a certain competition between strains under the conditions of limited space and nutrients. At present, there are mainly two ways to reduce the antagonistic effect between strains. One is to obtain a combination of strains that can coexist benignly through a large number of screenings, and the other is to construct new strain lines through environmental induction or genetic engineering. No matter which way, it requires a large amount of time and financial costs.

[0031] A major discovery of the present invention is that in the presence of humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can all play a good role in providing essential nutrients to orchid plants. Compared with the growth of orchid plants in the control group without humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides, the growth situation is significantly improved. And compared with the control group in which humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides are replaced with other equivalent agricultural reagents, the growth situation of orchid plants is also significantly improved. Finally, compared with the control group without strains, single humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides do not play an equivalent and significant role in improving the growth situation of orchid plants. It is comprehensively judged that humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides synergistically promote the growth of orchid plants by improving plant-microbe interactions and thus inhibiting the antagonism between nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria; it is more convenient than the method of screening a large number of strain combinations and constructing new strain lines and can achieve equivalent or better results.

[0032] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention discloses an orchid fertilizer-free planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. The components inside have a synergistic effect, and the fertilizer-free period is extremely long. It can still efficiently provide essential elements for plants without fertilization, reduce the cultivation difficulty of orchids by adjusting water retention and air permeability, promote flowering, and inhibit pests and diseases, and overall obtain better flower growth and ornamental effects; 2. The present invention has obtained three substrates that can achieve specific effects through a large number of experiments. All three substrates contain humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides, and the growth trend of orchid plants is promoted by the deployment of different microorganisms, the sensitivity of orchids to changes in environmental temperature, moisture, etc. is reduced, and the flowering of orchids is promoted; 3. The present invention has found through a large number of experiments that the combination of sepiolite powder and proline can just enable plants and microorganisms to adapt to the water changes in the special substrate of the present invention, maintain the activity stability of the microbial community, improve the stress resistance of orchid plants, make orchid plants more adaptable to environmental changes, and reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation; in addition, the present invention has found through a large number of experiments that medical stone powder continuously releases trace elements under the action of the microbial community, and bamboo vinegar liquid can provide rich bioactive substances, and the two have a synergistic effect, which can promote the flowering of orchids and inhibit the occurrence of bud abortion; 4. The present invention has obtained the use of humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides as reagents for preparing a fertilizer-free planting substrate for orchids containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria with improved effects through a large number of experiments and theoretical research. The present invention has found that in the presence of both humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides, nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can produce a good microbe-plant synergistic effect with plant roots, promote the growth of the above-ground part and roots of orchids, and thus produce better ornamental effects. The principle may be to simultaneously promote the production of substances by plant roots that promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms and the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in producing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other beneficial nutrients. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are reagents and materials available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified. Example 1: Preparation of orchid fertilizer-free planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria

[0034] Calculated by weight, it includes 50-100 parts of sphagnum moss, 10-30 parts of bark, 150-250 parts of vermiculite, 10-30 parts of charcoal, 10-30 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1-2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1-2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 1-2 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria; wherein the nitrogen-fixing bacteria include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bellia nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing spirulina, rhizobium, Frankia, and gram One or more of the genera Rabbiella, Anabaena, Nostoc, Trichoderma, Methanococcus, and Methanobacterium; Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria include one or more of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Streptomyces; Potassium-solubilizing bacteria include one or more of Bacillus gelatinosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus laterosporus, Trichoderma harzianum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, photosynthetic bacteria, and EM bacteria. The raw materials are weighed according to the above ratios and fully mixed to obtain an orchid fertilizer-free planting matrix based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0035] The above raw materials need to be screened, and the screening indicators are as follows: the length of sphagnum moss is ≥15cm, dry and free of impurities; the bark is pine bark, with a particle diameter of 6-9mm; the particle diameter of vermiculite is 1-3mm; the moisture content of charcoal is ≤2%; the organic matter content of peat soil is ≥50%; the humic acid is lignite humic acid, with an organic matter content of ≥60%; the effective ingredient content of seaweed oligosaccharides is ≥90%; the effective live bacterial counts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are all ≥10 8 cfu / g.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate that can significantly improve the growth of orchid plants: by weight, 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of lipid nitrogen-fixing spirulina, 1 part of fluorescein Pseudomonas and 1 part of colloid Bacillus are fully mixed. Except for the fungicide, all others are purchased from commercial sources according to the corresponding parameters. Lipid nitrogen-fixing spirulina can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number ACCC 19390, fluorescein Pseudomonas can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number ACCC 04268, and colloid Bacillus can be purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number CGMCC 1.153.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate that can reduce the sensitivity of orchid plants to moisture and temperature: by weight, 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharide, 1 part of pea root nodule bacteria, 1 part of Bacillus megaterium and 1 part of Bacillus circulans are fully mixed. Pea root nodule bacteria can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Administration Center according to the deposit number ACCC 16119, Bacillus megaterium can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Administration Center according to the deposit number ACCC 11099, and Bacillus circulans can be purchased from the China General Microorganism Culture Collection Administration Center according to the deposit number CGMCC 1.8826.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate that can promote orchid flowering: by weight, 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharide, 1 part of brown ball nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 part of Aspergillus niger and 1 part of soil Bacillus are fully mixed. Brown ball nitrogen-fixing bacteria can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number ACCC 11105, Aspergillus niger can be purchased from the China General Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number CGMCC3.15663, and soil Bacillus can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center according to the deposit number ACCC11029. Example 2: Comparative test of orchid fertilization-free cycle

[0039] Select Cymbidium goeringii 'Songmei' as the test variety. Orchids are relatively sensitive to the environment. According to the recommended method, transplant them in mid-September of the previous year. Control the day and night temperature within the range of 15-25°C with an air conditioner. Select a purple sand pot with air permeability as the cultivation container. Lay ceramsite at the bottom for drainage. The diameter is 2-3 cm larger than the plant. Gently tap the original pot wall to take out the plant, shake off the old soil and wash the roots. Cut off the rotten and aging roots, soak and disinfect them with carbendazim and then dry them. Place the plant in the center of the pot, spread out the roots, fill with planting medium and gently shake and compact it. Fill the soil to 2-3 cm from the pot edge, pour enough water for root fixing. After transplantation, place it in a cool and ventilated place, keep the soil slightly moist, avoid direct sunlight, and harden off for 2 weeks. During this period, gradually restore the light.

[0040] For the above steps, set 5 parallels in each group. The blank control group uses the most commonly used orchid leaf mold as the filling planting medium, the negative control group uses the substrate prepared according to Patent CN201710476259.7 as the filling planting medium, and the experimental group uses the substrate prepared in Example 1 that can significantly improve the growth of orchid plants as the filling planting medium. Continuously cultivate. When it is found that the orchid shows malnutrition (lack of nitrogen: the whole leaves turn yellow, showing light yellowish green or light green, the leaf texture is thin and dull, the new leaves are short and narrow, and the old leaves decline in advance; lack of phosphorus: purple-red spots appear on the leaf margin, the leaf tip dries up and curls back, the leaves show a "V" shape shrinkage, flower bud differentiation is blocked, and the plant grows slowly; lack of potassium: the leaf tip and edge turn yellow and brown, the main and lateral veins are thin and weak, and the leaves are soft and drooping and easy to break), record the time. The experiment ends 1 year after it starts. Calculate the mean value within the group. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1: Test results of the fertilizer-free cycle of orchid plants corresponding to different planting substrates (n = 5)

[0042] According to the test results, it can be seen that malnutrition appears after one month when using ordinary leaf mold. Using the existing improved substrate for cultivation can extend the fertilizer-free period by 1 month. The substrate of the present invention can ensure that the orchid does not show malnutrition while being fertilizer-free for at least 1 year, significantly extending the fertilizer-free cycle. Since the measurement of the actual fertilizer-free cycle takes a long time, the present invention also uses plants such as Calendula officinalis with a short time from sowing to flowering to simulate nutrient consumption. Through the test results and reasoning, it can be known that the actual fertilizer-free cycle of the present invention is at least more than 2 years. Example 3: Comparative test on the growth of orchid plants

[0043] The transplanting, seedling slowing and cultivation operations of Chunlan "Songmei" were carried out with reference to the method of Example 2. Five parallels were set for each group. The control group used the most commonly used leaf mold for orchids as the planting material for filling. Fertilization was carried out according to the recommended standard. The experimental group set multiple groups. The present embodiment cites the following representative groups: Experimental group 1, calculated by mass parts, took 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of lipid nitrogen-fixing spirulina, 1 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 1 part of Bacillus colloids. The experimental groups were divided into two groups and the matrix prepared by the above method was used as the filling plant material; in experimental group 2, the humic acid in experimental group 1 was replaced by biochar; in experimental group 3, the seaweed oligosaccharides in experimental group 1 were replaced by chitosan oligosaccharides; in experimental group 4, the fluorescing Pseudomonas in experimental group 1 was not added; in experimental group 5, the gelatinous Bacillus in experimental group 1 was not added; in experimental group 6, the lipid Azospirillum in experimental group 1 was replaced by round brown Azotobacter; in experimental group 7, the fluorescing Pseudomonas in experimental group 1 was replaced by Rhizopus; in experimental group 8, the gelatinous Bacillus in experimental group 1 was replaced by Trichoderma harzianum.

[0044] During and after the acclimatization period, the cultivation conditions of each group were strictly controlled to be the same. After the acclimatization period, each group of orchid plants were placed by the indoor window facing east and watered once every 5 days. When watering, they should be watered thoroughly until water flows out from the bottom of the pot. At the same time, water was sprayed on the leaves and the surrounding environment through a sprayer to increase the air humidity. After one month of treatment, the orchid plants produced new buds and grew into new seedlings. The number of new seedlings produced and the maximum height were measured. The more new seedlings and the greater the height, the better the growth of the orchid plants. The average of 5 parallel values in the group was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2: Test results of orchid plant growth corresponding to different planting substrates (n=5)

[0046] By comparison, the number of new seedlings and the maximum height of the new seedlings produced by the orchids planted in the experimental group 1 are significantly greater than those in the control group, indicating that the fertilizer-free planting matrix of the present invention has the effect of significantly improving the growth of orchid plants. By comparing the experimental groups 1-3, it can be seen that humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides may have a synergistic effect, and when any component is replaced by a reagent with similar functions, the growth of orchid plants is reduced. By comparing the experimental groups 1 and 4-5, it can be seen that when a functional bacteria is lacking, the growth of orchid plants is reduced. By comparing the experimental groups 1 and 6-8, it can be seen that when nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are contained at the same time, even if the strains are different, they have similar effects on improving the growth of orchid plants, and the effect of the experimental group 1 is still significantly better than that of other groups, indicating that lipid nitrogen-fixing spirillum, fluorescein Pseudomonas and gelatinous Bacillus can produce a synergistic effect under the conditions of humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides, and therefore it is used as one of the preferred schemes.

[0047] In addition, by observing the leaves of the orchid plants in each group, the orchid leaves of Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Groups 6-8 were shiny, and the leaves felt tough and strong when touched by hand, indicating that the corresponding orchid plants were growing well. Example 4: Comparative test 1 of environmental sensitivity of orchid plants

[0048] Chunlan "Songmei" was selected as the test variety and transplanted in the manner of Example 2. Four groups were set in each group, each with five parallels. The groups respectively investigated the effects of excessive light, high temperature, insufficient watering and excessive watering on the growth of orchids during cultivation in different substrates. The control group used the most commonly used leaf mold for orchids as the filling material and fertilized according to the recommended standard. The experimental group was set up with multiple groups. The following representative groups were cited in this embodiment: Experimental group 1, calculated by mass, 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of pea rhizobium, 1 part of Bacillus megaterium and 1 part of Bacillus circulans were fully mixed and prepared by the above method. of matrix as the filling planting material; Experimental Group 2, the humic acid in Experimental Group 1 was replaced by biochar; Experimental Group 3, the seaweed oligosaccharides in Experimental Group 1 were replaced by chitosan oligosaccharides; Experimental Group 4, Bacillus megaterium in Experimental Group 1 was not added; Experimental Group 5, Bacillus circulans in Experimental Group 1 was not added; Experimental Group 6, the Rhizobium leguminosarum in Experimental Group 1 was replaced by Azospirillum lipophilum; Experimental Group 7, the Bacillus megaterium in Experimental Group 1 was replaced by Pseudomonas fluorescens; Experimental Group 8, the Bacillus circulans in Experimental Group 1 was replaced by Bacillus mucilaginosus; Experimental Group 9, 1 portion of Rhizobium leguminosarum, 1 portion of Bacillus megaterium and 1 portion of Bacillus circulans in Experimental Group 1 were replaced by 1 portion of Azospirillum lipophilum, 1 portion of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 1 portion of Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0049] During and after the seedling acclimatization period, the cultivation conditions of each group were strictly controlled to be the same. After the seedling acclimatization was completed, the orchid plants in the over-light group were placed on the south side of the indoor bed to increase the light time. The orchid plants in the other groups were placed on the east side of the indoor window. The high-temperature group was placed in a room without air-conditioning. The maximum indoor temperature during the day could reach 30°C. The insufficient watering group was watered once every 10 days, the excessive watering group was watered once every 2 days, and the other groups were watered once every 5 days. When watering, water should be thoroughly poured until the water flows out from the bottom of the pot. At the same time, water was sprayed on the leaves and the surrounding environment through a sprayer to increase the air humidity. This treatment was carried out for 2 weeks, and the conditions of the orchid plants corresponding to different substrates were observed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0050] Table 3: Sensitivity of orchid plants to the environment corresponding to different planting substrates

[0051] According to the above test results, using conventional planting materials to plant orchids will lead to leaf atrophy, root rot, etc. under the conditions of excessive light, high temperature, insufficient or excessive watering, and will subsequently lead to the death of the orchid plants; the substrate of experimental group 1 has the best effect on planting orchids, and can basically maintain health under 2 weeks of stress treatment. The subsequent timely adjustment of cultivation conditions has little effect on the orchids; the situations of experimental groups 2-5 are similar to those planted with conventional planting materials; experimental groups 6-9 have a certain effect on improving adaptability to environmental stress compared with conventional planting materials, but they are significantly inferior to the substrate of experimental group 1. It can be seen that there may be special synergistic effects between pea rhizobia, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulans, and between them and the orchid roots, which reduces the sensitivity of orchid plants to the environment and helps to reduce the difficulty of orchid cultivation. Example 5: Comparative test 2 on environmental sensitivity of orchid plants

[0052] Regarding the effect of improving hydrothermal conditions on orchid plants, based on the preferred matrix in Example 4 (referred to as matrix 1 in this example), the present invention also obtained a matrix that can adaptably reduce the effects of temperature and moisture changes on orchid plants in previous studies, specifically as follows: calculated by mass, take 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 10 parts of sepiolite powder, 0.25 parts of L-proline, 1 part of pea rhizobium, 1 part of Bacillus megaterium and 1 part of Bacillus circulans, mix them thoroughly, and use the matrix prepared by the above method as the filling planting material, recorded as matrix 2; matrix 1 and matrix 2 are used as the filling planting materials during transplanting.

[0053] The experiment was conducted with reference to the method in Example 4, and special water and heat conditions were set, that is, the indoor temperature was set to 20°C at night and 30°C during the day in the first week after the seedlings were grown, watering was performed only on the first day, the watering amount was reduced to half of the normal level, and the air humidity was not increased; watering was performed on the 1st and 4th days of the second week; and the changes in the orchids were observed within two weeks to confirm the adaptability of the substrate to the changes in temperature and moisture of the orchids. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0054] Table 4: Adaptability of orchid plants to temperature and water changes in different planting media

[0055] According to the above test results, under the dual stress of high temperature and water shortage, even if the orchid is cultivated as the preferred substrate in Example 4, due to the characteristics of the orchid itself, it will still cause flesh softening and root rot; however, the present invention has found a special substrate composition that can maintain the health of orchids from a large number of experiments, which contains sepiolite powder and L-proline. From the perspective of principle, sepiolite powder can change the water retention rate of the substrate according to changes in temperature, and proline can protect microbial cells from dehydration. The combination of the two can just enable plants and microorganisms to adapt to the moisture changes in the special substrate of the present invention, maintain the activity and stability of the microbial community, improve the stress resistance of orchid plants, make orchid plants more adaptable to environmental changes, and reduce the difficulty of orchid planting; the present invention has also tested sepiolite powder and L-proline analogs, but found that they do not have similar effects, and the specific principles need further study. Example 6: Comparative test 1 on promoting flowering of orchid plants

[0056] Compared with other orchid varieties, the spring orchid "Songmei" is more difficult to bloom, but its flowers are beautiful and the fragrance is fresh, so it is the most popular variety. It is of great research significance to promote its flowering. The present invention is based on a fertilizer-free matrix, studies its composition, and compares its flowering conditions. This embodiment cites some representative test results.

[0057] Transplanting was carried out according to the method of Example 2. The control group used leaf mold, which is the most commonly used orchid planting material, as the filling planting material. Fertilization was carried out according to the recommended standard. Multiple experimental groups were set up. The following representative groups are cited in this embodiment: Experimental Group 1, calculated by mass, took 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of brown ball nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 part of Aspergillus niger and 1 part of soil Bacillus, and mixed them thoroughly, and the matrix prepared by the above method was used as the filling planting material; Experimental Group 2, the humic acid in Experimental Group 1 was replaced with biochar; Experimental Group 2, the humic acid in Experimental Group 1 was replaced with biochar; Experimental group 3, the seaweed oligosaccharides in experimental group 1 were replaced with chitosan oligosaccharides; experimental group 4, Aspergillus niger in experimental group 1 was not added; experimental group 5, soil Bacillus in experimental group 1 was not added; experimental group 6, the brown spherical nitrogen-fixing bacteria in experimental group 1 was replaced with lipid nitrogen-fixing spirulina; experimental group 7, the Aspergillus niger in experimental group 1 was replaced with Pseudomonas fluorescens; experimental group 8, the soil Bacillus in experimental group 1 was replaced with Bacillus mucilaginosus; experimental group 9, 1 portion of brown spherical nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 portion of Aspergillus niger and 1 portion of soil Bacillus in experimental group 1 were replaced with 1 portion of lipid nitrogen-fixing spirulina, 1 portion of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 1 portion of Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0058] During and after the seedling acclimatization period, the cultivation conditions of each group were strictly controlled to be the same. After the seedling acclimatization was completed, each group of orchid plants were placed by the indoor window facing east and watered once every 5 days. When watering, they should be watered thoroughly until water flows out from the bottom of the pot. At the same time, water was sprayed on the leaves and the surrounding environment through a sprayer to increase the air humidity. At the end of December, it entered the vernalization stage. The orchid plants were placed by the indoor south window to receive more light. The ambient temperature was controlled in the range of 0-10℃. At the beginning of February, the ambient temperature was raised, and the spring orchids bloomed naturally. The total number of flower buds was recorded before flowering, and the total number of flowers of each group was counted after flowering. The average of 5 parallels in the group was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0059] Table 5: Flowering test results of orchid plants corresponding to different planting substrates (n=5)

[0060] Compared with the control group, the number of flower buds and the number of flowers in experimental group 1 were significantly increased, indicating that the matrix of experimental group 1 has the effect of promoting the production of flower buds and flowering; the number of flower buds and the number of flowers in experimental groups 2-5 are both low, and the number of flowers in experimental groups 6-9 is high, but not as high as that in experimental group 1; indicating that in the matrix of experimental group 1, brown ball nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Aspergillus niger and soil Bacillus have a synergistic effect of promoting the production of flower buds and flowering in the presence of seaweed oligosaccharides and humic acid. The flowers and fragrance of each group were observed, and it was found that the flowers of experimental group 1 were the largest and the fragrance was fresh, and the flowering quality was improved. Example 7: Comparative test 2 on promoting flowering of orchid plants

[0061] The main reason for the bud break is the change in the physiological mechanism of orchids caused by changes in the environment, especially when the temperature, light, moisture, etc. change greatly, a large number of buds may break. Therefore, the research on inhibiting the bud break is of obvious significance. The preferred matrix in Example 6 is used as the comparative matrix in this embodiment, recorded as matrix 1. The present invention has found a matrix that can eliminate the bud break in the preliminary experiment, specifically: take 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1 part of brown ball nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 part of Aspergillus niger and 1 part of soil Bacillus, and mix them thoroughly. The matrix prepared by the above method is used as the filling planting material, recorded as matrix 2.

[0062] Test was carried out with reference to the method in Example 6, 5 parallels were set, and it was found that, as in Example 6, although substrate 1 significantly increased the number of flowers blooming, there was still some bud breaking; 5 parallels of substrate 2 all produced bud breaking, and the number of flowers blooming was 9-10 respectively, so medical stone powder and bamboo vinegar had an inhibitory effect on bud breaking, and could further improve the number of flowers blooming of orchids at the same time; for the quality of flowers blooming, the quality of flowers blooming of the two substrates was similar, the flowers were larger and the fragrance of the flowers was fresh.

[0063] From a theoretical perspective, the medical stone powder continuously releases trace elements under the action of the microbiota. The bamboo vinegar solution can provide rich bioactive substances to activate the beneficial microorganisms and the activity of plant roots. The two have a synergistic effect, regulating the physiological pathways related to flowering of orchid plants, promoting the flowering of orchids, and inhibiting the occurrence of bud abortion. Example 8: Substrate composition test

[0064] Based on the research of the foregoing examples, it can be seen that the fertilizer-free substrate of the present invention can not only comprehensively provide the nutrients required by flower plants, but also can directionally improve certain properties by adjusting microorganisms. This example explores the influence of other components except microorganisms on the overall effect.

[0065] Based on the preferred substrate in Example 3, the humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides in it were adjusted and replaced with other types of reagents. Samples of each group were taken during the flowering period and the microbial activity in the corresponding substrate was measured. Specifically, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was measured (chloroform fumigation method). The results are shown in Table 6.

[0066] Table 6: Microbial activity of each group of substrates during the flowering period

[0067] According to the analysis of the above results, it can be seen that humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides play a synergistic promoting role in the reproduction of microorganisms in the substrate. Replacing one of them will significantly reduce the microbial activity in the substrate; unexpectedly, when reducing one of the microorganisms, the microbial activity is even higher than that in the substrate containing three microorganisms but not containing humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides at the same time; obviously, the reduction of the microbial species instead increases the microbial activity, indicating that there may be competition and antagonism mechanisms between different microorganisms, weakening the microbial activity, and the combination of humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides is beneficial to promoting the symbiosis of microorganisms and exerting the functions of various microorganisms.

[0068] Analysis from the principle perspective is as follows: First, humic acid and seaweed oligosaccharides synergistically improve the rhizosphere microenvironment. Humic acid, as an organic carbon source and electron shuttle, enhances the water retention and air permeability of the substrate, providing a habitat for microorganisms. Seaweed oligosaccharides, as an easily degradable carbon source, rapidly stimulate microbial metabolism. Their low molecular weight characteristics can penetrate into the microbial cell membrane and directly serve as signal molecules or energy sources. Second, they synergistically activate microbial functions. Humic acid promotes the colonization of beneficial bacteria, and its quinone group participates in electron transfer to support the respiration of anaerobic bacteria. Seaweed oligosaccharides specifically induce the chemotaxis of rhizobia and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and regulate biofilm formation through microbial quorum sensing. The two may synergistically stimulate microorganisms to secrete substances such as ACC deaminase, siderophores, and plant hormones, jointly enhancing nutrient cycling and disease resistance. Third, they synergistically regulate plant physiological responses. Seaweed oligosaccharides, as PAMP / DAMP analogs, activate plant immunity (SA / JA pathway) through the MAPK cascade and Ca 2+ signals, and at the same time up-regulate growth-related genes. Humic acid mimics plant hormones, enhancing root development and photosynthetic pigment synthesis. Humic acid chelates salt ions to relieve salt stress. Seaweed oligosaccharides induce the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD), synergistically reducing ROS damage. Fourth, nutrient synergistic effect. Humic acid protects nitrogen fertilizers through colloidal adsorption, reducing NH3 volatilization or NO3 - loss. Its aromatic structure adsorbs phosphate groups, slowly releasing phosphorus. Seaweed oligosaccharides stimulate the roots to secrete organic acids, dissolving insoluble phosphorus. Its sulfate group promotes K + absorption. Example 9: Component ratio test

[0069] In this example, a ratio test of each component in the substrate was carried out to explore the optimal ratio. The following lists several representative substrate compositions after testing. The length of sphagnum moss is ≥15 cm, dry and free of impurities; the bark is pine bark, with a particle diameter of 6 - 9 mm; the vermiculite has a particle diameter of 1 - 3 mm; the water content of charcoal is ≤2%; the organic matter content of peat soil is ≥50%; the humic acid is lignite humic acid, with an organic matter content of ≥60%; the effective ingredient content of seaweed oligosaccharides is ≥90%; the effective viable counts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are all ≥10 8 cfu / g; The number of newly planted seedlings was measured in the manner of Example 2, as shown in Table 7 specifically.

[0070] Table 7: The number of newly planted seedlings in substrates with different component ratios during the flowering period (n = 5)

[0071] According to the results, it can be seen that each component can achieve better effects only within a certain proportion. Through a large number of experiments, the following proportions are summarized: including 50 - 100 parts of sphagnum moss, 10 - 30 parts of bark, 150 - 250 parts of vermiculite, 10 - 30 parts of charcoal, 10 - 30 parts of peat soil, 10 - 20 parts of humic acid, 10 - 20 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 - 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 - 2 parts of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and 1 - 2 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the most preferred is 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 part of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and 1 part of potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Example 10: Compatibility test for different types of orchids

[0072] Orchids generally refer to the plants of the genus Cymbidium in the Orchidaceae family native to China, mainly referring to terrestrial orchids, including types such as Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium faberi, and Cymbidium kanran. Since Cymbidium goeringii is the most popular and has a relatively high cultivation difficulty, Cymbidium goeringii was used as the test variety in the above examples. In this example, the test situation of the present invention for other types of orchids is listed. "Xiahuangmei", "Qihei Cymbidium sinense", "Chengmei", and "Meiqi" were selected as the test varieties. Potted orchids of the corresponding varieties were purchased. The control group was not treated with anything and was normally fertilized. The experimental group was repotted according to the method of Example 2, and filled with a fertilizer-free substrate containing 70 parts of sphagnum moss, 20 parts of bark, 210 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of charcoal, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1 part of Azospirillum lipoferum, 1 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 1 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus. The cultivation conditions of the two groups were strictly controlled to be the same, and the recommended cultivation methods for the corresponding types were followed. After 2 months of cultivation, it was found that the leaf length and leaf number of the orchid plants in each experimental group were greater than those in the control group, indicating that the fertilizer-free substrate of the present invention has a similar effect of promoting the growth of various orchids; similarly, it also has the effect of reducing the sensitivity to environmental changes and promoting flowering.

[0073] From the perspective of principles, although the types are different, they all belong to the genus Cymbidium in the Orchidaceae family. Their various physiological processes are highly similar, their nutrient requirements are similar, their interactions with microorganisms are also similar, and the ways they are affected by special substances produced by microorganisms, such as seaweed oligosaccharides, are also similar. The principles by which the fertilizer-free substrate exerts corresponding effects on various orchids are interlinked, and the efficacy for specific varieties can be further improved through fine adjustments such as proportions.

[0074] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent modifications or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An orchid fertilizer-free planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, characterized in that, Including sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

2. The orchid no-fertilizer planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria as described in claim 1, wherein The length of the sphagnum moss is ≥ 15 cm, and it is dry and free of impurities; the bark is pine bark with a particle diameter of 6 - 9 mm; the particle diameter of the vermiculite is 1 - 3 mm; the water content of the charcoal is ≤ 2%; the organic matter content of the peat soil is ≥ 50%; the humic acid is lignite humic acid with an organic matter content of ≥ 60%; the effective component content of the seaweed oligosaccharide is ≥ 90%; the effective viable counts of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are all ≥ 10 8 cfu / g.

3. The orchid no-fertilizer planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, Calculated by mass, it includes 50-100 parts of sphagnum moss, 10-30 parts of bark, 150-250 parts of vermiculite, 10-30 parts of charcoal, 10-30 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 1-2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1-2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 1-2 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

4. The orchid non-fertilization planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The nitrogen-fixing bacterium is Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirllum lipoferum ), ACCC 19390; the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium is Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ), ACCC 04268; the potassium-solubilizing bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ), CGMCC 1.

153.

5. The orchid non-fertilization planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The nitrogen-fixing bacterium is Rhizobium leguminosarum ( Rhizobium leguminosarum ), ACCC 16119, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium is Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium ), ACCC 11099, and the potassium-solubilizing bacterium is Bacillus circulans ( Bacillus circulans ), CGMCC 1.8826.

6. The orchid non-fertilization planting substrate based on nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Azotobacter chroococcum ( Azotobacter chroococcum ), ACCC 11105, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), CGMCC 3.15663, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus edaphicus ( Bacillus edaphicus ), ACCC 11029.

7. Use of a compound microbial agent for preparing a reagent for promoting the growth of orchids planted in a fertilization-free planting substrate, characterized in that, The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide, and the compound microbial agent described above. The compound microbial agent includes Azospirillum lipoferum ( Azospirllum lipoferum ), ACCC 19390, Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ), ACCC 04268, and Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ), CGMCC 1.

153.

8. Use of a compound bacterial agent for preparing a reagent for improving the stress resistance of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate, characterized in that, The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides and the compound microbial agent described above. The compound microbial agent includes Rhizobium leguminosarum ( Rhizobium leguminosarum ), ACCC 16119, Bacillus megaterium ( Bacillus megaterium ), ACCC 11099 and Bacillus circulans ( Bacillus circulans ), CGMCC 1.8826.

9. Use of a compound microbial agent for preparing a reagent that promotes the flowering of orchids planted in a fertilizer-free planting substrate and inhibits bud abortion. The fertilizer-free planting substrate includes sphagnum moss, bark, vermiculite, charcoal, peat soil, humic acid, seaweed oligosaccharides, and the compound microbial agent. The compound microbial agent includes Azotobacter chroococcum ( Azotobacter chroococcum ), ACCC 11105, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), CGMCC 3.15663, and Bacillus edaphicus ( Bacillus edaphicus ), ACCC11029.

10. Use of a composition for preparing a reagent for enhancing the effect of an orchid fertilizer-free planting substrate containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, characterized in that, The composition comprises humic acid and algal oligosaccharides.

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