Medicine injection method for precisely treating focus in lung under guidance of bronchoscope ultrasonic small probe

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of methods for treating focuses in lungs, in particular to a method for injecting medicine into peripheral cavernous focuses of lungs under the guidance of a bronchoscope ultrasonic small probe. According to the technical scheme, the medicine injection method for precise treatment of the focus in the lung under guidance of the bronchoscope ultrasonic small probe comprises the steps that firstly, preoperative evaluation is conducted on the illness state of a patient; 2, an equipment preparation stage; step 3, anesthesia; 4, bronchial insertion and focus positioning; 5, guide sheath tube fixation and medicine injection preparation are carried out; sixthly, precise medicine injection is conducted; and step 7, postoperative observation and treatment. High-resolution CT is combined with computer simulation scanning to reconstruct a focus in a three-dimensional mode, the relation between the lung focus and a bronchial tree and the path from the bronchial tree to the focus are positioned, a small ultrasonic probe is used for carrying a guiding sheath to stretch into the path, and after it is confirmed through an ultrasonic image that the small ultrasonic probe reaches the focus position, the small ultrasonic probe is withdrawn, and the focus position of the lung is determined. And performing focus medicine injection treatment in the target bronchial tube by using an injector through the ultrasonic guide sheath tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the treatment of pulmonary lesions, and in particular to a method for accurately treating and injecting drugs into pulmonary lesions guided by a miniaturized probe of endobronchial ultrasound. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous progress of medical imaging technology, especially the popularization of chest CT, the detection rate of pulmonary lesions has been significantly improved. However, for peripheral pulmonary lesions, such as pulmonary tuberculosis cavities and aspergilloma parasitism in cavities, due to their special anatomical locations and pathological characteristics, conventional bronchoscopes have limitations in the treatment of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Although certain curative effects have been achieved in recent years through methods such as local drug spraying treatment with bronchoscopes, the accuracy is still not ideal enough.

[0003] Specifically, since the bronchi are scattered in a dendritic shape, when injecting drugs with a conventional bronchoscope, most of the drugs will be injected into adjacent bronchi, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of drugs reaching the target lesion. In addition, the openings of some cavities are narrow or located in the peripheral lungs. Even for an ultra-thin bronchoscope with a small diameter, it is difficult to accurately find the opening of the cavity. When there is a large amount of bronchial secretion, it will also affect the microscopic vision, further increasing the difficulty of positioning, which may lead to the failure of finding the cavity. For the local drug treatment of peripheral pulmonary lesions, the lack of accuracy may cause the drug to enter blood vessels or normal tissues by mistake, thus affecting the overall drug injection effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the lack of accuracy in the local drug treatment of peripheral pulmonary lesions may cause the drug to enter blood vessels or normal tissues by mistake, thus affecting the overall drug injection effect.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for accurately treating and injecting drugs into pulmonary lesions guided by a miniaturized probe of endobronchial ultrasound, and its steps are as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Preoperative assessment of the patient's condition, improvement of physical examination and relevant auxiliary examinations, exclusion of contraindications for bronchoscopy, and assessment of whether the patient is suitable for treatment guided by a miniaturized probe of endobronchial ultrasound, including the patient's medical history, allergy history, medication history, etc., and preset the path leading to the pulmonary lesion through the bronchus by chest CT or a combination of chest CT and virtual navigation;

[0007] Step 2: Equipment preparation stage, select a bronchoscope, a miniaturized probe, a guiding sheath, an injection device, chest thin-layer CT scans (slice thickness ≤ 3 mm), a virtual navigation device, etc.;

[0008] Step 3: Anesthesia, select general anesthesia or local anesthesia according to the complexity of the lesion and the patient's tolerance;

[0009] Step 4: Bronchoscope Insertion and Lesion Localization. Insert the bronchoscope into the airway through the patient's mouth or nose, and extend it along the path preset by CT or virtual navigation to the target bronchial area; Insert the ultrasonic small probe with a guiding sheath through the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and confirm that the ultrasonic small probe reaches the target lesion according to the ultrasonic image.

[0010] Step 5: Fixation of the Guiding Sheath Tube and Preparation for Drug Injection. After the ultrasonic small probe reaches the target lesion, fix the guiding sheath at the outer end of the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and fix the relative position of the bronchoscope and the patient to avoid displacement. Withdraw the ultrasonic small probe so that the inner end of the guiding sheath remains at the target lesion.

[0011] Step 6: Precise Drug Injection. After aspirating the therapeutic drug with a syringe, connect it to the outer end of the guiding sheath, or insert it into the guiding sheath through the drug spraying tube, and spray the drug into the lung lesion through the guiding sheath.

[0012] Step 7: Postoperative Observation and Treatment. After drug injection, the patient should lie on the affected side for 5 - 10 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and prevent the drug from flowing out of the bronchus. Observe whether the patient has adverse reactions such as blood in sputum and shortness of breath, and carry out corresponding treatment. If necessary, conduct relevant examinations such as chest X-ray and chest CT to exclude complications such as pneumothorax.

[0013] Preferably, according to Step 1, localize the relationship between the lesion and the bronchial tree through chest high-resolution thin-layer CT or chest high-resolution thin-layer CT combined with virtual navigation, and perform simulated marking on the distance to the bronchus and the distribution of surrounding blood vessels.

[0014] Preferably, according to Step 2, select a bronchoscope with an outer diameter ≤ 4 mm and a working channel ≥ 2.0 mm; an ultrasonic small probe with a radial scanning structure, a frequency of 20 MHz, a penetration depth of 5 - 15 mm, and an outer diameter of 1.4 - 1.8 mm; a guiding sheath tube with an outer diameter of 1.95 mm and an inner diameter of 1.85 mm that can accommodate the ultrasonic small probe and pass through a bronchoscope with a biopsy forceps channel ≥ 2.0 mm; a drug injection device, which is a disposable sterile syringe or a disposable sterile drug spraying tube.

[0015] Preferably, according to Step 3, when the patient cannot tolerate bronchoscopy under local anesthesia, or for complex lesions with a relatively long expected operation time, general anesthesia is performed. Propofol is infused using an infusion pump, and the dose and infusion rate are controlled by an anesthesiologist according to the specific situation of the patient. Oral intubation or laryngeal mask insertion is used to connect to the anesthesia machine for controlled ventilation. When the patient can tolerate local anesthesia, or there is an obvious bronchus passing through the lesion and the expected operation time is short, local anesthesia is used, which is 2% lidocaine aerosol inhalation + airway surface anesthesia. After the patient inhales 5 - 10 ml of 2% lidocaine through a nebulizer device, 10 ml of 2% lidocaine is injected into the airway through the biopsy hole after the bronchoscope is inserted into the glottis. The patient inhales oxygen through a nasal catheter. During the operation, the patient's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are monitored to ensure that all indicators are within the normal range, and an emergency treatment plan for related complications of bronchoscopy is prepared.

[0016] Preferably, according to Step 4, the ultrasonic mini-probe is inserted into the target bronchial area, reaching the peripheral lung lesion sites that cannot be reached by an ultra-thin bronchoscope. Through the imaging function of the ultrasonic mini-probe, the structure of the lesion and its surrounding tissues can be observed in real time to ensure that the subsequent operation can accurately reach the lesion area. The probe parameters are a frequency of 20 MHz and a penetration depth of 5 - 15 mm, which can distinguish normal lung tissue, cavity lesions (such as tuberculous cavity, aspergillus cavity, etc.), and solid lesions (such as pulmonary tuberculosis lesions, lung cancer lesions, etc.).

[0017] Preferably, according to Step 5, after the ultrasonic mini-probe confirms reaching the target lesion, the positions of the bronchoscope and the guiding sheath are fixed, and the ultrasonic mini-probe is withdrawn. The guiding sheath can be used as an injection tube, with the in-vivo end located at the lesion site and the ex-vivo end connectable or extendable to an injection device (syringe, drug spraying tube, etc.).

[0018] Preferably, according to Step 6, the injection device is connected to the guiding sheath tube, and the drug is directly injected into the lesion area through a syringe or a drug spraying tube.

[0019] Preferably, according to Step 7, after the drug injection is completed, the bronchoscope is withdrawn, and the patient lies on the affected side for 5 - 10 minutes to wait for drug absorption and avoid drug outflow through the bronchus. If the patient needs to be injected once or several times a day and cannot tolerate multiple bronchoscopy operations, the guiding sheath can be left in the lesion area when the bronchoscope is withdrawn, and the ex-vivo end of the guiding sheath is fixed behind the ear through the nose.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention: By combining high-resolution CT with computer-simulated scanning for three-dimensional reconstruction of lesions, the relationship between the lesions and the bronchial tree is accurately located, saving the time for the ultrasonic mini-probe to search for lesions, improving the success rate of finding lesions, having a radial scanning structure and a high-resolution ultrasonic mini-probe, observing the structure of the lesions and their surrounding tissues in real time, ensuring that the drug injection device can accurately reach the lesion area, reducing damage to the surrounding tissues, and reducing the incidence of complications such as bleeding and pneumothorax. The ultrasonic-guided sheath or drug spraying tube is used for injecting drugs into the lesions in the target bronchus. The present invention can more accurately locate and locally inject drugs into the pulmonary lesions, effectively improve the accuracy of local drug use and the drug concentration, reduce drug waste and the impact of drugs on normal lung tissues, and shorten the treatment time. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] The present invention provides an embodiment: A method for precise treatment and drug injection of pulmonary lesions guided by an ultrasonic mini-probe through a bronchoscope, the steps of which are as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Preoperative assessment of the patient's condition, including the patient's medical history, allergy history, medication history, etc., complete physical examination and relevant auxiliary examinations, and the diagnosis is: newly diagnosed secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, and chest CT shows that the cavity in the right upper lobe communicates with the bronchus. Exclude the contraindications for bronchoscopy examination, and evaluate that it is suitable for injecting anti-tuberculosis drugs into the cavity under the guidance of an ultrasonic mini-probe through a bronchoscope, and preset the path leading to the pulmonary lesions through the bronchus through chest CT or chest CT combined with virtual navigation. Through chest high-resolution thin-layer CT or chest high-resolution thin-layer CT combined with virtual navigation, locate the relationship between the lesions and the bronchial tree, and make simulation marks on the distance of the bronchus and the distribution of surrounding blood vessels;

[0025] Step 2: In the equipment preparation stage, select a bronchoscope, an ultrasonic mini-probe, a guiding sheath, a drug injection device, and chest thin-layer CT films (layer thickness equal to 3 mm), a virtual navigation device, etc. Select a bronchoscope with parameters of an outer diameter equal to 4 mm and a working channel equal to 2.0 mm; an ultrasonic mini-probe with a radial scanning structure, a frequency of 20 MHz, a penetration depth of 5 mm, and an outer diameter of 1.4 mm; a guiding sheath with an outer diameter of 1.95 mm and an inner diameter of 1.85 mm, which can accommodate the ultrasonic mini-probe and can pass through a bronchoscope with a biopsy channel equal to 2.0 mm; a drug injection device, which is a disposable sterile syringe or a disposable sterile drug spraying tube;

[0026] Step 3: Anesthesia. According to the complexity of the lesion and the patient's tolerance, local anesthesia is selected. For local anesthesia, 2% lidocaine aerosol inhalation and airway surface anesthesia are used. After the patient inhales 5 - 10 ml of 2% lidocaine through the atomization device, the bronchoscope is inserted into the glottis, and then 10 ml of 2% lidocaine is injected into the airway through the biopsy channel. The patient inhales oxygen through a nasal catheter. During the operation, the patient's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are monitored to ensure that all indicators are within the normal range, and an emergency treatment plan for related complications of bronchoscopy is prepared;

[0027] Step 4: Bronchoscope insertion and lesion localization. Insert the bronchoscope into the airway through the patient's mouth or nose, and extend it into the target bronchial area according to the path preset by CT or virtual navigation; Insert the ultrasonic mini - probe with a guiding sheath through the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and insert the ultrasonic mini - probe into the target bronchial area, which can reach the peripheral lung lesions that cannot be reached by the ultra - thin bronchoscope. Through the imaging function of the ultrasonic mini - probe, the structure of the lesion and its surrounding tissues can be observed in real time. The probe parameters are a frequency of 20 MHz and a penetration depth of 5 mm, which can distinguish normal lung tissue, cavity lesions (such as tuberculosis cavities, aspergillus cavities, etc.), and solid lesions (such as pulmonary tuberculosis lesions, lung cancer lesions, etc.); Confirm that the ultrasonic mini - probe reaches the target lesion (inside the cavity of the right upper lobe) according to the ultrasonic image;

[0028] Step 5: Fixation of the guiding sheath and preparation for drug injection. After the ultrasonic mini - probe reaches the target lesion, fix the guiding sheath at the outer end of the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and fix the relative position of the bronchoscope and the patient to avoid displacement. Withdraw the ultrasonic mini - probe so that the inner end of the guiding sheath remains at the target lesion (inside the cavity of the right upper lobe). When the ultrasonic mini - probe confirms reaching the target lesion, fix the positions of the bronchoscope and the guiding sheath, and withdraw the ultrasonic mini - probe. The guiding sheath can be used as an injection tube, with the inner end located at the lesion site and the outer end connectable or extendable to an injection device (syringe, drug spraying tube, etc.);

[0029] Step 6: Precise drug injection. After aspirating the therapeutic drug (2 ml of isoniazid injection, containing 0.2 g of isoniazid) with a syringe, connect it to the outer end of the guiding sheath, and spray the drug into the lung lesion through the guiding sheath;

[0030] Step 7: Postoperative observation and treatment. After drug injection, the patient lies on the affected side for 5 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and prevent the drug from flowing out of the bronchus. Observe whether the patient has adverse reactions such as blood in sputum and shortness of breath, and carry out corresponding treatment. If necessary, perform relevant examinations such as chest X-ray and chest CT to exclude complications such as pneumothorax. If the patient needs to be injected once or several times a day and cannot tolerate multiple bronchoscopy operations, a guiding sheath can be left at the lesion site when withdrawing the bronchoscope, and the outer end of the guiding sheath is fixed behind the ear through the nose. This patient was treated with intralesional drug injection under the guidance of an ultrasonic mini-probe once a week. After 4 weeks, the sputum smear for tubercle bacilli turned negative, and the cavity emptied and shrank compared with the previous time. No obvious adverse reactions or complications occurred during the treatment process.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The present invention provides an example: a method for precise treatment and drug injection of pulmonary lesions guided by an ultrasonic mini-probe through a bronchoscope, and its steps are as follows:

[0033] Step 1: Preoperative assessment of the patient's condition, including the patient's medical history, allergy history, medication history, etc., improve physical examination and relevant auxiliary examinations, diagnose as "aspergilloma parasitism in the cavity of the left upper lobe", exclude the contraindications for bronchoscopy examination, and evaluate that it is suitable for treatment guided by an ultrasonic mini-probe through a bronchoscope. And through chest CT or chest CT combined with virtual navigation, preset the path from the bronchus to the pulmonary lesion, and through chest high-resolution thin-layer CT or chest high-resolution thin-layer CT combined with virtual navigation, locate the relationship between the lesion and the bronchial tree, and simulate and mark the distance from the bronchus and the distribution of surrounding blood vessels;

[0034] Step 2: Equipment preparation stage, select a bronchoscope, an ultrasonic mini-probe, a guiding sheath, a drug injection device, and chest thin-layer CT films (slice thickness 2mm), a virtual navigation device, etc. Select a bronchoscope with an outer diameter of 4mm and a working channel of 2.0mm; an ultrasonic mini-probe with a radial scanning structure, a frequency of 20MHz, a penetration depth of 15mm, and an outer diameter of 1.8mm; a guiding sheath with an outer diameter of 1.95mm and an inner diameter of 1.85mm, which can place the ultrasonic mini-probe and can pass through a bronchoscope with a biopsy channel of 2.0mm; a drug injection device, which is a disposable sterile syringe and a disposable sterile drug spraying tube (outer diameter 1.8mm);

[0035] Step 3: Anesthesia. According to the complexity of the lesion and the patient's tolerance, general anesthesia is selected. Propofol is infused using an infusion pump, and the dose and infusion rate are controlled by an anesthesiologist according to the specific situation of the patient. Oral intubation or laryngeal mask insertion is used to connect to the anesthesia machine for machine-controlled ventilation. After the bronchoscope is inserted into the glottis, 10ml of 2% lidocaine is injected into the airway through the biopsy hole. During the operation, the patient's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are monitored to ensure that all indicators are within the normal range, and an emergency treatment plan for relevant complications of bronchoscopy examination is prepared;

[0036] Step 4: Bronchoscope insertion and lesion localization. Insert the bronchoscope into the airway through the laryngeal mask and extend it along the path preset by CT or virtual navigation to the target bronchial area; insert the miniaturized ultrasound probe with a guiding sheath through the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope. Confirm that the miniaturized ultrasound probe reaches the target lesion according to the ultrasound image and insert the miniaturized ultrasound probe into the target bronchial area, which can reach the peripheral lung lesions that cannot be reached by the ultra-thin bronchoscope. Through the imaging function of the miniaturized ultrasound probe, observe the structure of the lesion and its surrounding tissues in real time to ensure that the subsequent operations can accurately reach the lesion area. The probe parameters are a frequency of 20 MHz and a penetration depth of 15 mm, which can distinguish normal lung tissue, cavity lesions (such as tuberculous cavity, aspergillus cavity, etc.), and solid lesions (such as pulmonary tuberculosis lesions, lung cancer lesions, etc.);

[0037] Step 5: Fixation of the guiding sheath tube and preparation for drug injection. After the miniaturized ultrasound probe reaches the target lesion (inside the thick-walled cavity of the left upper lobe), fix the guiding sheath at the outer end of the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope and fix the relative position of the bronchoscope and the patient to avoid displacement. Withdraw the miniaturized ultrasound probe so that the inner end of the guiding sheath remains at the target lesion (thick-walled cavity of the left upper lobe), and the outer end of the guiding sheath can be connected to or extended into the drug injection device (syringe, drug spraying tube, etc.);

[0038] Step 6: Precise drug injection. Extend the drug spraying tube into the guiding sheath to the target lesion. After the syringe aspirates the therapeutic drug (5 mg of amphotericin b), connect the syringe to the drug spraying tube and inject the drug spray into the lesion area (inside the thick-walled cavity of the left upper lobe);

[0039] Step 7: Postoperative observation and treatment. After drug injection, the patient lies on the affected side for 10 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and prevent the drug from flowing out of the bronchus. Observe whether the patient has adverse reactions such as blood in sputum and shortness of breath and carry out corresponding treatment. If necessary, conduct relevant examinations such as chest X-ray and chest CT to exclude complications such as pneumothorax. After the drug injection is completed, withdraw the bronchoscope, and the patient lies on the affected side for 10 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and prevent the drug from flowing out through the bronchus; if the patient needs to be injected with drugs once or several times a day and cannot tolerate multiple bronchoscope operations, the guiding sheath can be left at the lesion site when withdrawing the bronchoscope, and the outer end of the guiding sheath is fixed behind the ear through the nose; this patient was treated with amphotericin b spraying inside the thick-walled cavity of the left upper lobe under the guidance of the miniaturized ultrasound probe once a week. After 8 weeks, the cavity was emptied and shrank compared with the previous row, and no obvious adverse reactions or complications occurred during the treatment process.

[0040] The above has described the embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise treatment of drug injection for pulmonary lesions under the guidance of a small probe of endobronchial ultrasound; characterized in that The real-time localization of pulmonary lesions can be performed with a small ultrasonic probe to ensure the accurate delivery of drugs to the lesions. The steps are as follows: Step 1: Preoperative assessment of the patient's condition, improvement of physical examination and relevant auxiliary examinations, exclusion of contraindications for bronchoscopy, and assessment of whether the patient is suitable for treatment guided by a small ultrasonic probe of bronchoscopy, including the patient's medical history, allergy history, medication history, etc. And through chest CT or chest CT combined with virtual navigation, preset the path from the bronchus to the pulmonary lesion; Step 2: Equipment preparation stage, select a bronchoscope, a small ultrasonic probe, a guiding sheath, an injection device, and thin-section chest CT films (slice thickness ≤ 3 mm), a virtual navigation device, etc.; Step 3: Anesthesia, according to the complexity of the lesion and the patient's tolerance, select general anesthesia or local anesthesia; Step 4: Bronchoscope insertion and lesion localization, insert the bronchoscope into the airway through the patient's mouth or nose, and extend it into the target bronchial area according to the path preset by CT or virtual navigation; insert the ultrasonic probe with a guiding sheath through the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and confirm that the ultrasonic probe reaches the target lesion according to the ultrasonic image; Step 5: Fixation of the guiding sheath and preparation for injection, after the ultrasonic probe reaches the target lesion, fix the guiding sheath at the outer end of the biopsy channel of the bronchoscope, and fix the relative position of the bronchoscope and the patient to avoid displacement, pull out the ultrasonic probe, and leave the inner end of the guiding sheath at the target lesion; Step 6: Precise injection, after the syringe aspirates the therapeutic drug, connect it to the outer end of the guiding sheath, or extend it into the guiding sheath through the drug spraying tube, and spray the drug into the pulmonary lesion through the guiding sheath; Step 7: Postoperative observation and treatment, after injection, the patient lies on the affected side for 5 - 10 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and avoid the drug flowing out of the bronchus. Observe whether the patient has adverse reactions such as blood in sputum and shortness of breath, and carry out corresponding treatment. If necessary, conduct relevant examinations such as chest X-ray and chest CT to exclude complications such as pneumothorax.

2. The method for precise treatment of drug injection into pulmonary lesions guided by a bronchoscopic ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to Step 1, through high-resolution thin-section chest CT or high-resolution thin-section chest CT combined with virtual navigation, localize the relationship between the lesion and the bronchial tree, and make a simulated mark on the distance from the bronchus and the distribution of surrounding blood vessels.

3. The method for precisely injecting drugs for treating intrapulmonary lesions under the guidance of a bronchoscopic ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, wherein: According to Step 2, select a bronchoscope with an outer diameter ≤ 4 mm and a working channel ≥ 2.0 mm; a small ultrasonic probe with a radial scanning structure, a frequency of 20 MHz, a penetration depth of 5 - 15 mm, and an outer diameter of 1.4 - 1.8 mm; a guiding sheath with an outer diameter of 1.95 mm and an inner diameter of 1.85 mm, which can place the ultrasonic probe and can pass through a bronchoscope with a biopsy forceps channel ≥ 2.0 mm; an injection device, which is a disposable sterile syringe or a disposable sterile drug spraying tube.

4. The method for accurately treating and injecting drugs into pulmonary lesions under the guidance of a transbronchial ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, wherein: According to Step 3, when the patient cannot tolerate bronchoscopy under local anesthesia, or in the case of complex lesions with a relatively long expected operation time, general anesthesia is performed. Propofol is infused using an infusion pump, and the dose and infusion rate are controlled by the anesthesiologist according to the specific situation of the patient. Endotracheal intubation or laryngeal mask insertion is used to connect to the anesthesia machine for mechanical ventilation. When the patient can tolerate local anesthesia, or there is an obvious bronchus passing through the lesion with a relatively short expected operation time, local anesthesia is adopted, which is 2% lidocaine aerosol inhalation + airway surface anesthesia. After the patient inhales 5 - 10 ml of 2% lidocaine through the atomization device, 10 ml of 2% lidocaine is injected into the airway through the biopsy hole after the bronchoscope is inserted into the glottis. The patient inhales oxygen through a nasal catheter. During the operation, the patient's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are monitored to ensure that all indicators are within the normal range, and an emergency treatment plan for related complications of bronchoscopy is prepared.

5. The method for precise treatment and drug injection of intrapulmonary lesions guided by a bronchoscopic ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to Step 4, the miniaturized ultrasound probe is inserted into the target bronchial area, which can reach the peripheral lung lesions that cannot be reached by the ultra-thin bronchoscope. Through the imaging function of the miniaturized ultrasound probe, the structure of the lesion and its surrounding tissues can be observed in real time to ensure that the subsequent operation can accurately reach the lesion area. The probe parameters are a frequency of 20 MHz and a penetration depth of 5 - 15 mm, which can distinguish normal lung tissue, cavity lesions (such as tuberculosis cavities, aspergillus cavities, etc.), and solid lesions (such as tuberculosis lesions, lung cancer lesions, etc.).

6. The method for precisely injecting drugs into lung lesions under the guidance of a bronchoscopic ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, wherein: According to Step 5, after the miniaturized ultrasound probe confirms reaching the target lesion, the positions of the bronchoscope and the guiding sheath are fixed, and the miniaturized ultrasound probe is withdrawn. The guiding sheath can be used as an injection tube, with the in-vivo end located at the lesion site and the ex-vivo end connectable or extendable to an injection device (syringe, drug spraying tube, etc.).

7. The method for precisely injecting drugs into a pulmonary lesion under the guidance of a transbronchial ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, wherein: According to Step 6, the injection device is connected to the guiding sheath tube, and the drug is directly injected into the lesion area through the syringe or the drug spraying tube.

8. The method for accurately injecting drugs into pulmonary lesions under the guidance of a transbronchial ultrasound mini-probe according to claim 1, wherein: According to Step 7, after the injection is completed, the bronchoscope is withdrawn, and the patient lies on the affected side for 5 - 10 minutes to wait for the drug to be absorbed and to prevent the drug from flowing out through the bronchus. If the patient needs to be injected once or several times a day and cannot tolerate multiple bronchoscopy operations, the guiding sheath can be left in the lesion site when the bronchoscope is withdrawn, and the ex-vivo end of the guiding sheath is fixed behind the ear through the nose.