Breeding method of hermetia illucens larvae

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of hermetia illucens larvae, and relates to the technical field of insect breeding, and the breeding method comprises the following steps: preparing a composite probiotic feed, hatching and inoculating larvae, carrying out dynamic temperature control staged breeding, and carrying out dormancy preservation and activating treatment. A high-efficiency, low-consumption and safe hermetia illucens larva breeding system is constructed through cooperation of three major technologies of dynamic temperature control induced metabolism regulation, directional fermentation of feed by probiotics and staged accurate management; by combining stepped cooling (25 DEG C to 15 DEG C to 5 DEG C) with a trehalose anti-freezing protective agent, the survival rate of larvae after dormancy for 6 months is high, feed supplementation is not needed during dormancy, and the industrial problem of long-term preservation is solved; through staged feeding, the average daily increase of larvae is remarkably improved and is effectively improved compared with a traditional method, and the breeding period is greatly shortened; the kitchen waste consumed by each ton of larvae (fresh weight) is obviously increased compared with that consumed by a traditional method, the content of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in fermented residues is reduced, and the residues can be directly used as organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of insect breeding, and particularly to a method for breeding black soldier fly larvae. Background Art

[0002] Greasy food waste has always been a difficult problem in urban environmental governance. Traditional treatment methods such as landfilling, composting, and incineration have many drawbacks and are prone to causing pollution of the atmosphere, soil, and water sources.

[0003] Black soldier fly larvae, as an efficient biological agent for food waste treatment, can quickly digest and convert food waste, achieving "zero pollution" emissions. Secondly, the treatment process is simple and easy to implement, without the need for complex equipment or cumbersome operations, saving a large amount of manpower and material resources. In addition, through the treatment of black soldier fly larvae, waste is effectively converted into high-value resources such as animal protein feed, realizing the recycling of resources. In summary, black soldier fly larvae have shown significant advantages and potential in the treatment of food waste.

[0004] Due to their high efficiency in organic waste conversion and high protein content, black soldier fly larvae have become a research hotspot in the environmental protection and feed industries. However, there are still significant defects in the existing technologies in practical applications: Insufficient larva preservation technology: A Chinese invention patent discloses a method for breeding black soldier flies (CN202310149992.3), which uses a single low temperature (4 - 8°C) for direct dormancy without considering the balance between the metabolic rate and nutritional consumption of the larvae. Experiments show that due to the exhaustion of energy reserves at a continuous low temperature, the survival rate of the larvae drops to 60% - 70% after 3 months of dormancy, and multiple supplementary feedings (once every 5 days) are required after activation, which is cumbersome and increases the cost by 30%.

[0005] Low feed formula and conversion efficiency: A Chinese invention patent discloses a method for breeding black soldier fly larvae (CN201810854060.8). Traditional feeds mainly use livestock and poultry manure as the main ingredient (accounting for more than 70%), and their crude fiber and oil are difficult to be fully decomposed by the larvae (digestion rate < 50%), resulting in an extended growth period of the larvae to 8 - 10 days. In addition, directly feeding untreated food waste is likely to breed Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and the bacteria-carrying rate of the insect bodies is as high as 10^4 CFU / g, posing a food safety hazard.

[0006] Rough insect population management: Existing technologies generally adopt "uniform breeding density throughout the cycle" (such as putting 100,000 larvae per kilogram of feed), without distinguishing the different needs of larvae at different ages. High-density breeding leads to increased competition among larvae, and the average weight of the insect bodies decreases by 15% - 20%. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for culturing black soldier fly larvae. By synergistically combining three major technologies, namely dynamic temperature control-induced metabolic regulation, probiotic-directed fermentation of feed, and phased precise management, an efficient, low-consumption, and safe black soldier fly larva culture system is constructed.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a method for culturing black soldier fly larvae, comprising the following steps: S1: Prepare a compound probiotic feed: Mix food waste with a particle size ≤ 2 mm, sterilized soybean meal, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1.5, add 5% compound probiotic powder, and ferment in a constant temperature fermenter at 55°C while introducing sterile air for 48 hours. Control the pH value of the fermentation product to be 6.5 - 7.0 and the moisture content to be 60%. S2: Larva hatching and inoculation: Incubate the eggs in an incubator at a temperature of 28°C ± 0.5°C, a humidity of 80% ± 3%, and a light intensity ≤ 100 Lux for 72 hours. After obtaining the newly hatched larvae, inoculate them into the pretreated compound probiotic feed at a density of 150,000 larvae / kg of feed. S3: Dynamic temperature control and phased cultivation: Newly hatched stage, 1 - 3 days old: Maintain the temperature at 30°C ± 0.5°C and the humidity at 70% ± 5%. Spray 0.5% lactic acid bacteria solution every day, and the spraying amount is 10 mL / kg of feed. Growth stage, 4 - 5 days old: Lower the temperature to 25°C ± 1°C, remove 30% of the surface feed residue, and supplement fortified feed containing 50 mg / kg of selenium element. Mature stage, 6 days old: Lower the temperature to 10°C ± 1°C to induce the larvae to enter dormancy, and achieve automatic separation of insect feces through an inclined cultivation trough with an inclination angle of 15°. S4: Dormancy preservation: Layer the dormant larvae and 1 cm thick fermentation residue at the bottom into a breathable container, place it in a refrigerated environment at 5 - 10°C, ventilate for 10 minutes every day, and the wind speed is 1 m / s; add 1% trehalose to the residue as an antifreeze protectant for the larvae. S5: Activation treatment: Transfer the dormant larvae to an environment at 25°C, spray 2‰ glucose water on the surface of the larvae until it is wet, and restore the activity of the larvae within 2 hours.

[0009] The compound probiotic powder is composed of Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0010] The selenium-containing feed is prepared by the following method: Mix sodium selenite and humic acid in a mass ratio of 1:299, add it to wheat bran and stir evenly, so that the total selenium element content is 50 - 80 mg / kg.

[0011] In the dynamic temperature-controlled staged breeding, during the newly hatched stage, the light source used is an LED light source with a wavelength of 590 nm, the light intensity is ≤100 Lux, and the daily light cycle is 12 hours light / 12 hours dark.

[0012] The aperture of the dormancy preservation container is 0.5 mm, the hole density is 20 holes / cm², and the layered thickness ratio of larvae to residue is 3:1.

[0013] The bacterial concentration of the sprayed lactic acid bacteria liquid is (1 - 5)×10^8 CFU / mL, and the humidity on the surface of the feed is maintained at 65% - 70% after spraying.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Through stepped cooling (25°C → 15°C → 5°C) combined with the antifreeze protectant trehalose, the survival rate of larvae is relatively high after 6 months of dormancy, and no supplementary feeding is required during the dormancy period, solving the industry problem of long-term preservation.

[0015] (2) Through staged feeding, the average daily gain of larvae is significantly improved, effectively improved compared with the traditional method, and the breeding cycle is greatly shortened.

[0016] (3) The amount of food waste consumed per ton of larvae (fresh weight) is significantly increased compared with the traditional method, and the contents of heavy metals (lead, cadmium) in the residue after fermentation are reduced, and it can be directly used as organic fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 It is the method flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will further describe the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] Refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a method for breeding black soldier fly larvae, including the following steps: S1: Prepare a compound probiotic feed: (1)Raw material pretreatment: Kitchen waste is processed by a crusher (particle size ≤ 2 mm) to remove plastic impurities; soybean meal and wheat bran are sterilized with steam at 80 °C for 30 minutes and cooled to room temperature for standby.

[0021] (2)Fermentation process: Mix 60 kg of kitchen waste, 20 kg of soybean meal, and 15 kg of wheat bran, and add 5 kg of compound probiotic powder (1.25 kg of Clostridium butyricum + 3.75 kg of Lactobacillus plantarum); place it in a constant temperature fermentation tank at 55 °C, introduce sterile air (flow rate 0.1 m³ / h), and detect the pH value (6.5 - 7.0) and moisture content (60%) after 48 hours of fermentation.

[0022] S2: Larva hatching and inoculation: The eggs are hatched in an incubator at a temperature of 28 °C ± 0.5 °C, humidity of 80% ± 3%, and light intensity ≤ 100 Lux for 72 hours. After obtaining newly hatched larvae, they are inoculated into the pretreated compound probiotic feed at a density of 150,000 larvae / kg of feed; S3: Dynamic temperature control and staged cultivation: (1)Management in the newly hatched stage: Set the temperature in the incubator to 30 °C ± 0.5 °C, humidity to 70% ± 5%, and use LED weak light illumination (wavelength 590 nm, intensity ≤ 100 Lux); spray 0.5% lactic acid bacteria solution (spraying amount 10 mL / kg of feed) once in the morning and once in the evening every day.

[0023] (2)Selenium enrichment during the growth period: Remove 30% of the surface feed residue early in the morning on the 4th day, and supplement selenium-containing feed (formula: 70% wheat bran, 0.1% sodium selenite, 29.9% humic acid); maintain the temperature at 25 °C ± 1 °C and humidity at 65% ± 3% for 48 hours.

[0024] S4: Dormant preservation: (1)Dormant container design: Use a breathable box made of food-grade PP material (pore diameter 0.5 mm, pore density 20 holes / cm²), lay 1 cm of fermented residue at the bottom layer, and spread dormant larvae flat on the upper layer (thickness ≤ 3 cm); set the temperature in the cold storage to 5 °C ± 1 °C, and turn on the ventilation system (wind speed 1 m / s) from 09:00 to 09:10 every day.

[0025] Put the dormant larvae into the dormant container, and add 1% trehalose cryoprotectant to the residue; S5: Activation treatment: Transfer the dormant larvae to an environment at 25 °C, spray 2‰ glucose water (temperature 25 °C) until the surface of the larvae is wet, and detect the activity of the larvae after 2 hours (with a wriggling frequency > 30 times / minute as the standard).

[0026] Details table of comparative experiment data.

[0027]

[0028] Through the synergistic effects of metabolic regulation (temperature control), nutritional enhancement (probiotics + selenium), and process innovation (phased management), the present invention has achieved the following: Breakthrough in biological performance: The survival rate, growth rate, and nutritional value all reach the leading level in the industry; Significant economic benefits: The feed cost is reduced by 40%, and automated production reduces the dependence on labor; Outstanding environmental protection value: The resource utilization rate of food waste is increased to 95%, and carbon emissions are reduced by 30%; Industrial feasibility: The technical parameters are stable, suitable for large-scale production lines, and have the potential for rapid promotion.

[0029] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples. The technical features not described in the present invention can be realized by or adopted from the prior art, and will not be elaborated here. The above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the essence of the present invention do not depart from the purpose of the present invention and should also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for culturing black soldier fly larvae, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Prepare the compound probiotic feed: Mix food waste with a particle size ≤ 2 mm, sterilized soybean meal, and wheat bran at a mass ratio of 6:2:1.5, add 5% compound probiotic powder, and ferment in a constant temperature fermenter at 55°C while introducing sterile air for 48 hours, controlling the pH value of the fermentation product to be 6.5 - 7.0 and the moisture content to be 60%; S2: Larva hatching and inoculation: Hatch the eggs in an incubator at a temperature of 28°C ± 0.5°C, a humidity of 80% ± 3%, and a light intensity ≤ 100 Lux for 72 hours. After obtaining the newly hatched larvae, inoculate them into the pretreated compound probiotic feed at a density of 150,000 larvae / kg of feed; S3: Dynamic temperature control and staged cultivation: Newly hatched stage, 1 - 3 days old: Maintain the temperature at 30°C ± 0.5°C and the humidity at 70% ± 5%. Spray 0.5% lactic acid bacteria solution every day, with a spraying amount of 10 mL / kg of feed; Growth stage, 4 - 5 days old: Lower the temperature to 25°C ± 1°C, remove 30% of the surface feed residue, and supplement fortified feed containing 50 mg / kg of selenium element; Mature stage, 6 days old: Lower the temperature to 10°C ± 1°C to induce the larvae to go dormant, and realize automatic separation of worm excrement through an inclined cultivation trough with an inclination angle of 15°; S4: Dormant preservation: Layer the dormant larvae and 1 cm thick bottom fermentation residue into a breathable container, place it in a refrigerated environment at 5 - 10°C, ventilate for 10 minutes every day, with a wind speed of 1 m / s; Add 1% trehalose to the residue as an antifreeze protectant for the larvae; S5: Activation treatment: Transfer the dormant larvae to an environment at 25°C, spray 2‰ glucose water on the surface of the larvae until it is wet, and restore the activity of the larvae within 2 hours.

2. The breeding method of black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that The compound probiotic powder is composed of Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus plantarum at a mass ratio of 1:

3.

3. The breeding method of black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selenium-containing feed is prepared by the following method: Mix sodium selenite and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:299, add it to wheat bran and stir evenly to make the total selenium element content 50 - 80 mg / kg.

4. The breeding method of black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the dynamic temperature control and staged cultivation, in the newly hatched stage, the light source for illumination is an LED light source with a wavelength of 590 nm, the light intensity ≤ 100 Lux, and the daily light cycle is 12 hours light / 12 hours dark.

5. The breeding method of black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the dormant preservation container is 0.5 mm, the pore density is 20 pores / cm², and the layered thickness ratio of the larvae to the residue is 3:

1.

6. The breeding method of black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, wherein, The concentration of the sprayed lactic acid bacteria solution is (1 - 5) × 10^8 CFU / mL, and the surface humidity of the feed is maintained at 65% - 70% after spraying.

Images