Functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gaining and fat reducing of cattle and sheep and preparation method of functional nutritional feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gaining and fat reducing of cattle and sheep and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of enzyme engineering feed processing. The feed is suitable for the fattening stage of cattle and sheep, and can effectively improve the lean meat percentage, reduce visceral fat deposition and improve the meat quality through scientifically proportioned nutritional ingredients. The feed comprises the following main components: soybean meal, oligosaccharides, nattokinase, conjugated linoleic acid, a compound enzyme preparation, dry yeast powder and the like, and can promote the growth of bones and muscles and reduce the deposition of fat at the same time. Experimental results show that the nutritional feed has remarkable effects on improving daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage and lean meat percentage of cattle and sheep, is free of antibiotic and hormone residues, and is safe and green. By using the fattening feed, the problem of excessive fat accumulation caused by a traditional fattening method can be effectively solved, the breeding benefits are improved, and the requirements of the market for high-quality beef and mutton are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of enzyme engineering for feed processing. Specifically, it relates to a functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep and its preparation method. Background Art

[0002] In modern animal husbandry, the breeding and fattening stages of cattle and sheep are crucial for meat quality, yield, and economic benefits. With the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, consumers' requirements for meat quality are increasing day by day, especially regarding the standards of lean meat percentage, fat content, and meat flavor. However, traditional fattening methods often lead to excessive accumulation of fat in the body, a low proportion of lean meat, and affect the quality and market competitiveness of meat products.

[0003] Traditional fattening methods mainly rely on high-energy and high-protein feed formulations to increase daily weight gain by increasing the nutritional density of the feed. However, the disadvantages of this method are as follows:

[0004] Excessive fat accumulation: Since the energy exceeds the metabolic requirements of the animal, the excess energy is stored as fat under the skin and around the internal organs, resulting in excessive fat accumulation and significantly reducing the lean meat percentage and meat quality.

[0005] Low nutritional conversion efficiency: The nutritional components in traditional feeds, such as protein and fat, are not efficiently converted into muscle and bone, resulting in high feed costs and low output efficiency.

[0006] Health and environmental problems: The use of antibiotics and hormones as feed additives has raised public concerns about the safety of edible meat and environmental pollution.

[0007] Market demand changes: With the change of consumption concepts, people are increasingly inclined to choose high-quality and healthy meat products, which requires the animal husbandry industry to improve the quality of products while ensuring production.

[0008] In response to these problems, in recent years, scientists and practitioners in the animal husbandry industry have been exploring new fattening strategies in order to improve the lean meat percentage of cattle and sheep, reduce fat accumulation, improve meat quality, and increase production efficiency without increasing feed costs. The following are some of the main current research and application directions:

[0009] Nutritional regulation theory: By scientifically regulating the lipid metabolism system of animals, reducing fat deposition, and promoting the growth of muscle and bone. For example, the team of Professor Zhang Yonggen from Northeast Agricultural University has developed a series of nutritional packages that can significantly increase the lean meat percentage during the growth and fattening stages of cattle and sheep through the research on the nutritional regulation theory of the lipid metabolism system in the past five years.

[0010] Bio - feed technology: Utilize biotechnology such as fermentation engineering and enzyme engineering to develop new feeds and additives. These technologies can improve the nutritional value of feeds, enhance the digestion and absorption efficiency of animals, reduce the use of antibiotics and other chemical additives, and thus improve the safety and environmental friendliness of meat products.

[0011] Precision nutrition formula: By precisely designing the feed formula to achieve the best nutritional balance, reduce fat accumulation, and improve the growth efficiency of muscles and bones. In particular, the use of some specific nutritional components such as hydroxy vitamin D3, creatine precursors, etc., can effectively regulate the metabolic process of animals.

[0012] Intelligent farming system: With the help of big data and artificial intelligence technologies, modern farming has started to adopt intelligent farming systems. By real - time monitoring the health and growth status of animals, adjusting the feed formula and feeding plan, precision farming can be achieved.

[0013] Optimization of slaughter technology: In addition to nutritional management during the fattening stage, the optimization of the slaughter process is also crucial. By improving the pre - slaughter treatment and slaughter technology, stress responses can be reduced, meat quality can be improved, and drip loss can be decreased.

[0014] The present invention is a functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep and its preparation method proposed under this background. Through scientific nutritional formula design and combined with the application of biotechnology, it aims to solve many problems existing in traditional fattening methods, improve the lean meat rate and quality of meat products, and meet the market demand for high - quality meat products. By using this new type of feed, the farming industry can achieve more efficient production, reduce resource waste, lower environmental pollution, and at the same time improve the health and economic benefits of cattle and sheep. Summary of the Invention

[0015] 1. Problems to be Solved

[0016] Aiming at the problems of low lean meat rate, excessive fat deposition, and poor meat quality existing in the current cattle and sheep farming process, the present invention provides a functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep and its preparation method. Traditional fattening methods often lead to excess energy being stored as fat under the skin and around internal organs, reducing the slaughter rate and lean meat rate, and affecting the market value of beef and mutton. The present invention aims to improve the lean meat rate of cattle and sheep, reduce fat deposition through scientific nutritional regulation, thereby improving meat quality and economic benefits.

[0017] 2. Technical Solutions

[0018] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0019] A functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0020] Soybean meal: 40 - 50 parts,

[0021] Oligosaccharides: 5 - 10 parts,

[0022] Nattokinase: 3 - 5 parts,

[0023] Conjugated linoleic acid: 5 - 8 parts,

[0024] Compound enzyme preparation: 5 - 8 parts,

[0025] Dry yeast powder: 5 - 10 parts.

[0026] Preferably, the functional nutritional feed, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0027] Soybean meal: 45 parts,

[0028] Oligosaccharides: 8 parts,

[0029] Nattokinase: 4 parts,

[0030] Conjugated linoleic acid: 7 parts,

[0031] Compound enzyme preparation: 6 parts,

[0032] Dry yeast powder: 8 parts.

[0033] Preferably, the parameters of the soybean meal are as follows:

[0034] The crude protein content is 46.7% - 48.5%.

[0035] Preferably, the oligosaccharides are one or a combination of fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides.

[0036] Preferably, the nattokinase is a nattokinase preparation with an activity of 2000 - 5000 FU / , prepared by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto.

[0037] Preferably, the parameters of the conjugated linoleic acid are as follows: Molecular formula: C 18 H 32 O2, Molecular weight: 280.45 g / mol.

[0038] Preferably, the compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase. By weight percentage, cellulase accounts for 40%, protease accounts for 30%, amylase accounts for 20%, and lipase accounts for 10%.

[0039] Preferably, the CAS number of the dry yeast powder is 8013 - 01 - 2, and the number of active yeast cells: ≥1×10 6 CFU / g.

[0040] The preparation method of the functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep includes the following steps:

[0041] Mix oligosaccharides, nattokinase, and compound enzyme preparations in proportion, and use a double - helix conical mixer for mixing. The mixing time is 10 min and the mixing speed is 20 r / min to ensure uniformity. Then add soybean meal, conjugated linoleic acid, and dry yeast powder, and continue mixing for 15 min at a mixing speed of 30 r / min to ensure thorough mixing. Feed the mixed feed into a conditioner, add saturated steam, control the conditioning temperature at 65 °C, and the conditioning time is 20 s. Then use a ring - die granulator with a die hole diameter of 2 - 4 mm and a compression ratio of 8:1. Next, quickly cool the pelleted feed to room temperature using a counter - current cooler to prevent moisture re - absorption. Finally, remove debris and unqualified particles through a vibrating screen, and package it with a moisture - proof and antioxidant composite film bag, with a net weight of 25 kg per bag. Control the storage temperature < 25 °C and humidity < 65%.

[0042] 3. Beneficial effects

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] Improve lean meat percentage: The functional nutritional feed of the present invention significantly improves the lean meat percentage of cattle and sheep through scientific formulation. Experimental data shows that after using this feed, the lean meat percentage increases by more than 3%, and subcutaneous and visceral fat decreases by more than 30%. By reducing fat deposition, the body shape of cattle and sheep is improved, with a wider back, larger buttocks, and smaller belly, thus enhancing the meat quality and market competitiveness.

[0045] Promote weight gain and bone growth: This feed can effectively promote the bone and muscle growth of cattle and sheep, increasing the daily weight gain by 5% - 15% (varying according to breed, nutrition, and feeding conditions). The nutritional feed can direct excess energy to be efficiently utilized in bone and muscle tissues, avoiding energy storage in the form of fat.

[0046] Improve meat quality: The present invention not only improves the lean meat percentage but also enhances the quality of beef and mutton. After using this feed, the meat is more tender, the eye muscle area increases, and the meat color and marbling score are improved. In addition, this feed can reduce pre - slaughter stress response and post - slaughter drip loss, and increase the content of flavor substances such as creatine and nucleotides, meeting the market demand for high - end beef and mutton.

[0047] Green and safe: The present invention does not contain antibiotics and hormones, has no residue risk, and meets the requirements of green, safe, and environmental protection. It regulates animal metabolism through natural ingredients, has no safety hazards, and effectively prevents the use of illegal additives in the market.

[0048] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient and safe functional nutritional feed, which can not only significantly improve the production performance of cattle and sheep, but also improve the meat quality, bringing higher economic benefits to farmers. Specific Embodiments

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0050] The raw material components involved in the present invention are common market products, which can be purchased and obtained through online, offline platforms and other means.

[0051] In the present invention, parts by weight are only relative masses, and 1 kilogram (kg) of mass is equivalent to one part by weight during testing.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat loss in cattle and sheep, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0054] Soybean meal: 40 parts,

[0055] Fructo-oligosaccharide: 10 parts,

[0056] Nattokinase: 3 parts,

[0057] Conjugated linoleic acid: 8 parts,

[0058] Compound enzyme preparation: 5 parts,

[0059] Dry yeast powder: 10 parts.

[0060] The parameters of the soybean meal are as follows:

[0061] The crude protein mass content is 46.7%.

[0062] The fructo-oligosaccharide is fructo-oligosaccharide. Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) is a carbohydrate formed by sucrose and 1-3 fructose groups combined with the fructose group in sucrose through β-1,2 glycosidic bonds, mainly including kestose (GF2), nystose (GF3) and fructofuranosyl nystose (GF4) 12, CAS No.: 308066-66-2.

[0063] The nattokinase described above is a nattokinase preparation with an activity of 2000 FU / , which is prepared by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto. The preparation method is as follows: Preparation method: Nattokinase is prepared by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto (Bacillus subtilis natto). The specific steps include: Seed bacteria culture: The Bacillus natto seed bacteria are cultured in LB culture medium for 12 h. Fermentation: The cultured seed bacteria are inoculated into the fermentation broth in the fermenter and fermented for 10 h. Extraction: Nattokinase is extracted from the fermentation broth by various methods such as dialysis, centrifugation, filtration, etc. to ensure the activity and purity of the product. Removal of bad smell: During the preparation of nattokinase, bad smell may be generated. To improve the acceptance of the product, the extract is usually treated to remove these smells. Drying: Finally, the extracted nattokinase liquid is made into powder by freeze-drying or other drying methods to ensure its activity.

[0064] The parameters of the conjugated linoleic acid described above are as follows: Molecular formula: C 18 H 32 O2, Molecular weight: 280.45 g / mol. Physiological functions: Anti-tumor effect: CLA has the functions of inhibiting cancer initiation, promotion and progression, and can inhibit tumor metastasis. The mechanism may be that CLA is similar in structure to linoleic acid, affecting the synthesis of cyclooxygenase in human gastric adenocarcinoma, thus restricting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Reduction of body fat: CLA can reduce the content of adipose tissue through mechanisms such as increasing energy consumption, reducing fat accumulation, reducing adipocyte differentiation, increasing adipocyte apoptosis, and enhancing cell oxidation in bones. Research shows that CLA can inhibit lipid synthesis and strengthen lipolysis in adipose tissue, reducing body fat, especially abdominal fat. Reduction of blood lipids: CLA can reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thus preventing atherosclerosis. Other functions: CLA also shows various physiological functions such as antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, immune-enhancing, diabetes-preventing, and bone tissue metabolism-improving.

[0065] The composite enzyme preparation described above is composed of cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase. By weight percentage, cellulase (3000 IU / g) accounts for 40%, protease (12 U / mg) accounts for 30%, amylase (6000 U / mL) accounts for 20%, and lipase (3000 FIP / g) accounts for 10%. Cellulase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze cellulose in plant cell walls, mainly decomposing cellulose into oligosaccharides or glucose. It is used in feed to improve the digestion and absorption rate of animals for plant-based feeds, especially the cellulose in roughage. Source: Commercially available cellulase mainly comes from fungi, especially the genus Aspergillus. These fungi produce highly active cellulase through fermentation engineering and are widely used in the feed industry. Procurement source: It can be purchased from many domestic and foreign biotech companies, such as Dongheng Huadao Biotechnology. Protease decomposes proteins into small peptides and amino acids by hydrolyzing peptide bonds in proteins, promoting the absorption of proteins by animals. Protease helps to improve the utilization rate of proteins in feed, especially in high-protein diets. Types: Common proteases include serine protease, cysteine protease and metalloprotease, etc. In the feed industry, broad-spectrum neutral or alkaline proteases are mostly used. Source: Protease is usually produced by microbial fermentation, and common strains include Bacillus subtilis. Procurement source: It can be purchased from bioproduct companies such as Adisseo. Amylase can hydrolyze starch into simple sugars such as maltose and glucose, thereby improving the digestibility of carbohydrates in feed. It helps to quickly release and absorb energy in animal diets. Types: Common amylases include α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase. α-Amylase mainly hydrolyzes the α-1,4 bonds in linear and branched starches. Source: Amylase is usually produced by microbial fermentation of microorganisms such as the genus Rhizopus. Procurement source: It can be purchased from many domestic and foreign suppliers, such as the Rhizopus fermentation products recommended by the National Food and Nutrition Consultative Committee. Lipase can hydrolyze lipids, decomposing triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids, promoting the digestion and absorption of fat by animals. It is particularly important in high-fat feed formulations and helps to improve energy utilization efficiency. Source: Lipase is usually produced by microbial fermentation of microorganisms such as the genus Aspergillus, and can also be extracted from animal tissues such as pig pancreas. Procurement source: It can be purchased from many bioproduct companies, such as microbial fermentation lipase products provided by well-known domestic and foreign suppliers.

[0066] The CAS number of the dry yeast powder described above is 8013-01-2, and the number of viable yeast cells: ≥1×10 6 CFU / g.

[0067] For the preparation method of the functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep as described above, it includes the following steps:

[0068] Mix oligosaccharides, nattokinase, and compound enzyme preparation in proportion, and use a twin screw horizontal mixer (TSHM) for mixing. The mixing time is 10 min and the mixing speed is 20 r / min to ensure uniformity. Then add soybean meal, conjugated linoleic acid, and dry yeast powder, and continue to mix for 15 min at a mixing speed of 30 r / min to ensure thorough mixing. Feed the mixed feed into a conditioner (Zhengchang), add saturated steam, control the conditioning temperature at 65 °C, and the conditioning time at 20 s. Then use a ring die pellet mill (RICHI Machinery, model: SZLH858, production capacity: 28 - 45 tons / h, power: 315 / 355 KW), with a die hole diameter of 2 mm and a compression ratio of 8:1 (the ratio of the volume of the original material to the volume of the compressed pellets). Then, quickly cool the pelleted feed to room temperature using a counterflow cooler (Geelen Counterflow, model: VK19x24RS) to prevent moisture reabsorption. Finally, remove debris and unqualified pellets through a vibrating screen, and package them in moisture-proof and antioxidant composite film bags, with a net weight of 25 kg per bag. Control the storage temperature < 25 °C and humidity < 65%.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0071] Soybean meal: 50 parts,

[0072] Oligosaccharides: 5 parts,

[0073] Nattokinase: 5 parts,

[0074] Conjugated linoleic acid: 5 parts,

[0075] Compound enzyme preparation: 8 parts,

[0076] Dry yeast powder: 5 parts.

[0077] The parameters of the soybean meal are as follows:

[0078] The crude protein content is 48.5%.

[0079] The oligosaccharides are xylo-oligosaccharides, and the EINECS number is 1592732 - 453 - 0.

[0080] The nattokinase is a nattokinase preparation with an activity of 2000 - 5000 FU / , prepared by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto.

[0081] The parameters of the conjugated linoleic acid are as follows: Molecular formula: C18 H 32 O2, molecular weight: 280.45 g / mol.

[0082] The composite enzyme preparation described above is composed of cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase. By weight percentage, cellulase accounts for 40%, protease accounts for 30%, amylase accounts for 20%, and lipase accounts for 10%.

[0083] The CAS number of the dry yeast powder described above is 8013-01-2, and the number of active yeast cells: ≥1×10 6 CFU / g.

[0084] The preparation method of the functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep is as described above, including the following steps:

[0085] Mix the oligosaccharide, nattokinase and composite enzyme preparation in proportion, and use a double helix conical mixer for mixing treatment. The mixing time is 10 min and the mixing speed is 20 r / min to ensure uniformity. Then add soybean meal, conjugated linoleic acid and dry yeast powder, and continue to mix for 15 min with a mixing speed of 30 r / min to ensure thorough mixing; Feed the mixed feed into a conditioner, add saturated steam, control the conditioning temperature at 65°C, and the conditioning time is 20 s; Then use a ring die granulator with a die hole diameter of 4 mm and a compression ratio of 8:1; Next, quickly cool the granulated feed to room temperature using a countercurrent cooler to prevent moisture reabsorption; Finally, remove debris and unqualified particles through a vibrating screen, and package it with a moisture-proof and antioxidant composite film bag. The net weight of each bag is 25 kg, and the storage temperature is controlled at <25°C and the humidity is <65%.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle growth and fat reduction in cattle and sheep, by weight, includes the following components:

[0088] Soybean meal: 45 parts,

[0089] Oligosaccharide: 8 parts,

[0090] Nattokinase: 4 parts,

[0091] Conjugated linoleic acid: 7 parts,

[0092] Composite enzyme preparation: 6 parts,

[0093] Dry yeast powder: 8 parts.

[0094] The parameters of the soybean meal described above are as follows:

[0095] The crude protein content is 48%.

[0096] The oligosaccharide described above is galactooligosaccharide,

[0097] The nattokinase described above is a nattokinase preparation with an activity of 2000 - 5000 FU / , which is prepared by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto.

[0098] The parameters of the conjugated linoleic acid described above are as follows: Molecular formula: C 18 H 32 O2, Molecular weight: 280.45 g / mol.

[0099] The composite enzyme preparation described above is composed of cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase. By weight percentage, cellulase accounts for 40%, protease accounts for 30%, amylase accounts for 20%, and lipase accounts for 10%.

[0100] The CAS number of the dry yeast powder described above is 8013 - 01 - 2, and the number of active yeast cells: ≥1×10 6 CFU / g.

[0101] The preparation method of the functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep as described above includes the following steps:

[0102] Mix the oligosaccharides, nattokinase, and composite enzyme preparation in proportion, and use a double - helix conical mixer for mixing treatment. The mixing time is 10 min and the mixing speed is 20 r / min to ensure uniformity. Then add soybean meal, conjugated linoleic acid, and dry yeast powder, and continue to mix for 15 min at a mixing speed of 30 r / min to ensure thorough mixing; Feed the mixed feed into a conditioner, add saturated steam, control the conditioning temperature at 65°C, and the conditioning time is 20 s; Then use a ring - die granulator with a die hole diameter of 3 mm and a compression ratio of 8:1; Next, quickly cool the granulated feed to room temperature using a counter - current cooler to prevent moisture re - absorption; Finally, remove debris and unqualified particles through a vibrating screen, and package it with a moisture - proof and oxidation - proof composite film bag, with a net weight of 25 kg per bag, and control the storage temperature < 25°C and humidity < 65%.

[0103] In addition, to further enhance the muscle and bone growth of cattle and sheep, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, carnitine glutamate (NCG), creatine precursors, yeast cultures, and rumen-protected B vitamins can be added. Their proportion composition is as follows: NCG 60%, guanidinoacetic acid 30%, yeast cultures and vitamins, etc. 10%. This combination can effectively direct the excess energy to the bone and muscle tissues, preventing it from being converted into subcutaneous and visceral fat. According to biochemical principles, arginine and glycine generate guanidinoacetic acid under the action of L-arginine glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), and guanidinoacetic acid is then converted into creatine through N-dimethyltransferase (GAMT). Creatine is a key node in animal energy metabolism (ATP synthesis and decomposition), but the creatine synthesized by animals themselves is often insufficient, resulting in the inefficient utilization of energy in the feed, and the excess energy is thus converted into subcutaneous and visceral fat. Through the metabolic regulators provided by the nutritional package (such as the arginine precursor NCG, active methyl donors, and various vitamins), it can not only promote the production of creatine but also reduce the accumulation of harmful intermediate metabolite homocysteine. At the same time, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 plays an important role in bone formation and bone calcium deposition.

[0104] Test plan

[0105] This experiment aims to evaluate the application effect of the nutritional feed (prepared in Example 3) on fattening Hu sheep and Angus beef cattle, especially its impact on indicators such as lean meat percentage, carcass weight, slaughter rate, and daily weight gain. Through a scientifically designed experimental plan, the effectiveness of the nutritional feed in improving the production performance of cattle and sheep is verified.

[0106] A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was adopted. The experimental animals were divided into a control group and an experimental group, and the experimental group was fed with the assistance of nutritional feed. The experimental subjects included fattening Hu sheep and Angus beef cattle. - Hu sheep: Healthy Hu sheep with similar weights (45 - 50 kg) and an age of about 6 - 8 months were selected. - Angus beef cattle: Healthy Angus beef cattle with similar weights (450 - 500 kg) and an age of about 12 - 14 months were selected.

[0107] Experiment on Hu sheep:

[0108] - Control group: Basic feed.

[0109] - Experimental group: Basic feed + nutritional feed.

[0110] Experiment on Angus beef cattle:

[0111] - Control 1: Corn - soybean meal diet.

[0112] - Control 2: Corn miscellaneous meal diet.

[0113] - Experimental group 1: Corn - soybean meal diet + nutritional feed.

[0114] - Experimental Group 2: Corn and Miscellaneous Meal Diet + Nutritional Feed.

[0115] Feed Formulation and Feeding Amount:

[0116] Hu Sheep Experiment

[0117] - Basic Feed Formulation (per sheep per day):

[0118] - Corn: 300 grams

[0119] - Soybean Meal: 100 grams

[0120] - Wheat Bran: 100 grams

[0121] - Silage: 500 grams

[0122] - Hay: 300 grams

[0123] - Additives:

[0124] - Control Group: No Additives.

[0125] - Experimental Group: Add 10 grams of "Body Beauty Tendon Nutritional Function Package" per sheep per day.

[0126] Angus Beef Cattle Experiment

[0127] - Basic Feed Formulation (per cow per day):

[0128] - Corn or Miscellaneous Meal (different diet types): 6 kg

[0129] - Soybean Meal (different diet types): 2 kg

[0130] - Silage: 10 kg

[0131] - Hay: 5 kg

[0132] Among them, the parameters of soybean meal are as follows: protein content: 49%, crude fiber: 7%, fat: 1.6%, calcium: 0.3%, phosphorus: 0.7%, energy value: 325 kcal / 100 g.

[0133] Among them, the parameters of miscellaneous meal are as follows: protein content: cottonseed meal: 36%, rapeseed meal: 40%, peanut meal: 45%, crude fiber: cottonseed meal: 13%, rapeseed meal: 12%, peanut meal: 8%.

[0134] Among them, the parameters of silage are as follows: crude protein content: 8% (based on dry matter), crude fiber content: 25% (based on dry matter), moisture content: 65%, lactic acid content: 8%, pH value: 4.

[0135] The parameters of the hay are as follows: protein content: 8%, crude fiber: 33%, calcium content: 0.5%, phosphorus content: 0.3%.

[0136] - Additives:

[0137] - Control Group 1 and Control Group 2: No additives.

[0138] - Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2: 50 grams of nutritional feed are added to each cow daily.

[0139] Feeding frequency and method:

[0140] - Feed twice a day, at 8:00 am and 4:00 pm respectively. All animals are fed at the same time and in the same way to ensure the consistency of experimental conditions.

[0141] - Provide free access to drinking water.

[0142] Experimental period:

[0143] Experimental period for Hu sheep:

[0144] 90 days (3 months), including an adaptation period (7 days) and a formal test period (83 days).

[0145] Experimental period for Angus beef cattle:

[0146] 120 days (4 months), including an adaptation period (7 days) and a formal test period (113 days).

[0147] Measurement indicators and frequencies:

[0148] Experiment on Hu sheep

[0149] Live weight before slaughter (kg):

[0150] - Measurement frequency: Measure once every 15 days and record the individual weight change each time.

[0151] - Measuring tool: Electronic scale.

[0152] Carcass weight (kg):

[0153] - Measure at the time of slaughter.

[0154] Slaughter rate (%):

[0155] - Slaughter rate = (Carcass weight / Live weight before slaughter) × 100%.

[0156] Lean meat rate (%):

[0157] - Determine the proportion of lean meat in the carcass by dissection after slaughter.

[0158] Experiment on Angus beef cattle

[0159] Live weight before slaughter (kg):

[0160] - Measurement frequency: Measure once every 30 days and record the individual weight change each time.

[0161] - Measuring tool: Electronic scale.

[0162] Hot carcass weight (kg):

[0163] - Measure at the time of slaughter.

[0164] Dressing percentage (%):

[0165] - Dressing percentage = (Hot carcass weight / Live weight before slaughter) × 100%.

[0166] Daily weight gain (kg / day):

[0167] - Daily weight gain = (Final weight – Initial weight) / Number of days.

[0168] Feed conversion ratio (G / F):

[0169] - Feed conversion ratio = Feed amount consumed per kilogram of weight gain.

[0170] Data collection and analysis:

[0171] - Record the individual data of all animals at each measurement and calculate the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM).

[0172] - Analyze the data using statistical methods, calculate the means and standard errors between groups, and judge the significance of differences through the P-value. A P-value < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.

[0173] Data analysis method

[0174] - Use one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or t-test to compare the differences between different groups.

[0175] - Use statistical software such as SPSS or R for data analysis, and calculate the means, standard errors, and P-values of each index.

[0176] Experiment end and slaughter arrangement

[0177] At the end of the experiment, slaughter all animals and record the following data:

[0178] Live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, lean meat percentage.

[0179] Precautions: Ensure that all animals are in good health during the experiment to avoid diseases or external factors interfering with the experimental results. When collecting data, strictly follow the standard operating procedures to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the data. The feeding conditions of all animals should be kept consistent, including environmental temperature, humidity, light, etc., to reduce the impact of external variables on the results.

[0180] This test plan aims to evaluate the effects of nutritional feed on the production performance of fattening Hu sheep and Angus beef cattle. Through detailed data collection and analysis, its effects in improving lean meat rate, carcass weight, slaughter rate, etc. can be obtained, providing a scientific basis for its application in actual production.

[0181] Table 1 Application of Nutritional Feed on Fattening Hu Sheep

[0182]

[0183] Table 2 Role of Nutritional Feed in Improving the Lean Meat Rate of Hu Sheep

[0184] Index Control group Experimental group SEM P value Live weight before slaughter (kg) 47.07 48.40 2.259 0.947 Carcass weight (kg) 22.54 24.87 1.265 0.617 Slaughter rate (%) 47.98 51.38 1.069 0.242 Lean meat rate (%) 64.40 67.83 1.038 0.04

[0185] Table 3 Effects of Nutritional Feed on Improving the Slaughter Rate of Angus Beef Cattle

[0186]

[0187] Table 4 Application Effects of Nutritional Feed on the Fattening of Angus Beef Cattle

[0188] Item Control group Nutritional feed group SEM P value Initial weight (kg) 474.6 474.0 7.252 0.92 Final weight (kg) 520.1 527.2 8.506 0.03 Daily weight gain (kg / d) 1.38 1.61 0.617 0.02 Feed conversion ratio (G / F) 8.40 6.91 0.253 0.01

[0189] As shown in Tables 1 - 4, through a scientifically designed randomized controlled trial (RCT), this experiment evaluated the application effects of nutritional feed (prepared in Example 3) on fattening Hu sheep and Angus beef cattle, especially the effects on production performance indicators such as lean meat rate, carcass weight, slaughter rate, and daily weight gain. The experimental results show that nutritional feed has significant effects in improving the production performance of cattle and sheep, and the specific summary is as follows:

[0190] Experimental Results of Hu Sheep

[0191] Daily weight gain: The daily weight gain of the experimental group of Hu sheep was significantly higher than that of the control group (153.7 g / d vs 132.9 g / d, P = 0.008), indicating that nutritional feed can effectively promote the growth of Hu sheep.

[0192] Feed conversion rate: The feed conversion rate (F / G) of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group (8.70 vs 9.70, P = 0.017), indicating that nutritional feed improved the utilization efficiency of feed.

[0193] Lean meat percentage: The lean meat percentage of Hu sheep in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (67.83% vs 64.40%, P = 0.04), indicating that the nutritional feed helps reduce fat deposition and increase the proportion of lean meat.

[0194] Experimental results of Angus beef cattle

[0195] Hot carcass weight: The hot carcass weights of experimental group 1 (soybean meal diet + nutritional feed) and experimental group 2 (miscellaneous meal diet + nutritional feed) were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control groups respectively (380.50 kg vs 356.50 kg, P = 0.02; 347.17 kg vs 335.83 kg, P = 0.02), indicating that the nutritional feed can increase the carcass weight after slaughter.

[0196] Slaughter rate: The slaughter rates of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were also significantly higher than those of the corresponding control groups (57.90% vs 55.30%, P = 0.05; 56.68% vs 54.79%, P = 0.05), indicating that the nutritional feed helps improve the slaughter efficiency.

[0197] Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio: In the fattening experiment of Angus beef cattle, the daily weight gain of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.61 kg / d vs 1.38 kg / d, P = 0.02), and at the same time, the feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (6.91 vs 8.40, P = 0.01), indicating that the nutritional feed can effectively increase the growth rate of cattle and optimize feed utilization.

[0198] According to the experimental results, the nutritional feed significantly improved the production performance of fattening Hu sheep and Angus beef cattle, including key indicators such as lean meat percentage, carcass weight, slaughter rate and daily weight gain. Especially in terms of lean meat percentage and feed conversion efficiency, the nutritional feed showed good effects, providing a scientific basis for its application in actual production. This nutritional feed can not only promote animal growth, but also improve meat quality and increase economic benefits.

[0199] From the perspective of enzymology, the effect of the prepared feed on increasing muscle and reducing fat is mainly achieved through the following key mechanisms:

[0200] Compound enzyme preparations usually contain various enzymes such as cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase, which can significantly improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of animals for the nutritional components in the feed.

[0201] - Cellulase: Decompose cellulose in the plant cell wall and convert it into absorbable sugars, improving the utilization rate of roughage by animals.

[0202] - Protease: Hydrolyze proteins into small peptides and amino acids, enhance the absorption of proteins, and contribute to muscle growth.

[0203] α - amylase: Breaks down starch into glucose, providing quickly available energy and reducing fat storage.

[0204] - Lipase: Promotes the breakdown of fat and reduces the accumulation of body fat.

[0205] These enzymes achieve the effect of increasing muscle mass and reducing fat by improving the nutritional conversion efficiency in feed, enabling more energy to be used for muscle and bone growth rather than being stored in the form of fat.

[0206] Nattokinase is an active substance produced by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus natto, with functions such as anti - thrombosis and anti - inflammation. Its role in feed is mainly to enhance the metabolic efficiency in animals by improving blood circulation and promoting the delivery of nutrients. More efficient metabolism means more energy is used for muscle growth rather than being stored as fat [1].

[0207] Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid naturally present in certain vegetable oils, and it shows significant effects in reducing body fat accumulation and increasing lean meat percentage. CLA acts through the following mechanisms:

[0208] - Inhibiting lipid synthesis: Blocks the differentiation of fat cells and reduces the generation of new fat cells.

[0209] - Promoting fat breakdown: Increases the rate of fat oxidation in the body, causing more stored fat to be broken down into energy.

[0210] - Enhancing bone and muscle growth: CLA can direct energy to be preferentially used for bone and muscle tissues rather than fat storage.

[0211] Dried yeast powder is rich in active yeast cells and their metabolites, which help improve the microbial community in the animal digestive tract and enhance the nutrient absorption capacity. Especially for components such as protein and cellulose that are difficult to digest, dried yeast powder can promote their fermentation, improve digestion efficiency, thereby reducing feed waste and promoting lean meat growth.

[0212] Oligosaccharides (such as fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, etc.) are prebiotics that can promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the animal intestine. These beneficial bacteria can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve the overall health of animals, and increase the absorption efficiency of nutrients. Better nutrient absorption directly supports muscle growth while reducing the conversion of excess energy into fat.

[0213] From an enzymatic perspective, the preparation of the feed optimizes the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the feed through the synergistic action of components such as compound enzyme preparations, nattokinase, conjugated linoleic acid, dry yeast powder, and oligosaccharides. This not only increases the lean meat rate but also reduces the accumulation of excess fat in the body, thus achieving the effect of increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. This feed technology meets the requirements of modern animal husbandry for efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly production methods. By combining these functional substances, the present invention has a positive regulatory effect on the metabolic pathways of cattle and sheep: AMPK signaling pathway: Conjugated linoleic acid can activate the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway, promote the oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids, and inhibit the expression of genes related to fat synthesis. PPARγ signaling pathway: CLA and nattokinase may regulate the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), affecting the differentiation and metabolism of adipocytes. Intestinal microbiota metabolic pathway: Oligosaccharides and dry yeast powder improve the intestinal microbial community structure, affect the host's nutrient metabolism and immune regulation, and promote muscle growth and reduce fat deposition through the microbe-host interaction mechanism.

[0214] The above content further elaborates on the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, which should all be regarded as falling within the protection scope determined by the claims submitted for the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep, characterized in that: By weight, it comprises the following components: Soybean meal: 40 - 50 parts, Oligosaccharides: 5 - 10 parts, Nattokinase: 3 - 5 parts, Conjugated linoleic acid: 5 - 8 parts, Compound enzyme preparation: 5 - 8 parts, Dry yeast powder: 5 - 10 parts.

2. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, it comprises the following components: Soybean meal: 45 parts, Oligosaccharides: 8 parts, Nattokinase: 4 parts, Conjugated linoleic acid: 7 parts, Compound enzyme preparation: 6 parts, Dry yeast powder: 8 parts.

3. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the soybean meal are as follows: The crude protein content is 46.7% - 48.5%.

4. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oligosaccharides are one or a combination of fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, etc.

5. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nattokinase described is a nattokinase preparation with an activity of 2000 - 5000 FU / , which is prepared from Bacillus natto fermented soybeans.

6. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the conjugated linoleic acid are as follows: Molecular formula: C 18 H 32 O2, Molecular weight: 280.45 g / mol.

7. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, protease, amylase and lipase. By weight percentage, cellulase accounts for 40%, protease accounts for 30%, amylase accounts for 20%, and lipase accounts for 10%.

8. The functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CAS number of the dry yeast powder described is 8013-01-2, and the number of viable yeast cells: ≥1×10 6 CFU / g.

9. The preparation method of the functional nutritional feed for promoting muscle gain and fat loss in cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: Mix the oligosaccharides, nattokinase, and compound enzyme preparation in proportion, and use a double - helix conical mixer for mixing treatment, with a mixing time of 10 min and a mixing speed of 20 r / min to ensure uniformity. Then add soybean meal, conjugated linoleic acid, and dry yeast powder, and continue to mix for 15 min with a mixing speed of 30 r / min to ensure thorough mixing; Feed the mixed feed into a conditioner, add saturated steam, control the conditioning temperature at 65°C, and the conditioning time at 20 s; Then use a ring - die granulator with a die hole diameter of 2 - 4 mm and a compression ratio of 8:1; Then, quickly cool the pelleted feed to room temperature using a counter - current cooler to prevent moisture re - absorption; Finally, remove debris and unqualified particles through a vibrating screen, and package it with a moisture - proof and oxidation - proof composite film bag, with a net weight of 25 kg per bag, and control the storage temperature < 25°C and humidity < 65%.

Images