Multi-field coupled microwave deicing intelligent system and energy efficiency dynamic regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-field coupled microwave deicing intelligent system and an energy efficiency dynamic regulation and control method, and relates to the field of material surface ice layer desorption behavior research and deicing technology experimental testing. In order to solve the technical defects in the prior art that the existing microwave deicing technology still has obvious defects in the aspects of power adjustability, field distribution uniformity, interface depth temperature measurement, real-time mechanical test and the like, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the microwave deicing device comprises a microwave box body which is a metal closed cavity and is provided with a waveguide interface; a stirrer is arranged inside; the refrigerating system is connected with the back surface of the bearing plate of the microwave box body; a pressure head at the tail end of the mechanical loading module applies thrust to the ice layer; the device and the method are used for realizing construction, microwave heating and real-time mechanical testing of a low-temperature icing environment on the same platform. The method can be applied to dynamic monitoring and research work in multi-physics coupling deicing scenes such as aviation, traffic and new energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] It involves the research on the ice layer desorption behavior on the material surface and the experimental testing field of deicing technology. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the requirements for anti-icing and deicing efficiency and safety in the fields of aviation, rail transit, wind power, etc., the "microwave deicing technology" that uses microwave energy to rapidly heat and weaken the adhesion at the ice layer and substrate interface has gradually attracted attention. This technology couples energy to water-containing or wave-absorbing materials with electromagnetic waves, causing the local temperature to rise rapidly and triggering ice layer interface desorption. It has potential advantages such as fast heating speed, environmental friendliness, and being less likely to damage the base material, so it has broad application prospects in anti-icing / deicing scenarios such as aircraft wings, overhead catenaries, wind turbine blades, bridges, and ship decks.

[0003] Currently, the research on microwave deicing mainly focuses on the following aspects:

[0004] Microwave Source and Energy Distribution

[0005] Most researchers use a 2.45 GHz magnetron microwave source and conduct heating and desorption tests on ice layers with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm in a laboratory environment. To simulate different ice thicknesses and ice layer material properties, some literatures irradiate with a single fixed power (such as 500 W or 800 W), and there are also studies that attempt pulsed or intermittent heating through limited power adjustment (such as only high / low gears). Some studies layout stirrers in a box-type microwave cavity or anechoic chamber environment to improve the problem of uneven field distribution in the cavity.

[0006] Temperature Field Test and Ice Layer Internal Temperature Monitoring

[0007] Infrared thermal imagers are often used to monitor the surface temperature of the ice layer in real time, which can clearly reflect the dynamic distribution of the surface temperature field brought by microwave heating; there are also some studies that use additional thermocouples or the transient plane heat source method to measure the intrinsic thermal parameters of the ice layer or the wave-absorbing layer. However, infrared thermal imagers can only obtain the surface temperature, and it is usually difficult to accurately measure the internal and interface temperatures. Moreover, if sensors need to be implanted by destroying the ice layer during real-time measurement, it will interrupt the continuity of the experiment.

[0008] Measurement of Ice-Substrate Interface Adhesion Mechanics

[0009] Regarding the research on the mechanical properties of the ice-covered interface, a shear testing machine or a tensile testing machine is mostly used to measure the ice layer adhesion force offline under the condition of no microwave; under the condition of microwave irradiation, most literatures only record the time point when the ice layer falls off as a whole and indirectly infer the change of the interface adhesion force. Such methods are difficult to obtain real-time mechanical data during heating and cannot accurately capture the dynamic evolution process of the interface from initial adhesion to critical desorption.

[0010] Multi-physics coupling and experimental system

[0011] Existing studies often set up testing methods for different physical fields such as electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical fields independently, and lack a comprehensive experimental platform that can synchronously monitor microwave field distribution, ice phase change and mechanical desorption process. The timing of various data acquisition devices is not synchronized, which, on the one hand, causes a gap in the mechanism analysis under multi-field coupling; on the other hand, it is difficult to achieve coordinated control of microwave power, refrigeration temperature and mechanical loading, and it is impossible to fully characterize or optimize the ice desorption process.

[0012] Integration and analysis of experimental data

[0013] In the existing experimental framework, temperature field and mechanical data usually come from different test systems (such as thermal imagers and tensile gauges). The sampling frequencies and timing benchmarks of the two are inconsistent, and there is a lack of unified data processing specifications, which leads to scattered or inaccurate measurement results. It is difficult to make an in-depth quantitative analysis of the relationship between microwave energy input and the evolution of interfacial desorption force.

[0014] In summary, although microwave deicing technology has achieved certain results in the research and development of different fields, there are still obvious deficiencies in power adjustability, field distribution uniformity, interface depth temperature measurement, and real-time mechanical testing. In particular, there is a lack of experimental systems that can synchronously couple electromagnetic fields, thermal fields, and mechanical fields and monitor them in real time, resulting in a lack of comprehensive and accurate research support for issues such as the mechanism of ice layer adhesion changes during microwave heating, microwave energy transfer efficiency, and deicing condition optimization. Since it is difficult to dynamically track the internal temperature field and interface adhesion of the ice layer, it is also difficult to achieve the linkage control of microwave power and mechanical loading. Therefore, in actual applications, there are often local overheating, high energy consumption, or inability to accurately trigger ice layer desorption. Summary of the invention

[0015] In order to solve the technical defects existing in the prior art, the existing microwave deicing technology still has obvious deficiencies in power adjustability, field distribution uniformity, interface depth temperature measurement and real-time mechanical testing, etc., the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0016] A multi-field coupled microwave deicing intelligent system, the system comprising:

[0017] A microwave box, which is a metal closed cavity with a waveguide interface on the top and a stirrer installed inside;

[0018] A refrigeration system, wherein the evaporator copper tube array of the refrigeration system is connected to the back side of the carrier plate of the microwave cabinet;

[0019] A mechanical loading module, the mechanical loading module comprising a servo motor, a ball screw and a thrust sensor, a terminal pressure head of which passes through the side of the microwave box and applies thrust to the ice layer;

[0020] Among them, the microwave box body, the refrigeration system and the mechanical loading module are fixedly connected through pipelines and flanges or bolts, so as to realize the construction of a low-temperature icing environment, microwave heating and real-time mechanical testing on the same platform.

[0021] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for dynamically regulating the energy efficiency of microwave de-icing with multi-field coupling, and the method includes:

[0022] The step of collecting temperature data and mechanical data and performing synchronous marking;

[0023] The step of inputting the temperature data and mechanical data after synchronous marking into a feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm to obtain the change trend of the ice layer thickness and comparing it with a set interface temperature threshold or adhesion force threshold;

[0024] The step of generating a microwave power adjustment instruction according to the comparison result and sending it to the microwave source drive control port, and simultaneously dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the stirrer;

[0025] The step of fusing the microwave power adjustment instruction and the stirrer rotation speed return value with the real-time measurement value at the next preset moment, repeating the comparison operation and correction, and triggering the mechanical loading program when the interface temperature or adhesion force reaches the set standard;

[0026] The step of sending a mechanical loading trigger instruction, receiving the load and displacement information fed back during the execution process, and then using the feedback information as the input for the next round of calculation until it is monitored that the ice layer desorption is completed and finally outputting the de-icing result.

[0027] Furthermore, a preferred implementation manner is provided, and synchronous marking is performed by adding a time stamp.

[0028] Furthermore, a preferred implementation manner is provided, and when calculating the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm, it further includes the step of outputting a deviation correction parameter to perform real-time correction on the predicted value of the ice layer thickness.

[0029] Furthermore, a preferred implementation manner is provided, and it further includes the step of jointly outputting and recording the time stamp and the instruction content of the microwave power adjustment instruction.

[0030] Furthermore, a preferred implementation manner is provided, and the mechanical loading trigger instruction includes acceleration, deceleration and stop instructions.

[0031] Furthermore, a preferred implementation manner is provided, and the feedback information is used as the input for the next round of calculation of the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm.

[0032] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium for storing a computer program, and when the computer program is read by a computer, the computer executes the method described above.

[0033] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer, including a processor and a storage medium, and when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the method described above.

[0034] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer program product. As a computer program, when the computer program is executed, the method described above is implemented.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0036] This solution adopts an adjustable output design in the microwave source and combines a stirrer device to achieve a more uniform electromagnetic field distribution. Compared with the existing research that generally uses a fixed-power magnetron or a relatively narrow power adjustment mode, this adjustable microwave source can flexibly control the heating rate or perform pulsed power output in experiments. The effect is that it can be closer to the actual working condition requirements, avoid local overheating or energy waste, and still maintain an efficient weakening of the ice adhesion force under lower energy consumption conditions.

[0037] This solution integrates a refrigeration system at the bottom of the microwave chamber and tightly combines the evaporator copper tube with the carrier plate, and can uniformly and stably prepare the ice layer required for testing in an environment of -20°C and below. Compared with most existing methods that are only around 0°C or require an additional refrigeration process, this wide-temperature-range refrigeration method can continuously maintain a low-temperature environment during the experiment. The effect is that it can simulate more severe icing conditions, ensure the repeatability of different ice layer thicknesses or icing speeds, and thus obtain more real de-icing data in a variety of extremely cold application scenarios.

[0038] This solution uses a servo motor and a ball screw to form a mechanical loading module, enabling real-time measurement of the interfacial adhesion force while microwave irradiation is in progress. Compared with the existing research that generally measures the tensile or shear adhesion force separately before and after microwave irradiation, this synchronous force measurement method can capture the attenuation law of the interfacial strength during the heating process. The effect is to obtain a more complete adhesion force evolution curve, significantly improve the accuracy of de-icing mechanism analysis, and provide timely feedback for optimizing microwave energy distribution and interfacial material selection.

[0039] This solution arranges sensors inside the ice layer or near the interface and combines synchronous data acquisition technology to achieve high-time-resolution monitoring of the temperature field and mechanical field. Compared with the traditional method of only using an infrared thermal imager to monitor the surface temperature of the ice layer, this multi-point sensor fusion greatly improves the understanding of the temperature distribution inside the ice layer and in the interface area. The effect is to significantly reduce the temperature measurement error and timing misalignment problems during the test, enabling the impact of microwave energy coupling on the ice phase change and interface softening processes to be refined and quantified.

[0040] In terms of the control strategy, this solution adopts a dynamic adjustment algorithm that combines feedforward prediction and feedback correction, and performs iterative optimization through an energy efficiency evaluation model, multi-field coupling equations, and real-time sensor data. Compared with the existing practice that mainly relies on manual operation or simple timing control, this adaptive algorithm can more accurately allocate microwave power and instantaneously adjust the mechanical loading parameters. The effect is that it can avoid overheating the substrate or coating material and effectively weaken the ice adhesion force in the shortest time, thus taking into account both the de-icing efficiency and energy utilization rate.

[0041] It can be applied to dynamic monitoring and research work in multi-physical-field coupling de-icing scenarios such as aviation, transportation, and new energy. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-field coupling microwave de-icing intelligent system.

[0043] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of

[0044] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 a side view of

[0045] Among them, 1 represents the microwave box body, 2 represents the stirrer, 3 represents the temperature sensor, 4 represents the transparent observation window, and 5 represents the mechanical loading module. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0046] To make the advantages and beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the present invention more clearly demonstrated, the technical solution provided by the present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specifically:

[0047] Embodiment 1. The technical solution provided in this embodiment lies in:

[0048] A multi-field coupling microwave de-icing intelligent system, the system includes:

[0049] A microwave box body 1, the microwave box body 1 is a metal sealed cavity, with a waveguide interface provided at its top and a stirrer 2 installed inside;

[0050] A refrigeration system, wherein the evaporator copper tube array of the refrigeration system is connected to the back of the bearing plate of the microwave chamber 1;

[0051] A mechanical loading module 5, which includes a servo motor, a ball screw, and a thrust sensor, and the end indenter thereof passes through the side of the microwave chamber 1 and applies a thrust to the ice layer;

[0052] Wherein, the microwave chamber 1, the refrigeration system, and the mechanical loading module 5 are fixedly connected by pipelines, flanges, or bolts, so as to realize the construction of a low-temperature icing environment, microwave heating, and real-time mechanical testing on the same platform.

[0053] There is also provided a dynamic regulation method for the energy efficiency of microwave deicing with multi-field coupling, and the method includes:

[0054] A step of collecting temperature data and mechanical data and performing synchronous marking;

[0055] A step of inputting the temperature data and mechanical data after synchronous marking into a feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm to obtain the change trend of the ice layer thickness and comparing it with a set interface temperature threshold or adhesion force threshold;

[0056] A step of generating a microwave power regulation command according to the comparison result, sending it to the microwave source drive control port, and simultaneously dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the stirrer 2;

[0057] A step of fusing the microwave power regulation command and the rotation speed return value of the stirrer 2 with the real-time measurement value at the next preset moment, repeating the comparison operation and correction, and triggering the mechanical loading program when the interface temperature or adhesion force reaches the set standard;

[0058] A step of sending a mechanical loading trigger command, receiving the load and displacement information fed back during the execution process, and using this feedback information as the input for the next round of calculation until it is monitored that the ice layer desorption is completed and finally outputting the deicing result;

[0059] Synchronous marking is performed by attaching a time stamp.

[0060] When calculating the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm, it also includes a step of outputting deviation correction parameters to perform real-time correction on the predicted value of the ice layer thickness.

[0061] It also includes a step of jointly outputting and recording the time stamp and the command content of the microwave power regulation command.

[0062] The mechanical loading trigger command includes acceleration, deceleration, and stop commands.

[0063] Use the feedback information as the input for the next round of calculation of the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm.

[0064] Embodiment 2. This embodiment is a further detailed description of the technical solution provided in Embodiment 1. Specifically:

[0065] Summary of the hardware part

[0066] The multi-physical-field-coupled microwave de-icing device mainly includes three major parts in its hardware structure: a microwave box 1, a refrigeration system, and a mechanical loading module 5. The microwave box 1 is a metal sealed cavity, with an adjustable waveguide interface and a stirrer 2 installed on the top, which are used to generate and evenly distribute the microwave field; the refrigeration system consists of a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator copper tube array, and can reduce the temperature of the carrier plate inside the cavity to -20°C or lower; the mechanical loading module 5 uses a servo motor to drive a ball screw to drive a thrust sensor to realize real-time force application and adhesion force monitoring on the ice layer. Through the coordinated linkage of the three major hardware units, a complete process from ice formation environment construction to microwave heating de-icing and mechanical testing can be realized on the same platform.

[0067] Detailed description of the hardware part

[0068] In this device, the microwave box 1 is made of stainless steel or other high-strength metal materials, and its internal space is set with a suitable volume and shape according to experimental needs. The top of the box is connected to an adjustable waveguide interface through a flange structure, and the microwave source is installed outside the waveguide and emits electromagnetic waves into the box through this interface. The inner wall of the box can be configured with metal reflector plates according to design requirements, and the surface is moderately polished or plated to improve the microwave reflectivity and cooperate with the stirrer 2 to optimize the field distribution. The stirrer 2 usually adopts a rotating paddle structure with several blades, is installed in the top area of the cavity, and is driven by a small-power motor to continuously stir the electromagnetic field at a certain speed, so as to form a more uniform microwave field distribution in the box. An observation window with a high-temperature resistant transparent material (such as quartz glass) is set on the front of the box, which is convenient for researchers to observe and record the experimental process without destroying the airtightness of the cavity.

[0069] The refrigeration system is connected to the bottom of the box or the back of the carrier plate, and its core components are a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator copper tube, etc. The compressor pressurizes the refrigerant and then flows through the condenser for heat dissipation, and then enters the copper tube array (i.e., the evaporator) arranged at the bottom of the box, thereby absorbing heat and keeping the inside of the box at a set low temperature environment. This copper tube array is closely attached to or embedded in the back of the carrier plate, so that the carrier plate can be cooled to -20°C or lower in a short time, which is convenient for quickly preparing homogeneous ice layers of different thicknesses. If low-temperature maintenance or periodic temperature reduction is required, the target temperature range can be maintained by adjusting the start-stop timing of the compressor.

[0070] The key components of the mechanical loading module 5 include a servo motor, a ball screw, and a thrust sensor (or force sensor). After receiving instructions from the host computer or control system, the servo motor drives the ball screw to perform precise linear motion. The other end of the screw is connected to the thrust sensor, and a pressure head is configured at its end (which can be designed into different shapes according to test requirements to achieve push, pull, or shear tests). The thrust sensor is used to measure the magnitude of the loading force in real time and feedback the measurement signal to the data acquisition system. The mechanical loading module 5 can be fixed on the experimental tabletop or the side wall of the box, corresponding to the ice layer position inside the box, so as to apply mechanical loads at any time during the microwave heating process and observe the change of the adhesion force at the ice layer and substrate interface.

[0071] The above three major hardware units are connected by pipelines, flanges, or bolts. When necessary, several temperature sensors 3 (such as thermocouples) and surface-mounted sensors can be installed outside or inside the box to obtain temperature change data at the bearing plate, inside the ice layer, or at the interface. The surface of the experimental table usually adopts a vibration damping or horizontal adjustment structure to ensure the overall stability of the device when applying loads. Through the overall integration and matching debugging of the microwave box 1, the refrigeration system, and the mechanical loading module 5, users can complete the full-process experiment from the construction of a low-temperature icing environment to microwave irradiation heating and real-time mechanical testing on the same platform, providing strong hardware support for the research on the ice layer desorption mechanism under the coupling action of multiple physical fields and the optimization of the de-icing process.

[0072] The method process is as follows:

[0073] The first step: Platform foundation construction (brief description) The purpose of this step is to complete the initial installation and connection of the microwave box 1, the refrigeration system, and the mechanical loading module 5, laying a hardware foundation for subsequent ice layer preparation and microwave de-icing experiments. Output: A comprehensive experimental platform that is assembled and can work stably.

[0074] The first step: Platform foundation construction (detailed description) At the hardware level, first place the microwave box 1 on the experimental tabletop, dock the waveguide interface at the top of the box and install the stirrer 2 device. Subsequently, firmly connect the evaporator copper tube array to the bottom of the box or the back of the bearing plate, and connect the compressor and condenser of the refrigeration system through the copper tube circuit to ensure smooth refrigerant circulation. The mechanical loading module 5 consists of a servo motor, a ball screw, a thrust sensor, etc. After the pressure head at its output end is fixed through the optical flat on the surface of the experimental table, it can enter the inside of the microwave box 1 through the side opening of the box to push the ice layer sample later. The output at this time is a microwave de-icing comprehensive experimental platform that is assembled and preliminarily debugged, and each subsystem (microwave source, refrigeration cycle, mechanical loading) can be powered on separately and achieve basic function operation.

[0075] The second step: Ice layer preparation (brief description) In this step, a uniform ice layer that meets the experimental thickness requirements is prepared in the already built platform.

[0076] Output: A homogeneous ice layer sample with a target thickness is formed on the surface of the carrier plate inside the microwave chamber 1.

[0077] Step 2: Ice layer preparation (detailed description) First, turn on the refrigeration system to circulate the refrigerant through the evaporator copper tube embedded in the back of the carrier plate, and reduce the temperature of the carrier plate to -20 °C (or other low temperature values set as needed) to ensure the formation and maintenance of an ice layer on the surface. After the temperature stabilizes, evenly spray pure water on the surface of the carrier plate, and control the spray flow rate and time to make the ice layer thickness about 1 - 3 cm. A thickness sensor can be installed according to experimental requirements or the thickness can be confirmed by manual measurement. If the experiment needs to study different thicknesses or ice layer material properties, parameters such as the spray water volume and environmental humidity can be repeatedly adjusted. After completion, keep the refrigeration system working to maintain the stable shape of the ice layer during the experimental period, and output the carrier plate with the frozen surface to the next step.

[0078] Step 3: Microwave system calibration (brief description) Under the existing microwave chamber 1 and uniform ice layer conditions, pre-calibrate the output power of the microwave source and the rotation speed of the stirrer 2.

[0079] Output: A microwave heating environment with stable microwave emission ability within a specified power range and a more uniform field distribution in the cavity.

[0080] Step 3: Microwave system calibration (detailed description) Set the rated power of the microwave source to the maximum value (e.g., 1.45 kW) and the minimum value (e.g., 0.1 kW) required by the experiment. During this period, turn on the stirrer 2 and confirm whether the electromagnetic field distribution in each area of the microwave cavity is uniform through the test observation window or the field strength sensor. If the field distribution is uneven, the rotation speed of the stirrer 2 (e.g., 100 - 300 revolutions per minute) can be finely adjusted or the angle of the metal reflection surface inside the cavity can be changed. If the experiment requires a certain fixed power or pulsed power output, the timing and power amplitude can be set in this step, and the field strength fluctuation in the cavity can be observed. After completing this process, ensure that the microwave chamber 1 can output and maintain the required microwave power according to the predetermined parameters during subsequent de-icing, providing a stable and controllable microwave energy input for the next step.

[0081] Step 4: Co - adjustment of the mechanical loading module 5 (brief description) After completing the ice layer preparation and microwave system calibration, set the mechanical loading module 5 so that it can perform push - pressure and adhesion force measurements in real time during microwave heating.

[0082] Output: A programmed mechanical loading procedure that can perform precise thrust or shear tests on the ice layer inside the microwave chamber 1.

[0083] Step 4: Joint Debugging of the Mechanical Loading Module (Detailed Description) Set the thrust measurement range (e.g., 0 - 1 kN or a larger range) and the loading speed (such as 0.1 mm / s to 200 mm / s) according to the experimental purpose. Use a servo motor to drive the ball screw to move the indenter to the ice layer surface in the central area of the bearing plate. If a shear experiment is required, the indenter can be designed as a horizontal sliding fixture. Set the loading program through the teach pendant or the host computer software: for example, first apply a small pre-tightening force uniformly to fit the ice layer surface, and then, after the microwave heating starts, continuously push the ice layer at a specific speed until an interface force mutation or ice layer detachment is found. At this time, the mechanical loading program can output the real-time force value, displacement, and time signals to the multi-field coupling monitoring system in the next step for recording and analysis.

[0084] Step 5: Multi-Field Synchronous Monitoring and Control (Brief Description) After the microwave source is powered on and the mechanical loading starts, use various measurement means such as temperature sensors 3 and force sensors to collect data, and adjust the heating power or loading rate at any time according to the collected results to achieve the closed-loop control of the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling experiment.

[0085] Output: Complete experimental process data, including the temperature field distribution, real-time adhesion force changes, and the corresponding microwave power and loading rate adjustment information.

[0086] Step 5: Multi-Field Synchronous Monitoring and Control (Detailed Description) First, arrange multiple-point temperature sensors 3 (such as thermocouples) inside the ice layer or near the interface and combine them with an infrared thermal imager to monitor the ice layer surface temperature, and set the same sampling frequency and unified time stamp. The force sensor records the change in the force applied by the indenter to the ice layer in real time. When the force value mutates or reaches a preset threshold, the system can send a trigger signal to the microwave source or the servo motor to dynamically adjust the power size or stop loading. If it is necessary to verify the de-icing efficiency at different powers, a power gradient or pulse mode can be set in the control program, and the temperature change and adhesion force attenuation process can be completely recorded according to the time series. Through an algorithm that combines feed-forward prediction and feedback correction, using the current ice layer thickness, force value change rate, temperature distribution, etc. as inputs, the microwave power output and load size are updated in real time to maximize the de-icing efficiency and reduce energy waste. All the above monitoring data and control instructions are integrated and output under the same time sequence reference, providing a basis for the analysis in the next stage or further experimental verification.

[0087] In summary, through the above five consecutive steps, from the initial construction of the platform to the preparation of the ice layer, then to the calibration of the microwave system and the joint debugging of the mechanical loading, finally, the microwave de-icing experiment is completed under multi-field synchronous monitoring and closed-loop control, forming a complete set of test methods for multi-physical-field coupling microwave de-icing. The obtained data can be used to evaluate the microwave de-icing efficiency, the attenuation characteristics of the interfacial adhesion force, and the evolution law of thermodynamic parameters, providing a high-confidence experimental basis for the optimization of de-icing processes in aviation, transportation, new energy, and extremely cold working conditions.

[0088] Embodiment 3, combined with Figure 1 To illustrate this embodiment, this embodiment further describes the above-provided technical solution in detail through specific examples, specifically:

[0089] In terms of hardware:

[0090] 1. Composition: The microwave de-icing platform consists of three parts, the microwave box area 1, the refrigeration area, and the mechanical loading area.

[0091] 2. Shape: Microwave box 1: A sealed stainless-steel cube with a waveguide interface and a stirrer 2 device on the top, and a transparent observation window 4 configured on the front of the box. Refrigeration system: The evaporator copper tube array is embedded in the back of the bearing plate of the microwave box 1, the condenser and the compressor are linked, and the temperature at the bottom of the box can be reduced to -20°C at the lowest. Mechanical loading module 5: The thrust gauge is equipped with a servo motor and a ball screw drive mechanism, and a quartz loading indenter is equipped at the end of the thrust gauge.

[0092] 3. Connection relationship

[0093] (1) Microwave box 1 and the refrigeration system: The evaporator copper tubes are welded to the bearing plate, and the refrigerant circulation channel is connected to the compressor through copper tubes.

[0094] (2) Mechanical loading module 5 and the box: The servo electric cylinder is fixed on the surface of the experimental table through an optical flat, and the indenter passes through the side of the box and aligns with the center of the ice layer.

[0095] 4. Transmission relationship

[0096] Mechanical loading: The servo motor drives the ball screw → the indenter moves linearly (the speed is adjustable from 0.1 to 200 mm / s).

[0097] 5. Working principle

[0098] (1) Ice layer preparation stage: The refrigeration system is started, and the evaporator copper tubes cool the surface of the coating on the bearing plate to the set temperature (such as -20°C), and pure water is sprayed on the surface of the coating to form a homogeneous ice layer (thickness 1 - 3 cm).

[0099] (2) Microwave de-icing stage: The microwave source emits adjustable power (0.1 - 1.45 kW), and the stirrer 2 rotates at 200 rpm to ensure uniform distribution of the microwave field. The coating absorbs microwave energy, and the internal dielectric loss heat causes the temperature gradient to rise. The thermocouple monitors the internal temperature of the coating in real time.

[0100] (3) Mechanical loading and desorption monitoring: The indenter pushes the ice layer at a rate of 1 mm / s, and synchronously records the mutation points of the desorption force and the temperature change curve.

[0101] 6. Key technologies

[0102] Multi-physical field coupling control technology: The real-time linkage of microwave power, refrigeration temperature, and mechanical loading parameters breaks through the limitation of single physical field research and realizes the dynamic collaborative simulation of electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical fields.

[0103] In terms of algorithms:

[0104] 1. System architecture and workflow

[0105] (1) System architecture

[0106] The system is based on a closed-loop control logic of multi-modal perception-dynamic optimization-precise execution. By real-time fusing environmental parameters and material property data, it dynamically adjusts the microwave energy input and mechanical desorption actions to achieve high-efficiency de-icing. The core architecture is divided into three levels:

[0107] Environmental perception layer: Real-time collect the ice layer thickness (h), acting area (A), interface temperature field (T), and environmental temperature (T amb ) through multiple sensors;

[0108] Dynamic optimization layer: Use the energy efficiency evaluation model and multi-field coupling equations to calculate the optimal microwave power (P in ) and irradiation time (t), calibrated based on the dielectric properties of the material;

[0109] Execution feedback layer: Execute instructions through a programmable microwave generator and a mechanical peeling module, and real-time monitor the energy conversion efficiency (η) and desorption status to form a closed-loop correction.

[0110] (2) System data flow and signal interaction

[0111] a. Perception layer → Optimization layer: The millimeter-wave radar (such as 77GHz FMCW radar) uploads the two-dimensional distribution map of the ice thickness h at a refresh rate of 10 Hz, and the infrared thermal imager (accuracy ±0.5 °C) transmits the spatio-temporal matrix data of the temperature field T through optical fiber.

[0112] b. Optimization layer → Execution layer: Send the microwave power instruction (resolution ±10 W) and the trajectory parameters of the mechanical thrust rod through the EtherCAT bus, and synchronously transmit the frequency locking signal.

[0113] c. Feedback closed-loop: The energy efficiency evaluation is performed every 50 ms, and when η deviates from the set value by ±5%, parameter re-optimization is triggered.

[0114] 2. Principle

[0115] (1) Energy efficiency evaluation and dynamic regulation

[0116] The energy conversion efficiency (η) of the system is jointly determined by the microwave energy conversion rate (α) of the material and the ice layer geometric parameters (A, h):

[0117] η = α(T)·e -βt ·φ(A, h)

[0118] Where:

[0119] α(T): Microwave energy conversion rate of the material

[0120] A: Effective action area of the ice layer (m 2 )

[0121] h: Ice layer thickness (mm)

[0122] β: Heat loss coefficient

[0123] t: Microwave irradiation time (s)

[0124] (2) Multi-field coupling and critical threshold

[0125] The system controls the desorption process based on the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical three-field coupling mechanism:

[0126] a. Electromagnetic-thermal coupling equation:

[0127]

[0128] δ(z): Dirac function at the interface, characterizing the energy deposition at the ice-substrate interface

[0129] k: Equivalent thermal conductivity of the ice layer (related to temperature T)

[0130] ρ: Ice layer density

[0131] c p : Specific heat capacity of ice

[0132] P in : Microwave input power density k

[0133] b. Thermal-mechanical coupling equation:

[0134]

[0135] λ: Adhesion force attenuation coefficient (calibrated through freeze-thaw cycle experiments)

[0136] F0: Initial adhesion force

[0137] T0: Initial temperature

[0138] T melt : Critical temperature for ice layer melting

[0139] τ: Integral time variable

[0140] c. Desorption trigger condition: When the interfacial adhesion force (F ad ) decays to the critical value, trigger the mechanical peeling module.

[0141] 3. Control strategy

[0142] (1) Feedforward-feedback composite control

[0143] The system adopts a composite control strategy of feedforward prediction + feedback correction to dynamically adjust the microwave power P in (t), and its calculation expression is:

[0144]

[0145] Where:

[0146] Basic term According to the non-linear change of the real-time ice layer thickness h(t) relative to the initial thickness h0, predict the power demand. When the ice thickness increases, exponentially amplify the power to compensate for the heat conduction loss.

[0147] Dynamic term By accumulating the deviation (ΔT = T set -T) between the actual interfacial temperature T(τ) and the target temperature T set , eliminate the steady-state error. When the interface heating lags, continuously increase the power output.

[0148] Sensitive term Capture the instantaneous change rate of the ice layer area A(t) (such as the sudden decrease in area caused by mechanical peeling), and quickly respond to sudden working conditions. When the ice layer accelerates to fall off, reduce the power to avoid energy waste.

[0149] Intelligent parameter tuning: The control coefficients K p , K i , K d are dynamically generated by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network:

[0150] [K p , K i , K d = MLP(h, A, T amb , α)

[0151] The neural network is trained with historical experimental data to establish the mapping relationship between the operating condition characteristics and the control parameters, realizing adaptive parameter adjustment.

[0152] (2) Dynamically optimize the objective function

[0153] On the premise of meeting the desorption performance, minimize the total system energy consumption and time cost. The objective function is:

[0154]

[0155] ω1, ω2: Manually set weight coefficients (usually take ω1 = 0.6, ω2 = 0.4)

[0156] P max : Maximum allowable power of the microwave source (1.5 kW)

[0157] t max : Maximum allowable time for the task (30 seconds limited for the de-icing scenario)

[0158] Constraint conditions:

[0159]

[0160] F ad : Real-time adhesion force of the ice layer

[0161] F critical : Critical adhesion force threshold

[0162] η min : Minimum energy conversion efficiency

[0163] T interface : Ice layer - substrate interface temperature

[0164] T max : Maximum temperature tolerance of the material

[0165] Adhesion force constraint: When the interface adhesion force drops to the critical value (30% of the product of the ice layer strength and the square root of the acting area), ensure that mechanical peeling can be safely triggered.

[0166] Energy efficiency constraint: Ensure that the system energy conversion efficiency is not less than 35% to avoid energy waste caused by inefficient operation.

[0167] Temperature safety constraint: Limit the maximum interface temperature to prevent the base material (such as composite skin) from undergoing thermal deformation or damage due to overheating.

[0168] (3) Optimization execution process:

[0169] a. Parameter space search: Generate a set of feasible solutions that meet the constraints on the two-dimensional power - time plane.

[0170] b. Pareto Front Screening: An improved NSGA-II algorithm is used to extract the optimal solutions with balanced energy consumption and time from the feasible solutions.

[0171] c. Real-time Matching: Through the interpolation algorithm, the current operating condition parameters (h, A, T amb , α) are mapped to the optimal control points.

[0172] (4) Improved NSGA-II Algorithm

[0173] Aiming at the deficiencies of traditional multi-objective optimization algorithms in the scenarios of multi-constraints, non-linearity, and real-time nature of the de-icing system, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to achieve three major core technical breakthroughs:

[0174] a. Hierarchical Constraint Handling Mechanism (HLCH): The ice layer interface temperature, system energy efficiency, and adhesion force threshold are processed hierarchically according to the physical priority of hardware safety - energy consumption threshold - peeling trigger. A three-level strategy of hard filtering - gradient repair - dynamic penalty is adopted to improve the efficiency of constraint conflict resolution on the premise of ensuring zero hardware damage;

[0175] b. Knowledge-guided Evolution Strategy: A generative adversarial network (GAN) is constructed based on the historical operating condition database to pre-generate a high-quality initial population, and a physical coupling variable weight crossover operator is designed to improve the algorithm convergence speed and the global search efficiency is better than traditional random initialization;

[0176] c. Dynamic Compression Pareto Front (DCPF): The multi-dimensional parameter space is mapped to the two-dimensional plane of energy consumption - time through quantum generation coding (QGE). The core equation Combined with the historical optimal quantum state (HQ i ), x: two-dimensional mapping point (energy consumption - time coordinates), to achieve the collapse of the solution set dimension, improve the real-time operating condition matching speed, and enhance the uniformity of the solution set distribution.

[0177] The above further describes the technical solutions provided by the present invention in several specific implementation manners to highlight the advantages and beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided by the present invention. However, the above several specific implementation manners are not used as a limitation to the present invention. Any reasonable modifications and improvements to the present invention, combinations of implementation manners, and equivalent replacements within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-field coupling intelligent microwave de-icing system, characterized in that, The system includes: A microwave chamber, which is a metal sealed chamber with a waveguide interface provided at its top and a stirrer installed inside; A refrigeration system, the evaporator copper tube array of which is connected to the back of the bearing plate of the microwave chamber; A mechanical loading module, which includes a servo motor, a ball screw and a thrust sensor, and the end indenter of which passes through the side of the microwave chamber and applies a thrust to the ice layer; Wherein, the microwave chamber, the refrigeration system and the mechanical loading module are fixedly connected through pipelines and flanges or bolts to realize the construction of a low-temperature icing environment, microwave heating and real-time mechanical testing on the same platform.

2. A dynamic regulation method for the energy efficiency of microwave de-icing with multi-field coupling, characterized in that The method includes: The step of collecting temperature data and mechanical data and performing synchronous marking; The step of inputting the synchronously marked temperature data and mechanical data into a feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm to obtain the change trend of the ice layer thickness and compare it with a set interface temperature threshold or adhesion force threshold; The step of generating a microwave power adjustment instruction according to the comparison result and sending it to the microwave source drive control port, and at the same time dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the stirrer; The step of fusing the microwave power adjustment instruction and the stirrer rotation speed return value with the real-time measurement value at the next preset moment, repeating the comparison operation and correction until the interface temperature or adhesion force reaches the set standard, and then triggering the mechanical loading program; The step of sending a mechanical loading trigger instruction, receiving the load and displacement information fed back during the execution process, and then using this feedback information as the input for the next round of calculation until it is monitored that the ice layer desorption is completed and finally outputting the de-icing result.

3. A dynamic regulation method for the energy efficiency of multi-field coupled microwave de-icing according to claim 2, characterized in that Synchronous marking is performed by adding a time stamp.

4. A dynamic regulation method for the energy efficiency of multi-field coupled microwave de-icing according to claim 2, characterized in that When calculating the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm, it also includes the step of outputting a deviation correction parameter to perform real-time correction on the predicted value of the ice layer thickness.

5. A dynamic regulation method for the energy efficiency of multi-field coupled microwave de-icing according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes the step of jointly outputting and recording the time stamp and the instruction content of the microwave power adjustment instruction.

6. A dynamic regulation method for microwave de-icing energy efficiency with multi-field coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that The mechanical loading trigger instruction includes acceleration, deceleration and stop instructions.

7. A dynamic regulation method for microwave de-icing energy efficiency with multi-field coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feedback information is used as the input for the next round of calculation of the feedforward-feedback composite control algorithm.

8. A computer storage medium for storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is read by a computer, the computer executes the method described in claim 2.

9. A computer, comprising a processor and a storage medium, characterized in that, When the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the method described in claim 2.

10. A computer program product, as a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, the method described in claim 2 is implemented.

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