Formula and preparation method of Amaranthus hypochondriacus powder microbial fermentation feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, and discloses a formula and a preparation method of an amaranthus hypochondriacus and moso bamboo powder microbial fermentation feed, and the materials comprise amaranthus hypochondriacus straw, moso bamboo powder, corn flour, a mineral premix, salt and a microbial fermentation agent. After fermentation, the content of crude fibers is obviously reduced, the content of crude proteins is increased, the effect is optimal according to the proportion of the amaranthus hypochondriacus straws to the moso bamboo powder (5: 5), lignin in the moso bamboo powder is partially degraded, polysaccharide substances are released, the palatability of the feed is improved, the pH value of the amaranthus hypochondriacus straws to the moso bamboo powder (5: 5) in the optimal fermentation group is reduced to 4.2, the content of lactic acid reaches 2.3 g / kg, the total amount of VFA is increased, and the reproduction of harmful bacteria is inhibited; the reasonable proportion of the amaranthus hypochondriacus and the moso bamboo powder can balance carbon and nitrogen sources and promote synergistic fermentation of microorganisms, degradation of crude fibers in the fermentation process is related to acid production of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase secretion of bacillus, and the fermented feed can be used as a coarse feed substitute for ruminants or used in pig feed to improve intestinal health.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, and specifically to a formula and preparation method of a microbial fermentation feed from amaranth and bamboo powder. Background Art

[0002] As a crop, amaranth will generate a large amount of waste during the planting process, such as straw, leaves, etc. If these wastes are directly discarded, it will not only cause waste of resources, but also may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, converting these wastes into valuable feed resources has important economic and environmental significance. As a fast-growing bamboo plant, a large amount of waste will also be generated during the cutting and processing of bamboo, such as bamboo chips, bamboo leaves, etc. These wastes are also rich in nutrients and are suitable for feed production. Amaranth is rich in protein and crude fiber, and bamboo powder contains natural plant polysaccharides and lignin. However, when used directly as feed, their digestibility is low. Microbial fermentation can degrade crude fiber through strains and produce beneficial metabolites, improving the nutritional value of feed. To explore the best process for the mixed fermentation of amaranth and bamboo powder, analyze the changes in nutrient components before and after fermentation, and evaluate its application potential as livestock and poultry feed, the present application now proposes a formula and preparation method of a microbial fermentation feed from amaranth and bamboo powder. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a formula and preparation method of a microbial fermentation feed from amaranth and bamboo powder, which has the advantages of promoting the synergistic fermentation of microorganisms, improving intestinal health when used in pig and poultry feeds, and enhancing the nutritional value of feed, and solves the problems of unreasonable utilization of agricultural waste resources, inability to effectively convert and improve the utilization of agricultural waste resources.

[0004] (II) Technical Solutions To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A formula of a microbial fermentation feed from amaranth and bamboo powder, the formula of the fermentation feed includes raw materials, strains and auxiliary materials. The strains include a compound bacterium agent of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis. The viable count of the compound bacterium agent is ≥ 1×10CFU / g. The raw materials include the following materials in parts by mass: Amaranth straw: 300 - 700 parts; Bamboo powder: 300 - 700 parts; Corn flour: 500 - 700 parts; Mineral premix: 16 - 32 parts Table salt: 5 - 8 parts; Microbial fermentation agent: 2 - 3 parts; The microbial ferment contains a mixture of yeast + lactic acid bacteria + Bacillus subtilis, and the auxiliary material contains brown sugar water.

[0005] Preferably, the thousand-ear millet straw is crushed to 3 - 5 mm to improve digestibility. After crushing, it serves as the fermentation substrate. The bamboo powder provides the main energy source, the corn flour improves the feed structure and enhances intestinal function, the mineral premix supplements essential elements such as calcium and phosphorus, and the salt regulates the electrolyte balance.

[0006] Preferably, a preparation method for the formula of a thousand-ear millet bamboo powder microbial fermented feed is as follows: S1. Prepare raw materials: Prepare different mass portions of thousand-ear millet straw, bamboo powder, corn flour, mineral premix, salt, and microbial ferment according to requirements. S2. Pretreat the raw materials: Treat the thousand-ear millet straw and activate the bamboo powder. S3. Start fermentation: Activate the compound bacterium agent and then conduct layered mixing to obtain a mixed material. S4. Fermentation management: Conduct anaerobic fermentation on the fermented mixed material, and conduct after-ripening treatment after the anaerobic fermentation ends. S5. Drying, granulating and packaging: Dry the crude feed obtained in step S4, and then conduct granulating and packaging after drying.

[0007] Preferably, for the treatment of the thousand-ear millet straw, it needs to be dried until the moisture content ≤ 13%, then crushed to a particle size of 3 - 5 mm, screened to remove impurities, and then weighed 300 - 700 parts by mass for standby. For the activation of the bamboo powder, 300 - 700 parts of bamboo powder are premixed with 1% brown sugar water at 50°C in a ratio of 1:0.3, and left standing for 2 hours to enhance the porosity. 500 - 700 parts of the corn flour are dry-mixed evenly with 16 - 32 parts of the mineral premix and 5 - 8 parts of salt; Crushing of the thousand-ear millet straw and bamboo powder: Crush the thousand-ear millet straw and bamboo powder to appropriate particle sizes respectively to ensure that the raw materials can be fully mixed and fermented, and mix the thousand-ear millet straw powder, bamboo powder, corn flour, mineral premix, and salt evenly according to the formula ratio to form a basic feed mixture.

[0008] Preferably, in the fermentation start-up stage, first activate the compound bacterium agent. Take 2 - 3 parts (containing yeast + lactic acid bacteria + Bacillus subtilis) of the microbial ferment, mix it with 35°C brown sugar water in a ratio of 1:1:100, and conduct constant-temperature activation for 30 minutes, and then conduct layered mixing.

[0009] Preferably, the specific steps of the layered mixing are as follows: Step 1: Lay the thousand-ear millet straw powder at the bottom layer. Step 2: Sprinkle the mixture of bamboo powder and corn flour in the middle layer. Step 3: Evenly spray the activated bacterium liquid on the upper layer. Step 4: Repeat layering until the raw materials are exhausted; Step 5: Control the final moisture content at 50 - 55%.

[0010] Preferably, for the fermentation management, for anaerobic fermentation, load the material to be fermented into a sealed bag / fermentation tank, compact it to remove air, and ferment it in an environment of 25 - 30 °C for 5 - 7 days. Monitor the pH value daily. Terminate when pH ≤ 4.2 and the aroma of wine is emitted. For the post-ripening treatment, after opening the fermented material, add 0.1% antioxidant, spread it out to dry until the moisture content ≤ 15% and then package it. The antioxidant used is ethoxyquinoline. During fermentation, it is necessary to turn the pile regularly to ensure uniform oxygen distribution, and at the same time monitor the fermentation temperature and humidity to avoid abnormal increase or decrease. When the feed mixture emits an acid fragrance and has a uniform color and soft texture, it indicates that the fermentation is complete.

[0011] Preferably, for the drying and granulation, dry the fermented feed with steam until the moisture content is 10% - 15% to ensure easy storage and transportation of the feed. Make the dried feed into granular form, and finally conduct inspection and packaging. Conduct quality inspection on the prepared granular feed. After passing the inspection, package it, and mark the information of production date and shelf life on the packaging bag. When granulating, select different granulators according to the required particle size for preparation.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a formula and a preparation method of a microbial fermented feed from Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder, having the following beneficial effects: 1. For the formula and the preparation method of the microbial fermented feed from Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder, the crude fiber content is significantly reduced after fermentation, and the crude protein content is increased. The ratio group of Amaranthus hypochondriacus straw: Phyllostachys pubescens powder (5:5) has the best effect. The lignin in the Phyllostachys pubescens powder is partially degraded, releasing polysaccharide substances, improving the palatability of the feed. The pH value of the best fermentation group of Amaranthus hypochondriacus straw: Phyllostachys pubescens powder (5:5) drops to 4.2, the lactic acid content reaches 2.3 g / kg, and the total amount of VFA increases, inhibiting the reproduction of harmful bacteria.

[0013] 2. For the formula and the preparation method of the microbial fermented feed from Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder, the reasonable ratio of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder can balance the carbon and nitrogen sources, promote the synergistic fermentation of microorganisms. The degradation of crude fiber during fermentation is related to the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and the secretion of cellulase by Bacillus. This fermented feed can be used as a substitute for roughage for ruminants or be used in pig and poultry feeds to improve intestinal health.

[0014] 3. The formula and preparation method of the microbial fermented feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder. The provided formula and preparation process of the microbial fermented feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder have the advantages of wide raw material sources, high nutritional value, easy storage and transportation, etc. Through reasonable raw material ratio, strain selection and fermentation condition control, an efficient and environmentally friendly animal feed can be prepared to meet the requirements of modern aquaculture for feed quality and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the fermented feed of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for preparing the formula of the microbial fermented feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder as Figure 1 shown. Specifically, it includes raw materials, strains and auxiliary materials. The changes in various indexes of the fermented feed under different ratios are shown in Table 1.

[0018] Example 1: S1. Prepare the following materials: Amaranthus hypochondriacus straw: 700 parts; Phyllostachys pubescens powder: 300 parts; Corn flour: 600 parts; Mineral premix: 24 parts Table salt: 6.5 parts; Microbial fermenting agent: 2.5 parts.

[0019] S2. Pretreat the raw materials: Treat the Amaranthus hypochondriacus straw and activate the Phyllostachys pubescens powder; S3. Start fermentation: Activate the compound bacterial agent and then mix it in layers to obtain a mixed material; S4. Fermentation management: Conduct anaerobic fermentation on the fermented mixed material, and conduct after-ripening treatment after the anaerobic fermentation ends; S5. Detect the conventional nutrients in the prepared roughage: crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, and fermentation quality: pH value, lactic acid, volatile fatty acid (VFA) content.

[0020] Example 2: S1. Prepare the following materials: Amaranthus hypochondriacus straw: 500 parts; Moso bamboo powder: 500 parts; Corn flour: 600 parts; Mineral premix: 24 parts Table salt: 6.5 parts; Microbial fermenting agent: 2.5 parts.

[0021] S2. Pretreatment of raw materials: Treat the thousand-ear millet straw and activate the moso bamboo powder; S3. Fermentation start: Activate the compound bacterium agent and then carry out layered mixing to obtain a mixed material; S4. Fermentation management: Carry out anaerobic fermentation on the fermented mixed material, and carry out after-ripening treatment after the anaerobic fermentation ends; S5. Detect the conventional nutrients in the prepared roughage: crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash content and fermentation quality: pH value, lactic acid, volatile fatty acid (VFA) content.

[0022] Example 3: S1. Prepare the following materials: Thousand-ear millet straw: 300 parts; Moso bamboo powder: 700 parts; Corn flour: 600 parts; Mineral premix: 24 parts Table salt: 6.5 parts; Microbial fermenting agent: 2.5 parts.

[0023] S2. Pretreatment of raw materials: Treat the thousand-ear millet straw and activate the moso bamboo powder; S3. Fermentation start: Activate the compound bacterium agent and then carry out layered mixing to obtain a mixed material; S4. Fermentation management: Carry out anaerobic fermentation on the fermented mixed material, and carry out after-ripening treatment after the anaerobic fermentation ends; S5. Detect the conventional nutrients in the prepared roughage: crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash content and fermentation quality: pH value, lactic acid, volatile fatty acid (VFA) content.

[0024] Experimental conclusion: After fermentation, the crude fiber content is significantly reduced, and the crude protein content is increased. The group with the ratio of thousand-ear millet straw: moso bamboo powder (5:5) has the best effect. The lignin in the moso bamboo powder is partially degraded, releasing polysaccharide substances, improving the palatability of the feed. The pH value of the best fermentation group of thousand-ear millet straw: moso bamboo powder (5:5) drops to 4.2, the lactic acid content reaches 2.3 g / kg, the total amount of VFA increases, and the reproduction of harmful bacteria is inhibited; The reasonable ratio of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys edulis powder can balance the carbon and nitrogen sources, promote the co-fermentation of microorganisms. The degradation of crude fiber during the fermentation process is related to the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and the secretion of cellulase by Bacillus. This fermented feed can be used as a substitute for roughage for ruminants or can be used in pig and poultry feeds to improve intestinal health.

[0025] Table 1

[0026] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A formula for a microbial fermented feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder, including that the formula of the fermented feed contains raw materials, strains and auxiliary materials, and is characterized in that: The strain contains a compound bacterium agent of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis. The viable count of the compound bacterium agent is ≥ 1×10 CFU / g. The raw materials contain the following materials in parts by mass: Amaranth straw: 300 - 700 parts; Moso bamboo powder: 300 - 700 parts; Corn flour: 500 - 700 parts; Mineral premix: 16 - 32 parts Table salt: 5 - 8 parts; Microbial fermenting agent: 2 - 3 parts; The microbial fermenting agent contains a mixture of yeast + lactic acid bacteria + Bacillus subtilis, and the auxiliary material contains brown sugar water.

2. The formulation of a microbial fermented feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amaranth straw is crushed to 3 - 5 mm to improve digestibility. After crushing, it serves as a fermentation substrate. The moso bamboo powder provides the main energy source. The corn flour improves the feed structure and enhances intestinal function. The mineral premix supplements essential elements such as calcium and phosphorus. The table salt regulates the electrolyte balance.

3. A preparation method of the formula for a microbial fermentation feed of amaranth and bamboo powder, characterized in that: Including the formula of an amaranth moso bamboo powder microbial fermented feed described in claims 1 - 2, the specific steps are as follows: S1. Prepare raw materials: Prepare different parts by mass of amaranth straw, moso bamboo powder, corn flour, mineral premix, table salt, and microbial fermenting agent as needed; S2. Pretreatment of raw materials: Treat the amaranth straw and activate the moso bamboo powder; S3. Fermentation start: Activate the compound bacterium agent and then perform layered mixing to obtain a mixed material; S4. Fermentation management: Perform anaerobic fermentation on the fermented mixed material, and perform after - ripening treatment after anaerobic fermentation ends; S5. Drying, granulation, and packaging: Dry the crude feed obtained in step S4, and perform granulation and packaging after drying.

4. The preparation method of the formula of the microbial fermentation feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: For the treatment of the amaranth straw, it needs to be dried until the moisture content ≤ 13%, then crushed to a particle size of 3 - 5 mm, screened to remove impurities, and then weighed 300 - 700 parts by mass for standby. For the activation of the moso bamboo powder, 300 - 700 parts of moso bamboo powder are premixed with 1% brown sugar water at 50°C in a ratio of 1:0.3, and left standing for 2 hours to enhance the porosity. Mix 500 - 700 parts of the corn flour, 16 - 32 parts of the mineral premix, and 5 - 8 parts of table salt evenly in dry state.

5. The preparation method of the formula of the microbial fermentation feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the fermentation start stage, first activate the compound bacterium agent. Take 2 - 3 parts of the microbial fermenting agent (containing yeast + lactic acid bacteria + Bacillus subtilis), mix it with 35°C brown sugar water in a ratio of 1:1:100, and perform constant - temperature activation for 30 minutes, and then perform layered mixing.

6. The preparation method of the formula of the microbial fermentation feed of amaranth and bamboo powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of the layered mixing are as follows: Step 1: Lay amaranth straw powder at the bottom layer; Step 2: Sprinkle the mixture of moso bamboo powder and corn flour in the middle layer; Step 3: Evenly spray the activated bacterial liquid on the upper layer; Step 4: Repeat layering until the raw materials are exhausted; Step 5: Control the final moisture content at 50 - 55%.

7. The preparation method of the formula of the microbial fermentation feed of amaranth and bamboo powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: For the anaerobic fermentation in the fermentation management, load the material to be fermented into a sealed bag / fermentation tank, compact it to remove air, and ferment in an environment of 25 - 30°C for 5 - 7 days. Monitor the pH value daily. Terminate when pH ≤ 4.2 and a wine fragrance is emitted. For the after - ripening treatment, add 0.1% antioxidant after opening the fermented material, spread it out to dry until the moisture content ≤ 15%, and then package it. The antioxidant selected is ethoxyquinoline.

8. The preparation method of the formula of the microbial fermentation feed of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Phyllostachys pubescens powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drying and granulation process dries the fermented feed with steam until the moisture content is between 10% and 15% to ensure easy storage and transportation of the feed. Then the dried feed is made into granules. Finally, inspection and packaging are carried out. The quality of the produced pellet feed is inspected. After passing the inspection, it is packaged, and information such as the production date and shelf life is marked on the packaging bag. When granulating, different granulators are selected for preparation according to the size of the required particles.

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