Anchoring anti-seepage structure for fragmented loose rock slope and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchoring anti-seepage structure for a fragmented loose rock slope. The anchoring anti-seepage structure comprises an anchoring system and an anti-seepage system. The anchoring system comprises a prefabricated anchor pipe, an anchor pipe cavity inner grouting body, a primary grouting body, a branch grouting body, a concrete frame beam and anchor sealing concrete. The anchoring system penetrates through the cataclastic rock mass in the direction perpendicular to the slope surface of the slope and is inserted into the rock soil mass. The grouting body in the anchor pipe cavity and the primary grouting body jointly form a main grouting body; the branch grouting bodies are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the prefabricated anchor pipe, and the branch grouting bodies, the prefabricated anchor pipe and the main grouting body form a main-branch combined reinforcing body. The anti-seepage system comprises anchor bolts, a geotechnical composite drainage net and an anti-seepage geomembrane, the geotechnical composite drainage net covers the anti-seepage geomembrane, and the geotechnical composite drainage net and the anti-seepage geomembrane are bonded to jointly cover the slope surface of the broken loose rock slope; the anchor bolts are arranged on the slope top and the slope toe of the broken loose rock slope and used for fixing the geotechnical impermeable film and the geotechnical composite drainage net. The invention further discloses a corresponding construction method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to an anchoring anti-seepage structure for a fragmented and loose rock slope and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to the complex topography and geology of mountain roads and the intense tectonic movements, the surface rock mass is subject to intense weathering and erosion, often resulting in a fragmented state. Under the combined influence of factors such as earthquakes, heavy rains, and unloading disturbances from construction excavation, the overall slope stability and shallow surface stability are significant factors affecting road operational safety. Therefore, the management of fragmented rock mass has become an unavoidable technical challenge in slope management construction.

[0003] In geotechnical engineering, the use of a spraying, anchoring, and mesh support system for broken rock can help prevent shallow landslides and reinforce rock masses with developed joints and fissures, thereby improving rock mass strength. Anchor pipe grouting fills and reinforces rock joints and fissures within a specific range of the anchor pipe, increasing the rock mass's shear strength and ensuring slope stability. However, anchor pipe grouting suffers from a small reinforcement range and limited support coverage, making it ineffective in reinforcing broken rock mass on rock slopes or improving their anti-seepage properties.

[0004] In actual engineering, most slope reinforcement methods focus on reinforcing the shallow rock mass of the slope and the rock mass perpendicular to the slope surface, but lack the reinforcement of the deeper and larger rock mass of the slope.

[0005] In summary, no effective solution has been proposed so far for the problems existing in the management of broken rock masses in relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to design an anchoring and anti-seepage structure and construction method for fragmented and loose rock slopes to address the defects of the existing technology. The structure can not only improve the integrity and stability of the fragmented and loose rock slopes, effectively reinforce the broken rock mass of the rock slopes, and improve the anti-seepage performance of the broken rock mass of the rock slopes, but also has low construction difficulty and high construction efficiency.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention is to provide an anchoring and anti-seepage structure for a fragmented loose rock slope, which is used to reinforce a fragmented rock mass (2) on a rock slope (1), comprising:

[0008] Anchoring system and anti-seepage system;

[0009] The anchoring system comprises a prefabricated anchor pipe (3), a grouting body in the anchor pipe cavity, a primary grouting body, a branch grouting body (6), a concrete frame beam (7) and an anchor concrete (8); the anchoring system with the prefabricated anchor pipe as the main body is inserted into the rock mass in a direction perpendicular to the slope surface through the broken rock mass;

[0010] The grout body in the anchor pipe cavity and the primary grout body together constitute the main grout body (5); the branch grout bodies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipe, and together with the precast anchor pipe and the main grout body, they form a main-branch combined reinforcement body.

[0011] The precast anchor pipe (3) penetrates through the fractured rock mass (2) and is inserted into the slope body of the rock slope (1). The main grout body (5) is composed of the grout body in the cavity of the precast anchor pipe (3) and the primary grout body outside the wall of the precast anchor pipe (3). The branch grout bodies (6) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipe (3). The concrete frame beam (7) is connected to the precast anchor pipe (3) at the slope surface of the fractured and loose rock slope. The anchor-sealing concrete (8) is externally connected to one side of the concrete frame beam (7). The precast anchor pipe (3) penetrates through the concrete frame beam (7) and is connected to the anchor-sealing concrete (8). The precast anchor pipe (3) is located on the periphery of the guide pipe (19). The side wall of the precast anchor pipe (3) is provided with a drilling hole adapted to the diameter of the drill rod unit body that can rotate at a small angle and the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18). A positioning hole is provided at a position 10 cm from the rear end of the drilling hole on the side wall of the precast anchor pipe (3). A support frame is provided at the edge of the drilling hole on the side wall of the precast anchor pipe (3) to facilitate fixing the precast anchor pipe (3) and protecting the side wall drilling hole.

[0012] The anti-seepage system includes anchor bolts (9), geocomposite drainage nets (11) and anti-seepage geomembranes (10). The geocomposite drainage nets (11) cover the anti-seepage geomembranes (10), and the two are adhesively bonded together and jointly cover the slope surface of the fractured and loose rock slope. The anchor bolts (9) are arranged at the top and bottom of the slope of the fractured and loose rock slope to fix the geotechnical anti-seepage membrane (10) and the geocomposite drainage nets (11).

[0013] Preferably, the branch grout body is a void grout body.

[0014] Preferably, a drilling hole wall (4) is arranged on the outside of the precast anchor pipe (3). The side wall of the precast anchor pipe (3) is provided with an anchor pipe side wall drilling hole (20). A positioning hole (23) is provided at a position 10 cm from the rear end of the anchor pipe side wall drilling hole (20). A support frame (21) is provided at the edge of the anchor pipe side wall drilling hole (20). The precast anchor pipe (3) penetrates through the concrete frame beam (7). The inside of the precast anchor pipe (3) is a guide pipe (19).

[0015] Preferably, the guiding pipe (19) is located outside the drilling driving device (12), the drill pipe (14), the gasket (13), the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18); the front end of the guiding pipe (19) is a bent tubular shape, the middle part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the tail part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe; a positioning piece (22) is provided at the connection between the front end and the middle part of the guiding pipe (19).

[0016] Preferably, the drilling device that can be used for drilling in the lateral rock mass of the prefabricated anchor pipe includes: a drilling driving device (12), a drill pipe (14), a gasket (13), a drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and a three-legged rotary drilling bit (18); the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle includes a head drill pipe unit body (17), a middle drill pipe unit body (16), and a tail drill pipe unit body (15); the connecting ball (24) is clamped between the connecting grooves (25) of the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies to provide the supporting force for the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies; the screw hole (30) is arranged at the front end of the head drill pipe unit body (17); four connecting hooks (27) are arranged at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body (17) along the radial direction, and a hemispherical connecting groove (25) is arranged at the center of the circle at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body (17); four connecting rings (26) are arranged at the front end of the middle drill pipe unit body (16) along the radial direction, four connecting hooks (27) are arranged at the tail end of the middle drill pipe unit body (16) along the radial direction, and hemispherical connecting grooves (25) are arranged at the centers of the circles at the front end and the tail end of the middle drill pipe unit body (16); four connecting rings (26) are arranged at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15) along the radial direction, a hemispherical connecting groove (25) is arranged at the center of the circle at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15), and a screw rod (29) is arranged at the tail end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15); the drilling driving device (12) is connected to the drill pipe (14) through the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped therebetween; the drill pipe (14) and the tail drill pipe unit body (15) are connected through the screw hole (30) and the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped therebetween; the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18) and the head drill pipe unit body (17) are connected through the screw hole (30) and the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped therebetween; the head drill pipe unit body (17), the middle drill pipe unit body (16), and the tail drill pipe unit body (15) are sequentially connected through the connecting rings (26), the connecting hooks (27), and the connecting ball (24). Two adjacent drill pipe unit bodies can rotate relative to each other at a small angle about the diameter where the connecting rings (26), the connecting hooks (27), and the connecting ball (24) are located.

[0017] Preferably, two symmetrically distributed cutting threads (28) are provided on the side wall of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle. The front end of the cutting thread (28) is in the shape of a convex frustum, and the rear end of the cutting thread (28) is in the shape of a concave frustum. The side surfaces of the convex frustum and the concave frustum are smooth curved surfaces. The front end of the three-legged rotary digging bit (18) is three wedge-shaped rotary cutters (31) evenly distributed, and the screw rod (29) is provided at the center of the tail end of the three-legged rotary digging bit (18).

[0018] The second aspect of the present invention lies in providing a construction method for an anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting loose rock slopes based on the first aspect, including the following construction steps:

[0019] S1, Preparation work before construction;

[0020] S2, Implement the construction of the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for the fragmenting loose rock slope;

[0021] S3, Demolish the working platform after completing the construction.

[0022] Preferably, the S1 includes:

[0023] S11, Slope pretreatment, including: one or more of driving anti-slide piles at the bottom of the slope for reinforcement, slope surface trimming, and dangerous rock detection and treatment;

[0024] S12, Reinforcement analysis before construction, including: determining relevant reinforcement parameters according to the specific conditions of the fragmenting loose rock slope. The reinforcement parameters include: the length of the anchor pipe, the inclination angle of the anchor pipe, the layout spacing of the anchor pipes, and the number of lateral grouting body branches of each anchor pipe;

[0025] S13, Build the working platform, including: build the working platform starting from the bottom of the slope, and pay attention to reserving the working space at the position of the preset anchor pipe during the building process; carry out bottom slope reinforcement; after the bottom slope reinforcement work is completed, demolish the low-level working platform and move it to the high level.

[0026] Preferably, the S2 includes:

[0027] S21, Drill holes and insert and fix the precast anchor pipes, including: drill holes suitable for the preset length of the precast anchor pipes based on a traditional drilling machine; insert the precast anchor pipes into the drill holes and fix them, and pay attention not to damage the support frame during the process of inserting the precast anchor pipes;

[0028] S22, Carry out primary grouting, including: pour a cement grouting body between the hole wall and the precast anchor pipes using a primary grouting PVC pipe; the slurry is reverse grouted from the bottom of the hole to the top through the primary grouting pipe to press out the crushed slag and leaked slurry remaining at the bottom of the pipe from the hole opening, and continue until clean cement slurry overflows from the hole opening;

[0029] S23. Tie the steel bars, including: tying the steel bars of the concrete frame beam to connect the steel bars of the concrete frame beam with the anchor pipes.

[0030] S24. Pour the concrete frame beam, including: building the support formwork of the concrete frame beam and pouring the concrete. After the concrete of the frame beam is completely solidified, the concrete frame beam is formed.

[0031] S25. Precast lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipes, including: sequentially performing lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipes from the deep layer to the shallow layer based on the drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the precast anchor pipes.

[0032] S26. Conduct secondary grouting, including: injecting the cement grouting body into the lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipes from the deep layer to the shallow layer by using the secondary grouting PVC pipe. After the lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipes is filled with the cement grouting body, inject the concrete grout from the bottom up into the anchor pipes until the grout overflows from the hole opening.

[0033] S27. Lay the anti-seepage and drainage membrane: cover the geocomposite drainage net on the anti-seepage geomembrane and bond the two to make the anti-seepage and drainage membrane. Cover the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the slope surface and anchor and fix the anti-seepage and drainage membrane at the top and bottom of the slope with anchor bolts. Fix the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the concrete frame beam at the slope surface where the precast anchor pipes are inserted.

[0034] S28. Pour the anchor sealing concrete, including: pouring the anchor sealing concrete on the concrete frame beam where the anti-seepage and drainage membrane is fixed. The anchor sealing concrete is connected with the precast anchor pipes and covers the geocomposite drainage net.

[0035] Preferably, S25 further includes: inserting the guide pipe and docking the positioning piece on the guide pipe with the deep positioning hole of the precast anchor pipe. Insert the drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the precast anchor pipes along the guide pipe and drill the hole. Adjust the insertion depth of the guide pipe to the shallow layer and repeat the above steps to complete the lateral branch drilling of the precast anchor pipes.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the anchoring and anti-seepage structure and construction method of the present invention:

[0037] 1. In the present invention, the drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the anchor pipes can complete drilling on the lateral rock mass of the anchor pipes in a limited space, and then pour the lateral branch grouting body of the anchor pipes. The key component of this device is the drill rod unit body that can rotate at a small angle. The drill rod unit body that can rotate at a small angle is connected by a connecting ring, a connecting hook, and a connecting ball. Two adjacent drill rod unit bodies can rotate relatively at a small angle about the diameter where the connecting ring, the connecting hook, and the connecting ball are located. Multiple drill rod unit bodies are connected in sequence, and the relatively rotatable angles are superimposed, so as to realize the bending of the drill rod and the change of the drilling direction, and further realize the drilling operation on the lateral rock mass of the anchor pipes in a limited space.

[0038] 2. In the present invention, a guiding pipe is provided between the drilling device and the prefabricated anchor pipe. The front end of the guiding pipe is a bent tube, which plays an auxiliary and guiding role in the bending of the drill pipe formed by connecting a plurality of drill pipe unit bodies that can rotate at a small angle; the middle part of the guiding pipe is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the tail part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe. Such a variable-diameter design facilitates the positioning of the drilling device; a positioning piece is provided at the connection between the front end and the middle part of the guiding pipe. By positioning and docking the positioning piece with the positioning hole on the pipe wall of the anchor pipe, the position of the drilling for the anchor pipe to measure the direction of the rock mass is determined.

[0039] 3. In the present invention, the branch grouting body, together with the grouting body in the anchor pipe and the primary grouting body, forms a main branch combined reinforcement body. This combined reinforcement body plays a "grasping" role for the rock slope or fragmented rock mass, thereby improving the integrity of the rock slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the related art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the anchoring of a fragmented and loose rock slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the drilling of a drilling device that can be used for drilling in the direction of the rock mass of the anchor pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 FIG. 21 is a detailed diagram of a drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle and a three-legged rotary drilling bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 4(a) is a flow chart of the construction method of the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for a fragmented and loose rock slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the principle of the flow of the construction method of the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for a fragmented and loose rock slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the preparation work before construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 FIG. 35 is a flow chart of the implementation of the construction based on the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for a fragmented and loose rock slope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the figure: 1 - rock slope, 2 - fractured rock mass, 3 - precast anchor pipe, 4 - borehole wall, 5 - main grouting body, 6 - branch grouting body, 7 - concrete frame beam, 8 - anchor bolt for sealing, 9 - anchor bolt, 10 - anti-seepage geomembrane, 11 - geocomposite drainage net, 12 - borehole driving device, 13 - gasket, 14 - drill pipe, 15 - tail drill pipe unit, 16 - middle drill pipe unit, 17 - head drill pipe unit, 18 - three-legged rotary drilling bit, 19 - guide pipe, 20 - sidewall drill hole of anchor pipe, 21 - support frame, 22 - positioning piece, 23 - positioning hole, 24 - connecting ball, 25 - connecting groove, 26 - connecting ring, 27 - connecting hook, 28 - cutting thread, 29 - screw rod, 30 - screw hole, 31 - wedge-shaped rotary cutter. Detailed implementation manner

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0052] As Figure 1 shown, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide an anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fractured and loose rock slopes, which is used to reinforce the fractured rock mass 2 on the rock slope 1 and includes:

[0053] Anchoring system and anti-seepage system;

[0054] The described anchoring system includes a precast anchor pipe 3, a grouting body inside the anchor pipe, a primary grouting body, a branch grouting body 6, a concrete frame beam 7, and a sealed anchor concrete 8; the anchoring system with the precast anchor pipe as the main body passes through the fractured rock mass in a direction perpendicular to the slope surface and inserts into the rocky soil mass.

[0055] The grouting body inside the anchor pipe and the primary grouting body together constitute the main grouting body 5; the branch grouting bodies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipe, and together with the precast anchor pipe and the main grouting body, they form a main-branch combined reinforcement body.

[0056] The precast anchor pipe 3 penetrates through the fractured rock mass 2 and inserts into the slope body of the rocky slope 1. The main grouting body 5 is composed of the grouting body inside the pipe cavity of the precast anchor pipe 3 and the primary grouting body outside the pipe wall of the precast anchor pipe 3. The branch grouting bodies 6 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipe 3. The concrete frame beam 7 is connected to the precast anchor pipe 3 at the slope surface of the fractured and loose rocky slope; the sealed anchor concrete 8 is externally connected to one side of the concrete frame beam 7; the precast anchor pipe 3 penetrates through the concrete frame beam 7 and is connected to the sealed anchor concrete 8.

[0057] The branch grouting body is a void grouting body.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the anti-seepage system includes anchor bolts 9, a geocomposite drainage net 11, and an anti-seepage geomembrane 10. The geocomposite drainage net 11 covers the anti-seepage geomembrane 10, and the two are adhesively bonded together and jointly cover the slope surface of the fractured and loose rocky slope; the anchor bolts 9 are arranged at the top and bottom of the slope of the fractured and loose rocky slope to fix the geotechnical anti-seepage membrane 10 and the geocomposite drainage net 11.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, as Figures 2 - 3 shown, a drilling hole wall 4 is provided on the outer side of the precast anchor pipe 3. An anchor pipe side wall drilling 20 is provided on the side wall of the precast anchor pipe 3. A positioning hole 23 is provided at a position 10 cm from the rear end of the anchor pipe side wall drilling 20. A support frame 21 is provided at the edge of the anchor pipe side wall drilling 20. The precast anchor pipe 3 penetrates through the concrete frame beam 7; the inner side of the precast anchor pipe 3 is a guide pipe 19.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment, the guide pipe 19 is located outside the drilling driving device 12, the drill pipe 14, the gasket 13, the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the three-legged rotary drilling bit 18; the front end of the guide pipe 19 is a curved tubular shape, the middle part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the tail part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe; a positioning piece 22 is provided at the connection between the front end and the middle part of the guide pipe 19.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, the prefabricated anchor pipe 3 is located outside the guiding pipe 19; the side wall of the prefabricated anchor pipe 3 is provided with a drilling hole adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle and the three-legged rotary digging bit 18; a positioning hole is provided at a position 10 cm from the rear end of the drilling hole on the side wall of the prefabricated anchor pipe 3; a support frame is provided at the edge of the drilling hole on the side wall of the prefabricated anchor pipe 3 to facilitate fixing the prefabricated anchor pipe 3 and protecting the side wall drilling hole.

[0062] See Figure 3 , as a preferred embodiment, the drilling device that can be used for drilling holes in the lateral rock mass of the prefabricated anchor pipe includes: a drilling driving device 12, a drill pipe 14, a gasket 13, a drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and a three-legged rotary digging bit 18; the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle includes a head drill pipe unit body 17, a middle drill pipe unit body 16, and a tail drill pipe unit body 15; the connecting ball 24 is clamped between the connecting grooves 25 of the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies to provide support force for the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies; a screw hole 30 is provided at the front end of the head drill pipe unit body 17; four connecting hooks 27 are provided at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body 17 and are distributed radially, and a hemispherical connecting groove 25 is provided at the center of the circle at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body 17; four connecting rings 26 are provided at the front end of the middle drill pipe unit body 16 and are distributed radially, four connecting hooks 27 are provided at the tail end of the middle drill pipe unit body 16 and are distributed radially, and hemispherical connecting grooves 25 are provided at the centers of the circles at the front end and the tail end of the middle drill pipe unit body 16; four connecting rings 26 are provided at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body 15 and are distributed radially, a hemispherical connecting groove 25 is provided at the center of the circle at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body 15, and a screw rod 29 is provided at the tail end of the tail drill pipe unit body 15; the drilling driving device 12 is connected to the drill pipe 14 through the screw rod 29 and clamps the gasket 13; the drill pipe 14 and the tail drill pipe unit body 15 are connected through the screw hole 30 and the screw rod 29 and clamp the gasket 13; the three-legged rotary digging bit 18 and the head drill pipe unit body 17 are connected through the screw hole 30 and the screw rod 29 and clamp the gasket 13; the head drill pipe unit body 17, the middle drill pipe unit body 16, and the tail drill pipe unit body 15 are sequentially connected through the connecting rings 26, the connecting hooks 27, and the connecting ball 24. Two adjacent drill pipe unit bodies can rotate relative to each other at a small angle about the diameter where the connecting rings 26, the connecting hooks 27, and the connecting ball 24 are located.

[0063] Refer to Figure 3As shown, two symmetrically distributed cutting threads 28 are provided on the side wall of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle. The front end of the cutting thread 28 is in the shape of a convex frustum, and the rear end of the cutting thread 28 is in the shape of a concave frustum. The side surfaces of the convex frustum and the concave frustum are smooth curved surfaces. The front end of the three-legged rotary drilling bit 18 is three wedge-shaped rotary cutters 31 evenly distributed, and a screw rod 29 is provided at the center of the tail end of the three-legged rotary drilling bit 18.

[0064] Referring to FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), the second aspect of the present invention lies in providing a construction method for an anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting loose rock slopes based on the first aspect, including the following construction steps:

[0065] S1, Preparation work before construction;

[0066] Referring to Figure 5 , as a preferred embodiment, the S1 includes:

[0067] S11, Slope pretreatment, including: one or more of driving anti-slide piles at the bottom of the slope for reinforcement, slope surface trimming, and dangerous rock detection and treatment. Of course, those skilled in the art can also think of other slope pretreatment methods, as long as they can reduce the danger during the construction process, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] In this embodiment, the fragmented loose rock slope has loose lithology and poor integrity, and is prone to danger during the construction process. Therefore, pretreatment is required before the start of construction.

[0069] S12, Reinforcement analysis before construction, including: determining relevant reinforcement parameters according to the specific situation of the fragmented loose rock slope, such as: the length of the anchor pipe, the length of the anchor pipe is generally 15-20 m, and the optimal anchor pipe length needs to be determined according to the actual situation of the slope; the inclination angle of the anchor pipe, the angle between the anchor pipe and the horizontal plane is not less than 10° and not more than 35°, and the inclination angle of the anchor pipe needs to be determined according to the actual situation of the slope; the layout spacing of the anchor pipes, the layout spacing of the anchor pipes is generally 5-10 m. In addition to the above considerations, the number of lateral grouting body branches of each anchor pipe also needs to be considered. The number of lateral branch grouting bodies of each anchor pipe is generally 6, and the number can be appropriately increased according to the specific situation of the slope rock mass;

[0070] S13, Building a working platform, including: building the working platform starting from the bottom of the slope, and paying attention to reserving the working space at the position of the preset anchor pipe during the building process; carrying out bottom slope reinforcement; after the bottom slope reinforcement work is completed, removing the lower-layer working platform and moving it to the upper layer.

[0071] S2, Implementing the construction of the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for the fragmented loose rock slope;

[0072] Referring to Figure 6 , as a preferred embodiment, the S2 includes:

[0073] S21, Drilling and inserting and fixing prefabricated anchor pipes, including: drilling a hole with a length adapted to the preset length of the prefabricated anchor pipe based on a traditional drilling machine; inserting the prefabricated anchor pipe into the hole and fixing it, taking care not to damage the support frame during the insertion of the prefabricated anchor pipe;

[0074] S22, Conducting primary grouting, including: pouring a cement grout body between the hole wall and the prefabricated anchor pipe using a primary grouting PVC pipe, and the primary grouting PVC pipe uses a Φ25mm PVC pipe. To ensure that the grout fills the entire void, the primary grouting PVC pipe extends to the bottom of the hole, and the grout is reverse grouted from the bottom up through the primary grouting pipe to press out the residual debris and leakage at the bottom of the pipe from the hole opening, and continue until clean cement grout overflows from the hole opening;

[0075] S23, Binding steel bars, including: binding the steel bars of the concrete frame beam to connect the steel bars of the concrete frame beam with the anchor pipe;

[0076] S24, Pouring the concrete frame beam, including: building the supporting formwork of the concrete frame beam and pouring concrete, and forming the concrete frame beam after the concrete of the frame beam has completely solidified;

[0077] S25, Lateral branch drilling of the prefabricated anchor pipe, including: sequentially conducting lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipe from deep to shallow based on a drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the prefabricated anchor pipe;

[0078] S26, Conducting secondary grouting, including: injecting the cement grout body into the lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipe from deep to shallow using a secondary grouting PVC pipe, and the secondary grouting PVC pipe uses a Φ50mm PVC pipe; after the lateral branch drilling of the anchor pipe is filled with the cement grout body, injecting the concrete grout body from bottom to top into the anchor pipe, and continue until the grout overflows from the hole opening;

[0079] S27, Laying the anti-seepage and drainage membrane: covering the geocomposite drainage net on the anti-seepage geomembrane and bonding the two to make the anti-seepage and drainage membrane; covering the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the slope surface, and anchoring and fixing the anti-seepage and drainage membrane at the top and bottom of the slope with anchor bolts; fixing the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the concrete frame beam at the slope surface where the prefabricated anchor pipe is inserted;

[0080] S28, Pouring the anchor sealing concrete, including: pouring the anchor sealing concrete on the concrete frame beam where the anti-seepage and drainage membrane is fixed, and the anchor sealing concrete is connected with the prefabricated anchor pipe and covers the geocomposite drainage net.

[0081] S3, Demolish the working platform after completing the construction.

[0082] As a preferred embodiment, step S25 further includes: inserting a guiding tube, and docking the positioning piece on the guiding tube with the deep positioning hole of the prefabricated anchor tube; inserting a drilling device for drilling the lateral rock mass of the prefabricated anchor tube along the guiding tube and drilling; adjusting the insertion depth of the guiding tube to the shallow layer and repeating the above steps to complete the lateral branch drilling of the prefabricated anchor tube.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fracturing loose rock slopes, which is used to reinforce the fractured rock mass (2) on the rock slope (1), and is characterized in that, Including: An anchoring system and a seepage prevention system; The anchoring system includes precast anchor pipes (3), grout bodies in the anchor pipe cavities, primary grout bodies, branch grout bodies (6), concrete frame beams (7), and anchor sealing concrete (8); The anchoring system with the precast anchor pipes as the main body penetrates through the fractured rock mass in the direction perpendicular to the slope surface and inserts into the rocky soil body; The grout bodies in the anchor pipe cavities and the primary grout bodies together constitute the main grout body (5); The branch grout bodies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipes, and together with the precast anchor pipes and the main grout body, they form a main-branch combined reinforcement body; The precast anchor pipes (3) penetrate through the fractured rock mass (2) and insert into the slope body of the rocky slope (1). The main grout body (5) is composed of the grout bodies in the cavities of the precast anchor pipes (3) and the primary grout bodies outside the pipe walls of the precast anchor pipes (3). The branch grout bodies (6) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the precast anchor pipes (3). The concrete frame beam (7) is connected to the precast anchor pipes (3) at the slope surface of the fractured and loose rocky slope. The anchor sealing concrete (8) is externally connected to one side of the concrete frame beam (7). The precast anchor pipes (3) penetrate through the concrete frame beam (7) and are connected to the anchor sealing concrete (8). The precast anchor pipes (3) are located outside the guide pipes (19). The side walls of the precast anchor pipes (3) are provided with drill holes adapted to the diameter of the drill rod unit body that can rotate at a small angle and the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18). Positioning holes are provided at a distance of 10 cm from the rear end of the drill holes on the side walls of the precast anchor pipes (3). Support frames are provided at the edges of the drill holes on the side walls of the precast anchor pipes (3) to facilitate fixing the precast anchor pipes (3) and protecting the side wall drill holes; The seepage prevention system includes anchor bolts (9), geocomposite drainage nets (11), and anti-seepage geomembranes (10). The geocomposite drainage nets (11) cover the anti-seepage geomembranes (10), and the two are adhesively bonded together and jointly cover the slope surface of the fractured and loose rocky slope. The anchor bolts (9) are arranged at the top and bottom of the slope of the fractured and loose rocky slope to fix the geotechnical anti-seepage membranes (10) and the geocomposite drainage nets (11).

2. The anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting loose rocky slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch grout bodies are void grout bodies.

3. The anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting loose rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, A drill hole wall (4) is provided on the outside of the precast anchor pipes (3). Anchor pipe side wall drill holes (20) are provided on the side walls of the precast anchor pipes (3). Positioning holes (23) are provided at a distance of 10 cm from the rear end of the anchor pipe side wall drill holes (20). Support frames (21) are provided at the edges of the anchor pipe side wall drill holes (20). The precast anchor pipes (3) penetrate through the concrete frame beam (7). The inside of the precast anchor pipes (3) is a guide pipe (19).

4. An anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting loose rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guiding pipe (19) is located around the drilling driving device (12), drill pipe (14), gasket (13), drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and three - legged rotary drilling bit (18); the front end of the guiding pipe (19) is a bent tubular shape, the middle part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and the tail part is a cylindrical shape adapted to the diameter of the drill pipe; a positioning piece (22) is provided at the connection between the front end and the middle part of the guiding pipe (19).

5. The anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting a loose rocky slope according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drilling device that can be used for drilling holes in the lateral rock mass of prefabricated anchor pipes includes: a drilling driving device (12), a drill pipe (14), a gasket (13), a drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle, and a three - legged rotary drilling bit (18); the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle includes a head drill pipe unit body (17), a middle drill pipe unit body (16), and a tail drill pipe unit body (15); the connecting ball (24) is clamped between the connecting grooves (25) of the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies to provide the supporting force for the front and rear drill pipe unit bodies; the screw hole (30) is arranged at the front end of the head drill pipe unit body (17); four connecting hooks (27) are arranged radially at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body (17), and a hemispherical connecting groove (25) is arranged at the center of the circle at the tail end of the head drill pipe unit body (17); four connecting rings (26) are arranged radially at the front end of the middle drill pipe unit body (16), four connecting hooks (27) are arranged radially at the tail end of the middle drill pipe unit body (16), and hemispherical connecting grooves (25) are arranged at the centers of the circles at the front and tail ends of the middle drill pipe unit body (16); four connecting rings (26) are arranged radially at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15), a hemispherical connecting groove (25) is arranged at the center of the circle at the front end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15), and a screw rod (29) is arranged at the tail end of the tail drill pipe unit body (15); the drilling driving device (12) is connected to the drill pipe (14) through the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped; the drill pipe (14) and the tail drill pipe unit body (15) are connected through the screw hole (30) and the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped; the three - legged rotary drilling bit (18) and the head drill pipe unit body (17) are connected through the screw hole (30) and the screw rod (29), and the gasket (13) is clamped; the head drill pipe unit body (17), the middle drill pipe unit body (16), and the tail drill pipe unit body (15) are sequentially connected through the connecting rings (26), connecting hooks (27), and connecting ball (24). Two adjacent drill pipe unit bodies can rotate relatively at a small angle about the diameter where the connecting rings (26), connecting hooks (27), and connecting ball (24) are located.

6. The anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting a loose rocky slope according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side wall of the drill pipe unit body that can rotate at a small angle is provided with two symmetrically distributed cutting threads (28). The front end of the cutting thread (28) is in the shape of a convex frustum, and the rear end of the cutting thread (28) is in the shape of a concave frustum. The sides of the convex frustum and the concave frustum are smooth curved surfaces. The front end of the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18) is three wedge-shaped rotary cutters (31) evenly distributed, and the center of the tail end of the three-legged rotary drilling bit (18) is provided with the screw rod (29).

7. A construction method for an anchoring and anti-seepage structure for fragmenting a loose rock slope according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes the following construction steps: S1, Preparation work before construction; S2, Implement the construction based on the anchoring and anti-seepage structure for the fragmented and loose rock slope; S3, Demolish the working platform after completing the construction.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The S1 includes: S11, Slope pre-treatment, including: one or more of driving anti-slide piles at the bottom of the slope for reinforcement, slope surface trimming, and dangerous rock detection and treatment; S12, Reinforcement analysis before construction, including: determining relevant reinforcement parameters according to the specific conditions of the fragmented and loose rock slope. The reinforcement parameters include: the length of the anchor pipe, the inclination angle of the anchor pipe, the layout spacing of the anchor pipes, and the number of lateral grouting body branches of each anchor pipe; S13, Build the working platform, including: build the working platform starting from the bottom of the slope, and pay attention to reserving the working space at the position of the preset anchor pipe during the building process; carry out bottom slope reinforcement; after the bottom slope reinforcement work is completed, demolish the lower-level working platform and move it to the higher level.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The S2 includes: S21, Drill holes and insert and fix the prefabricated anchor pipes, including: drill holes suitable for the preset length of the prefabricated anchor pipes based on a traditional drilling machine; insert the prefabricated anchor pipes into the drill holes and fix them, and pay attention not to damage the support frame during the process of inserting the prefabricated anchor pipes; S22, Carry out primary grouting, including: pour cement grouting body between the hole wall and the prefabricated anchor pipes by using a primary grouting PVC pipe; the slurry is reverse grouted from the bottom to the top through the primary grouting pipe to press out the residual slag and leakage slurry at the bottom of the pipe from the hole mouth, and continue until pure cement slurry overflows from the hole mouth; S23, Tie the steel bars, including: tie the steel bars of the concrete frame beam to connect the steel bars of the concrete frame beam with the anchor pipes; S24, Pour the concrete frame beam, including: build the support plate of the concrete frame beam and pour the concrete, and form the concrete frame beam after the concrete of the frame beam is completely solidified; S25, Drill holes for the lateral branches of the prefabricated anchor pipes, including: drill holes for the lateral branches of the anchor pipes from deep to shallow in sequence based on the drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the prefabricated anchor pipes; S26, Carry out secondary grouting, including: inject cement grouting body into the drill holes for the lateral branches of the anchor pipes from deep to shallow by using a secondary grouting PVC pipe; after the drill holes for the lateral branches of the anchor pipes are filled with cement grouting body, inject concrete slurry into the anchor pipes from the bottom to the top until slurry overflows from the hole mouth; S27, Lay the anti-seepage and drainage membrane: cover the geocomposite drainage net on the anti-seepage geomembrane and bond the two to make the anti-seepage and drainage membrane; cover the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the slope surface, and anchor and fix the anti-seepage and drainage membrane at the top and bottom of the slope with anchor bolts; fix the anti-seepage and drainage membrane on the concrete frame beam at the slope surface where the prefabricated anchor pipes are inserted. S28, pour the concrete for sealing the anchor, including: pouring the concrete for sealing the anchor on the concrete frame beam where the anti-seepage and drainage membrane is fixed, connecting the concrete for sealing the anchor with the precast anchor pipe, and covering the geocomposite drainage net.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that The S25 further includes: inserting a guide pipe, and docking the positioning piece on the guide pipe with the deep positioning hole of the precast anchor pipe; inserting a drilling device that can be used for drilling the lateral rock mass of the precast anchor pipe along the guide pipe and drilling; adjusting the insertion depth of the guide pipe to the shallow layer and repeating the above steps to complete the lateral branch drilling of the precast anchor pipe.

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