Omnidirectional high-precision inclination angle monitoring device based on laser displacement meter and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an omni-directional high-precision inclination angle monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter and a monitoring method of the omni-directional high-precision inclination angle monitoring device. The monitoring device comprises a support assembly, a transverse gravity balancing rod is arranged on the support assembly, a longitudinal gravity balancing rod is arranged on the transverse gravity balancing rod, a plumb bob vertical rod is arranged on the longitudinal gravity balancing rod, a gravity balancing block is arranged at the short end of the lower portion of the plumb bob vertical rod, and a laser reflecting plate is arranged at the long end of the upper portion of the plumb bob vertical rod. The support assembly is further provided with a transverse laser displacement meter and a longitudinal laser displacement meter which are opposite to the laser reflecting plate. The monitoring device is adopted in the monitoring method. The inclination degree of the monitoring device after slight inclination is obtained as delta L / H, and the azimuth angle A of the angle change direction of the slope is calculated through an anti-trigonometric function # imgabs0 #. The method has the beneficial effects that the inclination condition of the surface of the landslide and the azimuth angle of the inclination angle change direction can be dynamically detected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of geological monitoring, and specifically relates to an omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter and its monitoring method, which is mainly applied to the dynamic monitoring of the slope inclination of landslide deformation. Background Art

[0002] Landslides are serious natural disasters, and their occurrence is often accompanied by significant deformation of the slope surface. In the initial stage of landslide deformation, the change in the slope inclination may not be obvious, but by continuously monitoring the slope inclination, these subtle changes can be captured. This timely discovery is crucial for warning landslide disasters and taking preventive measures in advance. The slope inclination is one of the important indicators for evaluating the stability of landslides. By monitoring the inclination on the surface or inside of the landslide body, real-time data on the deformation of the landslide body can be obtained, and then the stability state of the landslide body can be analyzed. These data are of great significance for judging whether a landslide is about to occur, predicting the scale and influence range of the landslide. In addition, monitoring the slope inclination in the initial stage of landslide deformation can provide a scientific basis for landslide treatment. According to the monitoring results, the deformation trend of the landslide can be judged, and then appropriate treatment measures, such as reinforcement, drainage, slope cutting, etc., can be selected to effectively control the development of the landslide.

[0003] However, in the initial stage of landslide deformation, the change in the slope angle is often very weak, and the existing monitoring accuracy of inclinometers may not be able to monitor its change well. Looking at the existing monitoring equipment, most industries still use the traditional bubble level when measuring angles. Its detection method is to judge whether it is level by combining the position of the bubble with operation experience. The bubbles in the liquid have strong instability and are easily disturbed. The judgment of the levelness can only be roughly estimated, and it cannot indicate the specific inclination and cannot be quantified, so its application range is very limited. Optical inclinometers mainly use optical quadrants and calculate the angle size using the readings on the optical scale. However, optical quadrants have low accuracy, complex mechanisms, and are not easy to maintain, and can no longer meet the requirements of digital high-precision measurement. Electronic inclinometers can use inclinometer sensors to convert the inclination of the horizontal plane into specific digital signals or analog signals and send them to a dedicated processor for operation. Most general electronic inclinometers use a suspended micro free pendulum structure. When measuring, the pendulum is affected by gravity and points to the center of the earth. When there is an inclination between the inclinometer and the horizontal plane, there will be an included angle between the pendulum and the horizontal plane, causing a change in the voltage of the induction coil connected to the pendulum or the capacitance value between the electrodes. The corresponding inclination value is obtained through the operation circuit. Inclinometer sensors are generally based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) technology, electrolytes, and inertial navigation systems based on gyroscopes and accelerometers. Inertial navigation systems based on gyroscopes and accelerometers can achieve high-precision dynamic accuracy measurement, but they are expensive and difficult to popularize and apply. Other inclinometer sensors are all static sensors and are suitable for static tests. In dynamic tests, their accuracy can only reach dozens of times the static error, and the measurement accuracy is low, making it difficult to meet the needs of engineering measurement. And existing inclinometer testers similar to those using lasers are all one-way measurements and can only measure the inclination in a certain fixed direction, which may cause the monitoring direction in practice to be not completely consistent with the direction of the slope inclination. Therefore, the measured inclination in practice may not be the true inclination, and the azimuth angle of the inclination direction cannot be measured. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is as follows: This application provides an omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter and its monitoring method, which solves the problem of single-direction inclination measurement of existing monitoring devices.

[0005] The purpose of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter, comprising a support assembly. A transverse gravity balance rod that rotates along a horizontal transverse axis is provided on the support assembly. A longitudinal gravity balance rod that rotates along a horizontal longitudinal axis is provided on the transverse gravity balance rod. A plumb vertical rod is provided on the longitudinal gravity balance rod. A gravity balance block is provided at the lower short end of the plumb vertical rod, and a laser reflector is provided at the upper long end of the plumb vertical rod. A transverse laser displacement meter and a longitudinal laser displacement meter opposite to the laser reflector are also provided on the support assembly.

[0007] Further, both the transverse laser displacement meter and the longitudinal laser displacement meter are laser displacement sensors with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

[0008] Further, the transverse laser displacement meter is horizontally oriented towards the center of the longitudinal reflecting surface of the laser reflector, and the longitudinal laser displacement meter is horizontally oriented towards the center of the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector.

[0009] Further, the longitudinal reflecting surface of the laser reflector is arranged parallel to the plumb vertical rod and the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod, and the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector is arranged parallel to the plumb vertical rod and the transverse rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod.

[0010] Further, the distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod and the gravity balance block is h1, and the distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod and the center of the laser reflector is h2. The ratio of h2 to h1 is at least 5.

[0011] Further, the distance h2 between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod and the center of the laser reflector is at least 0.5 m.

[0012] Further, the longitudinal gravity balance rod is hinged to the transverse gravity balance rod through a bearing, and the transverse gravity balance rod is hinged to the support assembly through a bearing.

[0013] The plumb vertical rod is inserted through the middle of the longitudinal gravity balance rod, and the longitudinal gravity balance rod is inserted through the middle of the transverse gravity balance rod.

[0014] Further, the support assembly includes a base. A column and a balance support are provided on the base. A fixing frame is provided on the column, and a transverse laser displacement meter and a longitudinal laser displacement meter are provided on the fixing frame. A transverse gravity balance rod is provided on the balance support.

[0015] Further, it also includes a wireless data transmission component. The wireless data transmission component includes a wireless node, an antenna, and a data transmission line. The transverse laser displacement meter and the longitudinal laser displacement meter are electrically connected to the wireless node through the data transmission line, and an antenna is provided on the wireless node.

[0016] A monitoring method for an omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter, using the above-mentioned omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter;

[0017] Fix the monitoring device absolutely vertically on the slope surface, and measure that the horizontal distances of the transverse laser displacement meter and the longitudinal laser displacement meter relative to the laser reflector are both L0 in the two horizontal directions under the initial state; when the monitoring device is slightly tilted, the whole monitoring device drives the transverse laser displacement meter and the longitudinal laser displacement meter to tilt, while the plumb rod and the laser reflector remain absolutely vertical under the action of gravity. At this time, the horizontal distances of the transverse laser displacement meter and the longitudinal laser displacement meter relative to the laser reflector are measured as L x and L y , respectively. The actual ΔL is obtained by the Pythagorean theorem. The inclination after the monitoring device is slightly tilted is obtained as ΔL / H, where H is the height difference between the axis of the longitudinal gravity balance rod and the laser emission point of the laser displacement meter. The azimuth angle A of the direction of the angle change of the slope is calculated by the inverse trigonometric function . Among them, ΔL x = L x - L0, ΔL y = L y - L0.

[0018] Advantages of this application:

[0019] (1) It can dynamically detect the inclination of the landslide surface and the azimuth angle of the direction of inclination change, and the inclination angle accuracy can reach 10 -5 radians (rad). At the same time, the azimuth angle of the direction of the angle change of the slope can be calculated.

[0020] (2) Safe, reliable, simple and reasonable in structure. It cleverly uses mathematical theorems and combines laser ranging equipment to quickly measure the inclination of the landslide surface. According to the analysis of the long-term recorded detection data, a danger warning can be given for its inclination condition. This will play a great role in promoting the work of the entire engineering-related industries and regulatory departments, and has long-term significance for the stable development of society and the well-being of the people.

[0021] The main solution of this application and its various further alternative solutions can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are the solutions that can be adopted and claimed by this application; and in this application, (each non-conflicting choice) can be freely combined between choices and with other choices. Those skilled in the art can understand that there are various combinations according to the prior art and common general knowledge after understanding the solution of this application, all of which are the technical solutions to be protected by this application and will not be enumerated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part I of

[0024] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part II of

[0025] Figure 4 It is a calculation principle diagram of the present application.

[0026] In the figure: 1 - laser reflection plate; 2 - transverse laser displacement gauge; 3 - fixing bracket; 4 - data transmission line; 5 - wireless node; 6 - antenna; 7 - column; 8 - plumb bob vertical rod; 9 - balance support; 10 - bearing; 11 - transverse gravity balance rod; 12 - longitudinal gravity balance rod; 13 - gravity balance block; 14 - base; 15 - longitudinal laser displacement gauge. Specific embodiments

[0027] The following non - restrictive embodiments are used to illustrate the present application.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, an omnidirectional high - precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement gauge includes a support assembly, a gravity balance assembly, a measurement assembly, and a wireless data transmission assembly. The support assembly is used to place the overall device and fix the installation of other components. The support assembly is provided with a gravity balance assembly, a measurement assembly, and a wireless data transmission assembly. The gravity balance assembly is used for self - leveling in two directions to expand a small inclination change into a displacement amount. The measurement assembly measures the expanded displacement, and the wireless data transmission assembly transmits the monitoring data to a remote server.

[0030] The support assembly is provided with a transverse gravity balance rod 11 that rotates along the transverse horizontal axis. The transverse gravity balance rod 11 is provided with a longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 that rotates along the longitudinal horizontal axis. The longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 is provided with an erected plumb bob vertical rod 8. The longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 and the plumb bob vertical rod 8 are rotated and swung along the transverse horizontal axis through the transverse gravity balance rod 11, and the plumb bob vertical rod 8 is rotated and swung along the longitudinal horizontal axis through the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12. The balance rods in two directions achieve the angular self - adaptive adjustment in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0031] A gravity balance weight 13 is provided at the lower short end of the plumb bob vertical rod 8, and a laser reflector 1 is provided at the upper long end of the plumb bob vertical rod 8. Under the action of the gravity balance weight 13, combined with the adaptive adjustment in the horizontal and vertical directions, the plumb bob vertical rod 8 is always kept in an absolutely vertical state. And the displacement is magnified through the lever principle between the long end and the short end of the plumb bob vertical rod 8, and the displacement of the gravity balance weight 13 at the short end of the plumb bob vertical rod 8 is magnified to the displacement of the laser reflector 1 at the long end. The laser reflector 1 serves as the monitoring reference of the measuring component to obtain the magnified displacement data.

[0032] A transverse laser displacement meter 2 and a longitudinal laser displacement meter 15 opposite to the laser reflector 1 are also provided on the support assembly. The laser displacement meters in the two directions are respectively used to obtain the displacement amounts in the two directions, and the calculation and monitoring of the horizontal and vertical dip angle changes are carried out based on the changes in the front and rear displacements.

[0033] The support assembly includes a base 14, a column 7 and a balance support 9. The gravity balance assembly includes a transverse gravity balance rod 11, a longitudinal gravity balance rod 12, a plumb bob vertical rod 8, a gravity balance weight 13 and a bearing 10. The measuring assembly includes a laser reflector 1, a transverse laser displacement meter 2, a longitudinal laser displacement meter 15 and a fixing bracket 3. The wireless data transmission assembly includes a wireless node 5, an antenna 6 and a data transmission line 4.

[0034] The raw materials of the base 14, the column 7 and the balance support 9 are all 45# steel with good rigidity, and the welding method adopts high-precision argon arc welding to ensure the absolute positional relationship among the three. The base 14 is a flat plate structure and can be stably placed on the ground. The column 7 and the balance support 9 are provided on the base 14. The column 7 is two erected columns, and the balance support 9 is also two erected columns. The height of the column 7 is much higher than the height of the balance support 9.

[0035] Fixing brackets 3 are fixedly provided on both of the two columns 7, and a transverse laser displacement meter 2 and a longitudinal laser displacement meter 15 are respectively provided on the two fixing brackets 3 to realize the specific placement of the displacement meters. A transverse gravity balance rod 11 is provided between the two columns of the balance support 9 to support the gravity balance assembly.

[0036] The transverse gravity balance rod 11, the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12, the plumb bob vertical rod 8 and the gravity balance weight 13 also use 45# steel as the raw material, and the welding method adopts high-precision argon arc welding to ensure that the centers of gravity of the three are all located on the axis of the plumb bob vertical rod 8.

[0037] The plumb bob vertical rod 8 is inserted through the middle of the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12, and both ends of the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 are hinged to the transverse gravity balance rod 11 through bearings 10. The longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 is inserted through the middle of the transverse gravity balance rod 11, and the transverse gravity balance rod 11 is hinged to the balance support 9 through bearings 10 to ensure that the center of gravity is located on the plumb bob vertical rod 8.

[0038] Both the horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 are laser displacement sensors with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 is horizontally oriented towards the center of the longitudinal reflecting surface of the laser reflector 1, and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 is horizontally oriented towards the center of the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector 1, such that the center of the laser reflector 1 and the emission point of the laser displacement sensor are on the same horizontal plane.

[0039] The longitudinal reflecting surface of the laser reflector 1 is arranged parallel to the plumb post 8 and the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb post 8, and the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector 1 is arranged parallel to the plumb post 8 and the transverse rotation axis of the plumb post 8, so as to ensure that the swing of the plumb post can be accurately reflected as the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the laser reflector.

[0040] The distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb post 8 and the gravity balance weight 13 is h1, and the distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb post 8 and the center of the laser reflector 1 is h2. The ratio of h2 to h1 is at least 5 to ensure the displacement amplification effect. The distance h2 between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb post 8 and the center of the laser reflector 1 is at least 0.5 m. Preferably, the height difference between the axis of the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 and the laser emission point of the laser displacement sensor is 1 m. By restricting the ratio of the lever and the upper distance h2, the specific device structure and measurement accuracy are optimized.

[0041] The horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 are electrically connected to the wireless node 5 through the data transmission line 4, and the wireless node 5 is provided with an antenna 6. The data transmission line 4 is used to transmit the data of the laser displacement sensor to the wireless node 5. The wireless node 5 and the antenna 6 are used to wirelessly transmit the data to the gateway, and then transmitted to the server by the gateway, finally realizing automatic remote monitoring.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a monitoring method for an omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor uses the omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor in Embodiment 1.

[0044] The monitoring device is fixedly installed vertically on the slope surface. The horizontal distances between the horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 and the laser reflector 1 in the two horizontal directions are both L0 in the initial state. When the monitoring device tilts slightly, the whole monitoring device drives the horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 to tilt, while the plumb post 8 and the laser reflector 1 remain absolutely vertical under the action of gravity. At this time, the horizontal distances between the horizontal laser displacement sensor 2 and the vertical laser displacement sensor 15 and the laser reflector 1 are respectively L x and L y . The actual ΔL is obtained by the Pythagorean theorem. The inclination after the monitoring device is slightly tilted is obtained as ΔL / H, where H is the height difference between the axis of the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 and the laser emission point of the laser displacement meter (preferably H = 1000 mm). Through the inverse trigonometric function the azimuth angle A in the direction of the angle change of the slope is calculated, where ΔL x = L x - L0, ΔL y = L y - L0.

[0045] The specific calculation principle is as follows: H is the height difference between the axis of the longitudinal gravity balance rod 12 and the laser emission point of the laser displacement meter (i.e., h2), and the horizontal distances in two independent directions are L x and L y . The actual ΔL is obtained through the Pythagorean theorem. The inclination angle of the plumb vertical rod 8 is α. In the landslide deformation development stage, the inclination angle of the slope surface is extremely small. Therefore, according to the principle of equivalent infinitesimals in higher mathematics

[0046] The displacement measurement accuracy of the laser displacement sensor in two independent directions (L x 、L y ) can reach ±0.01 mm. Since the measurement directions are independent, the error magnitudes are the same, and L is obtained through the Pythagorean theorem. Therefore, after the error propagation law, the mean error of L calculated is still ±0.01 mm. Also, H = 1000 mm, so the accuracy of the inclination angle α generated by measuring the slope deformation can reach 10 -5 radians (rad).

[0047] The foregoing basic examples and their respective further selected examples of the present application can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, all of which are embodiments that can be adopted and claimed in the present application. In the solution of the present application, each selected example can be arbitrarily combined with any basic example and selected example.

[0048] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter, comprising a support assembly, characterized in that: A transverse gravity balance rod (11) that rotates along a transverse horizontal axis is provided on the described support assembly. A longitudinal gravity balance rod (12) that rotates along a longitudinal horizontal axis is provided on the transverse gravity balance rod (11). A plumb vertical rod (8) is provided on the longitudinal gravity balance rod (12). A gravity balance block (13) is provided at the lower short end of the plumb vertical rod (8). A laser reflector (1) is provided at the upper long end of the plumb vertical rod (8). A transverse laser displacement gauge (2) and a longitudinal laser displacement gauge (15) that are opposite to the laser reflector (1) are also provided on the support assembly.

2. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1, wherein: Both the described transverse laser displacement gauge (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement gauge (15) are laser displacement sensors with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

3. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described transverse laser displacement gauge (2) horizontally faces the center of the longitudinal reflecting surface of the laser reflector (1), and the longitudinal laser displacement gauge (15) horizontally faces the center of the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector (1).

4. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal reflecting surface of the described laser reflector (1) is arranged parallel to the plumb vertical rod (8) and the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod (8), and the transverse reflecting surface of the laser reflector (1) is arranged parallel to the plumb vertical rod (8) and the transverse rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod (8).

5. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the described plumb vertical rod (8) and the gravity balance block (13) is h1, and the distance between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod (8) and the center of the laser reflector (1) is h2. The ratio of h2 to h1 is at least 5. The distance h2 between the longitudinal rotation axis of the plumb vertical rod (8) and the center of the laser reflector (1) is at least 0.5 m.

6. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter according to claim 1, wherein: The described longitudinal gravity balance rod (12) is hinged to the transverse gravity balance rod (11) through a bearing (10), and the transverse gravity balance rod (11) is hinged to the support assembly through a bearing (10).

7. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The described plumb vertical rod (8) is inserted through the middle part of the longitudinal gravity balance rod (12), and the longitudinal gravity balance rod (12) is inserted through the middle part of the transverse gravity balance rod (11).

8. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described support assembly includes a base (14). A column (7) and a balance support (9) are provided on the base (14). A fixed frame (3) is provided on the column (7). The transverse laser displacement gauge (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement gauge (15) are provided on the fixed frame (3), and the transverse gravity balance rod (11) is provided on the balance support (9).

9. The omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a wireless data transmission assembly. The wireless data transmission assembly includes a wireless node (5), an antenna (6), and a data transmission line (4). The transverse laser displacement gauge (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement gauge (15) are electrically connected to the wireless node (5) through the data transmission line (4), and the antenna (6) is provided on the wireless node (5).

10. A monitoring method for an omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter, characterized in that: An omnidirectional high-precision inclination monitoring device based on a laser displacement meter as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used; the monitoring device is fixed absolutely vertically on the surface of the slope, and the distances of the lateral laser displacement meter (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement meter (15) relative to the laser reflector (1) in the two horizontal directions in the initial state are measured to be L0; when the monitoring device is slightly tilted, the monitoring device as a whole drives the lateral laser displacement meter (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement meter (15) to tilt, and the plumb bob (8) and the laser reflector (1) as a whole maintain an absolutely vertical state under the action of gravity, and at this time, the horizontal distances of the lateral laser displacement meter (2) and the longitudinal laser displacement meter (15) relative to the laser reflector (1) are measured to be L x With L y , the actual ΔL is obtained by the Pythagorean theorem, The inclination of the monitoring device after a slight tilt is obtained as ΔL / H, where H is the height difference between the axis of the longitudinal gravity balance rod (12) and the laser emission point of the laser displacement meter. Calculate the azimuth angle A of the slope angle change direction, where ΔL x =L x -L0, ΔL y =L y -L0.

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