Adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide

Abstract

The application provides an adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide, and belongs to the technical field of medical devices. The guide module is a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guide module is a fitting surface, the plane where the height of the guide module is located is a front view surface, and the lower bottom surface of the guide module is an upper view surface. The guide assembly is used for guiding the guide needle of the cannulated screw inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected with the guide module. Through the guide assembly, the preoperative individualized evaluation, the technical requirements of the maximum dispersion of three cannulated screws in the ellipse and the cortical support can be combined, the three cannulated screws can be better guided and an ideal space configuration (oblique triangular configuration) in the femoral neck can be formed, the radiation exposure of the patient and the doctor during the operation can be reduced, and the penetration rate of the cannulated screw in the upper rear part can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to an adjustable hollow screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures. Background Technology

[0002] Femoral neck fractures are among the most common fractures in orthopedics. Surgical treatment is the primary approach for this condition, with two main surgical methods: one is femoral head preservation surgery, specifically closed reduction and internal fixation; the other is total hip replacement surgery. For femoral head preservation surgery, most clinicians still prefer parallel fixation with three cannulated screws. The spatial configuration of the three cannulated screws can be categorized as equilateral triangle, inverted triangle, and oblique triangle. Although biomechanical studies have found that the axial load limit of an inverted triangle arrangement is superior to that of an equilateral triangle arrangement, and that inverted triangle internal fixation can effectively avoid complications such as subtrochanteric fractures, the incidence of complications such as fracture displacement and femoral head necrosis remains high. Since the morphological characteristics of the femoral neck isthmus directly affect the spatial configuration of the three cannulated screws for femoral neck fracture fixation, the oblique triangle configuration theoretically perfectly achieves the technical requirements of maximizing dispersion and cortical support of the three cannulated screws while maintaining parallel alignment. This configuration also effectively avoids the protrusion rate of the posterosuperior cannulated screws. The purpose of a hollow screw guide is to stably insert the hollow screw guide, effectively shorten the operation time, and reduce intraoperative radiation exposure.

[0003] Currently, the standard equilateral triangle and inverted equilateral triangle (AO) shapes are commonly used screw placement guides in clinical practice. These triangular guides are designed based on the near-circular cross-section of the femoral neck, and the area of ​​the triangle is fixed and cannot be adjusted. When using such guides to place screws on the near-elliptical cross-section of the femoral neck, several problems arise. For example, the cannulated screws are relatively concentrated relative to the femoral neck, not sufficiently dispersed, or the cannulated screws easily irritate the femoral neck cortex. Furthermore, cannulated screws in the posterosuperior region are prone to iatrogenic perforation. Using a three-dimensional computer-aided navigation system can help improve the accuracy of cannulated screw placement, offering advantages in ensuring parallelism of the cannulated screws, maximizing dispersion between them, and providing cortical support for the femoral neck cross-section. However, the equipment required for this navigation system is complex and expensive, and the surgical procedure is also quite complicated (including pre-scanning, registration, and preoperative planning), which limits its widespread clinical application. Furthermore, during the entire operation, it is also impossible to effectively guide the surgeon to combine the preoperative personalized assessment of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck isthmus to complete the placement guidance operation of the three hollow screws in the ideal spatial configuration. Therefore, the present invention provides an adjustable hollow screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures. By setting up guiding components, it can guide the cannulated screw guide pin inserted into the femoral neck. Through the cooperation between the guiding components, the guiding module is fixed to the proximal femoral bone of the patient. Then, based on the preoperative personalized assessment, the insertion of three cannulated screws is completed. This setting can combine the preoperative personalized assessment with the technical requirements of maximizing the dispersion of the three cannulated screws within the ellipse and cortical support, better guide and achieve the formation of an ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangular configuration) of the three cannulated screws in the femoral neck, and also make the device firmly fixed during the operation, thereby stably and accurately placing the cannulated screw guide pin, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of the patient and the doctor during the operation, and also effectively reducing the perforation rate of the posterosuperior cannulated screw.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures includes a guide module, which is a trapezoidal column. The inclined surface of the guide module is the contact surface, the plane containing the height of the guide module is the frontal view surface, and the lower base surface of the guide module is the upper view surface. A guide assembly is used to guide the cannulated screw guide pin inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected to the guide module.

[0007] Optionally, the guide assembly includes two sets of fixing pin holes respectively opened on the upper viewing surface and the front viewing surface, the diameter of the fixing pin holes being 2mm, and a rotating hole opened on the front viewing surface, the rotating hole being circular and having a diameter of 50mm.

[0008] Optionally, there are a total of six fixed pinholes in the two groups, with three fixed pinholes forming one group, and the fixed pinholes in each group are arranged in a linear array with a hole spacing of 15mm. The angle between the guide direction of the fixed pinholes on the front viewing surface and the front viewing surface is 70°, and the angle between the guide direction of the fixed pinholes on the upper viewing surface and the upper viewing surface is 10°.

[0009] Optionally, a rotating groove is provided on the inner wall of the rotating hole, a rotating circular plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove, two first limiting posts are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate, a first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate, and two limiting holes are symmetrically provided on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate.

[0010] Optionally, a second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting plate near the top, a C-shaped elastic plate is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting plate, an L-shaped fixing plate is fixedly connected to one end of the C-shaped elastic plate, and a second limiting post and an indicator plate are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixing plate respectively.

[0011] Optionally, a first clearance groove is formed on the outer wall of the front view surface, and a plurality of limiting grooves are formed on the inner wall of the first clearance groove. A plurality of fixed-rotation guide pin holes are formed on the front view surface, with fixed-rotation guide pin holes provided at 5° intervals. The fixed-rotation guide pin holes are distributed in an arc array, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the front view surface is 90°, and the angle between the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the mating surface is 130°. The diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole is 2.6 mm, and an angle scale is provided on the outer wall of the front view surface near the fixed-rotation guide pin hole.

[0012] Optionally, the two first limiting posts are slidably connected to the same elliptical guide block, and the outer wall of the elliptical guide block is symmetrically provided with a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove, wherein the length of the first sliding groove is longer than that of the second sliding groove.

[0013] Optionally, the major semi-axis, minor semi-axis, and eccentricity of the ellipse provided on the elliptical guide block are 17 mm, 13.5 mm, and 0.6, respectively. The elliptical guide block is an elliptical cylinder with one end inclined. A central axis guide pin hole is provided at the center of the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block. The angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole and the front view is 90°, and the angle between the central axis guide pin hole and the mating surface is 130°. The diameter of the central axis guide pin hole is 2.6 mm.

[0014] Optionally, three sets of hollow nail guide holes distributed in a fan shape are provided on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block. The diameter of the hollow nail guide holes is 2.6 mm and the hole spacing is 0.1 mm. The angle between the guiding direction of the hollow nail guide holes and the front view is 90°, and the angle between the hollow nail guide holes and the mating surface is 130°.

[0015] Optionally, each group of hollow screw guide holes arranged in a fan shape is divided into three areas: a red rectangular area, a green fan-shaped area, and a yellow fan-shaped area. When targeting the left femur, the hollow screw guide is inserted in the green fan-shaped area, and conversely, when targeting the right femoral neck, the hollow screw guide is inserted in the yellow area.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the above scheme, by setting up a guiding component, the hollow screw guide pin inserted into the femoral neck can be guided. Through the cooperation between the guiding components, the guiding module is fixed on the proximal femoral bone of the patient. Then, based on the preoperative personalized assessment, the insertion of three hollow screws is completed. This setting can combine the preoperative personalized assessment and the technical requirements of maximizing the dispersion of the three hollow screws within the ellipse and cortical support, better guide and achieve the formation of an ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangular configuration) of the three hollow screws in the femoral neck. It can also make the device firmly fixed during the operation, thereby stably and accurately inserting the hollow screw guide pin, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of the patient and the doctor during the operation, and effectively reducing the perforation rate of the posterosuperior hollow screw.

[0018] By setting fixing pin holes in the guide component, it can not only adapt to the diameter of the standard fixing pins used in clinical practice, but also adjust the insertion position of the fixing pins according to the differences in the thickness of the femoral shaft of different patients. When the three fixing pins are inserted into the two sets of fixing pin holes respectively, an angle towards the femoral shaft can be formed, thereby constraining the movement of the guide module through the three-point fixation method, and finally fixing the guide module to the proximal femoral bone of the patient.

[0019] By incorporating a fixed-rotation guide pin hole, a limiting hole, and a rotating disc within the guide assembly, the contours of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the limiting hole are matched to limit the rotation angle of the rotating disc. The fixed-rotation guide pin can be inserted into the corresponding fixed-rotation guide pin hole at different positions, referring to the angle scale. Subsequently, the fixed-rotation guide pin passes through the limiting hole on the rotating disc and penetrates into the femoral shaft, thus limiting the rotation angle of the rotating disc.

[0020] By incorporating a C-shaped elastic plate, an L-shaped fixing plate, a second limiting post, and an indicator plate within the guide assembly, it is no longer necessary to insert a fixed-rotation guide needle into the fixed-rotation guide needle hole, then through the limiting hole on the rotating circular plate, and finally into the femoral shaft. This not only reduces damage to the patient's femur but also allows for the adjustment of the torsion angle of the elliptical guide block by pressing the L-shaped fixing plate to rotate the circular plate, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate.

[0021] By setting an elliptical guide block and a hollow screw guide pin within the guide assembly, it is possible to effectively combine the personalized assessment of the femoral neck isthmus cross-sectional morphology before surgery to complete the placement guide operation of the three hollow screws in the ideal spatial configuration, and also reduce the possibility of iatrogenic perforation of the posterosuperior hollow screw. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and enable those skilled in the art to practice and use the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 A first-view three-dimensional structural diagram of an adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures;

[0024] Figure 2 A second-view three-dimensional structural diagram of an adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures;

[0025] Figure 3 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram of the guide module and the rotating circular plate in conjunction;

[0026] Figure 4 A magnified cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram showing the cooperation between the guide module and the rotating circular plate;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged 3D structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 An enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram showing the cooperation between the rotating circular plate, the first connecting plate, and the second connecting plate;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged 3D structural diagram at point B;

[0030] Figure 8 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram of the elliptical guide block from a first-view perspective;

[0031] Figure 9 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram of the elliptical guide block from a second perspective.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a magnified schematic diagram of the elliptical guide block from a third-view perspective.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 1. Guide module; 101. Front view; 102. Top view; 103. Fitting surface; 104. Fixing pin; 105. Fixing pin hole; 106. Rotating hole; 107. Fixed rotation guide pin hole; 108. Angle scale; 2. Clearance groove; 201. Limiting groove; 202. Rotating groove; 3. Rotating circular plate; 301. First limiting post; 302. Limiting hole; 303. First connecting plate; 304. Second connecting plate 305. Connecting plate; 306. C-shaped elastic plate; 307. L-shaped fixing plate; 308. Indicator plate; 309. Second limiting post; 400. Elliptical guide block; 401. First sliding groove; 402. Second sliding groove; 403. Central shaft guide pin hole; 404. Hollow nail guide pin hole; 405. Red rectangular area; 406. Green fan-shaped area; 407. Yellow fan-shaped area; 5. Central shaft guide pin; 501. Fixed rotation guide pin.

[0035] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0038] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0039] It is understood that the meanings of “on”, “above”, and “above” in this invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with an intervening feature or layer, and that “above” or “above” means not only “on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something without an intervening feature or layer.

[0040] Furthermore, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” are used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device other than those depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein can be interpreted similarly.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adjustable femoral neck fracture hollow screw placement guide, including a guide module 1, the guide module 1 being a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guide module 1 being the contact surface 103, the plane containing the height of the guide module 1 being the frontal viewing surface 101, and the lower bottom surface of the guide module 1 being the upper viewing surface 102.

[0043] The guide assembly is used to guide the hollow screw guide pin inserted into the femoral neck. The guide assembly is connected to the guide module 1. Specifically, the guide module 1 is a trapezoidal column made of carbon fiber. Due to the lightweight, high strength and good X-ray transmittance of the carbon fiber guide module 1, it is easy for doctors to use this guide module 1 and will not interfere with C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy. The cross-section of the guide module 1 is a trapezoidal shape with a shorter upper base that is not parallel to the lower base. The surface where the inclined side of the trapezoid is located is the contact surface 103, which is attached to the patient's skin. The plane where the height of the trapezoid is located is the frontal view plane 101, and the plane where the lower base of the trapezoid is located is the upper view plane 102.

[0044] The guiding component provided by this invention can be used to guide the hollow screw guide pin inserted into the femoral neck. Through the cooperation between the guiding components, the guiding module 1 is fixed on the proximal femoral bone of the patient. Then, based on the preoperative personalized assessment, the insertion of three hollow screws is completed. This setting not only combines the preoperative personalized assessment and the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortical support of the three hollow screws within the ellipse, but also better guides and completes the ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangular configuration) of the three hollow screws in the femoral neck. It also makes the device firmly fixed during the operation, and can stably and accurately insert the hollow screw guide pin, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of the patient and doctor during the operation, and effectively avoiding the perforation rate of the posterosuperior hollow screw.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the guide assembly includes two sets of fixing pinholes 105 respectively opened on the upper viewing surface 102 and the front viewing surface 101. The diameter of the fixing pinholes 105 is 2mm. There are a total of six fixing pinholes 105 in the two sets. Three fixing pinholes 105 are divided into two groups. Each group of fixing pinholes 105 is arranged in a linear array and the hole spacing is 15mm. The angle between the guide direction of the fixing pinholes 105 opened on the front viewing surface 101 and the front viewing surface 101 is 70°. The angle between the guide direction of the fixing pinholes 105 opened on the upper viewing surface 102 and the upper viewing surface 102 is 10°.

[0046] Specifically, the guide assembly includes two sets of fixing pin holes 105 respectively located on the upper viewing surface 102 and the front viewing surface 101. There are six fixing pin holes 105 with a diameter of 2mm, divided into two groups. Each group of fixing pin holes 105 is arranged in a linear array, and the spacing between each group of fixing pin holes 105 is 15mm. This arrangement can not only adapt to the diameter of the standard fixing pin 104 used in clinical practice, but also adjust the insertion position of the fixing pin 104 according to the different thicknesses of the femoral shaft of different patients. The angle between the guide direction of the fixing pin hole 105 on the frontal view 101 and the frontal view 101 is 70°, while the angle between the guide direction of the fixing pin hole 105 on the upper view 102 and the upper view 102 is 10°. This allows the three fixing pins 104 to be inserted into the two sets of fixing pin holes 105 respectively, forming an angle towards the femoral shaft. The movement of the guide module 1 can be constrained by the three-point fixation method, thus fixing the guide module 1 to the proximal femoral bone of the patient.

[0047] The guiding component includes a rotating hole 106 formed on the front view surface 101. The rotating hole 106 is circular with a diameter of 50mm. A rotating groove 202 is formed on the inner wall of the rotating hole 106. A rotating circular plate 3 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 202. Two limiting holes 302 are symmetrically formed on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate 3. Two first limiting posts 301 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate 3. The front view surface 101 has... A plurality of fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 are provided, with fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 provided at 5° intervals. The fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 are arranged in an arc array, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 and the front view surface 101 is 90°, and the angle between the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 and the mating surface 103 is 130°. The diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is 2.6 mm. An angle scale 108 is provided on the outer wall of the front view surface 101 near the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107.

[0048] Specifically, the guide assembly includes a rotating hole 106 located at the center of the front view surface 101. The rotating hole 106 is a circular groove with a diameter of 50mm. The rotating hole 106 on the front view surface 101 extends through the mating surface 103, with the direction of penetration perpendicular to the front view surface 101. A rotating groove 202 is formed on the inner wall of the rotating hole 106 near the front view surface 101. The rotating groove 202 is an annular groove with a rectangular cross-section. A rotating circular plate 3 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 202. The rotating circular plate 3 is a circular hollow plastic plate, and its overall outline matches the outline of the rotating groove 202, allowing the rotating circular plate 3 to rotate on the inner wall of the rotating groove 202. The positioning holes 302 are symmetrically opened on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate 3. The positioning holes 302 are circular grooves with a diameter of 2.6 mm. One end of the two first positioning posts 301 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate 3. The first positioning post 301 is a cuboid with an arc at one end. Several fixed rotation guide holes 107 are opened on the outer wall of the front view surface 101 near the upper view surface 102. Fixed rotation guide holes 107 are provided at every 5° interval. The several fixed rotation guide holes 107 are arranged in an arc array. The fixed rotation guide holes 107 are circular grooves with a diameter of 2.6 mm. The guiding direction of the fixed rotation guide holes 107 is perpendicular to the front view surface 101, and the included angle between the two is 90°.

[0049] Meanwhile, the angle formed between the guide direction and the mating surface 103 is 130°. Angle scale 108 is set on the outer wall of the front view surface 101 near the rotating hole 106. Every 5° position on the angle scale 108 corresponds to the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107. The outline of the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107 is adapted to the outline of the limiting hole 302 mentioned above. The fixed rotation guide needle 501 can be inserted into the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107 at different positions according to the different angles of the angle scale 108. After the fixed rotation guide needle 501 passes through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3, it is inserted into the guide femoral shaft, which can limit the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate 3.

[0050] Two first limiting posts 301 are slidably connected to the same elliptical guide block 4. The outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4 is symmetrically provided with a first sliding groove 401 and a second sliding groove 402, wherein the length of the first sliding groove 401 is longer than that of the second sliding groove 402. The major semi-axis, minor semi-axis and eccentricity of the ellipse provided on the elliptical guide block 4 are 17mm, 13.5mm and 0.6, respectively. The elliptical guide block 4 is an elliptical cylinder with one end inclined. A central axis guide pin hole 403 is provided at the center of the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4. The angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole 403 and the front view surface 101 is 90°, and the angle between the central axis guide pin hole 403 and the contact surface 103 is 130°. The diameter of the central axis guide pin hole 403 is 2.6mm.

[0051] Specifically, the outer walls of the two first limiting posts 301 are slidably connected to the outer wall of the same elliptical guide block 4. The elliptical guide block 4 is a carbon fiber elliptical cylinder with an inclined surface at one end. Regarding the design parameters of the elliptical guide block 4, the length of the major semi-axis of the ellipse is set to 17 mm, the length of the minor semi-axis is set to 13.5 mm, and the corresponding eccentricity of the ellipse is set to 0.6. This setting is based on data obtained from clinical anatomical measurements of the femoral neck isthmus. When the rotating plate 3 mentioned above rotates, it will cause the elliptical guide block 4 to rotate under the action of the first limiting posts 301. The angle of rotation of the rotating plate 3 is based on the preoperative measurement and personalized assessment of the torsion angle of the femoral neck isthmus. According to previous data obtained from anatomical measurements of the femoral neck isthmus, the femoral neck torsion angle is usually 20°-30°. Therefore, the torsion angle obtained by the elliptical guide block 4 under the action of the rotating plate 3 is 20°-30°. A first sliding groove 401 and a second sliding groove 402 are symmetrically formed on the outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4 near the inclined surface. The first sliding groove 401 is longer than the second sliding groove 402. Both the first sliding groove 401 and the second sliding groove 402 are semi-circular grooves whose outlines are adapted to the outlines of the first limiting post 301 mentioned above. A central axis guide pin hole 403 with a diameter of 2.6 mm is formed at the center of the outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4. From a geometric point of view, the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole 403 and the frontal view surface 101 form a 90° angle. At the same time, the angle formed between the guiding direction and the mating surface 103 is 130°, where 130° is the average value of the femoral neck-shaft angle in clinical practice. The femoral neck-shaft angle is an anatomical angle. This setting can facilitate the accurate insertion of the central axis guide pin 5 into the center of the femoral head.

[0052] The outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4 is provided with three sets of hollow nail guides arranged in a fan shape. The diameter of the hollow nail guide hole 404 is 2.6 mm and the hole spacing is 0.1 mm. The angle between the guiding direction of the hollow nail guide hole 404 and the frontal view 101 is 90° and the angle between it and the mating surface 103 is 130°. Each set of hollow nail guide holes 404 arranged in a fan shape is divided into three areas: a red rectangular area 405, a green fan-shaped area 406, and a yellow fan-shaped area 407. When targeting the left femur, the hollow nail guide is inserted in the green fan-shaped area 406, and conversely, when targeting the right femoral neck, the hollow nail guide is inserted in the yellow fan-shaped area 407. The layout of the hollow nail guide insertion areas on the left and right femurs is based on the previous anatomical measurement results of the cross-section of the femoral neck isthmus. Specifically, three sets of several hollow nail guide holes 404 distributed in a fan shape are opened on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4. The hollow nail guide hole 404 is a circular groove with a diameter of 2.6 mm, and the hollow nail guide needle passes through from one end of the elliptical guide block 4 to the other end. From a geometric point of view, the guiding direction of the central axis guide hole 403 and the frontal view 101 form a 90° angle. The angle formed between the guiding direction and the mating surface 103 is 130°, where 130° is the average value of the femoral neck shaft angle in clinical practice.

[0053] Meanwhile, each set of hollow screw guide holes 404 is meticulously divided into three different areas according to specific planning and differentiation standards: a red rectangular area 405, a green fan-shaped area 406, and a yellow fan-shaped area 407. In actual clinical application, for the patient's left femur, the doctor needs to insert the three hollow screw guides into the appropriate holes in the green fan-shaped area 406 based on the personalized assessment of the femoral neck isthmus cross-section morphology made before surgery. Correspondingly, when facing the right femoral neck, the three hollow screw guides should be inserted into the appropriate positions in the yellow fan-shaped area 407. At this time, the three hollow screw guides are distributed in an oblique triangle. The above structural setting can not only effectively combine the personalized assessment of the femoral neck isthmus cross-section morphology made before surgery to complete the screw placement guidance operation of the ideal spatial configuration of the three hollow screws, but also reduce the irritation rate of the hollow screws to the femoral neck cortex, reduce the possibility of adverse effects on the cortical bone, and reduce the possibility of iatrogenic extrusion, helping doctors and other professionals to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this fixation method.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a first clearance groove 2 is provided on the outer wall of the front view surface 101, and a plurality of limiting grooves 201 are provided on the inner wall of the first clearance groove 2. A first connecting plate 303 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate 3. A second connecting plate 304 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting plate 303 near the top. A C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting plate 304. An L-shaped fixing plate 306 is fixedly connected to one end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305. A second limiting post 308 and an indicator plate 307 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 respectively.

[0056] Specifically, the first clearance groove 2 is formed on the outer wall of the front view surface 101 near the angle scale 108. The first clearance groove 2 is a fan-shaped groove and is connected to the rotating groove 202 mentioned above. Several limiting grooves 201 are formed on the inner wall of the first clearance groove 2 near the angle scale 108, arranged in an arc array. The limiting grooves 201 are semi-circular grooves. One end of the first connecting plate 303 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate 3. The first connecting plate 303 is a plastic straight plate. One end of the second connecting plate 304 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the end of the first connecting plate 303 away from the rotating circular plate 3. The second connecting plate 304 is a plastic straight plate. One end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to the other end of the second connecting plate 304. The C-shaped elastic plate 305 is a C-shaped plastic plate. When the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is subjected to force, it will deform along its bending direction. The other end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to an L-shaped fixing plate 306. The L-shaped fixing plate 306 is an L-shaped plastic plate.

[0057] The shorter end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is attached to the inner top wall of the clearance groove 2. One end of the second limiting post 308 and one end of the indicator plate 307 are fixedly connected to the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 near the limiting groove 201 on one side of the outer wall. The indicator plate 307 is located at the top of the second limiting post 308. The fit between the indicator plate 307 and the shorter end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is compatible with the outer wall contour of the clearance groove 2 on the side where the limiting groove 201 is formed. The indicator plate 307 is an arrow-shaped plastic plate, while the second limiting post 308... The second limiting post 308 is a semi-cylinder made of plastic, and its outline is adapted to the outline of the limiting groove 201. When the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is pressed and approaches the outer wall of the limiting groove 201, the L-shaped fixing plate 306 will move in the direction of pressing. At this time, the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will be deformed along its bending direction under force. The second limiting post 308 and the indicator plate 307 will move with the displacement of the L-shaped elastic plate. The outer wall of the second limiting plate will no longer abut against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, and the limiting of the rotating circular plate 3 can be released.

[0058] The L-shaped fixing plate 306 can be pushed towards both ends of the clearance groove 2 as needed by the doctor until the arrow on the indicator plate 307 points to the angle scale 108 required by the doctor. At this point, the finger pressing the L-shaped fixing plate 306 can be released. The C-shaped elastic plate 305 will no longer be under force and will deform elastically. During the deformation of the C-shaped elastic plate 305, the L-shaped fixing plate 306 will be moved towards the direction of the limiting groove 201. At this time, the second limiting post 308 and the indicator plate 307 will follow. The L-shaped fixing plate 306 moves toward the limiting groove 201 until the outer wall of the second limiting post 308 fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, thus limiting the rotation of the circular plate 3. The above structure eliminates the need to insert the fixed rotation guide needle 501 into the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107 and then through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3 to pierce the femoral shaft. This not only reduces damage to the patient's femur, but also allows the deflection angle of the elliptical guide block 4 to be adjusted by pressing the L-shaped fixing plate 306 to rotate the circular plate 3.

[0059] The workflow of the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0060] In use, under the guidance of C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy, the femoral neck central axis guide pin 5 is placed manually. Then, the elliptical guide block 4 is installed on the guide module 1. Next, the central axis guide pin hole 403 on the elliptical guide block 4 is aligned with the central axis guide pin, and the central axis guide pin 5 is inserted into its outer wall. Subsequently, based on the preoperative assessment, three fixation pins 104 are inserted into the two sets of fixation pin holes 105 opened in the superior viewing plane 102 and the anteroposterior viewing plane 101 to fix the guide module 1 to the proximal femoral bone of the patient. Then, the torsion angle of the elliptical guide block 4 can be adjusted. There are two ways to limit the elliptical guide block 4: First, based on the longitudinal axis of the proximal femur during the operation and the torsion angle of the femoral neck isthmus cross section as assessed preoperatively, the circular plate 3 is rotated to move the elliptical guide block 4 to the specified angle. During the rotation of the elliptical guide block 4, the rotating circular plate 3 will be driven to rotate to a specified angle. Then, the fixed rotation guide needle 501 is inserted into the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107 at the specified angle. After the fixed rotation guide needle 501 passes through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3, it pierces into the femoral shaft, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate 3.

[0061] The second method involves pressing the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 close to the outer wall of the limiting groove 201. The L-shaped fixing plate 306 will then move in the direction of pressing. At this time, the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will be deformed along its bending direction under force. The second limiting post 308 and the indicator plate 307 will move along with the L-shaped fixing plate 306. The outer wall of the second limiting plate will no longer abut against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, thereby releasing the limiting of the rotating circular plate 3. The doctor can push the L-shaped fixation plate 306 towards both ends of the clearance groove 2 as needed until the arrow on the indicator plate 307 points to the angle required by the doctor on the angle scale 108. At this time, the doctor releases the finger pressing the L-shaped fixation plate 306, and the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will no longer be under force and will recover its deformation under its own elasticity. During the process of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 recovering its deformation, the L-shaped fixation plate 306 will be driven to move towards the limiting groove 201. At this time, the second limiting post 308 and the indicator plate 307 will follow the L-shaped fixation plate 306 to move towards the limiting groove 201 until the outer wall of the second limiting post 308 fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, thus limiting the rotation of the circular plate 3. In this way, it is no longer necessary to insert the fixed rotation guide needle 501 into the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107, and then through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3 to pierce the femoral shaft, thereby reducing damage to the patient's femur.

[0062] Subsequently, following the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortical support, and under anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic monitoring, combined with the preoperative measurements of the cross-sectional morphology of the left and right femoral neck isthmuses, when operating on the left femoral neck, three hollow screw guide pins were inserted into appropriate hollow screw guide pin holes 404 selected from the three green fan-shaped areas 406; conversely, when operating on the right femoral neck, three hollow screw guide pins were inserted into appropriate hollow screw guide pin holes 404 selected from the three yellow fan-shaped areas 407. At this point, the three hollow screw guide pins formed an ideal spatial configuration within the femoral neck. The guide module 1 and elliptical guide block 4 could then be removed. Finally, three hollow screws of appropriate length were selected and screwed into the femoral neck along the outer wall of each hollow screw guide pin to fix them in place.

[0063] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable cannulated screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures, characterized in that, The guiding module is a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guiding module is a fitting surface, the plane where the height of the guiding module is located is a front view surface, and the lower bottom surface of the guiding module is an upper view surface. A guiding assembly is arranged on the guiding module and used for guiding a hollow nail guide pin inserted into a femoral neck. The guiding assembly comprises two groups of fixing pin holes respectively arranged on the upper view surface and the front view surface and a rotating hole arranged on the front view surface. A rotating groove is arranged on the inner wall of the rotating hole, a rotating disc is rotationally connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove, two first limiting columns are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner circle outer wall of the rotating disc, a first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer circle outer wall of the rotating disc, and two limiting holes are symmetrically arranged on the top outer wall of the rotating disc. A second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the end of the first connecting plate close to the top, a C-shaped elastic plate is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting plate, an L-shaped fixed plate is fixedly connected to one end of the C-shaped elastic plate, and a second limiting column and an indicating plate are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixed plate. A first avoiding groove is arranged on the outer wall of the front view surface, a plurality of limiting grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the first avoiding groove, and a plurality of fixed rotating guide pin holes are arranged on the front view surface. An oval guiding block is slidably connected to the two first limiting columns, and a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the oval guiding block. A plurality of hollow nail guide pin holes are arranged on the outer wall of one end of the oval guiding block in a fan-shaped manner.

2. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the fixing pin hole is 2 mm, and the rotating hole is circular and has a diameter of 50 mm.

3. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 2, wherein, The two groups of fixing pin holes have a total of six fixing pin holes, three fixing pin holes form a group, and the two groups are linearly arranged, the hole spacing is 15 mm, the angle between the guiding direction of the fixing pin hole arranged on the front view surface and the front view surface is 70°, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixing pin hole arranged on the upper view surface and the upper view surface is 10°.

4. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 1, wherein, The fixed rotating guide pin holes are arranged in a circular arc array, are arranged at intervals of 5°, the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed rotating guide pin hole and the front view surface is 90°, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed rotating guide pin hole and the fitting surface is 130°, the diameter of the fixed rotating guide pin hole is 2.6 mm, and the outer wall of the front view surface close to the fixed rotating guide pin hole is provided with an angle scale.

5. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 1, wherein, The length of the first sliding groove is longer than that of the second sliding groove.

6. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 1, wherein, The length of the first sliding groove is longer than that of the second sliding groove. The oval major axis, the oval minor axis and the oval eccentricity of the oval guiding block are 17 mm, 13.5 mm and 0.6 respectively, the oval guiding block is an oval column with an inclined surface at one end, a central axis guide pin hole is arranged on the central position of the outer wall of one end of the oval guiding block, the angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole and the front view surface is 90°, the angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole and the fitting surface is 130°, and the diameter of the central axis guide pin hole is 2.6 mm.

7. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the cannulated nail guide hole is 2.6mm, the distance between the holes is 0.1mm, the angle between the guide direction of the cannulated nail guide hole and the front view surface is 90°, and the angle between the fitting surfaces is 130°.

8. The adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guide of Claim 1, wherein, The plurality of cannulated nail guide holes distributed in a fan shape in each group are divided into three regions, a red rectangular region, a green fan-shaped region and a yellow fan-shaped region, and the cannulated nail guide is inserted into the green fan-shaped region for the left femur, and vice versa for the right femoral neck.

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