Concrete-template interface electro-permeable membrane dynamic monitoring system and testing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a concrete-template interface electro-osmosis membrane dynamic monitoring system and a testing method. The system comprises an electro-osmosis device, a water membrane monitoring system, a plastic rectangular groove, a potential acquisition device and a humidity acquisition device, wherein fresh concrete containing a fluorescent tracer agent is poured in the plastic rectangular groove, and the potential acquisition device and the humidity acquisition device are connected into the plastic rectangular groove. The method comprises the following steps: performing electroosmosis on fresh concrete containing a fluorescent tracer agent through an electroosmosis device, and recording humidity data and potential data at different positions in a plastic rectangular groove in an electroosmosis process by a humidity acquisition device and a potential acquisition device respectively; the water film monitoring system records the development process of forming the electro-permeable membrane in the cathode transparent electrode template in real time, and obtains the characteristic information of the water film area, the water film area change rate, the expansion speed and the thickness distribution of the electro-permeable membrane, so that quantitative research on the evolution law of the electro-permeable membrane is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of civil engineering material testing, and in particular to a dynamic monitoring system and testing method for an electroosmotic water film at a concrete-formwork interface. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, electroosmotic demolding technology for concrete slipforms, based on the principle of electroosmosis, has effectively reduced the adhesive friction between the slipform and fresh concrete, ensuring the surface quality of the concrete after demolding. This technology applies a directional electric field, causing pore water within the concrete to migrate toward the cathode. This creates a thin, controllable water film lubrication layer at the cathode concrete-formwork interface, actively regulating interfacial friction. This technology is particularly suitable for slipform demolding construction in confined spaces such as deeply buried surge tanks and vertical shafts and tunnels.

[0003] The electroosmotic water film at the interface is a key factor in reducing the bond between concrete and formwork, enabling easy demolding. Currently, the primary method for assessing the condition of this film is to measure changes in resistance or capacitance between the concrete and the slipform. However, this method's accuracy is easily affected by environmental conditions and lacks quantitative monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a dynamic monitoring system and testing method for the electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface, which can monitor the development of the interfacial water film and the changes in the internal potential and humidity of the concrete in real time, obtain characteristic information of the expansion speed of the electroosmotic water film and its thickness distribution, and thus realize quantitative research on the evolution law of the electroosmotic water film.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at a concrete-formwork interface comprises an electroosmotic device, a water film monitoring system, a plastic rectangular trough in which fresh concrete containing a fluorescent tracer is cast, and a potential collection device and a humidity collection device connected to the plastic rectangular trough. The top and left and right sides of the plastic rectangular trough are open. The electroosmotic device comprises a DC regulated power supply, which is connected to a cathode transparent electrode template and an anode transparent electrode template, respectively, arranged on the left and right sides of the plastic rectangular trough via a cathode power supply lead and an anode power supply lead, respectively. The cathode transparent electrode template and the anode transparent electrode template both use ITO conductive glass. The water film monitoring system is arranged on one side of the cathode transparent electrode template. The fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer is electroosmoticized by the electroosmotic device. The humidity collection device and the potential collection device respectively record humidity data and potential data at different positions in the plastic rectangular trough during the electroosmotic process. The water film monitoring system records the development of electroosmotic water film staining traces in the cathode transparent electrode template in real time, and obtains characteristic information of the water film area, water film area change rate, expansion speed, and thickness distribution of the electroosmotic water film.

[0007] Furthermore, the water film monitoring system includes a high-definition camera, which is connected to an image processing device via an image data transmission line. The image processing device has a built-in image edge detection algorithm based on Canny-Sobel mixing. By analyzing the video information, the development process of the electroosmotic water film staining traces in the cathode transparent electrode template is judged, and the water film area is calculated. By performing inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence, the expansion speed of the water film is obtained; the water film monitoring system also includes a soft-protected ultrasonic probe, which is connected to an ultrasonic thickness gauge via an acoustic wave data transmission line. The soft-protected ultrasonic probe is tightly attached to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template, and each measurement point is measured one by one. The recorded acoustic wave data is transmitted to the ultrasonic thickness gauge. The ultrasonic thickness gauge derives the water film thickness at different positions, thereby obtaining the water film thickness distribution.

[0008] Furthermore, the humidity collecting device includes a humidity collector, which is connected to a plurality of humidity sensor probes inserted into a plastic rectangular groove cast with fresh concrete containing a fluorescent tracer through humidity sensor probe wires.

[0009] Furthermore, the potential collection device includes a potential collector, which is connected to a plurality of potential measuring needles inserted into a plastic rectangular groove cast with fresh concrete containing a fluorescent tracer through a potential measuring needle connection line.

[0010] Furthermore, the plastic rectangular groove is made of transparent acrylic insulating material and has a size of 500mm×200mm×200mm. Grooves for embedding the cathode transparent electrode template and the anode transparent electrode template are provided at the left and right ends of the plastic rectangular groove.

[0011] A method for testing a dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at a concrete-formwork interface comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Embed a cathode transparent electrode template and an anode transparent electrode template connected to a DC regulated power supply into the left and right ends of a plastic rectangular trough, mix the concrete according to the specified mix ratio, and add a fluorescent dye to the concrete. After mixing evenly, pour the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer into the plastic rectangular trough and vibrate it using a concrete vibrator;

[0013] Step 2: Insert and immerse several potential probes and humidity sensor probes into the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer, and vibrate the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer a second time using a concrete vibrator to ensure that the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer is dense, free of bubbles, and fully filled in the plastic rectangular groove;

[0014] Step 3: Start the humidity collector, potential collector, and water film monitoring system, set the power supply voltage and electroosmosis time, turn on the DC regulated power supply to electroosmosis the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer, and record the humidity data and potential data of the fresh concrete containing the fluorescent tracer at different positions in the plastic rectangular tank during the electroosmosis process using the humidity collector and potential collector respectively;

[0015] Step 4: A high-definition camera records the development process of the electroosmotic water film staining trace in the cathode transparent electrode template in real time, and transmits the recorded video data to an image processing device. The image processing device analyzes the image sequence of the water film video through a built-in algorithm, determines the shape of the electroosmotic water film staining trace and calculates the water film area; performs inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence, and calculates the rate of change of the water film area; uses the displacement vector of the water film edge feature point to calculate the expansion speed of the water film edge at that location, and uses visualization technology to process the velocity vectors of multiple water film edge feature points into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps to intuitively display the expansion direction and rate distribution;

[0016] The water film area A is calculated by counting the target pixels:

[0017] A=NS pixel

[0018] Where S pixel is the actual area of a single pixel, which can be determined by calibration; N is the total number of all valid pixels in the contour area;

[0019] The area of a single pixel is calculated and calibrated by the number of pixels occupied by a reference object of known size (such as a standard grid) in the image:

[0020]

[0021] Where, L real is the actual physical length of the reference object, N pixel is the number of pixels occupied by the reference object in the image;

[0022] By using the inter-frame comparison of the water film image sequence and the central difference method to eliminate the time lag error, the water film area change rate v(t) is calculated:

[0023]

[0024] Where Δt is the time difference between adjacent frames, A(t) is the water film area at time t;

[0025] Track any feature point on the edge of the water film and compare the position changes of the feature point on the edge of the water film in different frames to obtain the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The expansion speed of the water film edge at that location is calculated by the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The calculation formula is:

[0026]

[0027] Where, is the expansion velocity vector of the water film edge feature point (x, y), Displacement vector of water film edge feature points between adjacent frames;

[0028] After the above calculations are performed on multiple water film edge feature points, the velocity vectors of the multiple water film edge feature points are processed into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps using visualization technology to intuitively display the expansion direction and velocity distribution;

[0029] By calculating the velocity vector modulus of each feature point on the edge of the water film To quantitatively analyze the expansion speed at each location;

[0030] Step 5: Attach the soft-protected ultrasonic probe to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template, measure each measurement point one by one, and transmit the recorded sound wave data to the ultrasonic thickness gauge. By measuring the round-trip propagation time ΔT of the ultrasonic pulse in the medium, the water film thickness is calculated:

[0031]

[0032] Where d is the thickness of the water film to be measured, in meters; C is the propagation speed of ultrasound in the water film, in meters per second.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This invention utilizes an electroosmotic device, a water film monitoring system, a humidity acquisition device, and an electric potential acquisition device to overcome the limitations of traditional single-sensor measurements, enabling the coordinated monitoring of multiple parameters, including humidity, electric potential, and water film thickness and area. Enhanced by fluorescent tracers, the water film monitoring system can record the development of electroosmotic water films in real time, capturing characteristic information about their expansion rate and thickness distribution. This provides quantitative data for studying the evolution of electroosmotic water films, significantly improving the accuracy and operability of experiments.

[0035] Furthermore, the water film monitoring system of the present invention integrates optical and acoustic wave monitoring technologies, and captures morphological features such as the area, shape and thickness of the water film in real time through fluorescence dye enhancement, high-definition video and ultra-fast wave measurement.

[0036] The testing method described in this paper is a non-destructive, in-situ testing method. Unlike traditional destructive testing, it uses ITO conductive glass instead of metal templates, effectively eliminating the blind spots associated with traditional metal templates. It also employs fluorescent tracing technology to enhance the contrast of water film boundaries. While existing techniques rely on manual experience to determine water film status, this method utilizes an image edge detection algorithm and inter-frame comparison to accurately calculate the water film area, expansion speed, and area change rate. Using visualization techniques such as HSV pseudo-color images and streamline plots, the method intuitively displays the water film expansion direction and velocity distribution. This allows for efficient calculation and intuitive display of water film characteristics, effectively improving the accuracy and efficiency of water film status analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1-fresh concrete containing fluorescent tracer; 2-plastic rectangular trough; 3-DC regulated power supply; 4-cathode transparent electrode template, 5-anode transparent electrode template; 6-anode power supply wire; 7-cathode power supply wire; 8-humidity sensor probe; 9-humidity collector; 10-humidity sensor probe connection line; 11-potential probe; 12-potential collector; 13-potential probe connection line; 14-high-definition camera device; 15-image processing device; 16-image data transmission line; 17-soft-protected ultrasonic probe; 18-ultrasonic thickness gauge; 19-acoustic wave data transmission line; 20-electroosmotic water membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the concrete-formwork interface electroosmotic water film dynamic monitoring system described in this embodiment includes an electroosmotic device, a water film monitoring system, a plastic rectangular trough 2 cast with fresh concrete 1 containing a fluorescent tracer, and a potential collection device and a humidity collection device connected to the plastic rectangular trough 2.

[0041] The electroosmosis device includes a DC regulated power supply 3, which provides the electrical energy required for electroosmosis; the DC regulated power supply 3 is connected to a cathode transparent electrode template 4 and an anode transparent electrode template 5 through a cathode power supply wire 7 and an anode power supply wire 6 respectively. The cathode transparent electrode template 4 and the anode transparent electrode template 5 are both made of ITO transparent conductive glass, replacing the traditional steel template, avoiding obstruction, and eliminating blind spots in water film observation.

[0042] The plastic rectangular trough 2 is made of transparent acrylic insulating material and measures 500mm x 200mm x 200mm, providing excellent insulation and stability. The top and left and right sides of the plastic rectangular trough 2 are open, with grooves at each end for inserting the cathode transparent electrode template 4 and the anode transparent electrode template 5.

[0043] The humidity collection device includes a humidity collector 9, which is connected to a number of humidity sensor probes 8 inserted into a plastic rectangular groove 2 cast with fresh concrete 1 containing a fluorescent tracer through a humidity sensor probe connection line 10, and is used to collect and record the potential distribution data inside the concrete during the electroosmosis process.

[0044] The potential collection device includes a potential collector 12, which is connected to several potential measuring needles 11 inserted into a plastic rectangular groove 2 cast with fresh concrete 1 containing a fluorescent tracer through a potential measuring needle connection line 13, and is used to collect and record the moisture distribution data inside the concrete during the electroosmosis process.

[0045] The water film monitoring system includes a high-definition camera 14, which is connected to an image processing device 15 via an image data transmission line 16 and can record the development of the water film in the cathode area in real time. The image processing device 15 has a built-in image edge detection algorithm based on Canny-Sobel mixing. By analyzing the video information, it determines the shape and other characteristics of the water film staining traces in the cathode surface area and calculates the water film area. By performing inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence, the expansion speed of the water film is obtained. The water film monitoring system also includes a soft-protected ultrasonic probe 17, which is connected to an ultrasonic thickness gauge 18 via an acoustic wave data transmission line 19. The soft-protected ultrasonic probe 17 is tightly attached to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template 4, and each measurement point is measured one by one. The recorded acoustic wave data is transmitted to the ultrasonic thickness gauge 18, which calculates the water film thickness at different locations and obtains the water film thickness distribution.

[0046] A method for testing a dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at a concrete-formwork interface comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Embed the cathode transparent electrode template 4 and the anode transparent electrode template 5 connected to a DC regulated power supply 3 into the left and right ends of the plastic rectangular groove 2, mix the concrete according to the specified mix ratio, and add a fluorescent dye to it. After mixing evenly, pour the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer into the plastic rectangular groove 2 and vibrate it using a concrete vibrator;

[0048] Step 2: Insert and immerse several potential probes 11 and humidity sensor probes 8 into the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer, and vibrate the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer twice using a concrete vibrator to ensure that the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer is dense, free of bubbles, and fully filled in the plastic rectangular groove 2;

[0049] Step 3: Start the humidity collector 9, the potential collector 12, and the water film monitoring system, set the power supply voltage and the electroosmosis time, turn on the DC regulated power supply 3 to electroosmosis the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer, and record the humidity data and potential data of the fresh concrete 1 containing the fluorescent tracer at different positions of the plastic rectangular tank 2 during the electroosmosis process through the humidity collector 9 and the potential collector 12 respectively;

[0050] Step 4: The high-definition camera 14 records the development process of the staining trace of the electroosmotic water film 20 in the cathode transparent electrode template 4 in real time, and transmits the recorded video data to the image processing device 15. The image processing device 15 analyzes the image sequence of the water film video using a built-in algorithm, determines the shape of the staining trace of the electroosmotic water film 20 and calculates the area of the water film, and performs inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence to obtain the expansion speed of the water film;

[0051] Calculate the rate of change of the water film area; use the displacement vector of the water film edge feature point to calculate the water film edge expansion speed at that location; use visualization technology to process the velocity vectors of multiple water film edge feature points into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps to intuitively display the expansion direction and rate distribution;

[0052] The water film area A is calculated by counting the target pixels:

[0053] A=NS pixel

[0054] Where S pixel is the actual area of a single pixel, which can be determined by calibration; N is the total number of all valid pixels in the contour area;

[0055] The area of a single pixel is calculated and calibrated by the number of pixels occupied by a reference object of known size (such as a standard grid) in the image:

[0056]

[0057] Where, L real is the actual physical length of the reference object, N pixel is the number of pixels occupied by the reference object in the image;

[0058] By using the inter-frame comparison of the water film image sequence and the central difference method to eliminate the time lag error, the water film area change rate v(t) is calculated:

[0059]

[0060] Where Δt is the time difference between adjacent frames, A(t) is the water film area at time t;

[0061] Track any feature point on the edge of the water film and compare the position changes of the feature point on the edge of the water film in different frames to obtain the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The expansion speed of the water film edge at that location is calculated by the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The calculation formula is:

[0062]

[0063] Where, is the expansion velocity vector of the water film edge feature point (x, y), Displacement vector of water film edge feature points between adjacent frames;

[0064] After the above calculations are performed on multiple water film edge feature points, the velocity vectors of the multiple water film edge feature points are processed into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps using visualization technology to intuitively display the expansion direction and velocity distribution;

[0065] By calculating the velocity vector modulus of each feature point on the edge of the water film To quantitatively analyze the expansion speed at each location;

[0066] Step 5: Attach the soft-protected ultrasonic probe 17 to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template 4, measure each measurement point one by one, and transmit the recorded sound wave data to the ultrasonic thickness gauge 18. By measuring the round-trip propagation time ΔT of the ultrasonic pulse in the medium, the water film thickness is calculated:

[0067]

[0068] Where d is the thickness of the water film to be measured, in meters; C is the propagation speed of ultrasound in the water film, in meters per second.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electroosmosis device, a water film monitoring system, a plastic rectangular trough (2) in which fresh concrete (1) containing a fluorescent tracer is poured, and a potential collection device and a humidity collection device connected to the plastic rectangular trough (2); The top and left and right sides of the plastic rectangular groove (2) are open. The electroosmosis device includes a DC regulated power supply (3). The DC regulated power supply (3) is connected to a cathode transparent electrode template (4) and an anode transparent electrode template (5) respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the plastic rectangular groove (2) through a cathode power supply wire (7) and an anode power supply wire (6). The cathode transparent electrode template (4) and the anode transparent electrode template (5) are both made of ITO transparent conductive glass. A water film monitoring system is arranged on one side of the cathode transparent electrode template (4). Electroosmosis is performed on fresh concrete (1) containing a fluorescent tracer through an electroosmotic device, and a humidity collection device and an electric potential collection device respectively record humidity data and electric potential data at different positions in a plastic rectangular groove (2) during the electroosmotic process; a water film monitoring system records the development process of dyeing traces of an electroosmotic water film (20) in a cathode transparent electrode template (4) in real time, and obtains characteristic information of the water film area, water film area change rate, expansion speed and thickness distribution of the electroosmotic water film (20).

2. A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water film monitoring system includes a high-definition camera (14), which is connected to an image processing device (15) via an image data transmission line (16). The image processing device (15) has an image edge detection algorithm based on Canny-Sobel mixing built in. By analyzing video information, the development process of the staining trace of the electroosmotic water film (20) in the cathode transparent electrode template (4) is judged, and the area of the water film is calculated. By performing inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence, the expansion speed of the water film is obtained. The water film monitoring system also includes a soft-protected ultrasonic probe (17), which is connected to an ultrasonic thickness gauge (18) via an acoustic wave data transmission line (19). The soft-protected ultrasonic probe (17) is tightly attached to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template (4), and each measurement point is measured one by one. The recorded acoustic wave data is transmitted to the ultrasonic thickness gauge (18), and the ultrasonic thickness gauge (18) is used to obtain the water film thickness at different positions, thereby obtaining the water film thickness distribution.

3. A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity collecting device comprises a humidity collector (9), which is connected to a plurality of humidity sensor probes (8) inserted into a plastic rectangular groove (2) in which fresh concrete (1) containing a fluorescent tracer is poured, via humidity sensor probe connection lines (10).

4. A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potential collecting device comprises a potential collector (12), which is connected to a plurality of potential measuring needles (11) inserted into a plastic rectangular groove (2) cast with fresh concrete (1) containing a fluorescent tracer via a potential measuring needle connection line (13).

5. A dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The plastic rectangular groove (2) is made of transparent acrylic insulating material and has a size of 500mm×200mm×200mm. Grooves for embedding a cathode transparent electrode template (4) and an anode transparent electrode template (5) are provided at the left and right ends of the plastic rectangular groove (2).

6. A method for testing a dynamic monitoring system for electroosmotic water film at the concrete-formwork interface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: embedding a cathode transparent electrode template (4) and an anode transparent electrode template (5) connected to a DC regulated power supply (3) into the left and right ends of a plastic rectangular groove (2), mixing concrete according to a prescribed mix ratio, and adding a fluorescent dye thereto; after mixing evenly, pouring fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer into the plastic rectangular groove (2), and vibrating it using a concrete vibrator; Step 2: inserting and immersing a plurality of potential probes (11) and humidity sensor probes (8) into the fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer, and vibrating the fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer twice using a concrete vibrator to ensure that the fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer is dense, free of bubbles, and fully filled in the plastic rectangular groove (2); Step 3: Start the humidity collector (9), the potential collector (12) and the water film monitoring system, set the power supply voltage and the electroosmosis time, turn on the DC regulated power supply (3) to electroosmosis the fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer, and record the humidity data and potential data of the fresh concrete (1) containing the fluorescent tracer at different positions of the plastic rectangular groove (2) during the electroosmosis process through the humidity collector (9) and the potential collector (12); Step 4: The high-definition camera (14) records the development process of the staining trace of the electroosmotic water film (20) in the cathode transparent electrode template (4) in real time, and transmits the recorded video data to the image processing device (15). The image processing device (15) analyzes the image sequence of the water film video through a built-in algorithm, determines the shape of the staining trace of the electroosmotic water film (20) and calculates the area of the water film; performs inter-frame comparison analysis on the image sequence, and calculates the rate of change of the water film area; calculates the expansion speed of the water film edge at that location using the displacement vector of the water film edge feature point, and uses visualization technology to process the velocity vectors of multiple water film edge feature points into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps, and intuitively displays the expansion direction and rate distribution; The water film area A is calculated by counting the target pixels: A=NS pixel Where S pixel is the actual area of a single pixel, which can be determined by calibration; N is the total number of all valid pixels in the contour area; Single pixel area S pixel Calculate and calibrate by the number of pixels occupied by a reference object of known size (such as a standard grid) in the image: Where, L real is the actual physical length of the reference object, N pixel is the number of pixels occupied by the reference object in the image; By using the inter-frame comparison of the water film image sequence and the central difference method to eliminate the time lag error, the water film area change rate v(t) is calculated: Where Δt is the time difference between adjacent frames, A(t) is the water film area at time t; Track any feature point on the edge of the water film and compare the position changes of the feature point on the edge of the water film in different frames to obtain the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The expansion speed of the water film edge at that location is calculated by the displacement vector of the feature point on the edge of the water film. The calculation formula is: Where, is the expansion velocity vector of the water film edge feature point (x, y), Displacement vector of water film edge feature points between adjacent frames; After the above calculations are performed on multiple water film edge feature points, the velocity vectors of the multiple water film edge feature points are processed into HSV pseudo-color images and streamline maps using visualization technology to intuitively display the expansion direction and velocity distribution; By calculating the velocity vector modulus of each feature point on the edge of the water film To quantitatively analyze the expansion speed at each location; Step 5: Attach the soft-protected ultrasonic probe (17) to the surface of the cathode transparent electrode template (4), measure each measurement point one by one, and transmit the recorded sound wave data to the ultrasonic thickness gauge (18). By measuring the round-trip propagation time ΔT of the ultrasonic pulse in the medium, the water film thickness is calculated: Where d is the thickness of the water film to be measured, in meters; C is the propagation speed of ultrasound in the water film, in meters per second.

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