Heat pipe type fluidized bed particle heat storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat pipe type fluidized bed particle heat storage system which is mainly used for solar heat utilization. The system mainly comprises a light gathering device, a heat collecting pipe and a fluidized bed. The heat collection pipe adopts a sealed vertical heat exchange pipe bundle, is divided into a heat absorption section, a heat insulation section and a heat release section, and is filled with a phase change medium to efficiently store heat and transfer heat. Heat carrier particles are contained in the fluidized bed and are in direct contact with the heat release section of the heat collecting pipe for rapid heat exchange, the fluidized bed technology is used for achieving the advantages of being rapid in heat transfer, uniform in heat distribution, large in operation flexibility and the like, and different illumination intensity conditions can be adapted. The system is compact in overall design and small in heat loss, has efficient and stable heat utilization performance, and can be widely applied to the fields of solar thermal power generation, solar thermochemistry and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system. Background Art

[0002] Solar thermal energy utilization is a crucial component of the global energy transition. Its clean and sustainable nature makes it a crucial tool for replacing fossil fuels and building a low-carbon energy system. As a core technology for CSP, CSP concentrates solar radiation to convert light energy into heat energy, which drives the power generation system. This provides stable and adjustable energy output, and, especially with the added benefit of heat storage, enables continuous power generation day and night. However, the promotion and application of CSP still faces certain technical and economic challenges.

[0003] Traditional CSP systems typically utilize tower, trough, or Fresnel technologies. These systems rely on media such as molten salt for heat storage and transfer. However, the limited operating temperature range of molten salt reduces system efficiency. Furthermore, the systems lack operational flexibility under conditions other than high radiation intensity, making it difficult to meet dynamic energy output demands. High costs are also a major constraint to large-scale deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address these issues, the present invention provides a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system. This system overcomes the solidification issues and limited operating temperature of traditional molten salt heat storage systems. The high temperature range of the heat carrier particles broadens the system's applicability. The dynamic heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized bed enhance operational flexibility even under non-high radiation conditions, enabling rapid response to changes in energy demand. This system achieves efficient, stable, and low-cost solar thermal energy conversion and storage.

[0005] The present invention provides a heat pipe type fluidized bed particle heat storage system, the system comprising: A fluidized bed (1), a plurality of heat collecting tubes (2), and a plurality of light concentrating devices (3); The fluidized bed (1) comprises a feed port (11) and a discharge port (12), wherein the feed port (11) is located above the discharge port (12), and the fluidized bed (1) comprises heat carrier particles; A plurality of light focusing devices (3) are located outside the fluidized bed and on one side of the discharge port (12); Each of the heat collecting tubes (2) comprises a heat absorbing section (21), a heat insulating section (22) and a heat releasing section (23); in the direction from the feed port (11) toward the discharge port (12), the heat absorbing section (21) is located outside the fluidized bed (1), the heat insulating section (22) and the heat releasing section (23) are located inside the fluidized bed (1), and each of the heat collecting tubes (2) is filled with a phase change medium; and the heat absorbing section (21) of each of the heat collecting tubes (2) is located within an area surrounded by a plurality of the light concentrating devices (3); The concentrating device (3) is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it into the heat absorption section (21); The heat collecting pipe (2) is configured to absorb the solar radiation heat energy through the phase change medium in the heat absorbing section (21) to cause the phase change medium to undergo phase change, thereby obtaining a first high-temperature medium; the first high-temperature medium is kept warm in the heat insulating section (22); the heat energy stored in the first high-temperature medium is released in the heat releasing section (23); and the first high-temperature medium after heat release flows back to the heat absorbing section (21); The fluidized bed (1) is configured to feed the heat carrier particles into the fluidized bed (1) through the feed port (11), so that the heat carrier particles contact and exchange heat with the heat release section (23) to obtain the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C, and discharge the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C through the discharge port (12).

[0006] Optionally, the spacing between the plurality of heat collecting tubes (2) at any height is the same, and the spacing is 10 cm-30 cm.

[0007] Optionally, the fluidized bed (1) includes a first cavity (17) and a second cavity (18); In each of the heat collecting tubes (2), the heat insulating section (22) is located in the first cavity (17), the heat releasing section (23) is located in the second cavity (18), and the feed port (11) is in communication with the interior of the second cavity (18); The wall of the heat collecting tube (2) corresponding to the heat insulating section (22) located in the first cavity (17) is wrapped with a heat insulation layer (24).

[0008] Optionally, the fluidized bed (1) further comprises an air distribution plate (13) and a fan (14); The air distribution plate (13) is connected to the inner wall of the fluidized bed (1) and is located at the boundary between the heat insulation section (22) and the heat release section (23). A plurality of ventilation holes (131) are provided on the air distribution plate (13); The heat carrier particles are loaded on a side of the air distribution plate (13) facing the heat release section (23), and the discharge port (12) is located above the air distribution plate (13); An air inlet (15) is provided at the decomposition point of the heat-insulating section (22) and the heat-absorbing section (21) on the fluidized bed (1), and the fan (14) is connected to the air inlet (15) through an air inlet duct (141); The fan (14) is configured to blow fluidizing gas toward the side of the air distribution plate (13) toward the insulation section (22) through the air inlet (15); the fluidizing gas flows out along the air vents (131) on the air distribution plate (13), driving the heat carrier particles to flow.

[0009] Optionally, the system further comprises a heat exchanger (4), wherein the heat exchanger (4) is arranged on the air inlet duct (141); The air inlet end of the heat exchanger (4) is located on a side close to the fan (14), and the air outlet end of the heat exchanger (4) is located on a side close to the fluidized bed (1); The fluidized bed (1) includes a tail gas outlet (16), the tail gas outlet (16) is located on a side of the heat release section (23) away from the heat insulation section (22), and the tail gas outlet (16) is connected to the interior of the heat exchanger (4) through a gas recovery pipe (161); The tail gas outlet (16) is configured to discharge the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed (1); The heat exchanger (4) is configured to perform heat exchange between the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet (16) and the fluidizing gas blown by the fan (14), and to transport the fluidizing gas after heat exchange to the fluidized bed (1).

[0010] Optionally, the system further comprises a separator (5); The separator (5) is arranged on the gas recovery pipeline (161); The separator (5) is configured to filter the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet (16), and the filtered fluidizing gas is transported to the heat exchanger (4) along the gas recovery pipe (161).

[0011] Optionally, the separator (5) is provided with a discharge pipe (51); One end of the discharge pipe (51) away from the separator (5) is in communication with the feed port (11); The discharge pipe (51) is configured to return the particles remaining after filtration to the fluidized bed (1).

[0012] Optionally, the phase change material includes at least one of metal and molten salt.

[0013] Optionally, the heat carrier particles are selected from at least one of alumina, quartz sand or metal particles; The particle size of the heat carrier particles is no greater than 300 μm.

[0014] Optionally, the light focusing device (3) includes a bracket (31) and a light focusing lens (32); The bracket (31) is arranged on a side close to the heat absorbing section (21), and an area enclosed by a plurality of the brackets (31) surrounds a plurality of the heat absorbing sections (21); The condenser lens (32) is fixed to a side of the bracket (31) facing the heat absorption section (21); The concentrating mirror (32) is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it to the heat absorption section (21).

[0015] Beneficial technical effects: This embodiment provides a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system, primarily for solar thermal utilization. The system primarily comprises a concentrator, a heat collecting tube, and a fluidized bed. The heat collecting tube is divided into an absorption section, an insulation section, and a heat release section. It is filled with a phase change medium for efficient heat storage and transfer. The fluidized bed is filled with heat carrier particles, which work in conjunction with the heat collecting tube. The phase change medium in the heat collecting tube rapidly absorbs solar radiation energy collected by the concentrator through the absorption section and undergoes a phase change. The resulting high-temperature medium directly exchanges heat with the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed in the heat release section. This avoids the efficiency loss of the molten salt medium due to solidification and temperature limitations, achieving high-temperature heat storage at 500°C-1200°C and significantly improving the system's energy conversion efficiency. The fluidized bed configuration allows for continuous inflow and outflow of heat carrier particles. By adjusting the particle flow rate and contact time, it flexibly adapts to energy input under varying radiation intensities. This addresses the operational rigidity of traditional systems under non-high radiation conditions and enables dynamic matching of energy output requirements.

[0016] The system provided in this embodiment has a compact overall design and has the advantages of low heat loss, high heat conversion efficiency, and strong operational stability. By eliminating the circulation pipelines and insulation facilities required for traditional molten salt heat storage, the system construction and operation and maintenance costs are reduced, and the inherent solidification risk of the molten salt medium is avoided. The setting of the heat collecting tube and the concentrating device supports the flexible expansion of the system capacity and can be widely used in diversified application scenarios such as solar thermal power generation and high-temperature thermochemical reactions. The insulation section set in the heat collecting tube effectively blocks the radial heat conduction loss, and combined with the cyclic phase change energy storage mechanism of the phase change medium and the uniform heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized bed particles, the system maintains thermodynamic stability during long-term operation, while significantly extending the service life of key equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system proposed in the embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the fluidized bed and heat collecting tubes proposed in the embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A top view of the fluidized bed and heat collecting tubes proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 1. Fluidized bed; 11. Feed port; 111. Feed pipe; 12. Discharge port; 121. Discharge pipe; 13. Air distribution plate; 131. Air vent; 14. Fan; 141. Air inlet duct; 15. Air inlet; 16. Exhaust outlet; 161. Gas recovery pipe; 17. First chamber; 18. Second chamber; 2. Heat collecting tube; 21. Heat absorbing section; 22. Heat insulating section; 23. Heat releasing section; 24. Insulation layer; 3. Condensing device; 31. Bracket; 32. Condenser; 4. Heat exchanger; 5. Separator; 51. Discharge pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] In the drawings, the sizes of components, layer thicknesses, or segments may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, any implementation of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the dimensions shown in the drawings, and the shapes and sizes of components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate idealized examples, and any implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings.

[0022] Among related technologies, although my country boasts abundant solar energy resources, with daily radiation levels in some areas reaching internationally advanced development standards, CSP technology started relatively late and its overall development has lagged behind. Driven by policies, a series of demonstration projects have been implemented, but the following limitations still need to be overcome: Traditional CSP systems mostly use tower, trough, or Fresnel technologies. These systems rely on molten salt media for heat storage and heat transfer, but due to molten salt solidification issues and a limited operating temperature range, the system's operating efficiency decreases. Furthermore, under conditions of low radiation intensity, the system's operational flexibility is insufficient, making it difficult to meet the dynamic demands of energy output. High costs have also become a major constraint to large-scale promotion.

[0023] In response to the above problems, this example found that fluidized bed technology, with its unique advantages, has gradually become a breakthrough solution in the field of solar thermal energy storage. Fluidized bed uses solid particles as the heat transfer medium and achieves efficient heat transfer and uniform distribution through gas fluidization. Its core features include: (1) Efficient heat transfer: The dense contact between particles and dynamic fluidization significantly improve the heat exchange efficiency; (2) Uniform heat distribution: The temperature field inside the system is more uniform, which can reduce local overheating or overcooling; (3) Strong operational flexibility: It can adapt to thermal load fluctuations under different light intensity conditions, and especially exhibits excellent stability under intermittent radiation conditions.

[0024] Building on this foundation, this example demonstrates that system performance can be further enhanced by introducing heat collector tube technology. Heat collector tubes possess extremely high thermal conductivity and stability. When combined with a fluidized bed, they enable rapid and efficient heat transfer and optimize the dynamic response of the thermal storage system. This synergistic setup provides an efficient, reliable, and economical solution for CSP systems.

[0025] Based on the above, this example proposes a particle heat storage system based on a coupled heat collector and fluidized bed design. This system aims to address the low heat storage efficiency, uneven heat distribution, and poor operational flexibility of existing CSP systems. By optimizing the synergistic effect of the heat collector and fluidized bed, this system not only meets the efficient heat storage requirements of solar thermal energy utilization but also provides stable heat output under varying radiation conditions, laying a technical foundation for the further development of CSP technology.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system, the system comprising: A fluidized bed 1, a plurality of heat collecting tubes 2 and a plurality of light concentrating devices 3; The fluidized bed 1 includes a feed port 11 and a discharge port 12, wherein the feed port 11 is located above the discharge port 12, and the fluidized bed 1 includes heat carrier particles; A plurality of focusing devices 3 are located outside the fluidized bed 1 and on one side of the discharge port 12; Each of the heat collecting tubes 2 includes a heat absorbing section 21, a heat insulating section 22, and a heat releasing section 23. In the direction from the feed port 11 toward the discharge port 12, the heat absorbing section 21 is located outside the fluidized bed 1, and the heat insulating section 22 and the heat releasing section 23 are located inside the fluidized bed 1. Each of the heat collecting tubes 2 is filled with a phase change medium. Furthermore, the heat absorbing section 21 of each of the heat collecting tubes 2 is located within the area surrounded by the multiple light concentrating devices 3. The concentrating device 3 is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it into the heat absorption section 21; The heat collecting pipe 2 is configured to absorb the solar radiation heat energy through the phase change medium in the heat absorbing section 21 to cause the phase change medium to undergo a phase change, thereby obtaining a first high-temperature medium. The first high-temperature medium is kept warm in the heat insulating section 22, and the heat energy stored in the first high-temperature medium is released in the heat releasing section 23. After the heat is released, the first high-temperature medium flows back to the heat absorbing section 21. The fluidized bed 1 is configured to feed the heat carrier particles into the fluidized bed 1 through the feed port 11, so that the heat carrier particles contact and exchange heat with the heat release section 23 to obtain the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C, and discharge the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C through the discharge port 12.

[0027] During specific implementation, the concentrating device 3 collects solar radiation heat energy and reflects or refracts it onto the heat collecting pipe 2 of the heat absorbing section 21, and collects the solar radiation heat energy into the heat absorbing section 21, causing the phase change medium in the heat absorbing section 21 to absorb heat and cause it to undergo phase change, thereby obtaining a first high-temperature medium; the first high-temperature medium has a larger volume than the phase change medium and enters the insulation section 22, where the first high-temperature medium is kept warm; at the same time, the heat carrier particles are fed into the fluidized bed 1 along the feed port 11, so that the heat carrier particles are fluidized; in the heat collecting pipe 2, the heat release section 23 releases the heat energy stored in the first high-temperature medium, and the fluidized heat carrier particles absorb the heat energy, obtaining heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C, and the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C are discharged through the discharge port 12 as a high-temperature heat source. After releasing heat, the first high-temperature medium flows back to the heat absorbing section 21 to continue absorbing heat.

[0028] This embodiment provides a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system that uses a phase change medium instead of molten salt. The heat absorption section 21 absorbs the solar radiation heat energy collected by the concentrating device 3, causing the phase change medium to undergo a phase change to form a first high-temperature medium. Its operating temperature can cover 500°C-1200°C, significantly broadening the temperature application range and effectively avoiding the problem of molten salt solidification. The heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 are in direct contact with the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2 for heat exchange. The turbulent characteristics of the fluidized bed 1 enhance the heat transfer efficiency, ensuring that it can still quickly respond to dynamic changes in energy demand under non-high radiation conditions. The heat carrier particles used in this embodiment are low in cost, high temperature resistant and highly stable. Combined with the provided heat collecting pipe 2 and concentrating device 3, the system complexity and large-scale promotion costs are reduced.

[0029] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a feed pipe 111 is provided at the feed port 11 of the fluidized bed 1, one end of the feed pipe 111 is connected to the feed port 11, and the other end extends toward the direction close to the heat release section 23; like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a discharge pipe 121 is provided at the discharge port 12 of the fluidized bed 1 , one end of the discharge pipe 121 is connected to the discharge port 12 , and the other end extends toward the direction close to the insulation section 22 .

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the feed port 11 is located above the discharge port 12 in the Y direction; by setting the positions of the feed port 11 and the discharge port 12, the heat carrier particles entering the fluidized bed 1 complete the heat exchange with the heat release section 23 during the time of flowing from the feed port 11 to the discharge port 12, and the heat carrier particles after heat exchange can be discharged through the discharge port 12 in time, avoiding the heat carrier particles after heat exchange occupying the internal space of the fluidized bed 1, resulting in the inability of normal temperature heat carrier particles to enter the fluidized bed 1, thereby ensuring the continuous heat storage process.

[0031] In this embodiment, the shell of the fluidized bed 1 can be covered with an insulation layer 24. The material of the insulation layer 24 can be selected from materials with an operating temperature below 1300°C; for example, insulation blankets, insulation boards, nanopowders, etc., to reduce heat loss inside the fluidized bed 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the heat carrier particles are selected from at least one of alumina, quartz sand or metal particles; The particle size of the heat carrier particles is no greater than 300 μm.

[0033] Among them, metal particles include aluminum particles, copper particles, stainless steel particles, nickel-based alloy particles, iron-based alloy particles, etc. The particle size of the heat carrier particles includes 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, etc.

[0034] This embodiment further optimizes the system's heat transfer efficiency and operational stability by limiting the material of the heat carrier particles and controlling their particle size to no more than 300 μm. Alumina and quartz sand exhibit excellent high-temperature resistance, chemical stability, and low cost, enabling stable operation in high-temperature environments ranging from 500°C to 1200°C. Metal particles exhibit high thermal conductivity, significantly increasing heat transfer rates and shortening response times. Small-sized heat carrier particles (≤300 μm) significantly increase the contact area with the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting tube 2, enhancing the heat transfer effect. Furthermore, small-sized heat carrier particles exhibit improved fluidity within the fluidized bed 1, ensuring good gas-solid contact and fluidization within the fluidized bed 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, the temperature of the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 at the feed port 11 is 20°C-400°C, preferably 240°C-280°C; the temperature of the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 at the discharge port 12 is 500°C-1200°C, preferably 800°C-900°C.

[0036] In this embodiment, the heat carrier particles can be operated using either continuous or intermittent feeding and discharging. Preferably, continuous feeding and discharging allows the heat carrier particles to continuously transfer and exchange heat. During operation, the temperature fluctuation range of the heat carrier particles is ±60°C, preferably ±20°C, to ensure stable system operation.

[0037] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed 1 further includes an air distribution plate 13 and a fan 14; The air distribution plate 13 is connected to the inner wall of the fluidized bed 1 and is located at the boundary between the heat insulation section 22 and the heat release section 23. The air distribution plate 13 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 131. The heat carrier particles are loaded on the side of the air distribution plate 13 facing the heat release section 23 , and the discharge port 12 is located above the air distribution plate 13 ; An air inlet 15 is provided at the junction of the heat-insulating section 22 and the heat-absorbing section 21 on the fluidized bed 1, and the fan 14 is connected to the air inlet 15 through an air inlet duct 141; The fan 14 is configured to blow fluidizing gas toward the side of the air distribution plate 13 toward the insulation section 22 through the air inlet 15. The fluidizing gas flows out along the air holes 131 on the air distribution plate 13, driving the heat carrier particles to flow.

[0038] In this embodiment, the air distribution plate 13 is a metal or ceramic plate provided with evenly distributed air holes 131, which is used to evenly distribute the fluidizing gas and promote the fluidization movement of the heat carrier particles; The vents 131 are small holes formed on the air distribution plate 13, which allow the fluidizing gas to pass through evenly and act on the heat carrier particles, thereby forming a turbulent state in the fluidized bed 1. However, the vents 131 do not allow the heat carrier particles to pass through. The fan 14 is a device that provides airflow power; The fluidizing gas is a gas delivered by the fan 14; for example, air or an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon; and enters the fluidized bed 1 through the vents 131 to suspend the heat carrier particles and exhibit fluid-like properties. In this embodiment, the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas is 0.02 m / s-0.4 m / s, preferably 0.05 m / s-0.2 m / s, to ensure good contact between the fluidizing gas and the heat carrier particles, so that the heat carrier particles flow stably, while improving the heat transfer efficiency; and to ensure the smooth flow of the airflow to avoid particle loss or system overheating due to excessive airflow.

[0039] The air inlet duct 141 is a duct connecting the fan 14 and the air inlet 15 of the fluidized bed 1, ensuring that the fluidizing gas is efficiently transported to the target area.

[0040] During specific implementation, the concentrating device 3 collects solar radiation heat energy and collects it into the heat absorption section 21, so that the phase change medium in the heat absorption section 21 absorbs the solar radiation heat energy to cause it to undergo phase change, thereby obtaining a first high-temperature medium, which is then kept warm in the insulation section 22; at the same time, the heat carrier particles are fed into the fluidized bed 1 along the feed port 11, and the fan 14 is started. The fan 14 blows the fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed 1 along the air inlet 15, and the fluidizing gas diffuses along the side of the air distribution plate 13 facing away from the insulation section 22 until it flows into the fluidized bed 1 through the air vent 131 and contacts the heat carrier particles, so that the heat carrier particles are in a fluidized state; in the heat collecting pipe 2, the heat release section 23 releases the heat energy stored in the first high-temperature medium, and the heat carrier particles in a fluidized state absorb the heat energy, thereby obtaining heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C, which are discharged through the discharge port 12. The heat carrier particles at ℃ are discharged, and the first high-temperature medium after releasing heat flows back to the heat absorption section 21 and is recycled.

[0041] In this embodiment, the air distribution plate 13 is positioned at the boundary between the insulating section 22 and the heat release section 23. Its vents 131 evenly distribute the fluidizing gas, allowing the heat carrier particles to form a stable fluidized state on the heat release section 23 side, preventing particle accumulation and ensuring sufficient contact and heat exchange between the fluidized heat carrier particles and the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2. This embodiment utilizes the air distribution plate 13 to isolate the insulating section 22 from the heat release section 23. The fan 14 blows fluidizing gas toward the insulating section 22 through the air inlet 15. The fluidizing gas enters the heat release section 23 through the vents 131, pushing the heat carrier particles to flow. This reduces the thermal interference of the high-temperature medium on the insulating section 22 and enhances the heat energy release efficiency of the heat release section 23. The fan 14 can adjust the fluidizing gas flow rate and pressure according to system requirements, flexibly adapting to the flow rate of heat carrier particles under different radiation intensities, enhancing operational flexibility under non-high radiation conditions while reducing energy consumption. The discharge port 12 is located above the air distribution plate 13. The fluidizing gas pushes the particles upward and then discharges them through the discharge port 12, avoiding particle deposition, reducing the risk of blockage and simplifying the maintenance process.

[0042] In this embodiment, the heat collecting tube 2 is a sealed vertical heat exchange tube bundle for absorbing, storing and releasing solar energy; like Figure 1 As shown, the heat collecting tube 2 is vertically inserted into the fluidized bed 1 in the Y direction, with the adiabatic section 22 and the heat releasing section 23 located inside the fluidized bed 1, and the heat absorbing section 21 located outside the fluidized bed 1. Compared to the existing horizontally placed trough-type heat collecting tube 2, this results in a temperature gradient distribution of the fluid within the heat collecting tube 2, with the temperature increasing towards the bottom of the tube and decreasing towards the center. The heat collecting tube 2 of this embodiment is arranged vertically, and the internal medium undergoes a phase change, but this phase change only occurs at the initial stage of system operation. When the system is operating stably, the heat collecting tube 2 is mostly filled with heat transfer liquid converted from the phase change medium, i.e., the low-temperature liquid within the heat collecting tube 2 absorbs heat from the bottom and becomes a high-temperature liquid. Due to the change in density, the high-temperature liquid rises to the adiabatic section 22 and the heat releasing section 23. After releasing heat, its temperature decreases and its density increases, and it returns to the heat absorbing section 21. This effectively avoids the generation of a temperature gradient within the heat collecting tube 2, makes the temperature distribution within the heat releasing section 23 more uniform, and improves the heat transfer efficiency between the heat releasing section 23 and the heat carrier particles.

[0043] In this embodiment, the heat absorbing section 21, the heat insulating section 22, and the heat releasing section 23 of the heat collecting tube 2 may be made of the same material or different materials; for example, the heat collecting tube 2 may be made of copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, galvanized steel pipe, cast iron, nickel-based high-temperature alloy, molybdenum alloy, silicon carbide-carbon composite material, etc. Alternatively, the heat absorbing section 21 of the heat collecting tube 2 is made of a molybdenum alloy (withstands high temperatures of 2600°C) or the like; the heat insulating section 22 is made of an alumina composite material (withstands high temperatures of 1500°C) or the like; and the heat releasing section 23 is made of stainless steel (withstands high temperatures of 800-1200°C) or the like; In this embodiment, the heat absorbing section 21 and the heat insulating section 22 may be sealed with a vacuum tube to reduce heat loss.

[0044] In this embodiment, the color of the heat collecting tube 2 can be black, blue-black, silver, white, metallic color, etc. In specific implementation, a black heat-absorbing coating can be set on the heat-absorbing section 21 of the heat collecting tube 2, and the color of the heat-insulating section 22 of the heat collecting tube 2 can be set to the original color of the material, such as silver gray or white; the color of the heat-releasing section 23 can be set to the original color of the metal or high-temperature oxidation color (such as brown or dark gold), etc.

[0045] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the spacing between the plurality of heat collecting tubes 2 at any height is the same, and the spacing is 10 cm-30 cm.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the spacing refers to the vertical distance between adjacent heat collecting tubes 2 in the X direction; The spacing between multiple heat collecting tubes 2 at any height is the same, as shown in Figure 1 In the X direction shown, the vertical distances between adjacent heat collecting tubes 2 are the same, that is, the multiple heat collecting tubes 2 are spaced and arranged in parallel in the X direction; The spacing can be 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm; In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the same spacing between the multiple heat collecting tubes 2 at any height means that the multiple heat collecting tubes 2 are arranged in parallel in the Y direction (parallel arrangement means that the extension lines of the multiple heat collecting tubes 2 in the Y direction do not cross each other).

[0047] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, in the X direction and the Y direction, the multiple heat collecting tubes can be arranged in a staggered arrangement or a cross arrangement (that is, the projection of any heat collecting tube 2 in the X direction or the Y direction does not completely overlap with any other heat collecting tube 2), so as to avoid the situation where the adjacent heat collecting tubes 2 block the light, so that the inner layer (such as Figure 3 As shown, the inner layer (the area consisting of all the heat collecting tubes 2 surrounded by the outermost heat collecting tubes 2) can receive sufficient light.

[0048] In this embodiment, by setting the spacing between multiple heat collecting tubes 2 at any height to be the same, it is ensured that the flow of heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 evenly covers the heat release sections 23 of all heat collecting tubes 2, avoiding local heat accumulation or heat transfer blind spots, and improving the overall heat exchange efficiency; at the same time, the setting of the spacing balances the heat exchange area and the fluidity of the heat carrier particles, maximizing heat energy transfer while preventing the flow of particles from being obstructed or blocked.

[0049] In this embodiment, the parallel arrangement of the heat collecting tubes 2 is standardized in spacing, reducing mechanical stress concentration and enhancing the system's resistance to high-temperature deformation. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vertically parallel arrangement of the heat collecting tubes 2 matches the optical path of the concentrating device 3, ensuring uniform distribution of solar radiation to the heat absorbing section 21 of each heat collecting tube 2. Automatic tracking technology can be combined to further optimize light energy utilization and ensure stable output under dynamic lighting conditions.

[0050] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the heat absorbing section 21, the heat insulating section 22 and the heat releasing section 23 of each heat collecting tube 2 are aligned in the X direction; The heat absorbing section 21 is arranged outside the fluidized bed 1 and can directly receive the solar radiation heat energy collected by the concentrating device 3; The insulating section 22 is the transition section between the heat-releasing section 23 and the heat-absorbing section 21 of the heat collecting tube 2. This section of the heat collecting tube 2 neither receives the solar radiation heat energy collected by the concentrating device 3 nor exchanges heat with the heat carrier particles. It only stores the heat absorbed by the heat absorbing section 21, effectively isolating heat loss and making the system's heat energy storage more efficient. The heat release section 23 is the portion of the heat collecting pipe 2 that is in direct contact with the heat carrier particles inside the fluidized bed 1 and is responsible for releasing the stored heat energy to the heat carrier particles.

[0051] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the fluidized bed 1 includes a first cavity 17 and a second cavity 18; In each of the heat collecting tubes 2, the heat insulating section 22 is located in the first cavity 17, the heat releasing section 23 is located in the second cavity 18, and the feed port 11 is in communication with the interior of the second cavity 18; The wall of the heat collecting tube 2 corresponding to the heat insulating section 22 located in the first cavity 17 is wrapped with a heat insulation layer 24 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the first cavity 17 is a region within the fluidized bed 1 for accommodating the insulation section 22 of the heat collecting tube 2; The second cavity 18 is an area in the fluidized bed 1 that is connected to the feed port 11 and is used to accommodate the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2. It is a space for direct heat exchange between the heat carrier particles and the first high-temperature medium.

[0053] In this embodiment, the insulation layer 24 is wrapped around the material of the outer wall of the heat collecting pipe 2 corresponding to the heat insulating section 22, and reduces heat loss through low thermal conductivity, thereby maintaining the high temperature state of the first high temperature medium; The material of the thermal insulation layer 24 includes rock wool, glass wool, etc. A vacuum tube may also be provided to reduce heat loss between the thermal insulation section 22 and the heat absorption section 21 .

[0054] In this embodiment, by setting up a first cavity 17 to accommodate the insulation section 22 and wrapping the insulation layer 24 on the heat collecting tube 2, the heat loss of the first high-temperature medium is effectively reduced; the heat release section 23 is centrally arranged in the second cavity 18, and after being connected to the feed port 11, it directly receives the heat carrier particles, ensuring that the heat carrier particles and the heat release section 23 are in full contact and heat exchange, maximizing the heat energy transfer rate. In this embodiment, the second cavity 18 serves as the core area of heat exchange. Combined with the fluidization characteristics of the fluidized bed 1, it can guide the heat carrier particles to evenly cover the surface of the heat release section 23, avoiding local overheating or uneven heat transfer; the insulation setting of the first cavity 17 maintains the temperature stability of the first high-temperature medium in the insulation section 22, reducing thermal interference with the surrounding particles. Such a sub-cavity setting not only simplifies the internal structure of the fluidized bed 1, but also reduces the risk of particle blockage.

[0055] In this embodiment, the phase change material includes at least one of metal and molten salt.

[0056] In this embodiment, the phase change medium stores and releases thermal energy through a phase change (solid-liquid) process and has high latent heat characteristics.

[0057] In this embodiment, the filling amount of the phase change material in the heat collecting tube 2 is 90%-95%. In specific implementation, the highest liquid level of the phase change material cannot be higher than the highest interface of the heat carrier particle layer in the fluidized bed 1.

[0058] A high filling rate (90%-95%) ensures that the phase-change medium occupies sufficient volume within the heat absorption section 21 to fully absorb and store solar energy. This also leaves a small amount of space to mitigate the pressure generated by volume expansion during the phase change process, thus preventing the risk of rupture in the heat collector tube 2. The liquid level of the phase-change material is flush with the highest interface of the heat carrier particle layer in the fluidized bed 1, preventing the liquid phase-change medium from overflowing and contaminating the fluidized bed 1. This also maximizes the direct contact area between the heat release section 23 and the heat carrier particles, enhancing heat transfer efficiency.

[0059] In this embodiment, the light focusing device 3 includes a bracket 31 and a light focusing lens 32; The bracket 31 is disposed on a side close to the heat absorbing section 21 , and the area enclosed by the multiple brackets 31 surrounds the multiple heat absorbing sections 21 ; The condenser lens 32 is fixed to the side of the bracket 31 facing the heat absorption section 21; The concentrating mirror 32 is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it into the heat absorption section 21 .

[0060] In this embodiment, a plurality of focusing devices 3 are located outside the fluidized bed 1 and are evenly distributed in an array; The bracket 31 in the focusing device 3 is a structural component for fixing and supporting the focusing lens 32. The bracket 31 is arranged in an area such as Figure 1The Y direction shown surrounds the heat absorbing section 21 to ensure that the light path of the condenser lens 32 accurately covers the heat absorbing portion of each heat collecting tube 2; The concentrator 32 is an optical device, such as a heliostat or a reflector, which concentrates solar radiation energy to the heat absorption section 21 of the heat collecting tube 2 through the principle of refraction or reflection, thereby achieving directional conversion of light energy into heat energy. In this embodiment, the light refracted or reflected by the condenser 32 is sunlight. Figure 1 The X direction shown surrounds the irradiation heat absorbing section 21; In this embodiment, the concentrating device 3 is provided to enhance light collection accuracy and energy efficiency. The area enclosed by multiple brackets 31 precisely surrounds the heat absorbing section 21. Combined with the concentrating mirror 32 fixed to the brackets 31, this ensures that solar radiation energy is highly focused and directed to the heat absorbing section 21, minimizing light energy loss and maintaining efficient heat collection, especially under low-radiation conditions. The compact layout of the concentrating device 3 in this embodiment allows for flexible adaptation to varying illumination angles and intensities, improving system stability under complex lighting conditions.

[0061] In this embodiment, the concentrating device 3 further includes a tracking device that can adjust the angle of the mirror in real time to ensure the most efficient solar energy collection.

[0062] The tracking device includes a light-sensitive sensor, a controller, a driving mechanism and a supporting structure; The tracking device is rigidly connected to the bracket 31 of the focusing device 3 through a supporting structure, and the driving mechanism directly acts on the rotation axis or pitch joint of the bracket 31. The focusing lens 32 is fixed to the bracket 31 and changes its angle synchronously with the horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment of the bracket 31 to ensure that the light path is always focused on the heat absorption section 21 of each heat collecting tube 2. The controller and sensor are embedded in the bracket 31 or near the condenser 32 to form a closed-loop feedback system to achieve precise dynamic tracking.

[0063] Among them, a light-sensitive sensor (such as a photodiode array) is used to detect the sun's position in real time and generate an azimuth signal; The controller (such as a PLC or embedded system) is used to receive the orientation signal sent by the photosensor, calculate the optimal condenser lens 32 angle, and send instructions to the driving mechanism; The driving mechanism is a horizontal rotation motor or a pitch adjustment motor, which is used to control the horizontal azimuth angle of the focusing device 3 or adjust the vertical tilt angle of the focusing mirror 32 to match the solar altitude angle; The supporting structure is a rigid bracket 31 and bearings, which ensure the stable operation of the driving mechanism and bear the weight of the condenser 32.

[0064] The tracking device can be configured with existing automatic photovoltaic tracking technology. The automatic tracking technology will automatically track the position of the sun to ensure that as much light as possible enters the heat collecting tube 2. This is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0065] In this embodiment, a tracking device is installed to track the sun's position in real time and dynamically adjust the angle of the concentrator 32, ensuring that solar radiation energy is always collected along the optimal path to the heat absorption section 21 of each collector tube 2. This significantly increases energy input density, particularly during periods of twilight or seasonal changes, compensating for the light energy loss of traditional fixed concentrators 3. Automatic tracking technology, combined with the fluidized bed 1 thermal storage system, enables continuous and efficient operation even in low-radiation conditions (such as cloudy skies and low light), ensuring dynamic energy output.

[0066] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the system further includes a heat exchanger 4, and the heat exchanger 4 is arranged on the air inlet duct 141; The air inlet end of the heat exchanger 4 is located on a side close to the fan 14, and the air outlet end of the heat exchanger 4 is located on a side close to the fluidized bed 1; The fluidized bed 1 includes a tail gas outlet 16, which is located on the side of the heat release section 23 away from the heat insulation section 22, and is connected to the interior of the heat exchanger 4 through a gas recovery pipe 161; The tail gas outlet 16 is configured to discharge the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed 1; The heat exchanger 4 is configured to perform heat exchange between the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet 16 and the fluidizing gas blown by the fan 14 , and to transport the fluidizing gas after heat exchange to the fluidized bed 1 .

[0067] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 4 allows the fluidizing gas discharged from the exhaust outlet 16 to indirectly contact and transfer heat with the fluidizing gas blown out by the fan 14 through a physically isolated channel, thereby realizing heat energy recovery and reuse; like Figure 1 As shown, the tail gas outlet 16 is an opening connected to the heat release section 23 of the fluidized bed 1 in the Y direction, and is used to discharge the high-temperature fluidizing gas that has completed heat exchange to avoid gas accumulation in the system; The gas recovery pipe 161 is a pipe connecting the tail gas outlet 16 and the heat exchanger 4, and is used to transport the high-temperature tail gas to the heat exchanger 4 for heat energy recovery; The air inlet and outlet are the air flow inlet (near the fan 14) and outlet (near the fluidized bed 1) of the heat exchanger 4, which are used to receive low-temperature fluidizing gas and output preheated fluidizing gas respectively. like Figure 1 As shown, the heat exchanger 4 is provided with an exhaust port, which is used to discharge the gas after heat exchange with the high-temperature fluidizing gas.

[0068] During specific implementation, the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed 1 is heated and discharged into the gas recovery pipe along the tail gas outlet 16, and the fluidizing gas enters the heat exchanger 4 along the gas recovery pipe; at the same time, the fan 14 is used to blow the low-temperature fluidizing gas into the heat exchanger 4, so that the high-temperature fluidizing gas preheats the low-temperature fluidizing gas. The temperature of the preheated fluidizing gas is 200°C-400°C, which can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the fluidizing gas and enhance the heat exchange effect in the fluidized bed 1; the preheated fluidizing gas then enters the fluidized bed 1 along the air inlet 15 to achieve heat recovery.

[0069] In this embodiment, heat exchanger 4 is provided, allowing high-temperature fluidizing gas discharged from exhaust outlet 16 to enter heat exchanger 4 through gas recovery pipe 161. There, heat is exchanged with low-temperature fluidizing gas blown by fan 14, preheating the low-temperature fluidizing gas before it is reintroduced into fluidized bed 1. This embodiment utilizes the waste heat recovered by heat exchanger 4 to preheat the fluidizing gas, ensuring a stable temperature of the gas entering fluidized bed 1. This prevents uneven particle fluidization or localized temperature drops caused by the impact of cold airflow, thereby enhancing the system's operational reliability in the high-temperature range of 500°C to 1200°C.

[0070] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the system further includes a separator 5; The separator 5 is arranged on the gas recovery pipeline 161; The separator 5 is configured to filter the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet 16 , and the filtered fluidizing gas is transported to the heat exchanger 4 along the gas recovery pipe 161 .

[0071] In this embodiment, the separator 5 is a cyclone separator or a filter, which removes solid particles or impurities entrained in the fluidizing gas through physical separation (centrifugal force, filter screen, etc.) to ensure gas cleanliness; The gas recovery pipe 161 is a closed pipe connecting the tail gas outlet 16 and the heat exchanger 4, and is used to transport the filtered high-temperature fluidizing gas to the heat exchanger 4 for heat energy recovery and reuse; The filtered fluidized gas is the gas purified by the separator 5 , does not contain heat carrier particles or other impurities, and can directly participate in the heat energy transfer process of the heat exchanger 4 .

[0072] During specific implementation, the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed 1 is heated and discharged into the separator 5 along the tail gas outlet 16. After solid-gas separation, filtered fluidizing gas is obtained, and the gas enters the heat exchanger 4 along the gas recovery pipe. At the same time, the low-temperature fluidizing gas is blown into the heat exchanger 4 by the fan 14, so that the filtered high-temperature fluidizing gas preheats the low-temperature fluidizing gas. The temperature of the preheated fluidizing gas is 200°C-400°C. The preheated fluidizing gas then enters the fluidized bed 1 along the air inlet 15 to achieve heat recovery.

[0073] In this embodiment, separator 5 is provided to efficiently remove heat carrier particles and impurities from the fluidizing gas discharged from fluidized bed 1, preventing them from entering heat exchanger 4 and causing blockage or wear. This extends the service life of heat exchanger 4 and the piping, and reduces maintenance costs. The filtered fluidizing gas is highly pure, and the thermal resistance is reduced during heat exchange with the low-temperature fluidizing gas in heat exchanger 4, thereby improving waste heat recovery.

[0074] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the separator 5 is provided with a discharge pipe 51; One end of the discharge pipe 51 away from the separator 5 is connected to the feed port 11; The discharge pipe 51 is configured to return the remaining particles after filtration to the fluidized bed 1 .

[0075] In this embodiment, the separator 5 is a gas purification device; for example, a cyclone separator, which removes heat carrier particles or impurities entrained in the fluidized gas through physical separation (centrifugal force, filtration, etc.) to ensure gas cleanliness; The discharge pipe 51 is a pipe connecting the separator 5 and the feed port 11 of the fluidized bed 1, and is used to transport the heat carrier particles trapped by the separator 5 back to the fluidized bed 1 for recycling; The filtered particles are heat carrier particles separated from the fluidizing gas by the separator 5 .

[0076] During specific implementation, the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed 1 is heated and discharged into the separator 5 along the tail gas outlet 16. After solid-gas separation, filtered fluidizing gas and remaining heat carrier particles are obtained. The gas is sent to the heat exchanger 4 along the gas recovery pipe; at the same time, the remaining heat carrier particles are returned to the fluidized bed 1 along the discharge pipe 51 for recycling.

[0077] In this embodiment, a discharge pipe 51 is provided to directly transport the heat carrier particles retained by the separator 5 to the feed port 11. This prevents particle waste and reduces replenishment costs due to particle loss, significantly reducing material consumption during high-frequency operation. Furthermore, the recycling of particles helps maintain a constant particle concentration within the fluidized bed 1, preventing a decrease in fluidization efficiency due to particle loss and ensuring continuous and efficient heat exchange at high temperatures of 500°C to 1200°C.

[0078] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand this embodiment more clearly, a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system described in this embodiment will be described in detail through the following examples.

[0079] Example 1 Refer to Figure 1 The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system shown in the figure specifically includes: (1) The concentrating device 3 focuses the solar radiation heat onto the heat absorbing section 21 of each heat collecting tube 2. The heat collecting tube 2 is filled with metal tin as a phase change medium. The phase change medium absorbs solar energy and melts, storing heat energy. The heat insulating section 22 of the heat collecting tube 2 effectively isolates heat loss. (2) The heat carrier particles are alumina particles with an average particle size of 120 μm. The alumina particles are fed into the fluidized bed 1 along the feed port 11. The system adopts a continuous feeding and discharging method so that the alumina particles can continuously transfer and exchange heat. As the melting process of the phase change medium is completed, the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2 begins to transfer heat to the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1. The temperature of the heat carrier particles gradually increases and eventually reaches a heat release state of about 850 °C. (3) Through the cycle of steps (1) to (2), the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 can continuously store and release heat. The heated heat carrier particles are discharged from the fluidized bed 1 along the discharge port 12, providing continuous heat energy support for external equipment or power generation systems.

[0080] When the system is running, the temperature fluctuation range of the heat carrier particles is controlled within ±20 ℃ to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0081] Example 2 Refer to Figure 1 The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system shown in the figure specifically includes: (1) The concentrating mirror 32 focuses the solar radiation heat onto the heat absorbing section 21 of each heat collecting tube 2. The heat collecting tube 2 is filled with metal tin as a phase change medium. The phase change medium absorbs solar energy and melts, storing heat energy. The heat insulating section 22 of the heat collecting tube 2 cooperates with the thermal insulation layer 24 to effectively isolate heat loss. (2) The heat carrier particles are alumina particles with an average particle size of 120 μm. The alumina particles are fed into the second cavity 18 in the fluidized bed 1 along the feed port 11. The system adopts a continuous feeding and discharging method so that the alumina particles can continuously transfer and exchange heat. As the melting process of the phase change medium is completed, the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2 begins to transfer heat to the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1. At the same time, the fan 14 is started. The fan 14 transports the fluidizing gas along the air inlet 15 into the first cavity 17. The fluidizing gas is evenly distributed into the second cavity 18 along the air vents 131 on the air distribution plate 13. The heat carrier particles flow and circulate in the fluidized bed 1 through the fluidizing gas, carrying the stored heat. The apparent velocity of the fluidizing gas is set to 0.1 m / s. During this process, the temperature at the feed port 11 is 250 °C. The heat carrier particles are continuously heated by contact with the fluidizing gas. The temperature of the heat carrier particles gradually increases and eventually reaches 850 °C. Exothermic state around ℃; (3) The fluidized gas heated in the second chamber 18 of the fluidized bed 1 flows into the gas recovery pipe 161 along the tail gas outlet 16, and then enters the separator 5 for gas-solid separation. The filtered fluidized gas then enters the heat exchanger 4 through the gas recovery pipe. At the same time, the fan 14 blows the low-temperature fluidized gas to the heat exchanger 4, so that the filtered fluidized gas is preheated to the low-temperature fluidized gas. The preheating temperature of the fluidized gas is 280°C. The preheated fluidized gas then enters the first chamber 17 along the air inlet 15, and continues with step (2). (4) Through the cycle of steps (1) to (3), the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 can continuously store and release heat. The heated heat carrier particles are discharged from the fluidized bed 1 along the discharge port 12, providing continuous heat energy support for external equipment or power generation systems.

[0082] When the system is running, the temperature fluctuation range of the heat carrier particles is controlled within ±20 ℃ to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0083] Example 3 Refer to Figure 1 The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system shown in the figure specifically includes: (1) The concentrating mirror 32 focuses the solar radiation heat onto the heat absorbing section 21 of each heat collecting tube 2. Magnesium chloride and potassium chloride are filled in the heat collecting tube 2 as phase change medium. The phase change medium absorbs solar energy and melts, storing heat energy. The heat insulating section 22 of the heat collecting tube 2 cooperates with the thermal insulation layer 24 to effectively isolate heat loss. (2) The heat carrier particles are silica particles with an average particle size of 150 μm. The silica particles are fed into the second cavity 18 in the fluidized bed 1 along the feed port 11. The system adopts a continuous feeding and discharging method so that the silica particles can continuously transfer and exchange heat. As the melting process of the phase change medium is completed, the heat release section 23 of the heat collecting pipe 2 begins to transfer heat to the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1. At the same time, the fan 14 is started. The fan 14 transports the fluidizing gas along the air inlet 15 to the first cavity 17. The fluidizing gas is evenly distributed to the second cavity 18 along the air vents 131 on the air distribution plate 13. The heat carrier particles circulate in the fluidized bed 1 through the fluidizing gas, carrying the stored heat. The apparent gas velocity of the fluidizing gas is set to 0.15 m / s. During this process, the temperature at the feed port 11 is 300 ℃, the heat carrier particles continue to heat up through contact with the fluidizing gas, the temperature of the heat carrier particles gradually increases, and finally reaches an exothermic state of about 700 ℃; (3) The fluidized gas heated in the second chamber 18 of the fluidized bed 1 flows into the gas recovery pipe 161 along the tail gas outlet 16, and then enters the separator 5 for gas-solid separation. The filtered fluidized gas then enters the heat exchanger 4 through the gas recovery pipe. At the same time, the fan 14 blows the low-temperature fluidized gas to the heat exchanger 4, so that the filtered fluidized gas is preheated to the low-temperature fluidized gas. The preheating temperature of the fluidized gas is 200 °C. The preheated fluidized gas then enters the first chamber 17 along the air inlet 15, and continues with step (2). (4) Through the cycle of steps (1) to (3), the heat carrier particles in the fluidized bed 1 can continuously store and release heat. The heated heat carrier particles are discharged from the fluidized bed 1 along the discharge port 12, providing continuous heat energy support for external equipment or power generation systems.

[0084] When the system is running, the temperature fluctuation range of the heat carrier particles is controlled within ±30 ℃ to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0085] In summary, this embodiment relates to a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system, which is mainly used for solar thermal utilization. The system includes a concentrating device, a heat collecting tube and a fluidized bed. The heat collecting tube adopts a sealed vertical heat exchange tube bundle, which is divided into a heat absorption section, a heat insulation section and a heat release section. The interior is filled with a phase change medium for efficient heat storage and heat transfer. The fluidized bed is filled with heat carrier particles, which perform rapid heat exchange through direct contact with the heat release section of the heat collecting tube. The fluidized bed technology is used to achieve the characteristics of fast heat transfer, uniform heat distribution and high operational flexibility, and adapt to different light intensity conditions. The overall design of the system is compact, the heat loss is small, and it has efficient and stable heat utilization performance. It can be widely used in fields such as solar thermal power generation and solar thermochemistry.

[0086] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0087] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they become aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to separate one entity or operation from another entity or operation segment, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the element.

[0089] The above is a detailed introduction to a heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, based on the ideas of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system, characterized in that: The system comprises: A fluidized bed (1), a plurality of heat collecting tubes (2), and a plurality of light concentrating devices (3); The fluidized bed (1) comprises a feed port (11) and a discharge port (12), wherein the feed port (11) is located above the discharge port (12), and the fluidized bed (1) comprises heat carrier particles; A plurality of light focusing devices (3) are located outside the fluidized bed (1) and on one side of the discharge port (12); Each of the heat collecting tubes (2) comprises a heat absorbing section (21), a heat insulating section (22) and a heat releasing section (23); in the direction from the feed port (11) toward the discharge port (12), the heat absorbing section (21) is located outside the fluidized bed (1), the heat insulating section (22) and the heat releasing section (23) are located inside the fluidized bed (1), and each of the heat collecting tubes (2) is filled with a phase change medium; and the heat absorbing section (21) of each of the heat collecting tubes (2) is located within an area surrounded by a plurality of the light concentrating devices (3); The concentrating device (3) is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it into the heat absorption section (21); The heat collecting pipe (2) is configured to absorb the solar radiation heat energy through the phase change medium in the heat absorbing section (21) to cause the phase change medium to undergo phase change, thereby obtaining a first high-temperature medium; the first high-temperature medium is kept warm in the heat insulating section (22); the heat energy stored in the first high-temperature medium is released in the heat releasing section (23); and the first high-temperature medium after heat release flows back to the heat absorbing section (21); The fluidized bed (1) is configured to feed the heat carrier particles into the fluidized bed (1) through the feed port (11), so that the heat carrier particles contact and exchange heat with the heat release section (23) to obtain the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C, and discharge the heat carrier particles with a temperature of 500°C-1200°C through the discharge port (12).

2. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the plurality of heat collecting tubes (2) at any height is the same, and the spacing is 10 cm to 30 cm.

3. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed (1) includes a first cavity (17) and a second cavity (18); In each of the heat collecting tubes (2), the heat insulating section (22) is located in the first cavity (17), the heat releasing section (23) is located in the second cavity (18), and the feed port (11) is in communication with the interior of the second cavity (18); The wall of the heat collecting tube (2) corresponding to the heat insulating section (22) located in the first cavity (17) is wrapped with a heat insulation layer (24).

4. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed (1) further comprises an air distribution plate (13) and a fan (14); The air distribution plate (13) is connected to the inner wall of the fluidized bed (1) and is located at the boundary between the heat insulation section (22) and the heat release section (23). A plurality of ventilation holes (131) are provided on the air distribution plate (13); The heat carrier particles are loaded on a side of the air distribution plate (13) facing the heat release section (23), and the discharge port (12) is located above the air distribution plate (13); An air inlet (15) is provided at the decomposition point of the heat-insulating section (22) and the heat-absorbing section (21) on the fluidized bed (1), and the fan (14) is connected to the air inlet (15) through an air inlet duct (141); The fan (14) is configured to blow fluidizing gas toward the side of the air distribution plate (13) toward the insulation section (22) through the air inlet (15); the fluidizing gas flows out along the air vents (131) on the air distribution plate (13), driving the heat carrier particles to flow.

5. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system further comprises a heat exchanger (4), wherein the heat exchanger (4) is arranged on the air inlet duct (141); The air inlet end of the heat exchanger (4) is located on a side close to the fan (14), and the air outlet end of the heat exchanger (4) is located on a side close to the fluidized bed (1); The fluidized bed (1) includes a tail gas outlet (16), the tail gas outlet (16) is located on a side of the heat release section (23) away from the heat insulation section (22), and the tail gas outlet (16) is connected to the interior of the heat exchanger (4) through a gas recovery pipe (161); The tail gas outlet (16) is configured to discharge the fluidizing gas in the fluidized bed (1); The heat exchanger (4) is configured to perform heat exchange between the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet (16) and the fluidizing gas blown by the fan (14), and to transport the fluidizing gas after heat exchange to the fluidized bed (1).

6. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system further comprises a separator (5); The separator (5) is arranged on the gas recovery pipeline (161); The separator (5) is configured to filter the fluidizing gas discharged from the tail gas outlet (16), and the filtered fluidizing gas is transported to the heat exchanger (4) along the gas recovery pipe (161).

7. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The separator (5) is provided with a discharge pipe (51); One end of the discharge pipe (51) away from the separator (5) is in communication with the feed port (11); The discharge pipe (51) is configured to return the particles remaining after filtration to the fluidized bed (1).

8. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material includes at least one of metal and molten salt.

9. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat carrier particles are selected from at least one of alumina, quartz sand or metal particles; The particle size of the heat carrier particles is no greater than 300 μm.

10. The heat pipe fluidized bed particle heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-collecting device (3) comprises a bracket (31) and a light-collecting lens (32); The bracket (31) is arranged on a side close to the heat absorbing section (21), and an area enclosed by a plurality of the brackets (31) surrounds a plurality of the heat absorbing sections (21); The condenser lens (32) is fixed to a side of the bracket (31) facing the heat absorption section (21); The concentrating mirror (32) is configured to collect solar radiation heat energy and collect it to the heat absorption section (21).

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