High-precision seismic signal enhancement method and device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method and device and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining original seismic data, constructing a quadratic equation representing a seismic signal wavefront travel time rule, carrying out the solving based on the original seismic data and the quadratic equation, so as to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data, and filtering the original seismic data based on the seismic signal wavefront travel time to obtain an enhanced seismic signal. The method is suitable for enhancing the seismic signal with a certain curvature in the wave front, compared with an existing seismic signal enhancement technology, the seismic signal prediction precision is improved, loss of effective information in the seismic signal enhancement process can be effectively reduced, and therefore high-precision seismic signal enhancement is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and in particular to a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, device and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Seismic data is often contaminated by noise. This unwanted noise disrupts the continuity of the data and obscures valid information. Furthermore, many subsequent processing tasks involving seismic data, such as seismic attribute analysis, amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis, and automated interpretation, are negatively impacted by noise. Therefore, improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic data to enhance the effective information in the data is crucial for improving seismic exploration efficiency.

[0003] Denoising methods based on underground geological information and the physical laws of seismic waves can enhance the effective signal by predicting the effective signal or interfering noise. Existing seismic signal enhancement methods generally assume that seismic waves are plane waves. However, these plane wave-based methods are only suitable for enhancing seismic signals with significant local linear characteristics of the event axis and are difficult to effectively fit seismic signals with curved wavefronts. In such cases, the inability to accurately predict effective seismic information leads to loss of effective information during the seismic signal enhancement process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, device and electronic equipment to alleviate the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing seismic signal enhancement technology.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, comprising: acquiring original seismic data; constructing a quadratic equation that characterizes the travel time law of the seismic signal wavefront; solving the equation based on the original seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront of the original seismic data; filtering the original seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

[0006] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement device, including: an acquisition module for acquiring original seismic data; a construction module for constructing a quadratic equation that characterizes the travel time law of the seismic signal wavefront; a solution module for solving based on the original seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data; and a filtering module for filtering the original seismic data based on the seismic signal wavefront travel time to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

[0007] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the high-precision seismic signal enhancement method described in the first aspect above.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention provide a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, device, and electronic device. These methods acquire raw seismic data, construct a quadratic equation representing the travel time pattern of the seismic signal wavefront, solve the equation based on the raw seismic data and the quadratic equation, and filter the raw seismic data based on the travel time to obtain an enhanced seismic signal. This technology is suitable for enhancing seismic signals with a wavefront having a certain curvature. Compared to existing seismic signal enhancement technologies, this technology improves the accuracy of seismic signal prediction and can effectively reduce the loss of effective information during the seismic signal enhancement process, thereby achieving high-precision seismic signal enhancement.

[0009] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0010] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a flow chart of a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an example flow chart of achieving high-precision seismic signal enhancement in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision seismic signal enhancement device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Existing seismic signal enhancement methods generally assume that seismic waves are plane waves. However, these methods are only suitable for enhancing seismic signals with significant local linear characteristics of the event axis, making it difficult to effectively fit seismic signals with curved wavefronts. This inability to accurately predict effective seismic information in such cases results in loss of effective information during the seismic signal enhancement process. Therefore, the present invention provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, device, and electronic device that can alleviate the aforementioned problems in existing seismic signal enhancement technologies.

[0015] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention is first described in detail. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps: Step S102: Acquire original seismic data.

[0016] Among them, the original seismic data can be two-dimensional data with time as the vertical coordinate and channel number as the horizontal coordinate, such as two-dimensional common offset data (i.e., data obtained through common offset processing technology), etc. The acquisition method and data type of the original seismic data are not limited here.

[0017] Step S104: construct a quadratic equation that characterizes the travel time law of the seismic signal wavefront.

[0018] When constructing a quadratic equation, the coefficients of the quadratic equation are unknown, and it is necessary to solve the coefficients of the quadratic equation in order to more accurately characterize the travel time pattern of the seismic signal wavefront.

[0019] Step S106 , solving the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

[0020] The original seismic data can be directly substituted into the quadratic equation for solution, or the quadratic equation can be processed and then the original seismic data can be substituted into the processed equation for solution, thereby obtaining the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

[0021] Step S108: filtering the original seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

[0022] The filtering may be performed by sliding mean filtering, median filtering, etc., and the filtering method is not limited here.

[0023] After obtaining the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data, the original seismic data can be filtered along the obtained seismic signal wavefront travel time to achieve seismic signal enhancement, thereby obtaining an enhanced seismic signal.

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement method. This method obtains raw seismic data, constructs a quadratic equation representing the travel time pattern of the seismic signal wavefront, solves the equation based on the raw seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront of the raw seismic data, and filters the raw seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal. This method is suitable for enhancing seismic signals with a certain curvature of the wavefront. Compared to existing seismic signal enhancement technologies, it improves the accuracy of seismic signal prediction and can effectively reduce the loss of effective information during the seismic signal enhancement process, thereby achieving high-precision seismic signal enhancement.

[0025] As a possible implementation, the original seismic data may be two-dimensional data with time as the vertical axis and channel number as the horizontal axis; for example, the two-dimensional seismic data Extracted as raw seismic data, x Indicates the channel number of the earthquake record, t Indicates the recording time sample point number, x and t The sampling interval is 1. Based on this, it can be assumed that the travel time law of the seismic signal wavefront satisfies the quadratic equation, and the expression of the quadratic equation can be:

[0026] in, t For time, x For the Dao name, a 、 b and c are the coefficients of the quadratic equation; For the same wave front, whose amplitude is constant, the quadratic equation needs to satisfy the following constraint equation:

[0027] in, P is the amplitude, C is a constant.

[0028] As a possible implementation, the above step S106 (i.e., solving the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data) may include: Step A1: Calculate the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative of the constraint equation respectively.

[0029] Continuing from the previous example, we can Calculate the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative respectively, then the result of the first-order derivative of the constraint equation can be:

[0030] The result of finding the second-order derivative of the constraint equation can be: .

[0031] Step A2: Solve the coefficients of the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data and the first-order derivative results and the second-order derivative results of the constraint equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

[0032] Illustratively, the above step A2 may include the following steps A21 to A24: In step A21, the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative of the constraint equation are combined to obtain a system of simultaneous equations.

[0033] Continuing from the previous example, we can find the first-order derivative of the constraint equation And the result of second-order derivative Combine them into a system of equations as a system of simultaneous equations.

[0034] Step A22: Solve the system of simultaneous equations to obtain a system of partial differential equations.

[0035] Continuing from the previous example, we can solve the system of simultaneous equations obtained in step A21 to obtain and These two partial differential equations (that is, the expressions of the coefficients of the quadratic equation) form a system of partial differential equations.

[0036] Step A23: Based on the original seismic data, the differential method is used to solve the partial differential part of the partial differential equation system to obtain the coefficient value of the quadratic equation.

[0037] Continuing from the previous example, we can use the original seismic data , use the difference method to solve the partial differential equations obtained in step A22 to obtain the partial differential terms of the partial differential equations:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] In this formula, 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Equivalent to 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Substitute the obtained partial differential terms into the partial differential equations obtained in step A22 to obtain the coefficients of the quadratic equation a and b respective values.

[0043] Step A24: Determine the wavefront travel time of the seismic signal of the original seismic data based on the quadratic equation and the obtained coefficient values.

[0044] Continuing with the previous example, we can use the quadratic equation and its coefficient a and b The respective values are sorted to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data :

[0045] in, i is the change value of the road number, i Take the integer.

[0046] As a possible implementation, the filtering in the above step S108 (i.e., filtering the original seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain the enhanced seismic signal) may be a sliding mean filter or a median filter.

[0047] Continuing from the previous example, you can set the filter window radius k , along the front of the seismic signal wave The original seismic data Perform sliding mean filtering to enhance the seismic signal, and the enhanced seismic signal It can be expressed as: .

[0048] For ease of understanding, the process of achieving high-precision seismic signal enhancement using the above-mentioned high-precision seismic signal enhancement method is described below by taking a specific application as an example.

[0049] See also Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2, the high-precision seismic signal enhancement process mainly includes the following steps: The first step is to read the earthquake data.

[0050] Reading earthquake data , is 2D post-stack data (such as 2D common offset data), x Indicates the channel number of the earthquake record, t Indicates the recording time sample point number, x and t The sampling interval is 1.

[0051] The second step is to construct the travel time pattern of the earthquake signal wave front.

[0052] The plane wave assumption is often used to enhance seismic signals with good local linear characteristics. To address the problem of seismic signal enhancement with poor local linear characteristics, it can be assumed that the travel time of the seismic signal wave front is a quadratic equation: (1) In formula (1), a 、 b and c are the three coefficients of the quadratic equation.

[0053] For the same wave front, its amplitude is constant, that is: (2) In formula (2), P is the amplitude, C is a constant.

[0054] The third step is to calculate the travel time of the earthquake signal wave front.

[0055] By taking the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative of formula (2), we can obtain: (3) Solving equation (3), we can get: (4) The partial differential part in formula (4) can be obtained by difference method: (5) In formula (5), 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Equivalent to 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 .

[0056] Substituting equation (5) into equation (4) we can get the coefficients of the quadratic equation: a and b .

[0057] Finding the coefficients of the quadratic equation a and b Then, from formula (1), we can get: (6) Formula (6) can express the travel time of the earthquake signal wavefront: .

[0058] The fourth step is to enhance the seismic signal by using the wavefront travel time.

[0059] When walking along the obtained wavefront Seismic data The seismic signal can be enhanced by sliding mean filtering. The enhanced seismic signal It can be expressed as: (7) In formula (7), k Indicates the filter window radius.

[0060] The advantages of the above high-precision seismic signal enhancement method are: Traditional seismic signal enhancement methods based on the plane wave assumption are difficult to effectively fit seismic signals with curved wavefronts. The above-mentioned high-precision seismic signal enhancement method constructs a quadratic equation form of the wavefront travel time, which is suitable for seismic signal enhancement with a certain curvature of the wavefront. The accuracy of seismic signal prediction is higher, which can effectively reduce the loss of effective information during the signal enhancement process and achieve high-precision seismic signal enhancement.

[0061] Based on the above high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement device, see Figure 3 As shown, the device may include: The acquisition module 302 is used to acquire original seismic data.

[0062] The construction module 304 is used to construct a quadratic equation that characterizes the travel time law of the seismic signal wave front.

[0063] The solution module 306 is configured to perform a solution based on the original seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

[0064] The filtering module 308 is configured to filter the raw seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-precision seismic signal enhancement device that acquires raw seismic data, constructs a quadratic equation representing the travel time pattern of the seismic signal wavefront, solves the equation based on the raw seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront, and then filters the raw seismic data based on the travel time to obtain an enhanced seismic signal. This device is suitable for enhancing seismic signals with a certain curvature of the wavefront. Compared to existing seismic signal enhancement technologies, it improves the accuracy of seismic signal prediction and effectively reduces the loss of effective information during the seismic signal enhancement process, thereby achieving high-precision seismic signal enhancement.

[0066] The above raw seismic data can be two-dimensional data with time as the vertical axis and track number as the horizontal axis; based on this, the expression of the above quadratic equation can be: ;in, t For time, x For the Dao name, a 、 b and c are the coefficients of the quadratic equation; the quadratic equation can satisfy the following constraint equation: ;in, P is the amplitude, C is a constant.

[0067] The above-mentioned solution module 306 can also be used to: calculate the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative of the constraint equation respectively; solve the coefficients of the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data and the first-order derivative results and the second-order derivative results of the constraint equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

[0068] The above-mentioned solution module 306 can also be used to: combine the first-order derivative results and the second-order derivative results of the constraint equation to obtain a set of simultaneous equations; solve the set of simultaneous equations to obtain a set of partial differential equations; based on the original seismic data, use the difference method to solve the partial differential part of the set of partial differential equations to obtain the coefficient value of the quadratic equation; based on the quadratic equation and the obtained coefficient value, determine the front travel time of the seismic signal wave of the original seismic data.

[0069] The first-order derivative of the above constraint equation can be obtained as follows:

[0070] The second-order derivative of the above constraint equation can be obtained as follows: .

[0071] The expression of the partial differential part in the above partial differential equations can be:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] .

[0076] The expression of the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the above raw seismic data can be: ;in, is the travel time of the earthquake signal wave. i is the change value of the road number, i Take the integer.

[0077] The above filtering can be a sliding mean filtering; based on this, the enhanced seismic signal expression can be: ;in, is the enhanced seismic signal, k is the filter window radius.

[0078] The high-precision seismic signal enhancement device provided in the embodiment of the present invention has the same implementation principle and technical effects as those in the aforementioned high-precision seismic signal enhancement method embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in the embodiment of the high-precision seismic signal enhancement device, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the aforementioned high-precision seismic signal enhancement method embodiment.

[0079] The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, such as Figure 4 As shown, it is a structural diagram of the electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes a processor 41 and a memory 40, the memory 40 stores computer executable instructions that can be executed by the processor 41, and the processor 41 executes the computer executable instructions to implement the above-mentioned high-precision seismic signal enhancement method.

[0080] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic device further includes a bus 42 and a communication interface 43 , wherein the processor 41 , the communication interface 43 and the memory 40 are connected via the bus 42 .

[0081] Among them, the memory 40 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk storage. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is realized through at least one communication interface 43 (which can be wired or wireless), and the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. can be used. The bus 42 can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. The bus 42 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 Only one bidirectional arrow is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0082] Processor 41 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method may be performed by hardware integrated logic circuits or software instructions in processor 41. The above processor 41 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented and executed by a hardware decoding processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a storage medium well-known in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor 41 reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the high-precision seismic signal enhancement method of the above embodiment in combination with its hardware.

[0083] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative steps, numerical expressions and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0084] If the functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage media include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0085] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes, or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-precision seismic signal enhancement method, characterized in that: include: Obtain raw seismic data; Construct a quadratic equation to characterize the travel time pattern of the seismic signal wavefront; Solving the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data; The original seismic data is filtered based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

2. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The original seismic data is two-dimensional data with time as the vertical axis and track number as the horizontal axis; The expression of the quadratic equation is: in, t For time, x For the Dao name, a 、 b and c are the coefficients of the quadratic equation; The quadratic equation satisfies the following constraint equations: in, P is the amplitude, C is a constant.

3. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Solving the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data includes: respectively calculating the first-order derivative and the second-order derivative of the constraint equation; Based on the original seismic data and the first-order derivative results and the second-order derivative results of the constraint equation, the coefficients of the quadratic equation are solved to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data.

4. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Solving the coefficients of the quadratic equation based on the original seismic data and the first-order derivative results and the second-order derivative results of the constraint equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data includes: The first-order derivative result and the second-order derivative result of the constraint equation are combined to obtain a system of simultaneous equations; Solving the system of simultaneous equations to obtain a system of partial differential equations; Solving the partial differential part of the partial differential equations using a difference method based on the original seismic data to obtain coefficient values of the quadratic equation; Based on the quadratic equation and the obtained coefficient values, the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data is determined.

5. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The result of finding the first-order derivative of the constraint equation is: The second-order derivative of the constraint equation is: 。 6. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expression of the partial differential part in the partial differential equation system is: 。 7. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data is: in, is the travel time of the earthquake signal wave. i is the change value of the road number, i Take the integer.

8. The high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filtering is a sliding mean filtering; the enhanced seismic signal expression is: in, is the enhanced seismic signal, k is the window radius of the filtering.

9. A high-precision seismic signal enhancement device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to obtain raw seismic data; A construction module for constructing a quadratic equation that characterizes the travel time law of the seismic signal wave front; A solution module, configured to solve the original seismic data and the quadratic equation to obtain the seismic signal wavefront travel time of the original seismic data; The filtering module is used to filter the original seismic data based on the travel time of the seismic signal wavefront to obtain an enhanced seismic signal.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the high-precision seismic signal enhancement method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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