Superconducting quantum measurement and control system and related equipment and system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a superconducting quantum measurement and control system and related equipment and system. In the system, a trigger distribution unit is connected with at least one quantum analysis unit and at least one emission unit and is used for dividing a trigger signal into multiple paths of synchronous trigger signals; the clock distribution unit is connected with the at least one quantum analysis unit and the at least one transmitting unit and is used for dividing a first clock signal into multiple paths of synchronous first clock signals; the transmitting unit is used for receiving measurement and control signal waveform parameter information of the upper computer, generating a measurement and control signal after receiving the trigger signal and transmitting the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor; the quantum analysis unit is used for receiving read-in signal waveform parameter information of the upper computer, generating a read-in signal after receiving the trigger signal, transmitting the read-in signal to a resonant cavity in the quantum processor, receiving a read-out signal output by the quantum processor, carrying out data processing on the read-out signal, and sending the processed read-out signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor; and a quantum calculation result obtained by processing is returned to the upper computer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and in particular to a superconducting quantum measurement and control system and related equipment and systems. Background Art

[0002] Quantum computers primarily consist of a quantum processor, a quantum measurement and control system, and quantum software algorithms. A quantum processor is composed of a series of quantum bits (qubits), which perform calculations through quantum gates. A qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information. Unlike classical computers, which can only represent either 0 or 1, a qubit can simultaneously represent two states: 0 and 1. This property, known as quantum superposition, enables more powerful computing performance. Increasing the number of qubits can exponentially improve the performance of a quantum computer.

[0003] The quantum measurement and control system is an important tool for testing, screening, performance characterization, and calibration of quantum processors. It allows users to test and calibrate quantum processors using classical experiments, supports automatic data processing and analysis, and supports user-defined experiments to test quantum processors, enabling comprehensive control and measurement of quantum processors. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to realize the measurement and control of quantum processors with different numbers of quantum bits, the utility model provides a superconducting quantum measurement and control system and related equipment and systems.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a superconducting quantum measurement and control system, comprising: at least one transmitting unit, at least one quantum analyzing unit, at least one trigger distribution unit, and at least one clock distribution unit;

[0006] The at least one quantum analysis unit and the at least one transmitting unit are used to communicate with an external host computer respectively;

[0007] The trigger distribution unit is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units and at least one of the transmitting units, and is used to divide a trigger signal into synchronized multiple trigger signals, and output the multiple trigger signals to the quantum analysis unit and the transmitting unit connected to the trigger distribution unit;

[0008] The clock distribution unit is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units and at least one of the transmission units, and is configured to divide a first clock signal into a plurality of synchronized first clock signals, and output the plurality of first clock signals to the quantum analysis unit and the transmission unit connected to the clock distribution unit;

[0009] The transmitting unit is configured to receive measurement and control signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a measurement and control signal and transmit the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor, so as to cause the quantum bits in the quantum processor to oscillate between a ground state and an excited state, thereby realizing various quantum logic gates;

[0010] The quantum analysis unit is configured to receive the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read-in signal and transmit the read-in signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor, receive a read-out signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the read-out signal, and return the processed quantum calculation result to the host computer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information includes radio frequency waveform parameter information and intermediate frequency waveform parameter information;

[0012] The measurement and control signal includes a quantum bit drive signal and a quantum bit frequency modulation signal;

[0013] The transmitting unit includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit; wherein:

[0014] The RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to receive RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the qubit driving signal according to the RF waveform parameter information, and send the qubit driving signal to the quantum processor;

[0015] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the quantum bit frequency modulation signal according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, and send the quantum bit frequency modulation signal to the quantum processor.

[0016] In one embodiment, the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit includes a first functional mainboard and at least one first mixer arranged outside the first functional mainboard; the first functional mainboard is connected to the at least one first mixer; the first functional mainboard is used to receive RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of first DC signals and at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the RF waveform parameter information, and generate a first microwave signal, wherein each pair of the first differential pulse signals and an adapted first DC signal are mixed respectively to obtain at least two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding first mixer, and the generated first microwave signal is output to the first mixer; the first mixer is used to mix the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit drive signal, and send the quantum bit drive signal to the quantum processor.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first functional mainboard includes a first carrier board and a first main control chip, a first digital-to-analog converter, a first DC generation chip, a first local oscillator microwave source, and at least one pair of first combiners arranged on the first carrier board;

[0018] The first main control chip is connected to the first digital-to-analog converter, the first DC generation chip, and the first local oscillator microwave source respectively;

[0019] The first digital-to-analog converter is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners;

[0020] The output ends of each pair of the first combiners are respectively connected to the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the corresponding first mixer, wherein the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the first mixer are used to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0021] The first DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners;

[0022] The first local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one first mixer;

[0023] The first main control chip is configured to receive radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving a trigger signal, send a first pulse signal generation instruction to the first digital-to-analog converter, send the first microwave signal generation instruction to the first local oscillator microwave source, and send a first DC generation control instruction to the first DC generation chip according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information;

[0024] The first digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the first pulse signal generation instruction;

[0025] The first DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one pair of first DC signals according to the first DC generation control instruction;

[0026] The first combiner is used to mix a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted first DC signal respectively to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output the first single-ended pulse signal to the corresponding first mixer;

[0027] The first local oscillator microwave source is used to generate at least one first microwave signal according to a first microwave signal generation instruction, and output the first microwave signal to the corresponding first mixer respectively.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first combiner comprises a first operational amplifier;

[0029] The first functional main board further includes at least one pair of first filters disposed on the first carrier board;

[0030] The first DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of first filters;

[0031] The first filter is connected to the corresponding first operational amplifier;

[0032] The first filter is configured to filter the first DC signal to obtain a filtered first DC signal;

[0033] The first operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a filtered phase-adapted first DC signal to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0034] In one embodiment, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit further includes at least one first attenuator disposed outside the first functional main board;

[0035] The first attenuator is connected to the corresponding first mixer and is used to adjust the amplitude of the quantum bit driving signal.

[0036] In one embodiment, an in-phase port and an orthogonal-phase port are provided on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity of the first mixer, and a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port are provided on the other side. The in-phase port and the orthogonal-phase port are respectively connected to the two signal output ports on the first functional mainboard to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports. The local oscillator port is used to receive the first microwave signal, so that the first mixer mixes the two received first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit driving signal and output it through the radio frequency port.

[0037] In one embodiment, the cavity of the first mixer includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip, and the components of the first mixer satisfy the following relationship:

[0038] The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port;

[0039] The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are respectively connected to the corresponding first combiner, the in-phase port is used to receive one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port is used to receive the other of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0040] The local oscillator port is connected to the first local oscillator microwave source and is used to receive the first microwave signal;

[0041] A ground hole is provided on the circuit board, and the idle pins of the IQ mixer chip are grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

[0042] In one embodiment, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit includes: a second functional mainboard; the second functional mainboard is used to receive intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by a host computer, and after receiving a trigger signal, generate at least one second DC signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals with a preset waveform according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, mix each pair of the second differential pulse signals with an adapted second DC signal, obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal, and send it to the quantum processor.

[0043] In one embodiment, the second functional main board includes a second carrier board and a second main control chip, a second DC generation chip, a second digital-to-analog converter and at least one second combiner arranged on the second carrier board;

[0044] The second main control chip is connected to the second DC generation chip and the second digital-to-analog converter respectively;

[0045] The second DC generating chip and the second digital-to-analog converter are respectively connected to each of the second combiners;

[0046] The second main control chip is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, generate a second pulse signal generation instruction to the second digital-to-analog converter, and send a second DC generation control instruction to the second DC generation chip;

[0047] The second digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of a preset waveform according to the second pulse signal generation instruction;

[0048] The second DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one second DC signal according to the second DC generation control instruction;

[0049] The second combiner is used to mix a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a matching second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0050] In one embodiment, the second combiner comprises a second operational amplifier;

[0051] The second functional main board further includes at least one second filter disposed on the second carrier board;

[0052] The second filter is connected between the second DC generating chip and the corresponding second operational amplifier;

[0053] The second filter is used to filter the second DC signal to obtain a filtered second DC signal;

[0054] The second operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a filtered, adapted second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0055] In one embodiment, the quantum analysis unit includes a radio frequency transmission subunit and a collection subunit;

[0056] The radio frequency transmitting subunit is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read signal and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor;

[0057] The acquisition subunit is used to receive a readout signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the readout signal, and return the processed quantum computing result to the host computer.

[0058] In one embodiment, the RF transmitting subunit includes a third functional mainboard and at least one second mixer arranged outside the third functional mainboard; the third functional mainboard is connected to the at least one second mixer; the third functional mainboard is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of third DC signals and at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the read signal waveform parameter information, and generate a second microwave signal, wherein each pair of the third differential pulse signals is mixed with an adapted third DC signal to obtain at least two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding second mixer, and the generated second microwave signal is output to the corresponding second mixer; the second mixer is used to mix the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the second microwave signal to obtain the read signal, and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor.

[0059] In one embodiment, the third functional main board includes a third carrier board and a third main control chip, a third digital-to-analog converter, a third DC generation chip, a second local oscillator microwave source, and at least one pair of third combiners arranged on the third carrier board;

[0060] The third main control chip is connected to the third digital-to-analog converter, the third DC generation chip, and the second local oscillator microwave source respectively;

[0061] The third digital-to-analog converter is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners;

[0062] The output ends of each pair of the third combiners are respectively connected to the corresponding in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer, wherein the in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer are used to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0063] The third DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners;

[0064] The second local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one second mixer;

[0065] The third main control chip is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, send a third pulse signal generation instruction to the third digital-to-analog converter according to the read signal waveform parameter information, send the second microwave signal generation instruction to the second local oscillator microwave source, and send a third DC generation control instruction to the third DC generation chip;

[0066] The third digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the third pulse signal generation instruction;

[0067] The third DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one pair of third DC signals according to the third DC generation control instruction;

[0068] The third combiner is used to mix a pair of the third differential pulse signals and a phase-matched third DC signal to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference, and output the third single-ended pulse signal to the corresponding second mixer;

[0069] The second local oscillator microwave source is used to generate at least one second microwave signal according to the second microwave signal generation instruction, and output the second microwave signal to the corresponding second mixer respectively.

[0070] In one embodiment, the acquisition subunit includes a fourth functional mainboard and at least one demodulator arranged outside the fourth functional mainboard; the fourth functional mainboard is connected to the at least one demodulator; the demodulator is used to receive a readout signal output from the quantum processor, and mix the readout signal with the input third microwave signal to demodulate to obtain a fourth single-ended pulse signal; the fourth functional mainboard is used to convert each of the fourth single-ended pulse signals into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals, process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals to obtain quantum measurement and control experiment results, and process the quantum measurement and control experiment results, and return the processed quantum calculation results to the host computer.

[0071] In one embodiment, the fourth functional mainboard includes a fourth carrier board and a fourth main control chip, an analog-to-digital converter, and at least one single-ended to differential converter arranged on the fourth carrier board;

[0072] The fourth main control chip, the analog-to-digital converter and each of the single-ended to differential converters are respectively connected;

[0073] Each of the single-ended to differential converters is connected to the corresponding demodulator;

[0074] The single-ended to differential converter is used to convert the fourth single-ended pulse signal into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals;

[0075] The analog-to-digital converter is used to process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals to obtain the quantum measurement and control experiment results and send them to the fourth main control chip;

[0076] The fourth main control chip is used to process the received quantum measurement and control experiment results and return the processed quantum calculation results to the host computer.

[0077] In one embodiment, the fourth functional main board further includes at least one low-frequency amplifier disposed outside the fourth carrier board;

[0078] The low-frequency amplifier is connected to the corresponding demodulator, and is used to amplify the readout signal and send the amplified signal to the demodulator.

[0079] In one embodiment, the second local oscillator microwave source is further connected to the at least one demodulator, for generating at least one third microwave signal;

[0080] or,

[0081] The fourth functional main board further includes a third local oscillator microwave source disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0082] The fourth main control chip is further configured to send a third microwave signal generation instruction to the third local oscillator microwave source;

[0083] The third local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one demodulator and is configured to generate at least one third microwave signal according to a third microwave signal generation instruction.

[0084] In one embodiment, an in-phase port and a quadrature-phase port are provided on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity of the second mixer, and a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port are provided on the other side. The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the second mixer are respectively connected to the two signal output ports on the third functional main board to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports. The local oscillator port of the second mixer is used to receive the second microwave signal, so that the second mixer mixes the two received third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received second microwave signal to obtain the read-in signal and output it through the radio frequency port.

[0085] In one embodiment, the cavity of the second mixer includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip, and the components of the second mixer satisfy the following relationship:

[0086] The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port;

[0087] The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are respectively connected to the corresponding third combiner, the in-phase port is used to receive one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port is used to receive the other of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0088] The local oscillator port is connected to the second local oscillator microwave source and is used to receive the second microwave signal;

[0089] A ground hole is provided on the circuit board, and the idle pins of the IQ mixer chip are grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

[0090] In one embodiment, the fourth functional main board further includes a trigger control pulse chip disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0091] The fourth main control chip is further used to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction of the host computer and send the trigger signal generation instruction to the trigger control pulse chip;

[0092] The trigger control pulse chip is used to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction and generate the trigger signal.

[0093] In one embodiment, the fourth functional main board further includes a synchronization signal buffer distribution chip disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0094] The fourth main control chip is further configured to receive a synchronization signal trigger instruction from the host computer and send a synchronization signal generation instruction to the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip;

[0095] The synchronization signal buffer distribution chip is used to generate a synchronization signal after receiving a synchronization signal generation instruction.

[0096] In one embodiment, the superconducting quantum measurement and control system further includes a clock switching module and a temperature-compensated clock chip; the temperature-compensated clock chip is integrated into the transmitting unit or the quantum analysis unit, and the temperature-compensated clock chip is used to generate the first clock signal;

[0097] The input end of the clock switching module is connected to the temperature-compensated clock chip and an external clock source respectively; the external clock source is used to provide the first clock signal;

[0098] The output end of the clock switching module is connected to the clock distribution unit;

[0099] The clock switching module is used to switch and input the first clock signal emitted by the temperature compensated clock chip or the clock source.

[0100] In one embodiment, the system further comprises at least one power distribution unit;

[0101] The power distribution unit is respectively connected to the at least one transmitting unit, the at least one quantum analysis unit, the at least one trigger distribution unit and the at least one clock distribution unit.

[0102] In one embodiment, the power distribution unit includes a mechanical power switch, a power filter, a self-locking key switch, a splitter, at least one power conversion module and a power output connector;

[0103] The mechanical power switch, the power filter, the splitter, the at least one power conversion module, and the power output connector are connected in sequence;

[0104] The self-locking key switch is connected between the splitter and the at least one power conversion module;

[0105] The mechanical power switch is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection with the external input power supply;

[0106] The power filter is used to filter the input AC voltage signal of the input power supply;

[0107] The self-locking key switch is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the output end of the splitter and the input end of at least one of the power conversion modules;

[0108] The splitter is used to split the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one filtered input AC voltage signal;

[0109] The power conversion module is configured to convert the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one corresponding DC voltage signal;

[0110] The power output connector is used to output each of the DC voltage signals to the corresponding quantum analysis unit, the transmitting unit, the trigger distribution unit, and the clock distribution unit.

[0111] In one embodiment, the frequency range of the qubit drive signal is 4 GHz to 6 GHz;

[0112] The frequency range of the quantum bit frequency modulation signal is 0 to 500 MHz;

[0113] The frequency range of the read signal is 6 GHz to 8 GHz.

[0114] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a superconducting quantum computer, including a quantum processor and the superconducting quantum measurement and control system as described above.

[0115] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a superconducting quantum computing system, comprising: a host computer, the above-mentioned superconducting quantum measurement and control system, and a quantum processor; the host computer and the superconducting quantum measurement and control system are communicatively connected; wherein:

[0116] The host computer is used to send measurement and control signal waveform parameter information and read signal waveform parameter information to the superconducting quantum measurement and control system, and receive quantum computing results returned by the superconducting quantum measurement and control system.

[0117] In one embodiment, the superconducting quantum computing system further includes a network communication device;

[0118] The host computer and the superconducting quantum measurement and control system are communicatively connected via the network communication device.

[0119] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present utility model include at least:

[0120] In the superconducting quantum measurement and control system provided by the present invention, the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit are capable of communicating with a host computer. Furthermore, the trigger distribution unit is connected to the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit, and the clock distribution unit is connected to the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit. When performing quantum processor measurement and control, the number of quantum analysis units, emission units, trigger distribution units, and clock distribution units can be selected according to the number of qubits. The qubits to be experimentally measured, controlled, and calculated are programmed by the host computer, and quantum processor measurement and control is achieved through communication and interaction with the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit. By expanding the number of qubits, an infinite number of quantum analysis units, emission units, trigger distribution units, and clock distribution units can be superimposed, without being restricted by physical space.

[0121] Moreover, by using the trigger distribution unit to divide a trigger signal into synchronized multi-channel trigger signals and send them to the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit, the emission alignment function can be started synchronously in real time. The above-mentioned trigger signal distribution process will not cause any attenuation, ensuring that the amplitude of the output multi-channel trigger signal meets the requirements; similarly, the clock distribution unit divides a first clock signal into synchronized multi-channel first clock signals and outputs them to the quantum analysis unit and the emission unit, thereby realizing the real-time synchronous alignment clock function. The above-mentioned clock distribution process will not cause any attenuation, ensuring that the amplitude of the output multi-channel clock signal meets the requirements. The signals distributed by the trigger distribution unit and the clock distribution unit have high synchronization performance and can meet the synchronization requirements of multi-bit synchronous emission control. Therefore, it is suitable for the measurement and control of quantum processors with any number of quantum bits.

[0122] Furthermore, in the superconducting quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting unit includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit; and each intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit can be integrated through components such as a functional mainboard. For the quantum analysis unit, similarly, its internal radio frequency transmitting subunit and acquisition subunit are highly integrated by adopting components such as a functional mainboard. The above design improves the integration of the entire measurement and control system. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the space required for the superconducting quantum measurement and control system, reduces hardware costs, and makes it easier to quickly build a superconducting quantum measurement and control system; on the other hand, the high integration also greatly reduces the use of complex cables. Similarly, the physical space can greatly increase the measurement and control capacity of quantum bits, thereby improving the functions and application scope of the superconducting quantum measurement and control system.

[0123] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0124] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0125] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0126] Figure 1 A block diagram of the quantum measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0127] Figure 2A block diagram of the structure of a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0128] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a medium-frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0129] Figure 4 A block diagram of the structure of a quantum analysis unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0130] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an IQ mixer provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0131] Figure 6 and Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of two different connection modes of the first functional mainboard and the first mixer provided in embodiments of the present utility model;

[0132] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the IQ mixer shown;

[0133] Figure 9 for Figure 8 The layout of the circuit board module of the IQ mixer is shown;

[0134] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the IQ mixer chip on the circuit board module shown;

[0135] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a double-balanced mixer of the IQ mixer chip shown

[0136] Figure 12 A structural block diagram of a trigger distribution unit of a quantum measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0137] Figure 13 A structural block diagram of a clock distribution unit of a quantum measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0138] Figure 14 A structural block diagram of the power distribution unit of the quantum measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0139] Figure 15 A structural block diagram of a quantum measurement and control cabinet using a quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0140] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the layout of a quantum measurement and control cabinet using a quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0141] In the picture:

[0142] 100, quantum measurement and control system; 200, rack;

[0143] 1. Host computer;

[0144] 2. Transmitter unit; 21. RF arbitrary waveform transmitter unit; 2101. First main control chip; 2102. First digital-to-analog converter; 2103. First combiner; 2104. First mixer; 21041. Circuit board; 21042. IQ mixer chip; 21043. In-phase port; 21044. Quadrature-phase port; 21045. Local oscillator port; 21046. RF port; 21047. Microstrip line; 21048. Base; 210481. Groove; 21049. Cover; 210410. Cavity; 210411. Ground hole; 210412. Pad; 210413. Mounting hole; 2105. First local oscillator microwave source; 2106. First DC generator chip; 2107. First filter; 2108. First attenuator; 2 109, first memory chip; 2110, first network port chip; 2111, first RS485 / 422 communication interface; 2112, first synchronization buffer chip; 2113, first trigger buffer chip; 2114, first clock chip; 2100, first drawer box; 22, intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit; 2201, second main control chip; 2202, second digital-to-analog converter; 2203, second combiner; 2204, second DC generator chip; 2205, second filter; 2206, second memory chip; 2207, second network port chip; 2208, second RS485 / 422 communication interface; 2209, second synchronization buffer chip; 2210, second trigger buffer chip; 2211, second clock chip; 2200, second drawer box;

[0145] 3. Quantum analysis unit; 31. RF transmission subunit; 3101. Third main control chip; 3102. Third digital-to-analog converter; 3103. Third combiner; 3104. Second mixer; 3105. Second local oscillator microwave source; 3106. Third DC generator chip; 3107. Third filter; 3108. Second attenuator; 3109. Third memory chip; 3110. Third network port chip; 3111. Third RS485 / 422 communication interface; 3112. Third synchronization buffer chip; 3113 , third trigger buffer chip; 3114, third clock chip; 3100, third drawer box; 32, acquisition subunit; 3201, fourth main control chip; 3202, trigger control pulse chip; 3203, synchronization signal buffer distribution chip; 3204, analog-to-digital converter; 3205, demodulator; 3206, third local oscillator microwave source; 3207, low-frequency amplifier; 3208, fourth memory chip; 3209, fourth network port chip; 3210, single-ended to differential converter; 3211, fourth clock chip;

[0146] 4. Trigger distribution unit; 401. Main trigger buffer; 402. Sub-trigger buffer; 410. Fourth drawer box;

[0147] 5. Clock distribution unit; 501. Master clock buffer; 502. Division clock buffer; 510. Fifth drawer box;

[0148] 6. Power distribution unit; 601. Mechanical power switch; 602. Power filter; 603. Fuse; 604. Self-locking push button switch; 605. Splitter; 606. Power conversion module; 607. Power output connector; 610. Sixth drawer box;

[0149] 7. Clock switching module;

[0150] 8. Network communication equipment; 710. Seventh drawer box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0151] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0152] The inventors of this application have discovered that in the prior art, the integration of quantum measurement and control systems is low. When setting up a quantum measurement and control system, the discrete room-temperature measurement and control scheme of the traditional arbitrary waveform generator, microwave source plus IQ mixer requires multiple external attenuators, single-ended to differential converters, mixers, power dividers, couplers, bandpass filters and many other devices. A large number of devices with different functions need to be connected by cables to drive quantum bits. Not only is the construction process complicated and time-consuming, but it is also difficult to expand due to physical space limitations. These factors require a lot of debugging before the quantum measurement and control experiment can begin, which greatly restricts the development of quantum computers.

[0153] Based on the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a quantum measurement and control system 100. Figure 1 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system 100 includes: at least one transmitting unit 2, at least one quantum analyzing unit 3, at least one trigger distribution unit 4 and at least one clock distribution unit 5.

[0154] The at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and the at least one transmitting unit 2 are used to respectively communicate with an external host computer 1 .

[0155] The trigger distribution unit 4 is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units 3 and at least one of the transmitting units 2, and is used to divide a trigger signal into synchronized multi-channel trigger signals, and output the multi-channel trigger signals to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 connected to the trigger distribution unit 4.

[0156] The clock distribution unit 5 is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units 3 and at least one of the transmitting units 2, and is configured to divide a first clock signal into multiple synchronized first clock signals, and output the multiple first clock signals to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 connected to the clock distribution unit 5. The first clock signal is a base clock signal.

[0157] The transmitting unit 2 is used to receive the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a measurement and control signal and transmit the measurement and control signal to a quantum processor (not shown), so that the quantum bits in the quantum processor oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, thereby realizing various quantum logic gates.

[0158] The quantum analysis unit 3 is configured to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read signal and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor, and receive a read signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the read signal, and return the processed quantum calculation result to the host computer 1.

[0159] The quantum processor is provided with qubits, which are, for example, artificial qubits or physical particles existing in nature (such as electrons and photons). In this application, the quantum processor is described as a superconducting quantum chip. However, it is understood that the technical solutions of this application are also applicable to other suitable types of quantum processors.

[0160] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the host computer 1 communicates with the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 through a data transmission network, a network communication device 8, such as a switch or a router, can be used to achieve good matching and compatibility between different units.

[0161] The transmitting unit 2 is connected to the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8. Specifically, the transmitting unit 2 receives the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information from the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8, and generates a corresponding measurement and control signal to the quantum processor.

[0162] The quantum analysis unit 3 is in communication with the host computer 1 via the network communication device 8. Specifically, the quantum analysis unit 3 receives the waveform parameter information of the read signal from the host computer 1 via the network communication device 8, generates a corresponding read signal to the quantum processor, and outputs the quantum calculation result to the host computer 1 via the network communication device 8.

[0163] In an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned measurement and control signal waveform parameter information includes, for example, waveform data required to be transmitted by the transmitting unit, such as the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the waveform, as well as various preset parameter information, such as waveform length parameters.

[0164] In embodiments of the present invention, the aforementioned measurement and control signals include, for example, a qubit frequency modulation signal (commonly referred to as a Z signal) and a qubit drive signal (commonly referred to as an XY signal). The Z signal is used to adjust the qubit's frequency (i.e., adjust the qubit's energy level spacing), while the XY signal is used to drive the qubit to transition between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>. Specifically, by applying a medium-frequency Z signal and a high-frequency XY signal with a frequency close to the qubit's energy level spacing, the qubit can be caused to oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, thereby implementing various quantum logic gates. Precise control of both the XY and Z signals is crucial for the successful implementation of quantum computing and quantum information processing. The Z signal has a frequency range of, for example, but not limited to, 0 to 500 MHz, and the XY signal has a frequency range of, for example, but not limited to, 4 GHz to 6 GHz.

[0165] In an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned read-in signal waveform parameter information includes, for example, waveform data required to be emitted by the quantum analysis unit, such as the amplitude, frequency, initial phase of the waveform, and various preset parameter information, such as waveform length parameters.

[0166] The frequency range of the read-in signal generated by the quantum analysis unit 3 is, for example, but not limited to, 6 GHz to 8 GHz. The read-in signal, Read In, is transmitted to the quantum processor, enters the resonant cavity, is indirectly capacitively coupled to the qubit, and is reflected from the resonant cavity to become a read-out signal, Read Out, which carries information about the resonant cavity and the qubit. The quantum analysis unit 3 reads the read-out signal, processes it, obtains a quantum computation result, and transmits it to the host computer 1 via the network communication device 8 for display.

[0167] In the quantum measurement and control system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present utility model, the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2 are capable of communicating with the host computer 1. Furthermore, the trigger distribution unit 4 is connected to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2, and the clock distribution unit 5 is connected to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2. When performing measurement and control of a quantum processor, the number of quantum analysis units 3, the emission unit 2, the trigger distribution unit 4, and the clock distribution unit 5 can be selected according to the number of qubits. The qubits to be experimentally measured, controlled, and calculated are programmed by the host computer 1, and the quantum processor measurement and control is achieved by communicating and interacting with the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2. As the number of qubits is expanded, an infinite number of quantum analysis units 3, the emission unit 2, the trigger distribution unit 4, and the clock distribution unit 5 can be superimposed, without being restricted by physical space.

[0168] Moreover, by using the trigger distribution unit 4 to divide a trigger signal into synchronized multi-channel trigger signals and send them to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2, the emission alignment function can be started synchronously in real time. The above-mentioned trigger signal distribution process will not cause any attenuation, thereby ensuring that the amplitude of the output multi-channel trigger signal meets the requirement. Similarly, the clock distribution unit 5 divides a first clock signal into synchronized multi-channel first clock signals and outputs them to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2, thereby realizing the real-time synchronous alignment clock function. The above-mentioned clock distribution process will not cause any attenuation, thereby ensuring that the amplitude of the output multi-channel clock signal meets the requirement. The signals distributed by the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5 have high synchronization performance and can meet the synchronization requirements of multi-bit synchronous emission control. Therefore, it is suitable for the measurement and control of quantum processors with any number of quantum bits.

[0169] In one embodiment, the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information includes radio frequency waveform parameter information and intermediate frequency waveform parameter information; the measurement and control signal includes a quantum bit drive signal and a quantum bit frequency modulation signal; Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the transmitting unit 2 includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21;

[0170] The RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is used to receive the RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the quantum bit driving signal according to the RF waveform parameter information, and send the quantum bit driving signal to the quantum processor;

[0171] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the quantum bit frequency modulation signal according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, and send the quantum bit frequency modulation signal to the quantum processor.

[0172] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the quantum analysis unit 3 includes a radio frequency transmission subunit 31 and a collection subunit 32;

[0173] The RF transmitting subunit 31 is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read signal and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor;

[0174] The acquisition subunit 32 is used to receive a readout signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the readout signal, and return the processed quantum computing result to the host computer 1 .

[0175] The inventors discovered that as the number of qubits (qubits) increases dramatically, the technical difficulties and key points within quantum measurement and control systems become increasingly clear. These difficulties are primarily manifested in the following two key areas: First, the measurement and control fidelity of quantum logic gates—that is, ensuring that the waveform loaded on the qubit is the desired ideal waveform. This can be measured by single- or dual-gate fidelity data (e.g., 99.9% for a single gate) and waveform ideality (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio and SFDR). Second, the capacity and integration of quantum measurement and control systems—that is, the number of bits they can control and the integration solution. In the conventional discrete room-temperature measurement and control solution using an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) + microwave source + IQ mixer, assuming three AWG channels are used to control one bit, the AWG uses a four-channel AWG waveform generator, the microwave source uses an independent four-channel microwave source, and the IQ mixer uses an external discrete mixer. Cables are required to connect each instrument, taking up a significant amount of storage space. Controlling one qubit requires approximately 1.75U of space. If the quantum measurement and control system is installed in a 19-inch, 42U cabinet, the maximum measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet is approximately 24 qubits. This is far from meeting the requirements of quantum computing applications. Furthermore, in the conventional discrete room-temperature measurement and control solution, each instrument needs to be controlled separately, resulting in complex synchronization between instruments and poor synchronization performance. Furthermore, each instrument requires separate communication control, which requires constant switching between the host computer and reduces communication efficiency. In addition, due to the lack of real-time performance, the cables connecting the devices will introduce environmental noise and attenuation of the microwave signal itself, resulting in very limited functions and applications of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0176] Based on this, in the embodiments of the present invention, the inventors have made technical improvements to the transmitting unit 2, quantum analysis unit 3, trigger distribution unit 4, clock distribution unit 5, power distribution unit 6, and other components of the quantum measurement and control system. For example, but not limited to, improvements have been made to the structures of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the IF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 in the transmitting unit 2, as well as the RF transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 in the quantum analysis unit 3. These improvements are described in detail as follows:

[0177] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 includes a first functional mainboard (not shown) and at least one first mixer 2104 arranged outside the first functional mainboard; the first mixer 2104 is, for example but not limited to, an IQ mixer.

[0178] The first function main board is connected to the at least one first mixer 2104 .

[0179] The first functional main board is used to receive the RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of first DC signals and at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the RF waveform parameter information, and generate a first microwave signal, wherein each pair of the first differential pulse signals and a corresponding first DC signal are mixed respectively to obtain at least two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding first mixer 2104, and the generated first microwave signal is output to the first mixer 2104.

[0180] The first mixer 2104 is configured to mix the two first single-ended pulse signals having a phase difference of 90° with the first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit drive signal, and send the quantum bit drive signal to the quantum processor.

[0181] In an embodiment of the present invention, upon receiving a trigger signal based on RF waveform parameter information, the first functional mainboard generates an even number of pairs of first differential pulse signals. Each pair of first differential pulse signals includes two pulse signals with equal amplitudes and opposite phases. Each pair of first differential pulse signals corresponds to a first DC signal. Each pair of first differential pulse signals is mixed with a pair of matching first DC signals to produce two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. Specifically, each pair of first differential pulse signals is mixed with a matching first DC signal to produce one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. These two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference are output to the same first mixer 2104 for mixing with a first microwave signal. For example, assuming that the first functional mainboard is connected to h first mixers 2104, the first functional mainboard generates 2h pairs of first differential pulse signals, h pairs of first DC signals, and h first microwave signals, where h is a positive integer.

[0182] In an embodiment of the present invention, the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 generates a first differential pulse signal, a first DC signal and a first microwave signal through a first functional mainboard, and mixes a corresponding number of first differential pulse signals and first DC signals to obtain two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output to the first mixer 2104, and then mixes them with a first microwave signal to obtain a quantum bit driving signal. Compared with the RF generating device using a discrete solution in the prior art, the high integration of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is achieved, and no complicated cable wiring is required, which can save storage space. When configuring the quantum measurement and control cabinet, it can save rack space and realize full utilization of space resources. While the rack size remains unchanged, the measurement and control capacity of the quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved. Moreover, since the first functional mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, it communicates and interacts with the host computer 1 through the first functional mainboard. There is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately as in the prior art. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the RF generating device of the discrete solution, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, and the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0183] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the first functional mainboard includes a first carrier board (not shown) and, disposed on the first carrier board, a first main control chip 2101, a first digital-to-analog converter 2102, a first DC generator chip 2106, a first local oscillator microwave source 2105, and at least one pair of first combiners 2103. The first carrier board may be, for example but not limited to, a suitable component such as a printed circuit board.

[0184] The first main control chip 2101 is connected to the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 , the first DC generation chip 2106 , and the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 , respectively.

[0185] The first digital-to-analog converter 2102 is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners 2103 .

[0186] Each pair of output ends of the first combiner 2103 is respectively connected to the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the corresponding first mixer 2104, wherein the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the first mixer 2104 are used to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0187] The first DC generating chip 2106 is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners 2103 .

[0188] The first local oscillator microwave source 2105 is connected to the first mixer 2104 .

[0189] The first main control chip 2101 is used to receive the RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, sends the first pulse signal generation instruction to the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 according to the RF waveform parameter information, sends the first microwave signal generation instruction to the first local oscillator microwave source 2105, and sends the first DC generation control instruction to the first DC generation chip 2106.

[0190] The first digital-to-analog converter 2102 is configured to generate at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the first pulse signal generation instruction.

[0191] The first DC generation chip 2106 is configured to generate at least one pair of first DC signals according to the first DC generation control instruction.

[0192] The first combiner 2103 is used to mix a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted first DC signal to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference, and output the first single-ended pulse signal to the corresponding first mixer 2104;

[0193] The first local oscillator microwave source 2105 is configured to generate at least one first microwave signal according to a first microwave signal generation instruction, and output the first microwave signal to the corresponding first mixer 2104 .

[0194] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the first combiner 2103 includes a first operational amplifier (not shown).

[0195] The first functional main board further includes at least one pair of first filters 2107 disposed on the first carrier board.

[0196] The first DC generating chip 2106 is connected to the at least one pair of first filters 2107;

[0197] The first filter 2107 is connected to the corresponding first operational amplifier;

[0198] The first filter 2107 is configured to filter the first DC signal to obtain a filtered first DC signal;

[0199] The first operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a filtered phase-adapted first DC signal to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0200] In a specific embodiment, the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to receive one of a pair of first differential pulse signals and the first DC signal that is phase-adapted after filtering, and the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to receive the other of the pair of first differential pulse signals.

[0201] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 further includes at least one first attenuator 2108 disposed outside the first functional main board.

[0202] The first attenuator 2108 is connected to the first mixer 2104 and is used to adjust the amplitude of the qubit drive signal. The first attenuator 2108 can adjust the amplitude of the qubit drive signal to improve impedance matching.

[0203] In the embodiment of the present invention, illustratively, the first attenuator 2108 may be provided on one side of a dilution refrigerator having a quantum processor.

[0204] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the first main control chip 2101 of the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be implemented by, for example but not limited to, an FPGA. The FPGA can be equipped with a first memory chip 2109. For example, the first memory chip 2109 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed memory chips, which provide sufficient hardware margin in terms of computing power. At the same time, each port can output an arbitrary waveform of up to 128ms.

[0205] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 of the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can adopt a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronously transmitting arbitrary waveforms and DC waveforms during measurement and control operations, including sine waves, square waves and high-order waves.

[0206] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2As shown, the first combiner 2103 for converting a differential signal into a single-ended signal in the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 adopts an operational amplifier, and a first DC signal is generated by a first DC generating chip 2106, and then the first DC signal is filtered by the first filter 2107. The first operational amplifier combines a pair of first differential pulse signals of arbitrary waveforms output by the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 and a first DC signal adapted after filtering. This not only improves the quality of the quantum bit drive signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need to prepare an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, as in the prior art, thereby reducing hardware costs and realizing the integration of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21.

[0207] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the first mixer 2104 of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitter 21 can be a passive I / Q mixer. This first mixer 2104 can mix with the first microwave signal generated by the onboard first local oscillator microwave source 2105, or with an externally expanded local oscillator microwave signal, to produce the qubit drive signal required to be output by the RF arbitrary waveform transmitter 21 (RF-AWG). In this embodiment of the present invention, the first mixer 2104 can be a passive I / Q mixer of a suitable form factor based on integration requirements.

[0208] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 of the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 can be a chip, which can be, for example but not limited to, a 2-channel 3.5GHz-8.5GHz on-board microwave source, thereby saving the cost of purchasing additional microwave source equipment and further saving the storage space of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21; and, since the first main control chip 2101 is connected to the first local oscillator microwave source 2105, the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 is controlled by the first main control chip 2101, which further reduces the communication switching time, thereby improving the real-time performance of measurement and control.

[0209] As a specific example of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 2As shown, corresponding to the same first functional motherboard in the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 adopts a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit to generate four pairs of first differential pulse signals; the first DC generating chip 2106 generates two pairs of first DC signals, that is, four first DC signals, and the four first filters 2107 of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 respectively filter the four first DC signals, and then the four first operational amplifiers are divided into two pairs, and each pair of first operational amplifiers respectively filters the two pairs of first differential pulse signals and the first differential pulse signals. The two filtered first DC signals are combined to produce two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. Ultimately, two pairs of first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference are obtained. Furthermore, the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 generates two first microwave signals. The first functional motherboard is connected to two first mixers 2104. Each first mixer 2104 mixes the two first single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference with a corresponding first microwave signal to produce a quantum bit drive signal, which is then transmitted to the quantum processor. Assuming that the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 includes n first functional motherboards, 2n quantum bit drive signals can ultimately be obtained, where n is a positive integer.

[0210] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first functional mainboard of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 includes two first operational amplifiers per pair and two first filters 2107 per pair. In other embodiments, the first functional mainboard may include at least one pair of first operational amplifiers and at least one corresponding pair of first filters 2107, and each pair of first operational amplifiers and each pair of first filters 2107 is connected to a corresponding first mixer 2104.

[0211] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2As shown, in the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21, the first functional mainboard also includes a first network port chip 2110 disposed on the first carrier board. The first network port chip 2110 is connected to the first main control chip 2101 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1 through an external network communication device 8. The RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1 is received through the network communication device 8 and output to the first main control chip 2101. The first network port chip 2110 is connected to the network communication device 8 to achieve network communication with the host computer 1. The first network port chip 2110 receives the RF waveform parameter information from the network communication device 8 and outputs it to the first main control chip 2101. The network communication device 8 is in communication connection with the host computer 1. Through network communication interaction through the network communication device 8, the host computer 1 can control different RF arbitrary waveform transmission units 21 separately, realize the superposition connection of multiple RF arbitrary waveform transmission units 21, realize unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize measurement and control of quantum processors with unlimited bit numbers.

[0212] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, in the aforementioned RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21, the first functional mainboard further includes a first clock chip 2114 disposed on the first carrier board, configured to convert the second clock signal into a third clock signal and output the third clock signal to components such as the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, and the first local oscillator microwave source 2105. The third clock signal serves as the operating clock for components such as the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, and the first local oscillator microwave source 2105. The first clock chip 2114 can, for example, perform frequency division / multiplication operations on the second clock signal to obtain a third clock signal at the frequency required by the remaining components in the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21. The second clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The third clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, and a sampling clock signal. The second clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and amplifying the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The first functional main board may further include a first buffer circuit (not shown) for receiving the first clock signal output from the clock distribution unit 5, and performing buffer enhancement processing on the first clock signal to obtain the second clock signal. The first buffer circuit is arranged outside the first clock chip 2114 or integrated in the first clock chip 2114.

[0213] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first buffer circuit is, for example, integrated into the first clock chip 2114, or provided in another circuit module or chip, or is an independent circuit module. Preferably, the first clock chip 2114 has the function of the first buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the entire device.

[0214] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first functional main board also includes a first trigger buffer chip 2113 arranged on the first carrier board, and the first trigger buffer chip 2113 is used to receive the trigger signal output from the trigger distribution unit 4, perform buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the first main control chip 2101.

[0215] Optionally, refer to Figure 2 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first functional main board further includes a first synchronization buffer chip 2112 arranged on the first carrier board, and the first synchronization buffer chip 2112 is used to receive the synchronization signal from the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 (see Figure 4 ) output synchronization signal, is used to perform buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and output the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the first main control chip 2101. The function of the synchronization signal is the same or similar to that of the trigger signal.

[0216] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 2, the first functional mainboard also includes a first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 disposed on the first carrier board. The first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 is connected to the first main control chip 2101 for communication with the host computer 1. The first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 is a spare interface.

[0217] Specifically, for example, when the first unit network port (not shown) of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is in business communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the first functional mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the first main control chip 2101) through the first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111, issue commands, or restart and other related operations.

[0218] The first unit network port is, for example, a 1-to-2 switch. The first unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. The 1-to-2 switch is a 1-to-3 switch or a 1-to-3 or higher switch.

[0219] In an embodiment of the present application, the first unit network port is a 1-to-2 switch. Accordingly, the first unit network port is connected to two first functional mainboards inside the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and is externally connected to an external network communication device 8.

[0220] The quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes high integration of the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 by arranging different components such as the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, the first combiner 2103, the first DC generation chip 2106 and the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 of the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 on the same first functional mainboard. When configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, it can save rack space and fully utilize space resources. When the rack size remains unchanged, the quantum measurement and control system can be greatly improved compared with the RF generation device using a discrete solution in the prior art. Moreover, since multiple devices of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 are arranged on the same first functional mainboard, they communicate and interact with the host computer 1 through the first main control chip 2101, and there is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the discrete RF generating device, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, and the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing the signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0221] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inventors creatively propose to improve the shape of the IQ mixer, for example, to improve the shape of the first mixer 2104 from a π shape to an H shape (see Figure 5 ), thereby avoiding squeezing of ports between adjacent sides of other first mixers 2104, enabling multiple first mixers 2104 to be compactly arranged, and being accommodated in a drawer box together with the devices arranged on the first functional main board, thereby meeting the high-density installation requirements of the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21; in addition, no additional cables are required to be connected, or even if cables need to be connected, no additional space is occupied, and wiring is easy, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system and the quantum computing device having the quantum measurement and control system.

[0222] However, alternatively, the first mixer 2104 may be disposed outside the drawer box as needed. Specifically, the first mixer 2104 and the first attenuator 2108 may not be disposed on the first functional mainboard. Accordingly, the first functional mainboard does not include the first mixer 2104 and the first attenuator 2108.

[0223] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown, the first mixer 2104 provided in the present application is an H-type IQ mixer, and the port layout of the H-type IQ mixer is as follows: an in-phase port 21043 and an orthogonal-phase port 21044 are set on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity 210410 of the IQ mixer, and a local oscillator port 21045 and a radio frequency port 21046 are set on the other side.

[0224] At this time, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044, the local oscillator port 21045 and the radio frequency port 21046 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the IQ mixer cavity 210410, wherein the in-phase port 21043, the quadrature-phase port 21044, the local oscillator port 21045, the radio frequency port 21046 and the cavity 210410 can form an H-type IQ mixer.

[0225] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first mixer 2104 is arranged outside the first functional mainboard. Regardless of the specific shape of the first mixer 2104, including but not limited to the aforementioned H-type, π-type, etc., there can be multiple ways to connect the first mixer 2104 to the first functional mainboard.

[0226] Taking the first mixer as an H-type mixer as an example, for example, referring to Figure 6 As shown, when the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 adopts the edge transmission mode, the first mixer 2104 is connected to the first functional mainboard in a horizontal direction, or, referring to Figure 7 As shown, when the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 adopts a vertical transmission mode, the first mixer 2104 and the first functional mainboard can be connected vertically. The above-mentioned horizontal and vertical connection modes include, but are not limited to, direct connection modes such as plugging, welding, and connection using wires or cables (e.g., coaxial cables).

[0227] In addition to the above H-shaped first mixer and the first function mainboard, other shapes can also be used. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific connection method. Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is just an example.

[0228] Of course, in the case where the first mixer is an H-type mixer, regardless of whether the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 uses an edge transmission mode or a vertical transmission mode, the first mixer 2104 can be well connected to the first functional mainboard, which can avoid squeezing of the ports between the sides of adjacent first mixers 2104, and can enable multiple first mixers 2104 to be compactly arranged on the signal transmission module of the quantum measurement and control system, so that the first mixers 2104 are highly densely integrated in the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 of the quantum measurement and control system to meet the high-density installation requirements of the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21; in addition, no additional cables are required to be connected, or even if cables are required to be connected, no additional space is occupied, and the wiring is easy, which is conducive to the miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system.

[0229] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the cavity of the first mixer 2104 has an in-phase port 21043 and a quadrature-phase port 21044 on one side of the two opposite sides, and a local oscillator port 21045 and a radio frequency port 21046 on the other side. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044 are respectively connected to two signal output ports (not marked) on the first functional mainboard to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports, and the local oscillator port 21045 is used to receive the first microwave signal, so that the first mixer 2104 mixes the two received first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit drive signal and output it through the RF port 21046.

[0230] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the cavity of the IQ mixer includes a circuit board module. The circuit board module includes a circuit board 21041 (PCB) and an IQ mixer chip 21042. An in-phase port 21043 (I-channel port) and a quadrature-phase port 21044 (Q-channel port) are provided on one of two opposing side surfaces of the cavity, and a local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) and a radio frequency port 21046 (RF port) are provided on the other side surface. The ports provided on the cavity can be SMA antenna mounts or IPX antenna mounts, and the specific details are not limited here.

[0231] It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° include an in-phase intermediate frequency signal and an orthogonal-phase intermediate frequency signal, and the H-type IQ mixer performs up-conversion. The in-phase port 21043 (I-channel port) and the orthogonal-phase port 21044 (Q-channel port) of the IQ mixer respectively input (IN) a pair of in-phase intermediate frequency signals and orthogonal-phase intermediate frequency signals transmitted by the first combiner 2103; at the same time, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the first microwave signal, that is, the local oscillator signal, and the IQ mixer mixes the in-phase intermediate frequency signal and the orthogonal-phase intermediate frequency signal with the first microwave signal, and outputs (OUT) the XY signal through the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port).

[0232] The IQ mixer chip 21042 is disposed on a circuit board 21041. The in-phase pin and quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip 21042 are connected to the corresponding in-phase port 21043 and quadrature-phase port 21044, respectively, for example, but not limited to, via a microstrip line 21047 (microwave source cable). The local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port 21045, for example, but not limited to, via a local oscillator microstrip line; and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port 21046, for example, but not limited to, via a radio frequency microstrip line.

[0233] In an embodiment of the present utility model, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044 of the first mixer 2104 are respectively connected to the corresponding first combiner 2103, the in-phase port 21043 is used to receive one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port 21044 is used to receive the other of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0234] The local oscillator port 21045 is connected to the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 and is used to receive the first microwave signal;

[0235] The RF port 21046 is used to output XY signals.

[0236] It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, by arranging an in-phase port and an orthogonal-phase port on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity of the IQ mixer, and arranging a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port on the other side, when the IQ mixer is applied to a quantum measurement and control system, it is possible to avoid squeezing of ports between adjacent IQ mixer sides, and enable multiple IQ mixers to be compactly arranged in the quantum measurement and control system.

[0237] It should be noted that, in an embodiment of the present invention, the H-type IQ mixer can also perform down-conversion. At this time, the IQ mixer is applied to the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3 of the quantum measurement and control system. The in-phase port 21043 and the orthogonal phase port 21044 of the IQ mixer are connected to the single-ended to differential converter 3210 of the acquisition subunit 32. At the same time, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the third microwave signal (local oscillator signal), and the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port) reads the readout signal Read Out.

[0238] In addition, after extensive experiments and research, the inventors discovered that when a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port are arranged on the same side of an IQ mixer, the distance between the local oscillator microstrip line connected to the local oscillator port and the radio frequency microstrip line connected to the radio frequency port is relatively close, which can easily increase the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer band line. The first microwave signal and the XY signal are coupled with each other to produce crosstalk, affecting the normal use of the IQ mixer. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application further provides an IQ mixer that can avoid adverse effects such as crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer while allowing multiple IQ mixers to be compactly arranged in a quantum measurement and control system. The following will be described in detail:

[0239] In the embodiment of the present application, the IQ mixer chip 21042 on the IQ mixer is a passive mixer chip, such as Figure 10 As shown, the IQ mixer chip includes a first double-balanced mixer N1, a second double-balanced mixer N2, and a 90-degree hybrid bridge (90° HYBRID). The input of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected to the local oscillator pin (LO pin) of the IQ mixer chip, and the isolation terminal of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is grounded. The 0-degree terminal of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected to the local oscillator pin of the first double-balanced mixer N1, and the 90-degree terminal of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected to the local oscillator pin of the second double-balanced mixer N2. The intermediate frequency (IF) terminal of the first double-balanced mixer N1 is connected to the in-phase pin IF1 of the IQ mixer chip, and the intermediate frequency terminal of the second double-balanced mixer N2 is connected to the quadrature-phase pin IF2 of the IQ mixer chip. The RF terminal of the first double-balanced mixer N1 is connected to the RF terminal of the second double-balanced mixer N2, and then to the RF pin of the IQ mixer chip. In the figure, GND is a ground pin, and NIC is an unconnected pin.

[0240] The circuit structure of the first double-balanced mixer is similar to that of the second double-balanced mixer. Figure 11 As shown, it includes: a first transformer T1, a second transformer T2 and a balanced bridge; the balanced bridge is composed of a plurality of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 connected in series.

[0241] Among them, the primary winding of the first transformer T1 is connected to the 0-degree end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge, that is, one end of the primary winding of the first transformer T1 serves as the local oscillator end of the first double-balanced mixer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer T1 is connected to the first diagonal of the balanced bridge; the second diagonal of the balanced bridge is connected to the primary winding of the second transformer, and the midpoint of the primary winding of the second transformer T2 is connected to the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip. The midpoint of the primary winding of the second transformer T2 serves as the intermediate frequency end of the first double-balanced mixer; the secondary winding of the second transformer T2 is connected to the radio frequency end of the second double-balanced mixer, that is, one end of the secondary winding of the second transformer T2 serves as the radio frequency end of the first double-balanced mixer.

[0242] When the IQ mixer chip performs up-conversion, the first microwave signal (LO signal) is divided into two local oscillator signal components with a phase difference of 90 degrees through a 90-degree hybrid bridge. These two local oscillator signal components are mixed with the in-phase signal (I-path signal) input by the in-phase pin and the orthogonal-phase signal (Q-path signal) input by the orthogonal-phase pin in the double-balanced mixer, and then added to obtain the output XY signal (RF signal).

[0243] In the embodiment of the present application, after a large number of experiments, it is found that grounding the idle pin NIC of the IQ mixer chip can effectively suppress the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the RF outer band line, thereby improving the isolation between the first microwave signal and the RF port; Figure 9 As shown, a ground hole 210411 is provided on the circuit board 21041, and the empty pin NIC of the IQ mixer chip 21042 can be grounded through the ground hole 210411 of the circuit board 21041; by grounding all the empty pins NIC of the IQ mixer chip 21042, the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the RF outer band line can be further reduced, the isolation from the first microwave signal to the RF port can be improved, and adverse effects such as crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer can be avoided.

[0244] In one feasible method, in order to further reduce the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer band line, it is necessary to determine the optimal impedance values ​​of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line based on the worst isolation of the first microwave signal input from the local oscillator port to the radio frequency port and the conversion loss (up-conversion loss or down-conversion loss) of the IQ mixer.

[0245] It can be understood that, whether in up-conversion or down-conversion, the IQ mixer needs to input a first microwave signal from the local oscillator port. The isolation degree of the first microwave signal input from this local oscillator port leaking to the radio frequency port is specifically the ratio of the power of the first microwave signal leaking to the radio frequency port to the input power of the first microwave signal, with the unit of dB. The larger this isolation degree is, the lower the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer strip line; and when the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line change, the isolation degree of the first microwave signal input from the local oscillator port leaking to the radio frequency port also changes accordingly. In order to make the IQ mixer achieve a smaller conversion loss while achieving the optimal isolation degree, the worst isolation degree of the first microwave signal input from the local oscillator port leaking to the radio frequency port, and the corresponding conversion loss of the IQ mixer, can be obtained when the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line have multiple different impedance values; for example, by adjusting the diameter of the microstrip line, the impedance value of the microstrip line can be adjusted, that is, the wider the diameter of the microstrip line, the smaller the impedance value, and the narrower the diameter of the microstrip line, the larger the impedance value; and the corresponding worst isolation degree and the conversion loss of the IQ mixer are detected, as shown in Table 1:

[0246] Table 1

[0247] Microstrip line impedance value-Ω Conversion loss-dB Worst isolation-dB A 7.1 33.7 B 6.1 34.8 C 11.1 33.5

[0248] In Table 1, A < B < C; based on the worst isolation degree and the corresponding conversion loss, the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line can be determined from multiple different impedance values. For example, by matching the impedance value with the conversion loss and the worst isolation degree, it can be known that when the impedance value of the microstrip line is BΩ, the conversion loss of the IQ mixer is the lowest, and the worst isolation degree is the largest, that is, the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line can be determined as BΩ; so that, while improving the isolation degree, the conversion loss is also reduced as much as possible, and further reducing the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer strip line.

[0249] Furthermore, as Figure 9 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the microstrip line 21047 in the cavity of the IQ mixer is welded to the port on the side of the cavity through the pad 210412. At this time, an absorbing material can be provided at the pad 210412; this absorbing material can be a graphene-based absorbing material, ferrite, SiC ceramic, or Si3N4 ceramic material, etc., and no specific limitation is made here. That is, an absorbing material can be provided near the port, and the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal is absorbed by the absorbing material, further improving the isolation degree of the first microwave signal to the radio frequency port.

[0250] Combined with Figure 8As shown, further, the cavity of the IQ mixer also includes a base 21048; wherein, a mounting hole 210413 is provided on the circuit board 21041, and the circuit board 21041 can be installed on the base 21048 through the mounting hole 210413; wherein, an absorbing material can be set in the mounting hole 210413 to further reduce the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal.

[0251] Furthermore, the cavity of the IQ mixer can also include a base 21048 and a cover 21049; the circuit board 21041 is arranged between the base 21048 and the cover 21049, and the base 21048 is provided with a groove 210481 corresponding to the circuit board 21041, that is, the volume of the groove 210481 matches the volume of the circuit board 21041, and the circuit board 21041 can be embedded and installed in the groove 210481; the cover 21049 is fittedly installed on the end face of the opening of the groove 210481, wherein the cover 21049 can be screwed installed through a threaded hole, or snap-fit ​​installed by a buckle, and the specific details are not limited here. By installing circuit board 21041 within groove 210481 and fitting cover 21049 onto the end surface of the opening of groove 210481, a seamless seal can be achieved between circuit board 21041, base 21048, and cover 21049. This ensures a seamless seal between the IQ mixer cavity structure, reduces reflection of electromagnetic microwaves (the first microwave signal and the XY signal) within the cavity, and thereby reduces signal radiation from the first microwave signal and the XY signal. Furthermore, the ground vias of circuit board 21041 are well connected to base 21048, ensuring that the unused pins of the IQ mixer chip are well grounded.

[0252] It can be seen that through the above embodiments, the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal can be continuously further reduced, and the isolation from the first microwave signal to the RF port can be maintained above 40 dB, effectively avoiding crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer.

[0253] In one implementation, when the pins of an IQ mixer chip are connected to the various ports of the IQ mixer via microstrip lines, the microstrip lines introduce environmental noise. Furthermore, when transmitting microwave signals (the first microwave signal or the XY signal), the microstrip lines attenuate the microwave signals. This limits the functionality of the IQ mixer when used in a quantum measurement and control system, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurement and control. However, by reducing the radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal through the above-described embodiment, the environmental noise introduced by the microstrip lines can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively improving the SNR of the measurement and control.

[0254] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 3As shown, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 includes: a second functional mainboard (not shown); the second functional mainboard is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one second DC signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals with a preset waveform according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, mix each pair of the second differential pulse signals with an adapted second DC signal, obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal, and send it to the quantum processor.

[0255] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second functional mainboard will generate at least one pair of first differential pulse signals after receiving the trigger signal based on the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information. Each pair of second differential pulse signals includes two pulse signals with equal amplitudes and opposite phases. Each pair of second differential pulse signals corresponds to a second DC signal. Each pair of the second differential pulse signals is mixed with a corresponding second DC signal to obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0256] In the embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 generates a second differential pulse signal and a second DC signal through a second functional mainboard, and obtains a quantum bit frequency modulation signal by mixing a pair of second differential pulse signals and a second DC signal. Compared with the intermediate frequency generating device using a discrete solution in the prior art, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is highly integrated, does not require complex cable wiring, can save storage space, and can save rack space when configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, thereby fully utilizing space resources and greatly improving the efficiency while keeping the rack size unchanged. The measurement and control capacity of the quantum bit of the quantum measurement and control cabinet is increased. Moreover, since the second function mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, it communicates and interacts with the host computer 1 through the second function mainboard. There is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately as in the prior art. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the discrete solution, the intermediate frequency generating device can greatly reduce the number of cables, reduce the cable loss of the signal, and reduce the signal attenuation, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing the signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0257] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 3 As shown, in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, the second functional mainboard includes a second carrier board (not shown) and a second main control chip 2201, a second digital-to-analog converter 2202, a second DC generation chip 2204, and at least one second combiner 2203 disposed on the second carrier board. The second carrier board may be, for example, but not limited to, a suitable component such as a printed circuit board.

[0258] The second main control chip 2201 is connected to the second DC generation chip 2204 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 respectively.

[0259] The second DC generating chip 2204 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 are respectively connected to each of the second combiners 2203 .

[0260] The second main control chip 2201 is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, send a second pulse signal generation instruction to the second digital-to-analog converter 2202, and send a second DC generation control instruction to the second DC generation chip 2204.

[0261] The second digital-to-analog converter 2202 is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of a preset waveform according to the second pulse signal generation instruction.

[0262] The second DC generating chip 2204 is configured to generate at least one second DC signal according to the second DC generation control instruction;

[0263] The second combiner 2203 is used to mix a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a matching second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0264] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the second combiner 2203 includes a second operational amplifier (not shown).

[0265] The second functional main board further includes at least one second filter 2205 disposed on the second carrier board.

[0266] The second filter 2205 is connected between the second DC generating chip 2204 and the corresponding second operational amplifier;

[0267] The second filter 2205 is configured to filter the second DC signal to obtain a filtered second DC signal;

[0268] The second operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a filtered, adapted second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0269] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3As shown, the second main control chip 2201 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 can be implemented, for example but not limited to, by an FPGA. The FPGA can be equipped with a second memory chip 2206. For example, the second memory chip 2206 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed memory chips, which provide sufficient hardware margin in terms of computing power. At the same time, each port can output an arbitrary waveform of up to 128ms.

[0270] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 can adopt a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronous transmission of arbitrary waveforms and DC waveforms during measurement and control operations, including sine waves, square waves and high-order waves.

[0271] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the second combiner 2203 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 for converting a differential signal into a single-ended signal uses an operational amplifier, and a second DC signal is generated by a second DC generating chip 2204, which is then filtered by the second filter 2205. The second operational amplifier combines a pair of second differential pulse signals of an arbitrary waveform output by the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and a second DC signal adapted after filtering. This not only improves the quality of the RF signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need to prepare an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, as in the prior art. This reduces hardware costs and enables the integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22.

[0272] As a specific example of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 3 As shown, corresponding to the same second functional motherboard in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 uses a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS 16 bits to generate four pairs of second differential pulse signals. The second DC generation chip 2204 generates four second DC signals. The four second filters 2205 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 filter these four second DC signals respectively. Then, four second operational amplifiers combine the four pairs of first differential pulse signals with the four filtered second DC signals to generate four second single-ended pulse signals, that is, four qubit frequency-modulated signals, which are transmitted to the quantum processor. Assuming that the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 includes m second functional motherboards, 4m qubit frequency-modulated signals can be ultimately obtained, where m is a positive integer.

[0273] In some other embodiments, at least one second operational amplifier and a corresponding number of at least one second filter 2205 may be provided in the second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 .

[0274] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the above-mentioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, the second functional mainboard also includes a second network port chip 2207 disposed on the second carrier board. The second network port chip 2207 is connected to the second main control chip 2201 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1 through an external network communication device 8. The RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1 is received through the network communication device 8 and output to the second main control chip 2201. The second network port chip 2207 is connected to the network communication device 8 to achieve network communication with the host computer 1, receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information from the network communication device 8 and output to the second main control chip 2201. The network communication device 8 is in communication connection with the host computer 1. Through network communication interaction through the network communication device 8, the host computer 1 can control different intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission units 22 separately, realize the superposition connection of multiple intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission units 22, realize unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize the measurement and control of quantum processors with unlimited bit numbers.

[0275] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3As shown, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter unit 22 includes a second functional mainboard further comprising a second clock chip 2211 disposed on the second carrier board, configured to convert the fourth clock signal into a fifth clock signal and output the fifth clock signal to components such as the second main control chip 2201 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202. The fifth clock signal serves as the operating clock for components such as the second main control chip 2201 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202. The second clock chip 2211 can, for example, perform frequency division / multiplication operations on the fourth clock signal to obtain a fifth clock signal having the required frequency for the remaining components in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter unit 22. The fourth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The fifth clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, a sampling clock signal, and the like. The fourth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and amplifying the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The second functional main board may further include a second buffer circuit (not shown) for receiving the first clock signal output from the clock distribution unit 5, and performing buffer enhancement processing on the first clock signal to obtain the fourth clock signal. The second buffer circuit is arranged outside the second clock chip 2211 or integrated in the second clock chip 2211.

[0276] In the embodiment of the present invention, the second buffer circuit is, for example, integrated into the second clock chip 2211, or provided in another circuit module or chip, or is an independent circuit module. Preferably, the second clock chip 2211 has the function of the second buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the entire device.

[0277] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the above-mentioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second functional main board also includes a second trigger buffer chip 2210 arranged on the second carrier board, and the second trigger buffer chip 2210 is used to receive the trigger signal output from the trigger distribution unit 4, perform buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the second main control chip 2201.

[0278] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second functional main board further includes a second synchronization buffer chip 2209 arranged on the second carrier board, and the second synchronization buffer chip 2209 is used to receive the synchronization signal from the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 (see Figure 4) output synchronization signal, is used to perform buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and output the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the second main control chip 2201. The synchronization signal has the same or similar functions as the trigger signal.

[0279] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown, in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second functional mainboard further includes a second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 disposed on the second carrier board. The second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 is connected to the second main control chip 2201 for communication with the host computer 1. The second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 is a backup interface.

[0280] Specifically, for example, when the second unit network port (not shown) of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is in business communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the second functional mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the second main control chip 2201) through the second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208, issue commands, or restart and other related operations.

[0281] The second unit network port is, for example, a 1-to-2 switch. The second unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. The 1-to-2 switch is a 1-to-3 switch or a 1-to-3 or higher switch.

[0282] In an embodiment of the present application, the second unit network port is a 1-to-2 switch. Accordingly, the unit network port is connected to two second function mainboards inside the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and is externally connected to an external network communication device 8.

[0283] The quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes high integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 by arranging different components such as the second main control chip 2201, the second digital-to-analog converter 2202, the second DC generation chip 2204, and the second combiner 2203 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 on the same second functional mainboard. When configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, it can save rack space and fully utilize space resources. When the rack size remains unchanged, compared with the intermediate frequency generation device using a discrete solution in the prior art, the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved. Moreover, since multiple devices of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit are arranged on the same functional mainboard, they communicate and interact with the host computer 1 through the second main control chip 2201, and there is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer separately. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the intermediate frequency generating device of the discrete solution, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, and the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing the signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0284] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the RF transmitting subunit 31 includes a third functional mainboard (not shown) and at least one second mixer 3104 disposed outside the third functional mainboard. The second mixer 3104 is, for example but not limited to, an IQ mixer.

[0285] The third functional main board is connected to the at least one second mixer 3104 .

[0286] The third functional main board is used to receive the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of third DC signals and at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the read-in signal waveform parameter information, and generate a second microwave signal, wherein each pair of the third differential pulse signals and a matching third DC signal are mixed to obtain at least two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding second mixer 3104, and the generated second microwave signal is output to the corresponding second mixer 3104.

[0287] The second mixer 3104 is configured to mix the two third single-ended pulse signals having a 90° phase difference with the second microwave signal to obtain the read signal, and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor.

[0288] In an embodiment of the present invention, an in-phase port (not marked) and an orthogonal phase port (not marked) are provided on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity of the second mixer 3104, and a local oscillator port (not marked) and a radio frequency port (not marked) are provided on the other side. The in-phase port and the orthogonal phase port are respectively connected to the two signal output ports (not marked) on the third functional main board to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports. The local oscillator port is used to receive the second microwave signal, so that the second mixer 3104 mixes the two received third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received second microwave signal to obtain the read-in signal and output it through the radio frequency port.

[0289] In an embodiment of the present invention, the third function mainboard, based on the input signal waveform parameter information, generates an even number of pairs of third differential pulse signals upon receiving a trigger signal. Each pair of third differential pulse signals includes two pulse signals of equal amplitude and opposite phase. Each pair of third differential pulse signals corresponds to a third DC signal. Each pair of third differential pulse signals is mixed with a pair of matching third DC signals to generate two third single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. Specifically, each pair of third differential pulse signals is mixed with a matching third DC signal to generate one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. These two third single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference are output to the same second mixer 3104 for mixing with the second microwave signal. For example, assuming that the third function mainboard is connected to i second mixers 3104, the third function mainboard generates 2i pairs of third differential pulse signals, i pairs of third DC signals, and i second microwave signals, where i is a positive integer.

[0290] In the embodiment of the present invention, the RF transmitting subunit 31 generates a third differential pulse signal, a third DC signal and a second microwave signal through a third functional mainboard, and obtains two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output to the second mixer 3104 by mixing a corresponding number of third differential pulse signals and the third DC signal, and then performs mixing processing with a second microwave signal to obtain a read-in signal. It does not require complicated cable wiring, can save storage space, and can save rack space when configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, realizing full utilization of space resources. When the rack size remains unchanged, it can be greatly reduced. The measurement and control capacity of the quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control cabinet is greatly improved. Moreover, since the third function mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, it communicates and interacts with the host computer 1 through the third function mainboard. There is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately as in the prior art. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the discrete solution, the RF generating device can greatly reduce the number of cables, reduce the cable loss of the read-in signal, and reduce the signal attenuation, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0291] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the third functional main board includes a third carrier board (not shown) and, disposed on the third carrier board, a third main control chip 3101, a third digital-to-analog converter 3102, a third DC generator chip 3106, a second local oscillator microwave source 3105, and at least one pair of third combiners 3103. The third carrier board may be, for example, but not limited to, a suitable component such as a printed circuit board.

[0292] The third main control chip 3101 is connected to the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 , the third DC generation chip 3106 , and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 , respectively.

[0293] The third digital-to-analog converter 3102 is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners 3103 .

[0294] Each pair of output ends of the third combiner 3103 is respectively connected to the corresponding in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer 3104, wherein the in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer 3104 are used to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0295] The third DC generating chip 3106 is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners 3103 .

[0296] The second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is connected to the second mixer 3104 .

[0297] The third main control chip 3101 is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, sends the third pulse signal generation instruction to the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 according to the read signal waveform parameter information, sends the second microwave signal generation instruction to the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, and sends the third DC generation control instruction to the third DC generation chip 3106.

[0298] The third digital-to-analog converter 3102 is configured to generate at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the third pulse signal generation instruction.

[0299] The third DC generating chip 3106 is configured to generate at least one pair of third DC signals according to the third DC generation control instruction;

[0300] The third combiner 3103 is used to mix a pair of the third differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted third DC signal respectively to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output it to the corresponding second mixer 3104.

[0301] The second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is used to generate at least one second microwave signal according to a second microwave signal generation instruction, and output the second microwave signal to the corresponding second mixer 3104 respectively.

[0302] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the third combiner 3103 includes a third operational amplifier (not shown).

[0303] The third functional main board further includes at least one pair of third filters 3107 disposed on the third carrier board.

[0304] The third DC generating chip 3106 is connected to the at least one pair of third filters 3107;

[0305] The third filter 3107 is connected to the corresponding third operational amplifier;

[0306] The third filter 3107 is configured to filter the third DC signal to obtain a filtered third DC signal;

[0307] The third operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the third differential pulse signals and a filtered phase-adapted third DC signal to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0308] In a specific embodiment, the non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is used to receive one of a pair of the third differential pulse signals and the filtered, phase-adapted third DC signal, and the inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is used to receive the other of the pair of the third differential pulse signals.

[0309] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the RF transmitting subunit 31 further includes at least one second attenuator 3108 disposed outside the third functional main board.

[0310] The second attenuator 3108 is connected to the second mixer 3104 and is used to adjust the amplitude of the read signal. The second attenuator 3108 can adjust the amplitude of the read signal to improve impedance matching.

[0311] In the embodiment of the present invention, illustratively, the second attenuator 3108 can be provided on one side of the dilution refrigerator having the quantum processor.

[0312] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third main control chip 3101 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting sub-unit 31 can be implemented by FPGA, for example but not limited to. The FPGA can be equipped with a third memory chip 3109. For example, the third memory chip 3109 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, which provide sufficient hardware margin in computing power. At the same time, each port can output an arbitrary waveform of up to 128ms.

[0313] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31 can adopt a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronously transmitting arbitrary waveforms and DC waveforms during measurement and control operations, including sine waves, square waves and high-order waves.

[0314] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third combiner 3103 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31, which realizes the conversion of differential signals into single-ended signals, adopts an operational amplifier, and generates a third DC signal by the third DC generating chip 3106, and then filters the third DC signal by the third filter 3107. The third operational amplifier combines a pair of third differential pulse signals of arbitrary waveforms output by the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 and a third DC signal that is adapted after filtering. This not only improves the quality of the RF signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need to prepare an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, as in the prior art, thereby reducing hardware costs and realizing the integration of the transmitting unit.

[0315] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the second mixer 3104 of the RF transmission subunit 31 is, for example, a passive I / Q mixer. This second mixer 3104 can mix the second microwave signal generated by the onboard second local oscillator microwave source 3105, or mix it with an externally expanded local oscillator microwave signal, to produce the input signal to be output by the RF transmission subunit 31. In this embodiment of the present invention, the second mixer 3104 can be a passive I / Q mixer of a suitable form factor according to integration requirements.

[0316] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the shape and structure of the second mixer 3104 can be similar to the structure of the first mixer 2104. Figure 5 The H-type IQ mixer shown can avoid squeezing of ports between adjacent sides of the second mixers 3104, enable multiple second mixers 3104 to be compactly arranged, and can accommodate the second mixers 3104 together with the devices arranged on the third functional main board in a drawer box, thereby meeting the high-density installation requirements of the RF transmitting sub-unit 31; in addition, no additional cables are required to be connected, or if cables are required to be connected, no additional space is occupied, and wiring is easy, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system and the quantum computing device having the quantum measurement and control system.

[0317] However, alternatively, the first mixer 2104 may be disposed outside the drawer box as needed. Specifically, the second mixer 3104 and the second attenuator 3108 may not be disposed on the third functional mainboard. Accordingly, the third functional mainboard does not include the second mixer 3104 and the second attenuator 3108.

[0318] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cavity of the second mixer 3104 includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip. The components of the second mixer 3104 satisfy the following relationship:

[0319] The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port;

[0320] The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are respectively connected to the corresponding third combiner 3103, the in-phase port is used to receive one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port is used to receive the other of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°;

[0321] The local oscillator port is connected to the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, and is used to receive the second microwave signal;

[0322] A ground hole is provided on the circuit board, and the idle pins of the IQ mixer chip are grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

[0323] Specifically, the second mixer 3104 is an H-type IQ mixer, and its specific structure and corresponding beneficial effects can be referred to above. Figures 6 to 12 The detailed description of the IQ mixer, etc. shown in FIG.

[0324] It is understandable that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the second mixer 3104 is Figure 5 In the H-type IQ mixer shown, the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° include an in-phase intermediate frequency signal and a quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signal. The H-type IQ mixer performs up-conversion. The in-phase port 21043 (I-channel port) and the quadrature-phase port 21044 (Q-channel port) of the IQ mixer respectively input (IN) the in-phase intermediate frequency signal and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signal transmitted by a pair of third combiners 3103; at the same time, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the second microwave signal, i.e., the local oscillator signal. The IQ mixer mixes the in-phase intermediate frequency signal and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signal with the second microwave signal, and then outputs (OUT) the read signal Read In through the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port).

[0325] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31 can be a chip, which can be, for example but not limited to, a 2-channel 3.5GHz-8.5GHz on-board microwave source, thereby saving the cost of purchasing additional microwave source equipment and further saving the storage space of the RF transmitting subunit 31; and, since the third main control chip 3101 is connected to the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is controlled by the third main control chip 3101, which further reduces the communication switching time, thereby improving the real-time performance of measurement and control.

[0326] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4As shown, the specific structure of the RF transmitting subunit 31 is similar to the structure of the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21. Through the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, the third DC generating chip 3106, four third filters 3107, four third operational amplifiers and two second mixers 3104, two read-in signals are finally processed. Its specific implementation method can refer to the detailed description of the above-mentioned RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21.

[0327] In an embodiment of the present invention, the third functional mainboard of the RF transmitting subunit 31 includes two third operational amplifiers per pair and two third filters 3107 per pair. In other embodiments, the third functional mainboard may include at least one pair of third operational amplifiers and at least one corresponding pair of third filters 3107, and each pair of third operational amplifiers and each pair of third filters 3107 is connected to a corresponding second mixer 3104.

[0328] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF transmission subunit 31, the third functional mainboard also includes a third network port chip 3110 disposed on the third carrier board. The third network port chip 3110 is connected to the third main control chip 3101 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1 through an external network communication device 8. The network communication device 8 receives the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1 and outputs it to the third main control chip 3101. The third network port chip 3110 is connected to the network communication device 8 to achieve network communication with the host computer 1. The third network port chip 3110 receives the read signal waveform parameter information from the network communication device 8 and outputs it to the third main control chip 3101. The network communication device 8 is in communication with the host computer 1. Through network communication interaction through the network communication device 8, the host computer 1 can control different RF transmission subunits 31 separately, realize the superposition connection of multiple RF transmission subunits 31, realize unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize the measurement and control of quantum processors with unlimited bit numbers.

[0329] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4As shown, in the RF transmitting subunit 31, the third functional mainboard further includes a third clock chip 3114 disposed on the third carrier board, configured to convert the sixth clock signal into a seventh clock signal and output the seventh clock signal to components such as the third main control chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105. The seventh clock signal serves as the operating clock for components such as the third main control chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105. The third clock chip 3114 can, for example, perform frequency division / multiplication operations on the sixth clock signal to generate the seventh clock signal at the frequency required by the remaining components in the RF transmitting subunit 31. The sixth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The seventh clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, and a sampling clock signal. The sixth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and amplifying the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The first functional main board may further include a third buffer circuit (not shown), which is used to receive the first clock signal output from the clock distribution unit 5, and obtain the sixth clock signal after buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The third buffer circuit is arranged outside the third clock chip 3114 or integrated in the third clock chip 3114.

[0330] In the embodiment of the present invention, the third buffer circuit is, for example, integrated into the third clock chip 3114, or provided in another circuit module or chip, or is an independent circuit module. Preferably, the third clock chip 3114 has the function of the third buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the entire device.

[0331] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF transmitting sub-unit 31, the third functional main board also includes a third trigger buffer chip 3113 arranged on the third carrier board, and the third trigger buffer chip 3113 is used to receive the trigger signal output from the trigger distribution unit 4, perform buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the third main control chip 3101.

[0332] Optionally, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31, the third functional mainboard further includes a third synchronization buffer chip 3112 arranged on the third carrier board, and the third synchronization buffer chip 3112 is used to receive the synchronization signal from the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 (see Figure 4) output synchronization signal, is used to perform buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and output the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the third main control chip 3101. The synchronization signal has the same or similar functions as the trigger signal.

[0333] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned RF transmission subunit 31, the third functional mainboard also includes a third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 arranged on the third carrier board. The third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 is connected to the third main control chip 3101 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1. The third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 is a spare interface.

[0334] Specifically, for example, when the third unit network port (not shown) of the RF transmitting subunit 31 is in business communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the third functional mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the third main control chip 3101), issue commands, or restart and other related operations through the third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111.

[0335] The third unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. In the embodiment of the present application, the unit network port is connected to one of the third functional mainboards inside the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and is externally connected to an external network communication device 8 .

[0336] The quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes high integration of the radio frequency transmission subunit 31 by arranging different components such as the third main control chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the third combiner 3103, the third DC generation chip 3106 and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 of the radio frequency transmission subunit 31 on the same third functional mainboard. When configuring the quantum measurement and control cabinet, it can save rack space and realize full utilization of space resources. When the rack size remains unchanged, compared with the transmitting unit using a discrete solution in the prior art, the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved. Moreover, since multiple devices of the RF transmitting subunit 31 are arranged on the same functional mainboard, they communicate and interact with the host computer 1 through the third main control chip 3101, and there is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the discrete RF transmitting subunit, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the read-in signal is reduced, and the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing the signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0337] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 4As shown, the acquisition subunit 32 includes a fourth functional mainboard (not shown) and at least one demodulator 3205 arranged outside the fourth functional mainboard.

[0338] The fourth functional mainboard is connected to the at least one demodulator 3205 .

[0339] The demodulator 3205 is used to receive the readout signal output from the quantum processor, mix the readout signal with the input third microwave signal, and demodulate to obtain a fourth single-ended pulse signal.

[0340] The fourth functional mainboard is used to convert each of the fourth single-ended pulse signals into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals, process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals to obtain quantum measurement and control experiment results, and process the quantum measurement and control experiment results, and return the processed quantum calculation results to the host computer.

[0341] In an embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition subunit 32 mixes the received readout signal with a third microwave signal through a demodulator to obtain a fourth single-ended pulse signal. The fourth functional mainboard converts each fourth single-ended pulse signal into a corresponding pair of fourth differential pulse signals and processes them to obtain a quantum calculation result. The high integration of the acquisition subunit 32 is achieved, and no complicated cable wiring is required, which can save storage space. When configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, rack space can be saved, and space resources can be fully utilized. Without changing the rack size, the measurement and control capacity of the quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved. Moreover, since the fourth functional mainboard realizes the signal processing function, the fourth functional mainboard communicates and interacts with the host computer 1 to send the quantum calculation results to the host computer 1. Unlike the prior art, each device does not need to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the quantum analyzer of the discrete solution, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the readout signal is reduced, and the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is beneficial to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor.

[0342] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional mainboard includes a fourth carrier board (not shown) and a fourth main control chip 3201, an analog-to-digital converter 3204, and at least one single-ended to differential converter 3210 disposed on the fourth carrier board. The fourth carrier board may be, for example, but not limited to, a suitable component such as a printed circuit board.

[0343] The fourth main control chip 3201 , the analog-to-digital converter 3204 and each of the single-ended to differential converters 3210 are connected respectively.

[0344] Each of the single-ended to differential converters 3210 is connected to the corresponding demodulator 3205 .

[0345] The single-ended to differential converter 3210 is used to convert the fourth single-ended pulse signal into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals.

[0346] The analog-to-digital converter 3204 is used to process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals, obtain the quantum measurement and control experiment results, and send them to the fourth main control chip 3201.

[0347] The fourth main control chip 3201 is used to process the received quantum measurement and control experiment results and return the processed quantum calculation results to the host computer 1.

[0348] In a specific embodiment, the single-ended to differential converter 3210 may be a balun transformer in the prior art. The demodulator 3205 may also be a single-ended mixer in the prior art.

[0349] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is further connected to the at least one demodulator 3205 to generate at least one third microwave signal.

[0350] In another embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional main board further includes a third local oscillator microwave source 3206 disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0351] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to send a third microwave signal generation instruction to the third local oscillator microwave source;

[0352] The third local oscillator microwave source 3206 is connected to the at least one demodulator 3205 and is configured to generate at least one third microwave signal according to a third microwave signal generation instruction.

[0353] It should be noted that, referring to Figure 4 In the quantum analysis unit shown, the third local oscillator microwave source 3206 of the acquisition subunit 32 is integrated into the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 as a spare device. In the figure, the third local oscillator microwave source 3206 is not connected to the demodulator 3205.

[0354] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional main board further includes a trigger control pulse chip 3202 disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0355] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction from the host computer 1 and send the trigger signal generation instruction to the trigger control pulse chip 3202;

[0356] The trigger control pulse chip 3202 is used to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction and generate the trigger signal.

[0357] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the above-mentioned acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional main board further includes a synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 disposed on the fourth carrier board;

[0358] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to receive a synchronization signal trigger instruction from the host computer and send a synchronization signal generation instruction to the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203;

[0359] The synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 is used to generate a synchronization signal after receiving a synchronization signal generation instruction.

[0360] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a clock switching module 7 and a temperature compensation clock chip (not shown).

[0361] The temperature-compensated clock chip is integrated into the transmitting unit 2 or the quantum analysis unit 3 , and the temperature-compensated clock chip is used to generate the first clock signal.

[0362] The input end of the clock switching module 7 is connected to the temperature-compensated clock chip and an external clock source respectively; the external clock source is used to provide the first clock signal.

[0363] The output end of the clock switching module 7 is connected to the clock distribution unit 5 .

[0364] The clock switching module 7 is used to switch and input the first clock signal emitted by the temperature-compensated clock chip or the clock source.

[0365] In one specific embodiment, the temperature-compensated clock chip can be deployed in the first functional mainboard of the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21, the second functional mainboard of the IF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, the third functional mainboard of the RF transmission subunit 31, or the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32. This further improves the integration of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0366] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional main board further includes at least one low-frequency amplifier 3207 disposed outside the fourth carrier board.

[0367] The low-frequency amplifier 3207 is connected to the corresponding demodulator 3205 and is used to amplify the readout signal and send it to the demodulator 3205 .

[0368] In the embodiment of the present application, the low-frequency amplifier 3207 is disposed outside the fourth carrier board. For example, the low-frequency amplifier 3207 can be disposed on one side of the dilution refrigerator having the quantum processor.

[0369] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the fourth main control chip 3201 of the above-mentioned acquisition sub-unit 32 can be implemented by FPGA, for example but not limited to. The FPGA can be equipped with a fourth memory chip 3208. For example, the fourth memory chip 3208 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, providing sufficient hardware margin in computing power.

[0370] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the above-mentioned single-ended to differential converter 3210 realizes single-ended to differential signal processing, avoids the need to prepare additional single-ended to differential converters when building a quantum measurement and control system, and realizes the integration of the acquisition sub-unit 32.

[0371] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the analog-to-digital converter 3204 of the acquisition subunit 32 can adopt a 14-bit, 1.0-GSPS high-speed ADC acquisition chip, which can down-convert the quantum computing results fed back by the quantum processor in the dilution refrigerator for signal acquisition and analysis.

[0372] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional mainboard further includes a fourth network port chip 3209 disposed on the fourth carrier board. This fourth network port chip 3209 is connected to the fourth main control chip 3201 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1 via an external network communication device 8. By connecting this fourth network port chip 3209 to the network communication device 8, network communication with the host computer 1 is achieved. Network communication interaction via the network communication device 8 enables the host computer 1 to separately control different acquisition subunits, enabling the superposition and connection of multiple acquisition subunits 32, achieving unlimited superconducting multi-bit connections, and enabling measurement and control of quantum processors with an unlimited number of bits.

[0373] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4As shown, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional mainboard further includes a fourth clock chip 3211 disposed on the fourth carrier board, configured to convert the eighth clock signal into a ninth clock signal and output the ninth clock signal to components such as the fourth main control chip 3201, the analog-to-digital converter 3204, and the third local oscillator microwave source 3206. The ninth clock signal serves as the operating clock for components such as the second main control chip 2201, the analog-to-digital converter 3204, and the third local oscillator microwave source 3206. The fourth clock chip 3211 can, for example, perform frequency division / multiplication operations on the eighth clock signal to generate a ninth clock signal at the frequency required by the remaining components in the acquisition subunit 32. The eighth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The ninth clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, and a sampling clock signal. The eighth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and amplifying the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The fourth functional main board may further include a fourth buffer circuit (not shown), which is used to receive the first clock signal output from the clock distribution unit 5, and obtain the eighth clock signal after buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The fourth buffer circuit is arranged outside the fourth clock chip 3211 or integrated in the fourth clock chip 3211.

[0374] In the embodiment of the present invention, the fourth buffer circuit is, for example, integrated into the fourth clock chip 3211, or provided in another circuit module or chip, or is an independent circuit module. Preferably, the fourth clock chip 3211 has the function of the fourth buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the entire device.

[0375] In one embodiment, in the above-mentioned quantum measurement and control system, in the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth functional main board may include a fourth RS485 / 422 communication interface (not shown) disposed on the fourth carrier board as a backup interface to achieve communication with the host computer 1. The specific implementation process can refer to the detailed description of the first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111, the second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208, or the third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111, which will not be repeated here.

[0376] The quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes high integration of the acquisition subunit 32 by arranging the fourth main control chip 3201, analog-to-digital converter 3204 and single-ended to differential converter 3210 of the acquisition subunit 32 on the same fourth functional mainboard. When configuring the quantum measurement and control cabinet, it can also save rack space and fully utilize space resources. When the rack size remains unchanged, compared with the quantum analyzer using a discrete solution in the prior art, the quantum bit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved. In addition, due to the multiple acquisition subunits, The devices are arranged on the same functional mainboard, and communicate with the host computer 1 through the fourth main control chip 3201, and the quantum computing results are sent to the host computer 1. There is no need for each device to communicate and interact with the host computer 1 separately. Therefore, the communication switching time is saved and the real-time performance is higher. At the same time, compared with the quantum analyzer of the discrete solution, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the readout signal is reduced, and the attenuation of the readout signal is reduced, thereby improving the effectiveness of the signal, reducing the signal noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, which is conducive to improving the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the superconducting quantum chip.

[0377] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the network communication device 8 is connected to the at least one transmitting unit 2 and the at least one quantum analysis unit 3 via network cables of equal length. Specifically, each RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, IF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, RF transmitting subunit 31, and acquisition subunit 32 are connected via network cables of equal length. This prevents uneven signal transmission delays and ensures consistent signal transmission.

[0378] In the quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting unit 2 includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21; and each intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be integrated through components such as a functional mainboard. Similarly, for the quantum analysis unit 3, its internal radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and acquisition subunit 32 are highly integrated by adopting components such as a functional mainboard. The above design improves the integration of the entire measurement and control system. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the space required for the quantum measurement and control system, reduces hardware costs, and makes it easier to quickly build a quantum measurement and control system. On the other hand, the high integration also greatly reduces the use of complex cables. Similarly, the physical space can greatly increase the measurement and control capacity of quantum bits, thereby improving the functions and application scope of the measurement and control system.

[0379] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned quantum measurement and control system, the transmitting unit 2 and the quantum analysis unit 3 can both adopt the above-mentioned improved solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention; or, the transmitting unit 2 can adopt the improved solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention, while the quantum analysis unit 3 adopts the solution of the prior art; or, the transmitting unit 2 adopts the implementation solution in the prior art, while the quantum analysis unit 3 adopts the improved solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0380] In the embodiment of the present invention, the trigger distribution unit 4 can be implemented by using multiple trigger buffers. Figure 12 As shown, the trigger distribution unit 4 includes six 1-to-5 trigger buffers, including one main trigger buffer 401 and five sub-trigger buffers 402. The main trigger buffer 401 divides the trigger signal into five synchronized trigger signals, and the five sub-trigger buffers 402 further divide the five trigger signals into five synchronized trigger signals, and finally output 25 synchronized trigger signals. In the embodiment of the present invention, the trigger signal can come from an external trigger source, or a trigger signal generated by the trigger control pulse chip 3202 of the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3. Of course, in some other embodiments, the trigger signal can also be generated by a trigger control pulse chip (not shown in the figure) integrated into the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, or the RF transmission subunit 31. Through the trigger signal buffer distribution, the real-time synchronous start-up of the transmission alignment function is achieved. The trigger signal buffer distribution process does not cause any attenuation to the trigger signal, and can ensure that the trigger signal output amplitude meets the requirements.

[0381] In the embodiment of the present invention, the clock distribution unit 5 can be implemented by using multiple clock buffers. Figure 13 As shown, the clock distribution unit 5 includes six 1-to-5 clock buffers, including one master clock buffer 501 and five divided clock buffers 502. The master clock buffer 501 divides the first clock synchronization signal into five synchronized first clock signals. The five divided clock buffers 502 then divide these five first clock signals into five synchronized first clock signals, ultimately outputting 25 synchronized first clock signals. The clock distribution unit 5 buffers and distributes the first clock signal input from a temperature-compensated clock or an external clock source to each transmitting unit 2 and quantum analysis unit 3. This buffering and distribution of the first clock signal enables real-time synchronization and alignment of the clocks. The buffering and distribution of the first clock signal does not cause any attenuation to the clock signal, ensuring that the output amplitude of the clock signal meets the required level.

[0382] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 14As shown, the system further includes at least one power distribution unit 6 .

[0383] The power distribution unit 6 is respectively connected to the at least one transmitting unit 2 , the at least one quantum analysis unit 3 , the at least one trigger distribution unit 4 and the at least one clock distribution unit 5 .

[0384] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 14 As shown, the power distribution unit 6 includes a mechanical power switch 601 , a power filter 602 , a self-locking key switch 604 , a splitter 605 , at least one power conversion module 606 and a power output connector 607 .

[0385] The mechanical power switch 601 , the power filter 602 , the splitter 605 , the at least one power conversion module 606 and the power output connector 607 are connected in sequence.

[0386] The self-locking key switch 604 is connected between the splitter 605 and the at least one power conversion module 606 .

[0387] The mechanical power switch 601 is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection with an external input power source (not shown).

[0388] The power filter 602 is used to filter the input AC voltage signal of the input power supply.

[0389] The self-locking key switch 604 is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the splitter 605 and the input end of at least one of the power conversion modules 606 .

[0390] The splitter 605 is used to split the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one filtered input AC voltage signal.

[0391] The power conversion module 606 is configured to convert the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one corresponding DC voltage signal.

[0392] The power output connector 607 is used to output each of the DC voltage signals to the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3 , the transmitting unit 2 , the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5 .

[0393] In a specific embodiment, the power output connector 607 is specifically used to output each of the DC voltage signals to the corresponding first function main board and second function main board of the transmitting unit 2, the third function main board and fourth function main board of the quantum analysis unit 3, the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5.

[0394] In a specific embodiment, the power distribution unit 6 may further include a fuse 603 connected between the mechanical power switch 601 and the input power supply.

[0395] In an embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned splitter 605 can be a 1-outlet 3-way splitter 605 or other multi-way splitter 605, which can be used to split the filtered input AC voltage signal into a corresponding number of filtered input AC voltage signals. The aforementioned power conversion module 606 can convert the AC 110V-250V input power supply AC voltage signal into multiple DC voltage signals, such as 12V DC voltage signals, each of which can have a power of, for example, 100W. Accordingly, one output end of each power conversion module 606 is connected to a power output connector 607, which is connected to each quantum analysis unit 3, transmitter unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4, and clock distribution unit 5 requiring power, outputting each DC voltage signal to the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3, transmitter unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4, and clock distribution unit 5. The aforementioned power output connector 607 can be an aviation power output connector, or other suitable output connector.

[0396] When the power distribution unit 6 provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used, it is necessary to first turn on the mechanical power switch 601, connect the electrical connection with the external input power supply, and power on the power distribution unit 6. After that, the self-locking key switch 604 is turned on, and the electrical connection between the output end of the splitter 605 and the input end of at least one power conversion module 606 is connected, so that the power conversion modules 606 of each path of the power distribution unit 6 are powered on, and each path outputs a DC voltage signal (12V). The self-locking key switch 604 avoids the instantaneous surge impact when the single mechanical power switch 601 is powered on and the problem of shortening the service life caused by the mechanical power switch 601 being subjected to a large current impact and sparking. Each DC voltage signal is output through an independent path, avoiding the influence of mutual ripple fluctuations caused by power imbalance between channels.

[0397] In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further includes: at least one first drawer box 2100 , at least one second drawer box 2200 and at least one third drawer box 3100 .

[0398] The first functional mainboard is housed in the corresponding first drawer box 2100 ; at least one first mixer 2104 connected to the first functional mainboard is housed in the first drawer box 2100 , or is disposed outside the first drawer box 2100 .

[0399] The second functional mainboard is housed in the corresponding second drawer box 2200 .

[0400] The third function main board and the fourth function main board are housed in the corresponding third drawer box 3100; at least one of the second mixers 3104 connected to the third function main board is housed in the third drawer box 3100, or is arranged outside the third drawer box 3100; at least one of the demodulators 3205 connected to the fourth function main board is housed in the third drawer box 3100, or is arranged outside the third drawer box 3100.

[0401] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one first drawer box 2100 , the at least one second drawer box 2200 and the at least one third drawer box 3100 may be arranged in a rack 200 of a quantum measurement and control cabinet.

[0402] In a specific embodiment, the number of quantum bit frequency modulation signals output by the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is twice the number of quantum bit driving signals output by the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 .

[0403] The number of the at least one first drawer box 2100 is twice the number of the at least one second drawer box 2200 , and each second drawer box 2200 is disposed between two first drawer boxes 2100 .

[0404] At least one first functional mainboard is placed in the first drawer box 2100 .

[0405] The second drawer box 2200 contains the same number of second function mainboards as the at least one first function mainboard.

[0406] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further includes: at least one fourth drawer box 410 and at least one fifth drawer box 510.

[0407] The trigger distribution unit 4 is accommodated in the corresponding fourth drawer box 410 .

[0408] The clock distribution unit 5 is housed in the corresponding fifth drawer box 510 .

[0409] The at least one fourth drawer box 410 and the at least one fifth drawer box 510 may also be disposed within the housing 200 .

[0410] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further includes: a sixth drawer box 610;

[0411] The power distribution unit 6 is housed in the sixth drawer box 610 .

[0412] The sixth drawer box 610 may also be arranged in the frame 200 .

[0413] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further includes: a seventh drawer box 710; the above-mentioned network communication device 8 can be accommodated in the seventh drawer box 710;

[0414] The seventh drawer box 710 may also be arranged in the frame 200 .

[0415] In order to provide a more detailed description of the quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present utility model, Figures 1 to 16 The measurement and control implementation process of the quantum measurement and control system is described in detail as follows:

[0416] According to the needs of experimental measurement and control, the measurement and control personnel connect at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and at least one transmitting unit 2 of the quantum measurement and control system 100 to the host computer 1, and connect the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5 to the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2 respectively.

[0417] Exemplarily, the quantum measurement and control system may include a main body arranged within a rack 200 and other components arranged on one side of the dilution refrigerator. Specifically, assuming the rack 200 is a 22U rack, the first functional mainboard of the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 can be accommodated in the first drawer box 2100, the second functional mainboard of the IF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 can be accommodated in the second drawer box 2200, the third functional mainboard of the RF transmission subunit 31 of the quantum analysis unit 3 and the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 can be accommodated in the third drawer box 3100, the trigger distribution unit 4 can be accommodated in the fourth drawer box 410, the clock distribution unit 5 can be accommodated in the fifth drawer box 510, and the power distribution unit 6 can be accommodated in the sixth drawer box 610. The network communication device 8 used for communication between the quantum measurement and control system and the host computer is accommodated in the seventh drawer box 710. Then, the drawer boxes are stacked up and down in the rack 200 according to the set arrangement order to assemble into a quantum measurement and control cabinet, and the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 are communicated with the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8. Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, in the quantum measurement and control cabinet, the seventh drawer box 710, the fourth drawer box 410, the fifth drawer box 510, several first drawer boxes 2100, several second drawer boxes 2200 and the sixth drawer box 610 are arranged in order from high to low in the rack 200. Among them, each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 can include two first function mainboards, and the two first function mainboards are placed in the same first drawer box 2100, so that 4-channel XY signals (i.e. Figure 16 Each intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 may include two second function mainboards, which are placed in the same second drawer box 2200 and output 8-way Z signals (i.e. Figure 16 Flux in the rack 200), and a second drawer box 2200 is placed between every two first drawer boxes 2100. Thus, every two RF arbitrary waveform transmission units 21 and one IF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22 form a functional module, capable of manipulating eight qubits. The two first drawer boxes 2100 and one second drawer box 2200 occupy a single unit in the rack 200. The third functional mainboard of the RF transmission subunit 31 and the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 in the quantum analysis unit 3 are housed in the same third drawer box 3100, which occupies a single unit in the rack 200. The above-mentioned seventh drawer box 710, fourth drawer box 410, and fifth drawer box 510 can occupy 1U units respectively. Since the power distribution unit 6 is large in size, the sixth drawer box 610 occupies approximately 3U units. Through reasonable layout, a 22U cabinet can be equipped with 5 groups of the above-mentioned functional modules. Therefore, it can achieve the control of about 40 quantum bits. Compared with the discrete room temperature measurement and control scheme of conventional technology, the measurement and control capacity of quantum bits is greatly improved.

[0418] In this embodiment, the at least one first mixer 2104 in the RF arbitrary waveform transmission unit 21 connected to the first functional mainboard can be located in the corresponding first drawer box 2100, and the first attenuator 2108 can be located on the side of the dilution refrigerator. The at least one second mixer 3104 in the RF transmission subunit 31 connected to the third functional mainboard and the demodulator 3205 in the acquisition subunit 32 connected to the fourth functional mainboard can be located in the corresponding third drawer box 3100. The second attenuator 3108 of the RF transmission subunit 31 and the low-frequency amplifier 3207 of the acquisition subunit 32 can be located on the side of the dilution refrigerator.

[0419] When using the quantum measurement and control system for measurement and control, the measurement and control personnel input the quantum bits to be experimentally measured and controlled through the host computer 1 for programming, and then transmit them through the network port communication, and communicate and interact with the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 through the network communication equipment 8.

[0420] The clock distribution unit 5 divides a first clock signal into multiple synchronized first clock signals and outputs these multiple first clock signals to the connected RF arbitrary waveform transmitter 21 and IF arbitrary waveform transmitter 22 of the transmitter 2, as well as the RF transmitter subunit 31 and acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3, thereby achieving clock synchronization for the entire measurement and control system. The first clock signal is the base clock signal.

[0421] After receiving the radio frequency waveform parameter information and the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2 enter a waiting-to-trigger state.

[0422] The host computer 1 sends the measurement and control trigger instruction to the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3 through the network communication device 8; the trigger control pulse chip 3202 of the acquisition subunit 32 receives the measurement and control trigger instruction, generates the trigger signal, divides the trigger signal into synchronized multiple trigger signals through the trigger distribution unit 4, and outputs the multiple trigger signals to the connected RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2, as well as the RF transmitting subunit 31 and acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3, thereby triggering the switching action of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 of each transmitting unit 2, as well as the RF transmitting subunit 31 and acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3.

[0423] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter 22 of transmitter unit 2 emits a Z signal. Exemplarily, the frequency range of the Z signal is, for example, but not limited to, 0 to 500 MHz. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter 21 of transmitter unit 2 emits an XY signal. Exemplarily, the frequency range of the XY signal is, for example, but not limited to, 4 to 6 GHz. By applying the intermediate frequency Z signal and the high frequency XY signal, whose frequency is close to the qubit energy level interval, the qubit can be caused to oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, thereby implementing various quantum logic gates. The radio frequency transmitter subunit 31 emits a read-in signal, Read In, which is transmitted via a radio frequency path to the quantum processor in the dilution refrigerator for measurement and control experiments. Exemplarily, the frequency range of the read-in signal is, for example, but not limited to, 6 to 8 GHz.

[0424] The read-in signal Read In is transmitted to the quantum processor, enters the resonant cavity, is indirectly capacitively coupled to the quantum bit, and is reflected by the resonant cavity to become a read-out signal Read Out carrying information about the resonant cavity and the quantum bit. The acquisition subunit 32 reads the read-out signal Read Out, processes the read-out signal to obtain a quantum calculation result, and transmits the quantum calculation result to the host computer 1 via the network communication device 8 for display.

[0425] Based on the same utility model concept, the embodiments of the present utility model also provide a quantum computer, a quantum computing system, and a quantum measurement and control cabinet. Since these quantum computers, quantum computing systems, and quantum measurement and control cabinets are implemented through the aforementioned quantum measurement and control system, the principles of the problems solved correspond to those of the aforementioned quantum measurement and control system. Therefore, the implementation of the quantum computer, quantum computing system, and quantum measurement and control cabinet can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned system, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0426] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a quantum computer, comprising a quantum processor and the aforementioned quantum measurement and control system.

[0427] The present invention also provides a quantum computing system, comprising: a host computer 1, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control system, and a quantum processor; the host computer 1 and the quantum measurement and control system 100 are in communication connection; wherein:

[0428] The host computer 1 is used to send measurement and control signal waveform parameter information and read signal waveform parameter information to the quantum measurement and control system, and receive quantum computing results returned by the quantum measurement and control system 100.

[0429] In one embodiment, the quantum computing system further includes a network communication device 8;

[0430] The host computer 1 and the quantum measurement and control system 100 are communicatively connected via the network communication device 8 .

[0431] The present invention also provides a quantum measurement and control cabinet, referring to Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control cabinet includes a rack 200 and the aforementioned quantum measurement and control system 100;

[0432] The at least one first drawer box 2100, the at least one second drawer box 2200, the at least one third drawer box 3100, the at least one fourth drawer box 410, the at least one fifth drawer box 510, the sixth drawer box 610 and the seventh drawer box 710 in the quantum measurement and control system 100 are stacked up and down in the rack 200 according to a set arrangement order.

[0433] The quantum measurement and control cabinet provided by the embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the functional motherboards of each unit are arranged in a drawer box, and the first mixer, the second mixer, and the demodulator can be optionally arranged in or outside the corresponding drawer box, and each drawer box is then arranged on a rack. The drawer-type design enables the independent installation and removal of each functional module, facilitating maintenance and management. When a single functional module fails or requires an upgrade, it can also be easily replaced. Maintenance personnel can quickly locate the functional module that requires maintenance, reducing the time spent searching for and removing other functional modules, thereby improving maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, the drawer-type design fully utilizes the internal space of the cabinet. Each drawer box can accommodate one or more functional motherboards according to actual needs, avoiding space waste. Different drawer boxes can be adjusted and arranged within the rack according to actual needs, making them easy to expand and increase to meet different measurement and control needs.

[0434] The aforementioned quantum measurement and control system 100 is, for example, a superconducting quantum measurement and control system in a superconducting quantum computer, and accordingly, the quantum processor is a superconducting quantum chip. However, alternatively, the quantum measurement and control system 100 may also be a quantum measurement and control system in a quantum computer using other suitable technology routes (such as, but not limited to, nuclear magnetic resonance, semiconductors, ion traps, neutral atoms, etc.).

[0435] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of a fully hardware embodiment, a fully software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0436] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0437] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0438] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0439] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A superconducting quantum measurement and control system, characterized in that: include: at least one transmitting unit, at least one quantum analyzing unit, at least one trigger distribution unit, and at least one clock distribution unit; The at least one quantum analysis unit and the at least one transmitting unit are used to communicate with an external host computer respectively; The trigger distribution unit is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units and at least one of the transmitting units, and is used to divide a trigger signal into synchronized multiple trigger signals, and output the multiple trigger signals to the quantum analysis unit and the transmitting unit connected to the trigger distribution unit; The clock distribution unit is connected to at least one of the quantum analysis units and at least one of the transmission units, and is configured to divide a first clock signal into a plurality of synchronized first clock signals, and output the plurality of first clock signals to the quantum analysis unit and the transmission unit connected to the clock distribution unit; The transmitting unit is configured to receive measurement and control signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a measurement and control signal and transmit the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor, so as to cause the quantum bits in the quantum processor to oscillate between a ground state and an excited state, thereby realizing various quantum logic gates; The quantum analysis unit is configured to receive the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read-in signal and transmit the read-in signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor, receive a read-out signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the read-out signal, and return the processed quantum calculation result to the host computer.

2. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement and control signal waveform parameter information includes radio frequency waveform parameter information and intermediate frequency waveform parameter information; The measurement and control signal includes a quantum bit drive signal and a quantum bit frequency modulation signal; The transmitting unit includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit; wherein: The RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to receive RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the qubit driving signal according to the RF waveform parameter information, and send the qubit driving signal to the quantum processor; The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate the quantum bit frequency modulation signal according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, and send the quantum bit frequency modulation signal to the quantum processor.

3. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit includes a first functional mainboard and at least one first mixer arranged outside the first functional mainboard; the first functional mainboard is connected to the at least one first mixer; the first functional mainboard is used to receive RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of first DC signals and at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the RF waveform parameter information, and generate a first microwave signal, wherein each pair of the first differential pulse signals and an adapted first DC signal are mixed respectively to obtain at least two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding first mixer, and the generated first microwave signal is output to the first mixer; the first mixer is used to mix the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit drive signal, and send the quantum bit drive signal to the quantum processor.

4. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first functional mainboard includes a first carrier board and a first main control chip, a first digital-to-analog converter, a first DC generation chip, a first local oscillator microwave source and at least one pair of first combiners arranged on the first carrier board; The first main control chip is connected to the first digital-to-analog converter, the first DC generation chip, and the first local oscillator microwave source respectively; The first digital-to-analog converter is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners; The output ends of each pair of the first combiners are respectively connected to the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the corresponding first mixer, wherein the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the first mixer are used to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°; The first DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of first combiners; The first local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one first mixer; The first main control chip is configured to receive radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving a trigger signal, send a first pulse signal generation instruction to the first digital-to-analog converter, send the first microwave signal generation instruction to the first local oscillator microwave source, and send a first DC generation control instruction to the first DC generation chip according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information; The first digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the first pulse signal generation instruction; The first DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one pair of first DC signals according to the first DC generation control instruction; The first combiner is used to mix a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted first DC signal respectively to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output the first single-ended pulse signal to the corresponding first mixer; The first local oscillator microwave source is used to generate at least one first microwave signal according to a first microwave signal generation instruction, and output the first microwave signal to the corresponding first mixer respectively.

5. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first combiner includes a first operational amplifier; The first functional main board further includes at least one pair of first filters disposed on the first carrier board; The first DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of first filters; The first filter is connected to the corresponding first operational amplifier; The first filter is configured to filter the first DC signal to obtain a filtered first DC signal; The first operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a filtered phase-adapted first DC signal to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

6. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit further includes at least one first attenuator arranged outside the first functional main board; The first attenuator is connected to the corresponding first mixer and is used to adjust the amplitude of the quantum bit driving signal.

7. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: An in-phase port and an orthogonal-phase port are provided on one side of the two opposite sides of the cavity of the first mixer, and a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port are provided on the other side. The in-phase port and the orthogonal-phase port are respectively connected to the two signal output ports on the first functional mainboard to receive the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports. The local oscillator port is used to receive the first microwave signal, so that the first mixer mixes the two received first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit drive signal and output it through the radio frequency port.

8. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cavity of the first mixer includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip, and the components of the first mixer satisfy the following relationship: The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port; The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are respectively connected to the corresponding first combiner, the in-phase port is used to receive one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port is used to receive the other of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°; The local oscillator port is connected to the first local oscillator microwave source and is used to receive the first microwave signal; A ground hole is provided on the circuit board, and the idle pins of the IQ mixer chip are grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

9. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit includes: a second functional mainboard; the second functional mainboard is used to receive intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving a trigger signal, generate at least one second DC signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals with a preset waveform according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, mix each pair of the second differential pulse signals with an adapted second DC signal to obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal, and send the signal to the quantum processor.

10. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second functional mainboard includes a second carrier board and a second main control chip, a second DC generating chip, a second digital-to-analog converter and at least one second combiner arranged on the second carrier board; The second main control chip is connected to the second DC generation chip and the second digital-to-analog converter respectively; The second DC generating chip and the second digital-to-analog converter are respectively connected to each of the second combiners; The second main control chip is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, generate a second pulse signal generation instruction to the second digital-to-analog converter, and send a second DC generation control instruction to the second DC generation chip; The second digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of a preset waveform according to the second pulse signal generation instruction; The second DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one second DC signal according to the second DC generation control instruction; The second combiner is used to mix a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a matching second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

11. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The second combiner includes a second operational amplifier; The second functional main board further includes at least one second filter disposed on the second carrier board; The second filter is connected between the second DC generating chip and the corresponding second operational amplifier; The second filter is used to filter the second DC signal to obtain a filtered second DC signal; The second operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a filtered, adapted second DC signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

12. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum analysis unit includes a radio frequency transmission subunit and a collection subunit; The radio frequency transmitting subunit is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read signal and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor; The acquisition subunit is used to receive a readout signal output from the quantum processor, perform data processing on the readout signal, and return the processed quantum computing result to the host computer.

13. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The RF transmitting subunit includes a third functional mainboard and at least one second mixer arranged outside the third functional mainboard; the third functional mainboard is connected to the at least one second mixer; the third functional mainboard is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one pair of third DC signals and at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the read signal waveform parameter information, and generate a second microwave signal, wherein each pair of the third differential pulse signals is mixed with an adapted third DC signal to obtain at least two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output them to the corresponding second mixer, and output the generated second microwave signal to the corresponding second mixer; the second mixer is used to mix the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the second microwave signal to obtain the read signal, and transmit the read signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor.

14. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 13, characterized in that: The third functional mainboard includes a third carrier board and a third main control chip, a third digital-to-analog converter, a third DC generation chip, a second local oscillator microwave source and at least one pair of third combiners arranged on the third carrier board; The third main control chip is connected to the third digital-to-analog converter, the third DC generation chip, and the second local oscillator microwave source respectively; The third digital-to-analog converter is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners; Each pair of output ends of the third combiner is respectively connected to the corresponding in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer, wherein the in-phase port and quadrature-phase port of the second mixer are used to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°; The third DC generating chip is connected to the at least one pair of third combiners; The second local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one second mixer; The third main control chip is used to receive the read signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, send a third pulse signal generation instruction to the third digital-to-analog converter according to the read signal waveform parameter information, send the second microwave signal generation instruction to the second local oscillator microwave source, and send a third DC generation control instruction to the third DC generation chip; The third digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the third pulse signal generation instruction; The third DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one pair of third DC signals according to the third DC generation control instruction; The third combiner is used to mix a pair of the third differential pulse signals and a phase-matched third DC signal to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a 90° phase difference, and output the third single-ended pulse signal to the corresponding second mixer; The second local oscillator microwave source is used to generate at least one second microwave signal according to the second microwave signal generation instruction, and output the second microwave signal to the corresponding second mixer respectively.

15. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 14, characterized in that: An in-phase port and a quadrature-phase port are provided on one side of the two opposite side surfaces of the cavity of the second mixer, and a local oscillator port and a radio frequency port are provided on the other side surface. The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the second mixer are respectively connected to the two signal output ports on the third functional main board, so as to receive the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports. The local oscillator port of the second mixer is used to receive the second microwave signal, so that the second mixer mixes the two received third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with the received second microwave signal to obtain the read signal and output it through the radio frequency port.

16. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The cavity of the second mixer includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip, and the components of the second mixer satisfy the following relationship: The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port; The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are respectively connected to the corresponding third combiner, the in-phase port is used to receive one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the quadrature-phase port is used to receive the other of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°; The local oscillator port is connected to the second local oscillator microwave source and is used to receive the second microwave signal; A ground hole is provided on the circuit board, and the idle pins of the IQ mixer chip are grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

17. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The acquisition subunit includes a fourth functional mainboard and at least one demodulator arranged outside the fourth functional mainboard; the fourth functional mainboard is connected to the at least one demodulator; The demodulator is used to receive a readout signal output from the quantum processor, mix the readout signal with the input third microwave signal, and demodulate to obtain a fourth single-ended pulse signal; the fourth functional mainboard is used to convert each of the fourth single-ended pulse signals into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals, process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals to obtain a quantum measurement and control experiment result, and process the quantum measurement and control experiment result, and return the processed quantum calculation result to the host computer.

18. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 17, characterized in that: The fourth functional mainboard includes a fourth carrier board and a fourth main control chip, an analog-to-digital converter, and at least one single-ended to differential converter arranged on the fourth carrier board; The fourth main control chip, the analog-to-digital converter and each of the single-ended to differential converters are respectively connected; Each of the single-ended to differential converters is connected to the corresponding demodulator; The single-ended to differential converter is used to convert the fourth single-ended pulse signal into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals; The analog-to-digital converter is used to process each pair of the fourth differential pulse signals to obtain the quantum measurement and control experiment results and send them to the fourth main control chip; The fourth main control chip is used to process the received quantum measurement and control experiment results and return the processed quantum calculation results to the host computer.

19. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 18, characterized in that: The fourth functional main board further includes at least one low-frequency amplifier disposed outside the fourth carrier board; The low-frequency amplifier is connected to the corresponding demodulator, and is used to amplify the readout signal and send the amplified signal to the demodulator.

20. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 18, characterized in that: The second local oscillator microwave source is further connected to the at least one demodulator, and is used to generate at least one third microwave signal; or, The fourth functional main board further includes a third local oscillator microwave source disposed on the fourth carrier board; The fourth main control chip is further configured to send a third microwave signal generation instruction to the third local oscillator microwave source; The third local oscillator microwave source is connected to the at least one demodulator and is configured to generate at least one third microwave signal according to a third microwave signal generation instruction.

21. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 18, characterized in that: The fourth functional main board further includes a trigger control pulse chip disposed on the fourth carrier board; The fourth main control chip is further used to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction of the host computer and send the trigger signal generation instruction to the trigger control pulse chip; The trigger control pulse chip is used to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction and generate the trigger signal.

22. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 18, characterized in that: The fourth functional mainboard further includes a synchronization signal buffer distribution chip disposed on the fourth carrier board; The fourth main control chip is further configured to receive a synchronization signal trigger instruction from the host computer and send a synchronization signal generation instruction to the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip; The synchronization signal buffer distribution chip is used to generate a synchronization signal after receiving a synchronization signal generation instruction.

23. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a clock switching module and a temperature-compensated clock chip; the temperature-compensated clock chip is integrated into the transmitting unit or the quantum analysis unit, and the temperature-compensated clock chip is used to generate the first clock signal; The input end of the clock switching module is connected to the temperature-compensated clock chip and an external clock source respectively; the external clock source is used to provide the first clock signal; The output end of the clock switching module is connected to the clock distribution unit; The clock switching module is used to switch and input the first clock signal emitted by the temperature compensated clock chip or the clock source.

24. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises at least one power distribution unit; The power distribution unit is respectively connected to the at least one transmitting unit, the at least one quantum analysis unit, the at least one trigger distribution unit and the at least one clock distribution unit.

25. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to claim 24, characterized in that: The power distribution unit includes a mechanical power switch, a power filter, a self-locking key switch, a splitter, at least one power conversion module and a power output connector; The mechanical power switch, the power filter, the splitter, the at least one power conversion module, and the power output connector are connected in sequence; The self-locking key switch is connected between the splitter and the at least one power conversion module; The mechanical power switch is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection with the external input power supply; The power filter is used to filter the input AC voltage signal of the input power supply; The self-locking key switch is used to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the output end of the splitter and the input end of at least one of the power conversion modules; The splitter is used to split the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one filtered input AC voltage signal; The power conversion module is configured to convert the filtered input AC voltage signal into at least one corresponding DC voltage signal; The power output connector is used to output each of the DC voltage signals to the corresponding quantum analysis unit, the transmitting unit, the trigger distribution unit, and the clock distribution unit.

26. The superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to any one of claims 2 to 25, characterized in that: The frequency range of the qubit drive signal is 4 GHz to 6 GHz; The frequency range of the quantum bit frequency modulation signal is 0 to 500 MHz; The frequency range of the read signal is 6 GHz to 8 GHz.

27. A superconducting quantum computer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a quantum processor and a superconducting quantum measurement and control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. A superconducting quantum computing system, characterized in that: include: A host computer, a superconducting quantum measurement and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, and a quantum processor; the host computer and the superconducting quantum measurement and control system are communicatively connected; wherein: The host computer is used to send measurement and control signal waveform parameter information and read signal waveform parameter information to the superconducting quantum measurement and control system, and receive quantum computing results returned by the quantum measurement and control system.

29. The superconducting quantum computing system according to claim 28, wherein: Also includes network communication equipment; The host computer and the superconducting quantum measurement and control system are communicatively connected via the network communication device.

Images