Rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge

Abstract

The invention discloses a rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge, and relates to the field of corona discharge detection.The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a surface radiation structure is arranged on the front face of the dielectric substrate, and the surface radiation structure is formed by arranging a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units in a rectangular double-helix mode; the rectangular double helix is composed of a first helix and a second helix which are centrosymmetric, each of the first helix and the second helix is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units, and the first helix and the second helix are embedded in a mosquito-repellent incense shape; the first helix and the second helix are respectively a grounding layer and a radiation element. The second-order Hilbert fractal antenna has the advantages that the second-order Hilbert fractal units are arranged in a rectangular double-helix manner to form a brand-new fractal antenna structure, resonance points of the antenna prepared by the structure can be smaller than-5dB within 100MHz-500MHz, the antenna has a wide detection range, and compared with an existing corona detection antenna, the accuracy is higher, and the gain is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of corona discharge detection, and in particular to a rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge. Background Art

[0002] Corona discharge on high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission line conductors in power systems can cause corona power loss, radio interference, television interference, and noise interference. For high-voltage electrical equipment, corona discharge can gradually damage the insulation performance of the equipment. Currently, corona discharge detection methods mainly include manual inspections, infrared thermal imaging, ultraviolet imaging, and radio frequency electromagnetic wave detection. Radio frequency electromagnetic wave detection determines the presence and intensity of the discharge by receiving the radio frequency electromagnetic wave signals generated by the corona discharge. It has the advantages of fast detection speed and remote detection, and is currently a hot topic in corona discharge detection research.

[0003] In radio frequency electromagnetic wave detection technology, antennas are key components for receiving signals, and their performance plays a decisive role in detection results. Traditional corona discharge detection antennas have numerous limitations. These include their large size, making them difficult to miniaturize and port, restricting their application on mobile platforms such as drones. Their narrow operating frequency bands fail to cover the broadband electromagnetic wave signals generated by corona discharge, resulting in low detection sensitivity. Furthermore, their high return loss affects signal reception efficiency and reduces detection accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] Provided is a rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge, comprising a dielectric substrate. A surface radiation structure is provided on the front surface of the dielectric substrate. The surface radiation structure is composed of a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units arranged in a rectangular double helix. The rectangular double helix is composed of a first helix and a second helix that are centrally symmetrical. The first helix and the second helix are both obtained by sequentially connecting a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units, and the first helix and the second helix are interlocked in a mosquito coil-like manner. The first helix and the second helix serve as a grounding layer and a radiation element, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, an SMA connector is provided at the center of the back side of the dielectric substrate, and two through holes are provided at the center of the dielectric substrate. One end of the first spiral and the second spiral close to the center of the dielectric substrate are respectively connected to the feeding end and the grounding end of the SMA connector through the two through holes.

[0008] Furthermore, the first spiral or the second spiral is provided with K turns of spiral lines, and the adjacent second-order Hilbert fractal units in the K turns of spiral lines have N=4K-1 times of 90° angle transformation, and 8K 2 A second-order Hilbert fractal unit; taking the center end of the dielectric substrate as the initial end, from the initial end, the n∈[1, N]th angle transformation appears at the kth n The second-order Hilbert fractal unit and the k-th n +1 second-order Hilbert fractal unit; and

[0009] Furthermore, the number of turns of the first spiral or the second spiral is K∈[1,8].

[0010] Furthermore, the number of turns of the first spiral or the second spiral is K=8.

[0011] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is made of FR4 material.

[0012] Furthermore, the size of the dielectric substrate is 116 mm×116 mm×1.6 mm.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] The present invention forms a new fractal antenna structure by using several second-order Hilbert fractal units arranged in a rectangular double spiral. The antenna prepared with this structure can have a resonance point within the range of 100MHz-500MHz less than -5dB, with a wider detection range. Compared with existing corona detection antennas, it has higher accuracy and better gain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the front structure of the 2-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna of Example 1;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the surface radiation structure of the 8-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna of Example 2;

[0017] Figure 3 is the S11 curve of the 8-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna of Example 2;

[0018] Figure 4 : This is a gain comparison diagram of the 8-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna of Example 2 and the existing fractal antenna;

[0019] Among them, 1. dielectric substrate, 2. first spiral, 3. second spiral, 4. through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concepts of the present invention are protected.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] A 2-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge includes a dielectric substrate 1 made of FR4 material. A surface radiation structure is provided on the front of the dielectric substrate 1. The surface radiation structure is composed of 32 second-order Hilbert fractal units arranged in a rectangular double helix. The rectangular double helix is composed of a first helix 2 and a second helix 3 that are centrally symmetrical. The first helix 2 and the second helix 3 are each obtained by sequentially connecting 16 second-order Hilbert fractal units. The first helix 2 and the second helix 3 are interlocked in a mosquito coil-like pattern. The first helix 2 and the second helix 3 are respectively a grounding layer and a radiation element. Figure 1 As shown, for easy observation, the first spiral 2 is marked with a red line. In specific implementation, the first spiral 2 and the second spiral 3 have no other differences except that they are respectively connected to the feeding terminal and the grounding terminal of the SMA connector.

[0023] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that both the first spiral 2 and the second spiral 3 have seven 90° angle changes. Starting from the center end of the dielectric substrate 1, the first angle change occurs between the first and second second-order Hilbert fractal units, i.e., k1 = 1. Similarly, the second to seventh angle changes occur between the second, fifth, eighth, thirteenth, eighteenth, and twenty-fifth second-order Hilbert fractal units and the next second-order Hilbert fractal unit, respectively.

[0024] An SMA connector is provided at the center of the back side of the dielectric substrate 1, and two through holes 4 are provided at the center of the dielectric substrate 1. The ends of the first spiral 2 and the second spiral 3 close to the center of the dielectric substrate 1 are respectively connected to the feeding end and the grounding end of the SMA connector through the two through holes 4.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] This embodiment is an 8-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4, the surface radiation structure is made of copper, and the entire antenna size is 116mm×116mm×1.6mm. Figure 2 shown.

[0027] The 8-turn rectangular double helix Hilbert fractal antenna was simulated using the simulation software ANSYS Electronic Desktop, and the following results were obtained: Figure 3 The S11 curve shown in the figure is Figure 3 It can be seen that the resonance points within the range of 100MHz-500MHz are all less than -5dB, which meets the detection requirements of corona discharge. Compared with the existing resonance points within the discontinuous frequency band that are less than -5dB, the resonance points of the rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna proposed in the present invention within the range of 100MHz-500MHz are all less than -5dB. Compared with the existing antenna, the antenna of the present invention has a wider detection range, that is, higher accuracy.

[0028] The antenna gain curve of an 8-turn rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna was simulated using the electromagnetic simulation software ANSYS Electronic Desktop. The serpentine Hilbert fractal antenna disclosed in the prior art "CN116365214B: A UAV Antenna and Detection Method for Corona Discharge Detection" and the single-helix Hilbert fractal antenna disclosed in "Rectangular Spiral Antenna With a Hilbert Unit for Detecting Corona Discharge in Overhead Lines" were used for comparison. Both antennas were designed with dimensions closest to those of the present embodiment, with the serpentine Hilbert fractal antenna measuring 130 mm × 130 mm × 1.6 mm and the single-helix Hilbert fractal antenna measuring 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.6 mm.

[0029] The results are as follows Figure 4 As shown by Figure 4 It can be seen that the gain of the rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna proposed in the present invention is significantly higher than that of the two existing fractal antennas.

Claims

1. A rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate (1), wherein a surface radiation structure is provided on the front surface of the dielectric substrate (1), wherein the surface radiation structure is composed of a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units arranged in a rectangular double helix, and the rectangular double helix is composed of a first helix (2) and a second helix (3) which are centrally symmetrical, wherein the first helix (2) and the second helix (3) are both obtained by sequentially connecting a plurality of second-order Hilbert fractal units, and the first helix (2) and the second helix (3) are interlocked in a mosquito coil type; the first helix (2) and the second helix (3) are respectively a grounding layer and a radiation element.

2. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: An SMA connector is provided at the center of the back side of the dielectric substrate (1), and two through holes (4) are provided at the center of the dielectric substrate (1); one end of the first spiral (2) and the second spiral (3) close to the center of the dielectric substrate (1) are respectively connected to the feeding end and the grounding end of the SMA connector through the two through holes (4).

3. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spiral (2) or the second spiral (3) is provided with K turns of spiral lines, and the adjacent second-order Hilbert fractal units in the K turns of spiral lines have N=4K-1 times of 90° angle transformation, and 8K 2 A second-order Hilbert fractal unit; with the center end of the dielectric substrate (1) as the initial end, from the initial end, the n∈[1, N]th angle transformation occurs at the kth n The second-order Hilbert fractal unit and the k-th n +1 second-order Hilbert fractal unit; and 4. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of turns of the first spiral (2) or the second spiral (3) is K∈[1,8].

5. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of turns of the first spiral (2) or the second spiral (3) is K=8.

6. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) is made of FR4 material.

7. The rectangular double-helix Hilbert fractal antenna for detecting corona discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The size of the dielectric substrate (1) is 116 mm×116 mm×1.6 mm.

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