Vibration prevention and control method for tea lesser leafhopper prevention and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration prevention and control method for prevention and control of tea lesser leafhopper, and relates to the field, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, analyzing a tea lesser leafhopper courtship behavior mode, and determining the vibration signal characteristics of courtship communication of the tea lesser leafhopper; s2, synthesizing a specific interference signal to block the communication of the courtship; s3, optimizing a signal propagation and playback strategy according to the tea garden environment parameters; s4, realizing population dynamic regulation and control in combination with a field application mode; the tea lesser leafhopper courtship behavior mode comprises five stages of male worm calling, female worm recognition, male worm positioning, love seeking and mating. According to the vibration prevention and control method for the field population of the tea lesser leafhopper, the decline rate of leafhopper population in an interference signal coverage area reaches 61.5%, the control effect is 71.5%, and the decline rate and the control effect are obviously lower than those in a contrast area; interference time periods and areas are optimized on the basis of the dipole rhythm and spatial distribution, so that the equipment energy consumption is reduced by 30%, and the service life is prolonged; the pesticide composition has no obvious influence on natural enemies (such as spiders and hymenoptera insects), and the pesticide usage amount is reduced by 50% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to physical prevention and control of agricultural pests, and specifically to a vibration prevention and control method for tea green leafhopper. Background Art

[0002] The tea green leafhopper is a major piercing-sucking pest of tea trees in my country. Its high reproductive capacity and significant generational overlap make chemical pesticide control a risk for pesticide resistance and environmental pollution. Leafhoppers in the family Cicadidae generally rely on vibration signals for courtship communication. Males transmit vibration signals through host plants to search for females, who respond with specific signals to attract males. Using vibration jamming (VMD) to disrupt these courtship signals is a novel, environmentally friendly, physical control strategy.

[0003] Prior art has made progress in controlling grape leafhoppers with vibration interference. However, the complex tea plant environment lacks a solid carrier for transmitting interference signals. Furthermore, the courtship signal characteristics, field transmission patterns, and effective interference strategies of the tea green leafhopper remain largely unexplored. This invention, based on the courtship behavior patterns and vibration signal characteristics of the tea green leafhopper, has developed a highly effective vibration control method, filling a technological gap in the physical vibration control of tea pests.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a vibration control method for the prevention and control of tea green leafhopper in order to solve the problems raised above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a vibration control method for controlling tea green leafhoppers to solve the current problems raised by the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Analyze the courtship behavior patterns of tea green leafhoppers and determine the vibration signal characteristics of their courtship communication;

[0008] S2: Synthesize specific interference signals to block courtship communication;

[0009] S3: Optimize signal propagation and playback strategies based on tea garden environmental parameters;

[0010] S4: Combine field application models to achieve dynamic population control.

[0011] Preferably, the courtship behavior pattern of the tea green leafhopper includes five stages: male calling, female identification, male positioning, courtship and mating. The calling signal (MCaS) released by the male includes three components: S0, S1 and S2. The fundamental frequency of S1 increases over time (MR>0), the main frequency / fundamental frequency of S0 and S2 remains consistent in the pulse train, and the frequency of S2 changes dynamically. The female identification signal (FS1) is a single pulse harmonic structure and the fundamental frequency decreases over time (MR<0).

[0012] Preferably, the specific interference signal is a mating interference signal (MDS) released during male insect competition behavior, and its spectral parameters are: main frequency 266.32~448Hz, composed of multiple single pulses, single pulse harmonic structure and fundamental frequency decreasing over time (MR<0), intensity threshold ≥5μm / s, and repeated pulse interval ≤0.3s.

[0013] Preferably, the tea garden environmental parameters include:

[0014] The spatial distribution of tea green leafhoppers' courtship is concentrated on the 6th to 8th leaves (mature leaves) below the buds of the tea tree's production branches;

[0015] The courtship circadian rhythm shows a morning peak (5:00-10:00) and an evening peak (17:00-22:00);

[0016] The attenuation coefficient (α) of vibration signals in air is 0.0277, which is significantly lower than that in soil (α=0.4825).

[0017] Preferably, the signal playback strategy includes:

[0018] Use directional speakers (such as FSC5) to transmit sound waves carrying interference signals, ensuring that the angle between the main vein of the blade and the direction of the sound wave is ≥30° to maximize signal pickup efficiency;

[0019] An interference signal radiation sound field is constructed, and the signal intensity is ≥5μm / s in the coverage area. The intensity threshold for inhibiting courtship between male and female insects is 5μm / s.

[0020] Preferably, the field application mode includes:

[0021] From early April to November, when leafhoppers are present, jamming signals were broadcast daily during the peak courtship periods (5:00-10:00 and 17:00-22:00);

[0022] Use remote intelligent monitoring equipment (such as a machine vision leafhopper identification system) to adjust the interference period and equipment operating status based on the dynamic insect population in the field;

[0023] When adult leafhoppers appear in the field, turn on the loudspeaker to transmit interference signals for vibration prevention and control. When the insect population exceeds the prevention and control threshold (12 heads / 100 shoots), use biological pesticides (such as pyrethrins) for emergency prevention and control.

[0024] Preferably, the activity rate of leafhoppers increases under vibration wave stress, which can increase the number of leafhoppers attracted by light and color. The method also includes the coordinated application of light and color technology, wherein:

[0025] The light trapping technology uses a single-wave LED insecticidal lamp to prevent leafhoppers from escaping, with one lamp deployed every 3-5 mu to reduce the base number of adult insects;

[0026] The color luring technology uses insect traps (to lure and kill adult insects), with 20-30 insect traps hung per acre.

[0027] Preferably, the vibration prevention and control equipment includes:

[0028] Directional loudspeakers (placed around the fields to enhance the reproduction strength of interference signals within the fields, while avoiding noise pollution around the fields during technical implementation);

[0029] Omnidirectional loudspeakers (placed inside the field to create a sound field for interference signal radiation);

[0030] Omnidirectional speakers are used to output sound waves carrying interference signals in the field to construct an interference signal radiation sound field, ensuring that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves inside the field is higher than the effective threshold, while ensuring that the sound wave intensity outside the field is lower than 40 dB to avoid noise pollution. Directional speakers are used at the edge of the field to play sound waves carrying interference signals inside, ensuring that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves at the edge of the field is higher than the effective threshold.

[0031] The IoT remote control system supports signal type and intensity adjustment, equipment operation time, and real-time monitoring of equipment switches.

[0032] Preferably, the method can significantly reduce the mating rate of tea green leafhoppers, and 24 hours of continuous interference can make the mating rate ≤10%, and has no significant effect on the population size of dominant natural enemies (such as spiders and Hymenoptera insects) in tea gardens.

[0033] Preferably, the system controls the loudspeakers deployed around and in the central area of the tea garden, and achieves precise blocking of the courtship communication of the tea green leafhopper through internal playback and edge-directional propagation of interference signals, and the insect population reduction rate in the signal coverage area is ≥60%, and the amount of pesticide used is reduced by ≥50%.

[0034] (1) Creation of the courtship interference signal of the tea green leafhopper

[0035] Analysis of courtship behavior

[0036] The courtship behavior of the tea green leafhopper consists of five stages: male calling (MCaS signal), female recognition (FS1 signal), male positioning, courtship (MCoS signal), and mating. During competition, males release mating disruption signals (MDS) and masking signals (DP). MDS significantly prolongs the male MCaS interval, inhibiting courtship communication between male and female leafhoppers.

[0037] Interference signal screening and synthesis

[0038] Using a laser vibrometer to collect natural competing signals, analysis revealed that the MDS is the optimal interference signal. Its characteristics include: a series of single pulses with a main frequency of 266.32 to 448 Hz, a harmonic structure with a fundamental frequency that decreases over time (MR < 0), and an effective intensity threshold of 5 μm / s or higher. When synthesizing the signal, the repetitive pulse interval is ≤ 0.3 seconds to prevent leafhoppers from using blank periods to communicate.

[0039] (2) Application conditions of vibration interference technology in tea garden scenes

[0040] Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics

[0041] The tea leafhopper's mating season is concentrated on the sixth to eighth leaves below the bud (mature leaves). The peak times are morning (5:00-10:00) and evening (17:00-22:00) and evening (5:00-22:00) daily, representing the active mating period. Interference signals should focus on areas with mature leaves and be broadcast more frequently during these peak times.

[0042] Signal propagation and pickup

[0043] A directional speaker (such as the FSC5) transmits sound waves through the air to the tea leaves. The projected area of the leaf is negatively correlated with the vibration velocity (Pearson = -0.823, P < 0.001). Therefore, the speaker angle should be adjusted so that the angle between the main veins of the leaf and the direction of the sound wave is ≥ 30° to maximize signal pickup efficiency.

[0044] Effective intensity threshold

[0045] The MDS intensity threshold for suppressing male insect calls is 20 μm / s, and the threshold for suppressing mating is 5 μm / s. Field applications require power adjustment to ensure that the interference signal intensity reproduced on mature tea leaves in the signal coverage area is ≥ 5 μm / s.

[0046] (3) Field application model of vibration interference technology

[0047] Equipment layout and operation

[0048] Equipment selection: Use omnidirectional speakers to be placed inside the field, play sound waves carrying interference signals, build an interference signal radiation sound field, ensure that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves inside the field is higher than the effective threshold, and at the same time ensure that the sound wave intensity outside the field is lower than 40 dB to avoid noise pollution. Use directional speakers, place them around the field, play sound waves carrying interference signals inside, and ensure that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves at the edge of the field is higher than the effective threshold.

[0049] Broadcasting strategy: After adult leafhoppers emerge in early April, broadcast MDS signals daily from 5:00 AM to 10:00 AM and 5:00 PM to 10:00 PM, continuing until the insect population falls below 5 per day in November. Suspend broadcasts during off-peak hours to extend equipment life.

[0050] Integrated prevention and control strategies

[0051] Monitoring and early warning: Use remote intelligent monitoring equipment (such as a leafhopper identification system based on machine vision) to track the dynamics of leafhopper adult populations in real time, and adjust signal categories, signal strength, and interference periods based on platform feedback data.

[0052] Collaborative control: Combined with light-attracting technology (such as single-wave LED to prevent leafhoppers from escaping) to reduce the base number of adult insects; when the insect population exceeds the control threshold (12 heads / 100 branches), emergency control is supplemented with biological pesticides (such as pyrethrins).

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] (1) Highly efficient pest control: The leafhopper population reduction rate in the interference signal coverage area reached 61.5%, and the prevention efficiency was 71.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the blank control area.

[0055] (2) Eco-friendly: It has no significant impact on natural enemies (such as spiders and Hymenoptera insects), and reduces the use of pesticides by more than 50%.

[0056] (3) Precise energy saving: Based on the courtship rhythm and spatial distribution, the interference period and area are optimized, the energy consumption of the equipment is reduced by 30%, and the service life is extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tea tree production branch structure and leafhopper distribution of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 The oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of the vibration signal of the tea green leafhopper of the present invention are shown;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the courtship behavior pattern of the tea green leafhopper of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interference signal screening results of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of courtship behavior of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the effect of the noise field on the courtship behavior of leafhoppers on tea branches;

[0063] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the application pattern of the vibration prevention technology of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the field control effect data of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the vibration prevention method of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the effect of leaf age on the physical properties of six leaves in the present invention;

[0067] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the blade area on the pickup signal strength of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the activity of leafhoppers on tea branches under sound stress in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] See also Figures 1-9 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibration control method for preventing and controlling tea green leafhoppers.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Tea tree is a cultivated shrub crop with a typical hierarchical structure (such as Figure 1The upper layer is the production branch, with tea buds at the top and leaves of different ages below the buds. The base of the production branch is connected to the lignified side branches of the tea. The adults and nymphs of the leafhopper like to feed on the mesophyll cells in the phloem of young leaves and stems, so they are mostly distributed in the upper layer of the shrub during the feeding stage. Leafhoppers can complete their life cycle and reproduce on the branches of the tea tree. During the peak period of leafhoppers, vigorously growing tea branches (Longjing 43) were collected from the tea garden as feeding materials for leafhoppers. All tea branches were free of pests and diseases. The collected tea branches were immediately cut into water-filled floral mud, kept upright, and covered with plastic wrap to prevent moisture loss. The tea branches used in the experiment were selected from branches with 10 leaves from the top to the base, and the leaves could be distinguished from young leaves and mature leaves in appearance. The 10 leaves on the tea branches were numbered, starting from the first leaf below the bud as i=1, and i increased with the increase of leaf age until the tenth leaf i=10 ( Figure 1 Middle b) During the peak leafhopper season, adult leafhoppers were collected from tea gardens and fed on tea branches in cages (60×60×60 cm). The insectary was maintained at a temperature of 25±2°C and a humidity of 70±5% on a L14:D10 cycle. Following egg laying, F1 leafhopper nymphs that hatched were transferred to individual cages (25×25×35 cm, transparent acrylic, polished surfaces) for feeding, as previously described. After reaching the fifth instar, each nymph was transferred to a Drosophila tube (24×95 mm) to raise unmated adults. Each tube was labeled with the age and sex of the adult at eclosion. Unmated adults 7 days after eclosion were selected for subsequent experiments. Both male and female nymphs were kept in a non-starved state.

[0073] During the leafhopper rearing process, we intentionally raised some leafhoppers alone and collected data on their courtship rhythm, mating peak, and egg-laying behavior characteristics.

[0074] Signal acquisition and behavioral observation

[0075] All experiments were conducted in an anechoic and vibration-isolating laboratory, maintained under the same conditions as the insectary: a temperature of 25 ± 2°C, a humidity of 70 ± 5%, and a rhythm of L14:D10. Vibration signals emitted by leafhoppers during courtship were collected using a laser vibrometer. The signals were sampled at a 48 kHz rate and 16-bit depth and stored directly on a computer hard drive using a Sound Blaster Audigy 4 sound card and CoolEdit Pro2. Spectral and temporal parameters of the signals were analyzed using Adobe Audition 2021, employing fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). Video recordings were transferred in real time using Windows Movie Maker 2.0 and saved to a computer.

[0076] An experiment observing the courtship behavior of leafhopper pairs was conducted on tea branches. Before the experiment began, a laser vibrometer and video camera were activated. A female was placed in an acrylic cover. After landing on a tea leaf and remaining motionless, the laser vibrometer's sampling point was positioned on the leaf. The female was observed in real time for FS signals, and a camera was used to record the leafhopper's behavior on the leaf at close range. A male was then placed in an acrylic cover. After landing on a tea leaf, the laser vibrometer's sampling point was positioned on the leaf. The male was observed in real time for MCaS signals. The leaf locations (i) where the female and male first emitted signals were recorded. Simultaneously, two cameras were used to remotely record the male's movements. Females remained on their original leaves throughout the courtship process; any females that flew away while the male was locating them were not counted. The experiment was terminated if mating occurred or if the test insects failed to mate for more than 2 hours. A total of 203 pairs of leafhoppers were observed and recorded during courtship on tea branches.

[0077] The signal of the female responding to the male's MCaS is FS1, and the FS after MCaS is FS2 ( Figure 2 Newly identified signals include the pulse signal PCP emitted when the male insect contacts the female insect before mating ( Figure 2 b) and signals from competitive behavior ( Figure 2 c, d); the parameters of vibration signals MCaS, FS, MDS, DP, PCP include: signal duration, number of pulses (N pulses ), pulse repetition time (PRT), dominant frequency (Df); Since most female insects maintain their position unchanged during courtship, we also measured the relative amplitude of the female insect FS signal; MCaS consists of three parts, S0, S1 and S2 ( Figure 2 In Figures a and c), the main frequencies / fundamental frequencies of S0 and S2 remain consistent throughout the pulse train, while the frequency of S2 changes dynamically. We measured the Df of each pulse in S2, as well as the Df at the start, three internal points, and the end point of the FS. We performed a linear fit with the signal time t as the independent variable and Df as the dependent variable. The slope of the curve is the modulation rate (MR) of the signal.

[0078] Experimental results

[0079] Characteristics of courtship signals of tea green leafhopper

[0080] The courtship signal of leafhoppers is a harmonic wave, consisting of a fundamental frequency and several overtones. The female insect signal FS is a typical single pulse harmonic structure, and the fundamental frequency decreases over time (MR FS <0); First, we compared the differences between FS1 and FS2 signal parameters. The results showed that the signal length, amplitude and MR FSThere were significant differences between the two signals (P<0.01) (Table 1-1). The relative amplitude of FS2 was 3.4±1.39dB lower than that of FS1, indicating that FS1 and FS2 are two very different signals emitted by female insects. There were no significant differences in FS1 signal length and slope between individuals (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in FS2 signal length (P<0.05) and slope (P<0.01), indicating that FS2 exhibits significant variability between individuals.

[0081]

[0082] MCaS consists of three parts, including S0, S1 and S2, and the fundamental frequency of S1 will increase over time (MR MCaS-S1 >0), S0 and S2 remained stable (Table 1-2);

[0083]

[0084] There were no significant differences in the signal parameters (S0, S1, and S2), PTR, pulse number, and MR of FS1 between different individuals (P>0.05), indicating that the dispersion of these signal parameters between different individuals was small. Figure 2 Middle b).

[0085] Courtship behavior patterns of tea green leafhopper

[0086] Similar to other leafhoppers, the courtship behavior pattern of the tea green leafhopper is conservative and consists of five stages: male calling, female recognition, male positioning, courtship and mating ( Figure 3 In all tests (N=203), a total of 120 trials in which both male and female insects sent out courtship signals and completed the recognition duet, of which only 64 / 120 (53.3%) pairs of leafhoppers completed mating within 2 hours. Of the trials with successful mating, 31.25% (20 / 64) completed in the morning and 68.75% completed in the evening. Of the trials with unsuccessful mating (139), 83 failures were due to the female insect not responding to the male insect within 2 hours, 53 trials ended in the positioning stage (positioning failure), and 3 trials ended in the pre-mating stage.

[0087] During the calling phase, 92.19% of males (59 / 64) first emitted MCaS, and only in 5 treatments did females spontaneously emit FS signals. In the absence of female responses, males would continuously release 2-3 MCaSs. MM (An evaluation index of the delay effect of other signals on the male insect's chirping) is 0.62±9.1s. When a female insect responds, the male and female communication forms a recognition duet, t MM Significantly increased (1.01±0.31s, P<0.001, Figure 2 In middle (a), male insects sometimes release MCaS again for secondary recognition, and then enter the positioning stage.

[0088] Positioning is the core stage of the entire courtship behavior, and the time spent (10.83±19.98min) can account for more than 90% of the entire courtship process. Male insects can complete positioning in as fast as 0.27min. Sometimes male insects will pause positioning and restart positioning from the identification stage, so it takes multiple positioning cycles to complete, with the slowest time taking 110.47min. During the positioning process, 51.56% of male insects (33 / 64) can find the female insect within one positioning cycle, which takes 1.56±0.99min; 29.69% of male insects (19 / 64) need 2-6 positioning cycles to complete positioning, which takes 5.37±3.62min. After more than 6 positioning cycles, the positioning time can reach 44.97±25.62min. During the positioning process, imf does not affect the positioning time. The number of positioning cycles (n L ) and the entire positioning process takes time (t L ) were positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.92, R 2 <0.001), when 6>n L When the number of males was >2, the interval between positioning cycles ranged from 0.05 to 4.17 minutes. 28.13% (18 / 64) of males immediately moved to a nearby stem after releasing MCaS on a leaf, awaiting a response from a potential female, even when both were on the same leaf. Most females remained in the same position during positioning; in three trials, females moved to other leaves while maintaining the positioning duet. Males sometimes misjudged direction during movement, even moving to the wrong leaf.

[0089] When the male and female insects are on the same leaf and the distance between them is less than about 5 mm, the male insect will release courtship signals and jump up to try to mate with the female insect, forming 1 to 2 characteristic pulses (Df = 245.48 ± 22.99 Hz, length 0.15 ± 0.042 s) ( Figure 2 (b in the figure); however, 12.5% (8 / 64) of the females refused to mate at this stage and moved, even flying to other leaves. The males then pursued the females, courting them again and attempting copulation. As mentioned above, 27.3% (3 / 11) of the tests resulted in mating failure due to female rejection.

[0090] Courtship interference signals of tea green leafhopper

[0091] The tests include:

[0092] (1) Three MDS signals from different individuals were selected: MDS1, MDS2, and MDS3, each with a length of 4.48 s. After the male insect released the MCaS signal for the first time, the replay was performed and the t MM And the total courtship time (Courtship time) and compare.

[0093] (2) MDS1 was selected to continuously interfere with the courtship recognition and positioning stages of leafhoppers (the signal was only played back once), with the interference length being 10 minutes and 1 hour, and the t MM And compare.

[0094] (3) Using MDS1, we subjected leafhoppers to long-term interference based on their courtship rhythm for 3, 5, and 24 hours, and counted the number of mating pairs. The intensity of MDS and white noise was 15 μm / s. In experiments (1) and (2), white noise was used as the effective control, and no interference was used as the blank control.

[0095] Experimental results

[0096] MDS can effectively block and inhibit the courtship communication of leafhoppers as an interference signal. MM The MDS signals of different male insects showed different effects in suppressing the singing of male leafhoppers. Although the effect did not reach the significant level, MDS1 was better than MDS2 and MDS3. The inhibitory effect of MDS1 on male insect courtship behavior was significantly higher than the two controls ( Figure 4 A in (P<0.01); MDS interference once had no significant effect on the communication time required for leafhoppers from courtship to mating.

[0097] Whether it was 10 minutes or 1 hour, when MDS playback was implemented during the courtship recognition phase, all leafhoppers were unable to complete mating; when white noise interference was implemented during the recognition phase, 60% of the leafhoppers mated, and all leafhoppers mated during the positioning phase. The effect of white noise on the mating rate of leafhoppers was not significantly different from that of the blank control, indicating that white noise had no interference or inhibitory effect on the courtship communication of leafhoppers. MM The values were significantly higher than those in the positioning stage (P<0.05, Figure 4 Middle B).

[0098] MDS interference was implemented during the peak courtship period of leafhoppers. The broadcast duration was 3 hours. During the morning peak (5-8am), one pair of leafhoppers completed mating (N=30). Within 20 minutes after the interference ended, four pairs of leafhoppers mated. During the evening peak (5-8pm), no leafhoppers completed mating. After the interference ended, three pairs of leafhoppers mated. During the 5-hour broadcast duration, two pairs of leafhoppers completed mating during the morning peak (5-8am). Within 20 minutes after the interference ended, only one pair of leafhoppers mated. During the evening peak (5-8pm), one pair of leafhoppers completed mating. After the interference ended, no leafhoppers mated. After 24 hours of continuous interference, only three pairs of leafhoppers mated (mating rate 10%), which was significantly lower than the blank control (mating rate 81.25%) ( Figure 4 In conclusion, MDS can significantly inhibit the courtship communication of leafhoppers. Covering the peak courtship period of leafhoppers in the morning and evening for 5 h can significantly inhibit the mating rate of leafhoppers. MDS can serve as an interference signal for leafhoppers' courtship.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] Spatial distribution of courtship behavior of tea green leafhopper

[0101] Experimental design

[0102] Tea green leafhoppers exhibit spatial patterns in their courtship on productive branches of tea trees. Details of the test insects, plants, and signal collection methods are described in Example 1. This experiment was conducted on tea branches. For each test, we recorded the leaf (i) on which the first male and female insect emitted the signal. We then counted the number of male and female insects distributed across different leaves. Using i as the variable and n as the dependent variable, we analyzed the distribution patterns of male and female insects on tea branches during courtship and the location of the peak n. The number of replicates was 120 for each individual.

[0103] Experimental results

[0104] Can also be combined with Figure 9 , we can first decipher the vibration signals and behavioral patterns of leafhopper courtship, edit specific courtship signals, synthesize interference signals, and interfere with leafhopper courtship communications by replaying them to clarify the effective signal intensity threshold and playback mode. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of tea leafhopper courtship on tea tree production branches are regular. During the courtship period, leafhoppers prefer to send courtship signals on mature leaves of tea trees. Both female and male insects are mostly distributed on the 6th to 8th leaves below the bud, with the peak distribution position of male insects being the 6.855th leaf below the bud (N=120, R 2 =0.941, Figure 5 a in the figure), the female insect is on the 6.769th leaf below the bud (N=120, R 2 =0.948, Figure 5 b) in the above example.

[0105] Circadian rhythm of courtship behavior of tea green leafhopper

[0106] For details on the test insects, plants, and signal collection methods, see Example 1. This experiment was conducted on a single leaf. A laser vibrometer was used to continuously monitor the number of courtship signals emitted per hour by a single 7-day-old male or female insect in a 6-cm diameter petri dish over a 24-hour period. Ten replicates were performed for each male and female insect. To clarify the daily mating characteristics of leafhoppers, 60 pairs of adult leafhoppers (one male and one female) were selected daily and housed individually in fruit fly tubes. The number of mating leafhopper pairs per hour was continuously measured over a 24-hour period. Treatments that did not mate after 24 hours were not counted. The experiment was repeated five times.

[0107] Experimental results

[0108] During the courtship period, both male and female leafhoppers spontaneously send out courtship signals throughout the day. The average activity of males is 4.87±0.43 times / hour, which is more active than that of females (1.59±0.15 times / hour). The peak of signal stimulation is concentrated in the morning and evening of each day. Figure 5 The peak activity of male insects in the morning is at 6:45 (R 2 =0.899, P<0.01), and the peak activity period in the evening was 19:21 (R 2 =0.709, P<0.01); the female insects were active at 6:38 in the morning (R 2 =0.696, P<0.05), and evening activity occurred at 18:55 (R 2 =0.855,P<0.01).

[0109] Pickup characteristics of tea branches for acoustic vibration signals

[0110] The plant material and signal collection method are detailed in Example 1

[0111] Testing the physical properties of tea tree leaves

[0112] After spring pruning, tea trees grow with apical dominance, with new branches growing with one bud and multiple leaves in summer and autumn. In autumn, when leafhoppers are at their peak, tea branches are immediately planted in a sponge filled with water after pruning. From top to bottom, the leaves below the tea bud are numbered by age (i = 1, 2…10, e.g. Figure 1). According to the Standardized Measurement Manual for Plant Leaf Traits, six leaf traits including leaf area (cm2), leaf thickness (mm), leaf width (mm), main vein length (mm), leaf edge circumference (mm) and hardness (g) were measured in the laboratory. First, an intelligent high-precision leaf area meter was used to measure leaf area, leaf width, main vein length and leaf edge circumference. A texture analyzer (TA type) was used to measure leaf hardness. Equipped with a needle probe (P / 2N-2mm). The speeds before, during and after the measurement were 1, 2 and 10 mm / s respectively, and the trigger force was 0.05g. The measuring points were distributed at 8 positions on both sides of the main vein of the leaf. Finally, a vernier caliper was used to measure the leaf thickness at the same eight positions on the leaf.

[0113] Test the effect of the second blade area on the pickup signal strength

[0114] During the transmission of the interference signal, the physical properties of tea leaves are inherently determined. Changing the direction of the sound waves can only indirectly alter the effective signal pickup area of the tea plant. Therefore, the only factor considered in this test is the effective area of the tea leaf. This experiment used a directional loudspeaker to play the leafhopper's interference signal, the MDS. Directional speakers generate directional sound waves, and the sound energy emitted by this system propagates linearly in a fixed direction. A tea leaf (the seventh leaf below the bud) was taken, with the front of the leaf perpendicular to the sound wave propagation direction. The angle between the main vein and the sound wave direction (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) was varied to change the leaf's projected area in the direction of the sound wave. The effect of this projected area on the leaf's pickup signal intensity was analyzed. The control was the vibration velocity of the tea leaf under quiet conditions. Eight biological replicates (eight leaves) and four technical replicates (MDS intensity was measured four times on each leaf, and the main frequency intensity was averaged).

[0115] Testing the vibration intensity of tea leaves on tea branches under a three-stable sound field

[0116] It is known that vibrational signals (including MDS) that reproduce leafhopper courtship signals can be transmitted and stimulated through the air, suppressing the courtship behavior of 17 leafhoppers on tea branches. Therefore, we used directional loudspeakers to create a sound field containing MDS or white noise. Tea branches were placed within the sound field and inoculated with pairs of sexually mature leafhoppers to investigate the effects of noise stress on leafhopper courtship behavior. Growing tea branches were placed 20 cm apart at different locations within the sound field. Sexually mature leafhoppers were attached to the branch closest to the loudspeaker. Treatments included 15 pairs of sexually mature leafhoppers, 30 individual females, or 30 individual males. The insects were covered with a transparent mesh cage to prevent escape. After a 10-minute rest period, the loudspeaker was turned on to play noise (MDS and white noise) for 2 hours. The number of leafhoppers perched and mating on each branch was counted every 15 minutes. A control was not subjected to noise stress. The intensity of the sound waves at different spacings and the vibration intensity (speed) of the leaves on the tea branches were measured. The experiment was repeated four times.

[0117] With the increase of leaf age, the leaf thickness (F 8,171 =29.308,P<0.001, leaf width (F 8,171 =4.381, P<0.001, main vein length (F 8,171 =4.063,P<0.001, leaf margin circumference (F 8,171 =3.833,i<0.001), leaf area (welch 8,69.928 =13.33, P < 0.001) gradually increased and stabilized after the third and fourth leaves below the bud; the leaf hardness gradually increased (F 8,171 =23.088, P < 0.001), peaked at the sixth leaf (i = 6), and then decreased after the ninth leaf (e.g. Figure 10 ).

[0118] As the angle between the main vein of the blade and the direction of the sound wave decreases, the projected area of the blade in the direction of the sound wave gradually decreases. When the angle is lower than 30°, the projected area does not show a significant difference (P>0.05; Figure A below). The vibration velocity of the blade in the MDS sound field gradually decreases, and when the angle is lower than 30°, there is no significant difference in the intensity change (P>0.05; Figure B below). There is a significant negative correlation between the projected area of the blade in the direction of the sound wave and the vibration velocity of the blade (Pearson=-0.823, P<0.001). The larger the projected area, the greater the blade vibration velocity. Figure 11 .

[0119] The directional loudspeaker was used to construct a sound field of MDS or white noise. In the MDS sound field, the number of leafhoppers at the closest position to the sound field (20 cm) decreased over time ( Figure 12In the figure (A, B, C), leafhoppers move from near to far, which means that leafhoppers are more active under the influence of MDS. In contrast, in the white noise-covered sound field, the number of leafhoppers at the closest position to the sound field (20 cm) also decreases over time ( Figure 12 A, B, C); 2 hours later, the ratios of females, males, and paired leafhoppers at 20 cm from the speaker were significantly different from those in the blank control (P < 0.05; Figure 12 A', B', C'), but there was no significant difference in the number of female insects at the distance from the speaker ( Figure 12 The experiment is as follows:

[0120] Propagation and attenuation laws of vibration signals in tea garden scenes

[0121] This experiment used directional loudspeakers (for airborne signals) and vibrators (for soil-borne signals) of varying power to replay vibration signals in a tea garden and analyze the signal attenuation characteristics in the two different transmission media. The vibrator test system consists of a low-frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, a vibrator, a soil vibration detector, a preamplifier circuit, and an oscilloscope. An interference signal is applied to the vibrator, converted into a vibration signal, which is then transmitted through the soil layer to the roots, stems, and leaves of the tea plants. A laser vibrometer measures the leaf vibrations and analyzes the vibration spectrum. The interference signal is applied to a loudspeaker, converted into a digital sound wave, and then transmitted through the air to the tea leaves, stimulating the leaves to generate vibration signals. The laser vibrometer measures the leaf vibrations and further analyzes the vibration spectrum.

[0122] The tea trees in the garden are flourishing, and the variety is Longjing 43. The directional loudspeaker power is 20W, the vibrator power is 100W, and the vibration signals are a 200-500Hz sinusoidal signal and an MDS interference signal. In addition to the sensors in the aforementioned system, a digital laser vibrometer is used to collect leaf vibration intensity, with the measurement location being the sixth leaf below the productive branch of the tea tree. The vibrator test distances are 0.6, 0.85, 1.1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 4.5 meters, respectively; the loudspeaker test distances are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, and 20 meters, respectively, with 30 replicates per test. After signal acquisition, the recorded MDS is played back indoors at an adjusted intensity to interfere with the courtship communication of male and female leafhoppers to verify the signal's accurate reproduction (and biological function). Furthermore, based on the attenuation law of mechanical waves in a medium, the attenuation coefficient (α) of the vibration signal intensity (I) is calculated using formula (1-2).

[0123] During the propagation of vibration waves, the intensity attenuation law is: I=I0e -ad (1-1).

[0124] Where I0 represents the initial sound intensity at the vibration source, I is the intensity of the vibration wave at a distance d in the medium, and α is the attenuation coefficient. Taking the logarithm of both sides of formula (2-1) yields lnI=lnI0–αd(1-2).

[0125] There is a linear relationship between lnI and d, and the slope of the straight line after linear fitting is the attenuation coefficient of intensity.

[0126] Experimental results

[0127] By collecting vibration signals from tea leaves after airborne and soil-borne transmission, playback tests showed that male insects could effectively suppress MCaS emissions, indicating that both signal playback methods can effectively reproduce interference signals. Whether airborne or soil-borne, the vibration intensity of the signal excited by the tea leaf decreases with increasing distance, and the signal intensity decays linearly with increasing distance. The attenuation coefficient α of the vibration signal propagating in the soil is 0.4825 (R 2 =0.8241), and α in the air is 0.0277 (R 2 =0.0.3703), the attenuation rate of vibration waves propagating in air is much lower than that propagating in soil.

[0128] Example 3

[0129] Application and effect evaluation of vibration interference technology equipment in tea gardens

[0130] Field application model of vibration control technology for tea green leafhopper

[0131] The occurrence period of tea green leafhoppers in tea gardens is from April to November each year, with peak periods in May and October to November. When the (overwintering) leafhoppers appear in the tea garden in early April, it means that the first generation of leafhoppers has begun to court. At this time, the vibration control equipment can be turned on to continuously play interference signals to suppress the courtship communication of tea garden leafhoppers. At the same time, light trapping technology can be used to jointly trap and kill leafhoppers in the field to reduce the number of adult leafhoppers ( Figure 7During the first peak bloom period, if the leafhopper count on the monitoring device remains below 5 per day, the leafhopper population is significantly suppressed. If the leafhopper population increases instead of decreasing and exceeds the pesticide control threshold (12 per 100 branches), emergency pesticide spraying is performed. In summer, when temperatures are high in tea gardens, leafhopper populations typically remain at low densities. During this period, preventive techniques (acoustic, color, and light trapping) can be discontinued. During the second peak bloom period in September, if the leafhopper count on the monitoring device remains above 5 per day, vibration control equipment is activated to continuously broadcast interference signals to suppress mating calls. Because light trapping is less effective in autumn, acoustic and color trapping are the only effective means of control during the second peak bloom period. If the leafhopper population in the controlled area exceeds the pesticide control threshold, emergency pesticide spraying is performed. In November, when the leafhopper density falls below 5 per day, the monitoring device is shut down and the garden is sealed with lime sulfur to reduce the overwintering leafhopper population. This integrated control approach not only improves leafhopper control effectiveness in tea gardens but also significantly reduces pesticide use.

[0132] Effect of vibration interference technology on the prevention and control of tea green leafhopper

[0133] During the experiment, the tea green leafhopper population in the tea garden was on the rise. After the interference signal was played, the number of insects in the area treated with the vibration control technology gradually decreased. After 7 days, the insect population reduction rate was 61.5%, and the control efficiency was 71.5%, indicating that the vibration control technology has a significant control effect on the tea green leafhopper (Table 3-1; Figure 8 The use of interference signals can significantly inhibit and reduce the population of leafhoppers in autumn tea gardens. The number of leafhoppers in the control area before interference was significantly lower than that in the treatment area ( Figure 8 The difference between the two groups after the vibration control was significant (t = 2.884, df = 8, P = 0.041). The technical treatment and conventional management areas were sprayed with 5% pyrethrin at a 750-fold dilution on September 29, while the conventional management area was sprayed with 1.5% pyrethrin at a 500-fold dilution on October 4. Seven days after the start of the experiment, the insect population in the conventional management area was reduced by 63.3%, with a control efficacy of 72.8%. Compared to the conventional management vibration control technology, the pesticide use was reduced by 60%.

[0134] Summarize

[0135] Vibration jamming technology, a novel physical pest control method, continuously disrupts the courtship communications of target pests by synthesizing specific vibration jamming signals based on their courtship behavior patterns and mating signal characteristics. This is achieved by controlling the signal's intensity, type, coverage area, and timing. For the tea leafhopper, a major tea pest, vibration jamming technology represents a novel, energy-efficient, and highly efficient pest interference strategy. It effectively suppresses the leafhopper's courtship communications, disrupting its reproductive behavior and reducing its population growth and potential harm.

[0136] By constructing an interference signal sound field through directional speakers, the inhibitory effect on leafhopper courtship communication is long-lasting and effective; white noise also has an interference effect on leafhopper courtship, but as the interference time increases, this effect gradually decreases. The leafhopper population in the area covered by the interference signal continues to decline, including the egg laying of adults, nymphs and leafhoppers, while the control area will fluctuate, indicating that the interference signal can effectively inhibit the growth of the leafhopper population in the tea garden, and there is no significant difference in the number of natural enemies between the signal coverage area and the control area, that is, the interference signal is specific and has no effect on the number of natural enemy populations.

[0137] In summary, vibration control technology can significantly reduce the population of small green leafhoppers in tea gardens without negatively impacting natural insect enemies and reducing the use of chemical pesticides. With the increasing demand for environmentally friendly pest management methods in crop protection, leafhopper vibration control technology has broad application potential.

Claims

1. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Analyze the courtship behavior patterns of tea green leafhoppers and determine the vibration signal characteristics of their courtship communication; S2: Synthesize specific interference signals to block courtship communication; S3: Optimize signal propagation and signal playback strategies based on tea garden environmental parameters; S4: Combine field application models to achieve dynamic population control.

2. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The courtship behavior pattern of the tea green leafhopper includes five stages: male calling, female recognition, male positioning, courtship and mating. The calling signal (MCaS) released by the male contains three components: S0, S1 and S2. The fundamental frequency of S1 increases over time (MR>0), the main frequency / fundamental frequency of S0 and S2 remains consistent in the pulse train, and the frequency of S2 changes dynamically. The female recognition signal (FS1) is a single pulse harmonic structure and the fundamental frequency decreases over time (MR<0).

3. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific interference signal is a mating interference signal (MDS) released during male insect competition behavior, and its spectral parameters are: main frequency 266.32~448Hz, composed of multiple single pulses, single pulse harmonic structure and fundamental frequency decreasing over time (MR<0), intensity threshold ≥5μm / s, and repeated pulse interval ≤0.3s.

4. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tea garden environmental parameters include: The spatial distribution of tea green leafhoppers' courtship is concentrated on the 6th to 8th leaves (mature leaves) below the buds of the tea tree's production branches; The courtship circadian rhythm shows a morning peak (5:00-10:00) and an evening peak (17:00-22:00); The attenuation coefficient (α) of vibration signals in air is 0.0277, which is significantly lower than that in soil (α=0.4825).

5. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal playback strategy includes: Use directional speakers (such as FSC5) to transmit sound waves carrying interference signals, ensuring that the angle between the main vein of the blade and the direction of the sound wave is ≥30° to maximize signal pickup efficiency; An interference signal radiation sound field is constructed, and the signal intensity is ≥5μm / s in the coverage area. The intensity threshold for inhibiting courtship between male and female insects is 5μm / s.

6. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field application modes include: From early April to November, when leafhoppers are present, jamming signals were broadcast daily during the peak courtship periods (5:00-10:00 and 17:00-22:00); Use remote intelligent monitoring equipment (such as a machine vision leafhopper identification system) to adjust the interference period and equipment operating status based on the dynamic insect population in the field; When adult leafhoppers appear in the field, turn on the loudspeaker to transmit interference signals for vibration prevention and control. When the insect population exceeds the prevention and control threshold (12 heads / 100 shoots), use biological pesticides (such as pyrethrins) for emergency prevention and control.

7. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper prevention and control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activity rate of leafhoppers increases under vibration wave stress, which can increase the number of leafhoppers attracted by light and color trapping. The method also includes the coordinated application of light and color trapping technology, including: The light trapping technology uses a single-wave LED insecticidal lamp to prevent leafhoppers from escaping, with one lamp deployed every 3-5 mu to reduce the base number of adult insects; The color luring technology uses insect traps (to lure and kill adult insects), with 20-30 insect traps hung per acre.

8. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration prevention and control equipment includes: Directional loudspeakers (placed around the fields to enhance the reproduction strength of interference signals within the fields, while avoiding noise pollution around the fields during technical implementation); Omnidirectional loudspeakers (placed inside the field to create a sound field for interference signal radiation); Omnidirectional speakers are used to output sound waves carrying interference signals in the field to construct an interference signal radiation sound field, ensuring that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves inside the field is higher than the effective threshold, while ensuring that the sound wave intensity outside the field is lower than 40 dB to avoid noise pollution. Directional speakers are used at the edge of the field to play sound waves carrying interference signals inside, ensuring that the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the tea leaves at the edge of the field is higher than the effective threshold; the Internet of Things remote control system supports signal category and intensity adjustment, and real-time monitoring of equipment operating hours and equipment switches.

9. A vibration control method for controlling tea green leafhopper according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The vibration control method can significantly reduce the mating rate of tea green leafhoppers. Continuous interference for 24 hours can reduce the mating rate to ≤10%, and has no significant effect on the population size of dominant natural enemies (such as spiders and Hymenoptera insects) in tea gardens.

10. A vibration control method for tea green leafhopper control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Internet of Things remote control system controls the loudspeakers deployed around and in the central area of the tea garden, and accurately blocks the courtship communication of the tea green leafhopper through internal playback and edge-directional propagation of interference signals. The insect population reduction rate in the signal coverage area is ≥60%, and the pesticide use is reduced by ≥50%.

Images